1
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García MA, González PM, Aceituno A, Al-Gousous J. Novel analytical solutions for convolution in compartmental pharmacokinetic models and application to non-bioequivalent formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 202:106892. [PMID: 39245356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Deconvolution and convolution are powerful tools that allow decomposition and reconstruction, respectively, of plasma versus time profiles from input and impulse functions. While deconvolution have commonly used compartmental approaches (e.g., Wagner-Nelson or Loo-Riegelman), convolution most typically used the convolution integral which can be solved with numerical methods. In 2005, an analytical solution for one-compartment pharmacokinetic was proposed and has been widely used ever since. However, to the best of our knowledge, analytical solutions for drugs distributed in more than one compartment have not been reported yet. In this paper, analytical solutions for compartmental convolution from both original and exact Loo-Riegelman approaches were developed and evaluated for different scenarios. While convolution from original approach was slightly more precise than that from the exact Loo-Riegelman, both methods were extremely accurate for reconstruction of plasma profiles after respective deconvolutions. Nonetheless, convolution from exact Loo-Riegelman was easier to interpret and to be manipulated mathematically. In fact, convolution solutions for three and more compartments can be easily written with this approach. Finally, our convolution analytical solution was applied to predict the failure in bioequivalence for levonorgestrel, demonstrating that equations in this paper may be useful tools for pharmaceutical scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A García
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.
| | - Pablo M González
- Innovation and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation Center (IBECenter), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Aceituno
- National Drug Agency Department, Institute of Public Health (ISP), Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Departament of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany; Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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2
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Ruiz-Picazo A, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Bermejo M, Gonzalez-Alvarez M. New mathematical model from dynamic dissolution rate tests. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 201:106864. [PMID: 39053591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In vitro dissolution experiments are becoming increasingly complex attempting to replicate in vivo behavior. The objective of these new methods is to explore the behavior of low-solubility drugs. This is more relevant for drugs classified in subclasses 2a, 2b and 2c of the BCS, considering their pH-dependent solubility and dissolution characteristics. A novel mathematical approach using a modified double Weibull equation is proposed to model the dissolution and precipitation kinetics observed in two-stage and transfer dissolution experiments (dumping test). This approach demonstrates a high level of accuracy in fitting experimental data for two drugs BCS class 2a and two BCS class 2b, providing valuable insights into their dissolution behavior under different conditions. The results highlight the versatility of the proposed model in capturing complex dissolution phenomena, including rapid dissolution, precipitation, and redissolution. The ease of implementation in Excel, using the Solver tool, makes it a practical and accessible tool for pharmaceutical researchers. Overall, the study contributes to the development of more effective in vitro dissolution testing methods, facilitating the formulation and optimization of pharmaceutical products and potentially aiding in the establishment of in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVC).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-Picazo
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - I Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - M Bermejo
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - M Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante 03550 Alicante, Spain
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3
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Guo P, Wang Q, Xiang X, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Zuo Z, Wang J. Establishment of Dissolution Test Method for Multi-Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations Based on In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1065. [PMID: 39204171 PMCID: PMC11359531 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a multi-component integrated dissolution evaluation system of Yuanhu Zhitong tablets (YZTs) was established based on in vitro and in vivo correlation (IVIVC). The dissolution tests of five quality markers (Q-markers), including tetrahydropalmatine, α-allocryptopine, protopine, corydaline, and byakangelicin, in YZTs were conducted under different dissolution conditions, and pharmacokinetic studies were performed in beagle dogs to construct a correlation model using numerical deconvolution. The data of the five ingredients were integrated in vitro and in vivo according to the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) to establish an IVIVC integrating multiple Q-markers. The dissolution media with the best correlation of components were obtained and validated. The results showed that all five components were classified as BCS I compounds, and α-allocryptopine, byakangelicin, tetrahydropalmatine, and corydaline showed good correlation in the paddle method, 75 rpm, with dissolution media of artificial gastric fluid, acetate buffer, acetate buffer and 0.1 M HCl, respectively. Protopine showed good correlation in the paddle method, 100 rpm, with dissolution media of 0.1 M HCl. The integrated BCS I Q-markers showed the best correlation in the medium of acetate buffer. The multi-component integrated dissolution evaluation system established in this experiment accurately predicted the pharmacokinetic data of YZTs by verifying the media, which can be used for the quality control of YZTs. The present study provides an effective and promising strategy for the dissolution evaluation for traditional Chinese medicine preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; (P.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.P.)
| | - Qizheng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; (P.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.P.)
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; (P.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.P.)
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China; (P.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.P.)
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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4
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Reig-López J, Cuquerella-Gilabert M, Bandín-Vilar E, Merino-Sanjuán M, Mangas-Sanjuán V, García-Arieta A. Bioequivalence risk assessment of oral formulations containing racemic ibuprofen through a chiral physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of ibuprofen enantiomers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 199:114293. [PMID: 38641229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The characterization of the time course of ibuprofen enantiomers can be useful in the selection of the most sensitive analyte in bioequivalence studies. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling and simulation represents the most efficient methodology to virtually assess bioequivalence outcomes. In this work, we aim to develop and verify a PBPK model for ibuprofen enantiomers administered as a racemic mixture with different immediate release dosage forms to anticipate bioequivalence outcomes based on different particle size distributions. A PBPK model incorporating stereoselectivity and non-linearity in plasma protein binding and metabolism as well as R-to-S unidirectional inversion has been developed in Simcyp®. A dataset composed of 11 Phase I clinical trials with 54 scenarios (27 per enantiomer) and 14,452 observations (7129 for R-ibuprofen and 7323 for S-ibuprofen) was used. Prediction errors for AUC0-t and Cmax for both enantiomers fell within the 0.8-1.25 range in 50/54 (93 %) and 42/54 (78 %) of scenarios, respectively. Outstanding model performance, with 10/10 (100 %) of Cmax and 9/10 (90 %) of AUC0-t within the 0.9-1.1 range, was demonstrated for oral suspensions, which strongly supported its use for bioequivalence risk assessment. The deterministic bioequivalence risk assessment has revealed R-ibuprofen as the most sensitive analyte to detect differences in particle size distribution for oral suspensions containing 400 mg of racemic ibuprofen, suggesting that achiral bioanalytical methods would increase type II error and declare non-bioequivalence for formulations that are bioequivalent for the eutomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Reig-López
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, University of Valencia-Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Cuquerella-Gilabert
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, University of Valencia-Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain; Simulation Department, Empresarios Agrupados Internacional S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Bandín-Vilar
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Spain; Clinical Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Spain; Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Spain
| | - Matilde Merino-Sanjuán
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, University of Valencia-Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Mangas-Sanjuán
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, University of Valencia-Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alfredo García-Arieta
- Área de Farmacocinética y Medicamentos Genéricos, División de Farmacología y Evaluación Clínica, Departamento de Medicamentos de Uso Humano, Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, Spain
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5
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Chang Z, Wu Y, Hu P, Jiang J, Quan G, Wu C, Pan X, Huang Z. The Necessity to Investigate In Vivo Fate of Nanoparticle-Loaded Dissolving Microneedles. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:286. [PMID: 38399340 PMCID: PMC10892231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems are rapidly gaining prominence and have found widespread application in the treatment of numerous diseases. However, they encounter the challenge of a low transdermal absorption rate. Microneedles can overcome the stratum corneum barrier to enhance the transdermal absorption rate. Among various types of microneedles, nanoparticle-loaded dissolving microneedles (DMNs) present a unique combination of advantages, leveraging the strengths of DMNs (high payload, good mechanical properties, and easy fabrication) and nanocarriers (satisfactory solubilization capacity and a controlled release profile). Consequently, they hold considerable clinical application potential in the precision medicine era. Despite this promise, no nanoparticle-loaded DMN products have been approved thus far. The lack of understanding regarding their in vivo fate represents a critical bottleneck impeding the clinical translation of relevant products. This review aims to elucidate the current research status of the in vivo fate of nanoparticle-loaded DMNs and elaborate the necessity to investigate the in vivo fate of nanoparticle-loaded DMNs from diverse aspects. Furthermore, it offers insights into potential entry points for research into the in vivo fate of nanoparticle-loaded DMNs, aiming to foster further advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (X.P.)
| | - Yuhuan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (X.P.)
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (P.H.); (G.Q.); (C.W.)
| | - Junhuang Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (P.H.); (G.Q.); (C.W.)
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (P.H.); (G.Q.); (C.W.)
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (P.H.); (G.Q.); (C.W.)
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (X.P.)
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; (P.H.); (G.Q.); (C.W.)
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6
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Krajcar D, Jereb R, Legen I, Opara J, Grabnar I. Predictive Potential of Acido-Basic Properties, Solubility and Food on Bioequivalence Study Outcome: Analysis of 128 Studies. Drugs R D 2023; 23:211-220. [PMID: 37300755 PMCID: PMC10439087 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-023-00426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Risk assessment related to bioequivalence study outcome is critical for effective planning from the early stage of drug product development. The objective of this research was to evaluate the associations between solubility and acido-basic parameters of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), study conditions and bioequivalence outcome. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 128 bioequivalence studies of immediate-release products with 26 different APIs. Bioequivalence study conditions and acido-basic/solubility characteristics of APIs were collected and their predictive potential on the study outcome was assessed using a set of univariate statistical analyses. RESULTS There was no difference in bioequivalence rate between fasting and fed conditions. The highest proportion of non-bioequivalent studies was for weak acids (10/19 cases, 53%) and neutral APIs (23/95 cases, 24%). Lower non-bioequivalence occurrence was observed for weak bases (1/15 cases, 7%) and amphoteric APIs (0/16 cases, 0%). The median dose numbers at pH 1.2 and pH 3 were higher and the most basic acid dissociation constant (pKa) was lower in the non-bioequivalent group of studies. Additionally, APIs with low calculated effective permeability (cPeff) or low calculated lipophilicity (clogP) had lower non-bioequivalence occurrence. Results of the subgroup analysis of studies under fasting conditions were similar as for the whole dataset. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that acido-basic properties of API should be considered in bioequivalence risk assessment and reveal which physico-chemical parameters are most relevant for the development of bioequivalence risk assessment tools for immediate-release products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Krajcar
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., A Sandoz Company, Verovskova 57, 1526, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Rebeka Jereb
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., A Sandoz Company, Verovskova 57, 1526, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Legen
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., A Sandoz Company, Verovskova 57, 1526, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Opara
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., A Sandoz Company, Verovskova 57, 1526, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Grabnar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Rivera KR, Pessi J, Andersson V, Gustafsson H, Gluud LL, Buckley ST. Characterizing interspecies differences in gastric fluid properties to improve understanding of in vivo oral drug formulation performance. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 183:106386. [PMID: 36736067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of the properties of gastric fluid(s) prior to an in vivo pharmacokinetic investigation can vastly improve predictions of in vivo performance. Previously, properties of animal and human gastric fluids have been characterized with varying methods. Unfortunately, characterization has often not been thorough, and some properties, such as density and viscosity, have not been reported. Here, human, porcine and canine gastric fluids were harvested and characterized for pH, viscosity, surface tension, density, and osmolarity. We found that the variability of pH and surface tension between dogs was significantly higher than the variability between pigs, and, furthermore, gastric fluids collected from the same canine species (beagles) housed in two different countries (Denmark and China) had surprisingly different pH values. Next, an in vitro dissolution study in diluted gastric fluids from each species was performed using minitablets containing ibuprofen. Human gastric fluids and porcine gastric fluids showed similar dissolution profiles and corroborated well with biorelevant human Fasted State Simulated Gastric Fluid (FaSSGF). In contrast, differences in canine gastric fluids caused highly variable dissolution results. We systematically compared our findings to those in the literature and based on this evaluation, propose obtaining aspirates from the animals used for in vivo studies to ensure knowledge on the fluid properties affecting the performance of the formulated drug in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R Rivera
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Jenni Pessi
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Vincent Andersson
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Henning Gustafsson
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Lise Lotte Gluud
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Stephen T Buckley
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv, Denmark.
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Katona MT, Nagy-Katona L, Szabó R, Borbás E, Tonka-Nagy P, Takács-Novák K. Multi-Compartmental Dissolution Method, an Efficient Tool for the Development of Enhanced Bioavailability Formulations Containing Poorly Soluble Acidic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030753. [PMID: 36986614 PMCID: PMC10051608 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of the Gastrointestinal Simulator (GIS), a multi-compartmental dissolution model, to predict the in vivo performance of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class IIa compounds. As the bioavailability enhancement of poorly soluble drugs requires a thorough understanding of the desired formulation, the appropriate in vitro modelling of the absorption mechanism is essential. Four immediate release ibuprofen 200 mg formulations were tested in the GIS using fasted biorelevant media. In addition to the free acid form, ibuprofen was present as sodium and lysine salts in tablets and as a solution in soft-gelatin capsules. In the case of rapid-dissolving formulations, the dissolution results indicated supersaturation in the gastric compartment, which affected the resulting concentrations in the duodenum and the jejunum as well. In addition, a Level A in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) model was established using published in vivo data, and then the plasma concentration profiles of each formulation were simulated. The predicted pharmacokinetic parameters were consistent with the statistical output of the published clinical study. In conclusion, the GIS method was found to be superior compared to the traditional USP method. In the future, the method can be useful for formulation technologists to find the optimal technique to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble acidic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Tamás Katona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, 116-120 Bökényföldi Street, H-1165 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lili Nagy-Katona
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rakpart, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Szabó
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, 116-120 Bökényföldi Street, H-1165 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Borbás
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem rakpart, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Tonka-Nagy
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, 116-120 Bökényföldi Street, H-1165 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Takács-Novák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
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Anand O, Pepin XJH, Kolhatkar V, Seo P. The Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Analyses-in Biopharmaceutics Applications -Regulatory and Industry Perspectives. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1681-1700. [PMID: 35585448 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to support the drug product quality attributes, also known as physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM) is an evolving field and the interest in using PBBM is increasing. The US-FDA has emphasized on the use of patient centric quality standards and clinically relevant drug product specifications over the years. Establishing an in vitro in vivo link is an important step towards achieving the goal of patient centric quality standard. Such a link can aid in constructing a bioequivalence safe space and establishing clinically relevant drug product specifications. PBBM is an important tool to construct a safe space which can be used during the drug product development and lifecycle management. There are several advantages of using the PBBM approach, though there are also a few challenges, both with in vitro methods and in vivo understanding of drug absorption and disposition, that preclude using this approach and therefore further improvements are needed. In this review we have provided an overview of experience gained so far and the current perspective from regulatory and industry point of view. Collaboration between scientists from regulatory, industry and academic fields can further help to advance this field and deliver on promises that PBBM can offer towards establishing patient centric quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Anand
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
| | - Xavier J H Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Vidula Kolhatkar
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Seo
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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