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Gill NB, Dowker-Key PD, Hedrick M, Bettaieb A. Unveiling the Role of Oxidative Stress in Cochlear Hair Cell Death: Prospective Phytochemical Therapeutics against Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4272. [PMID: 38673858 PMCID: PMC11050722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss represents a multifaceted and pervasive challenge that deeply impacts various aspects of an individual's life, spanning psychological, emotional, social, and economic realms. Understanding the molecular underpinnings that orchestrate hearing loss remains paramount in the quest for effective therapeutic strategies. This review aims to expound upon the physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of hearing loss, with a specific focus on its correlation with diabetes. Within this context, phytochemicals have surfaced as prospective contenders in the pursuit of potential adjuvant therapies. These compounds exhibit noteworthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which hold the potential to counteract the detrimental effects induced by oxidative stress and inflammation-prominent contributors to hearing impairment. Furthermore, this review offers an up-to-date exploration of the diverse molecular pathways modulated by these compounds. However, the dynamic landscape of their efficacy warrants recognition as an ongoing investigative topic, inherently contingent upon specific experimental models. Ultimately, to ascertain the genuine potential of phytochemicals as agents in hearing loss treatment, a comprehensive grasp of the molecular mechanisms at play, coupled with rigorous clinical investigations, stands as an imperative quest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Gill
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Presley D. Dowker-Key
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
| | - Mark Hedrick
- Department of Audiology & Speech Pathology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN 37996-0240, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, USA
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Li H, Oh SH, Shin HC, Suh MW. Intratympanic Administration of Dieckol Prevents Ototoxic Hearing Loss. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100622. [PMID: 36286446 PMCID: PMC9604621 DOI: 10.3390/md20100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic administration of dieckol reportedly ameliorates acute hearing loss. In this study, dieckol was delivered to the inner ear by the intratympanic route. The functional and anatomic effects and safety of dieckol were assessed using the rat ototoxicity model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dieckol in a high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid vehicle (dieckol+vehicle group) or vehicle without dieckol (vehicle-only group) were randomly delivered into 12 ears intratympanically. Ototoxic hearing loss was induced by intravenous administration of cisplatin, gentamicin, and furosemide. The hearing threshold and surviving outer hair cells (OHC) were enumerated. Biocompatibility was assessed by serial endoscopy of the tympanic membrane (TM), and the histology of the TM and the base of bulla (BB) mucosa was quantitatively assessed. RESULTS The hearing threshold was significantly better (difference of 20 dB SPL) in the dieckol+vehicle group than in the vehicle-only group. The number of surviving OHCs was significantly greater in the dieckol+vehicle group than in the vehicle-only group. There were no signs of inflammation or infection in the ear. The thickness of the TM and the BB mucosa did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION Intratympanic local delivery of dieckol may be a safe and effective method to prevent ototoxic hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Shin
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, The State University of New York, Incheon 21985, Korea
| | - Myung-Whan Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-3649; Fax: +82-2-745-2387
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Medical Therapy of Hearing Impairment and Tinnitus with Chinese Medicine: An Overview. Chin J Integr Med 2022:10.1007/s11655-022-3678-5. [PMID: 35419727 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The current review gives a comprehensive overview of the recent development in Chinese medicine (CM) for treating several kinds of acquired nerve deafness and tinnitus, as well as links the traditional principle to well-established pharmacological mechanisms for future research. To date, about 24 herbal species and 40 related ingredients used in CM to treat hearing loss and tinnitus are reported for the treatment of endocochlear potential, endolymph growth, lowering toxic and provocative substance aggregation, inhibiting sensory cell death, and retaining sensory transfer. However, there are a few herbal species that can be used for medicinal purposes. Nevertheless, clinical studies have been hampered by a limited population sample, a deficiency of a suitable control research group, or contradictory results. Enhanced cochlear blood flow, antiinflammatory antioxidant, neuroprotective effects, and anti-apoptotic, as well as multi-target approach on different auditory sections of the inner ear, are all possible benefits of CM medications. There are numerous unknown natural products for aural ailment and tinnitus identified in CM that are expected to be examined in the future utilizing various aural ailment models and processes.
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Long L, Tang Y. Urine caffeine metabolites and hearing threshold shifts in US adults: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21631. [PMID: 34732802 PMCID: PMC8566481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the relationship between effect of caffeine and many diseases. However, studies to evaluate the association between caffeine and hearing loss are contradictory. To examine the relationship of urinary caffeine metabolites with the hearing threshold in US adults, a total of 849 adults aged 20–69 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011–2012) were enrolled in this study. Urinary caffeine and its 14 metabolites were applied as biomarkers to assess caffeine exposure. Hearing loss was defined as mean pure tone averages > 25 dB HL at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz in both ears (low frequency); and 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz in both ears (high frequency). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of urinary caffeine metabolites with low- and high-frequency hearing thresholds, respectively. Low-frequency hearing loss were 5.08% and 6.10% in male and female participants, respectively; and high-frequency hearing loss were 31.81% and 15.14% in male and female participants, respectively. In the unadjusted model, the P value for trend shows that urinary caffeine metabolites 137X and AAMU were significantly associated with low-frequency PTA, and that 17X, 137X, AAMU were significantly associated with high-frequency PTA, but when the model was adjusted for sex, age, education level, firearm noise exposure, occupational noise exposure, recreational noise exposure, serum cotinine, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, these were no longer statistically significant. In conclusion, urinary caffeine metabolites were not associated with the hearing threshold shifts in US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Long
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sichuan University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuedi Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo-Xue-Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Woo H, Kim MK, Park S, Han SH, Shin HC, Kim BG, Oh SH, Suh MW, Lee JH, Park MK. Effect of Phlorofucofuroeckol A and Dieckol Extracted from Ecklonia cava on Noise-induced Hearing Loss in a Mouse Model. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:443. [PMID: 34436282 PMCID: PMC8400186 DOI: 10.3390/md19080443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the well-known causes of hearing loss is noise. Approximately 31.1% of Americans between the ages of 20 and 69 years (61.1 million people) have high-frequency hearing loss associated with noise exposure. In addition, recurrent noise exposure can accelerate age-related hearing loss. Phlorofucofuroeckol A (PFF-A) and dieckol, polyphenols extracted from the brown alga Ecklonia cava, are potent antioxidant agents. In this study, we investigated the effect of PFF-A and dieckol on the consequences of noise exposure in mice. In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, dieckol and PFF-A both showed significant radical-scavenging activity. The mice were exposed to 115 dB SPL of noise one single time for 2 h. Auditory brainstem response(ABR) threshold shifts 4 h after 4 kHz noise exposure in mice that received dieckol were significantly lower than those in the saline with noise group. The high-PFF-A group showed a lower threshold shift at click and 16 kHz 1 day after noise exposure than the control group. The high-PFF-A group also showed higher hair cell survival than in the control at 3 days after exposure in the apical turn. These results suggest that noise-induced hair cell damage in cochlear and the ABR threshold shift can be alleviated by dieckol and PFF-A in the mouse. Derivatives of these compounds may be applied to individuals who are inevitably exposed to noise, contributing to the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss with a low probability of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Woo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Min-Kyung Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Sohyeon Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Shin
- CEWIT Center for Systems Biology, State University of New York, Incheon 21985, Korea;
| | - Byeong-gon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung-Ha Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Myung-Whan Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Moo-Kyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Hongcheon 25159, Korea
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Manandhar B, Paudel P, Seong SH, Jung HA, Choi JS. Characterizing Eckol as a Therapeutic Aid: A Systematic Review. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E361. [PMID: 31216636 PMCID: PMC6627842 DOI: 10.3390/md17060361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine biosphere is a treasure trove of natural bioactive secondary metabolites and the richest source of structurally diverse and unique compounds, such as phlorotannins and halo-compounds, with high therapeutic potential. Eckol is a precursor compound representing the dibenzo-1,4-dioxin class of phlorotannins abundant in the Ecklonia species, which are marine brown algae having a ubiquitous distribution. In search of compounds having biological activity from macro algae during the past three decades, this particular compound has attracted massive attention for its multiple therapeutic properties and health benefits. Although several varieties of marine algae, seaweed, and phlorotannins have already been well scrutinized, eckol deserves a place of its own because of the therapeutic properties it possesses. The relevant information about this particular compound has not yet been collected in one place; therefore, this review focuses on its biological applications, including its potential health benefits and possible applications to restrain diseases leading to good health. The facts compiled in this review could contribute to novel insights into the functions of eckol and potentially enable its use in different uninvestigated fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Manandhar
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
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Association of Chocolate Consumption with Hearing Loss and Tinnitus in Middle-Aged People Based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012⁻2013. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040746. [PMID: 30935024 PMCID: PMC6520725 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chocolate, which is produced from cocoa, exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesized that chocolate consumption would protect against hearing loss and tinnitus. We evaluated the hearing and tinnitus data, as well as the chocolate consumption, of middle-aged participants (40–64 years of age) of the 2012–2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All of the subjects underwent a medical interview, physical examination, audiological evaluation, tinnitus questionnaire, and nutrition examination. A total of 3575 subjects 40–64 years of age were enrolled. The rate of any hearing loss (unilateral or bilateral) in the subjects who consumed chocolate (26.78% (338/1262)) was significantly lower than that in those who did not (35.97% (832/2313)) (p < 0.001). Chocolate consumption was independently associated with low odds of any hearing loss (adjusted odds ratio = 0.83, 95% confidence interval = 0.70 to 0.98, p = 0.03). Moreover, the severity of hearing loss was inversely correlated with the frequency of chocolate consumption. In contrast to chocolate, there was no association between hearing loss and the consumption of sweet products without cocoa. Chocolate consumption was also not associated with tinnitus or tinnitus-related annoyance. Our results suggest that a chocolate-based diet may protect middle-aged people from hearing loss.
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Castañeda R, Natarajan S, Jeong SY, Hong BN, Kang TH. Traditional oriental medicine for sensorineural hearing loss: Can ethnopharmacology contribute to potential drug discovery? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:409-428. [PMID: 30439402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Traditional Oriental Medicine (TOM), the development of hearing pathologies is related to an inadequate nourishment of the ears by the kidney and other organs involved in regulation of bodily fluids and nutrients. Several herbal species have historically been prescribed for promoting the production of bodily fluids or as antiaging agents to treat deficiencies in hearing. AIM OF REVIEW The prevalence of hearing loss has been increasing in the last decade and is projected to grow considerably in the coming years. Recently, several herbal-derived products prescribed in TOM have demonstrated a therapeutic potential for acquired sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. Therefore, the aims of this review are to provide a comprehensive overview of the current known efficacy of the herbs used in TOM for preventing different forms of acquired sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus, and associate the traditional principle with the demonstrated pharmacological mechanisms to establish a solid foundation for directing future research. METHODS The present review collected the literature related to herbs used in TOM or related compounds on hearing from Chinese, Korean, and Japanese herbal classics; library catalogs; and scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar; and Science Direct). RESULTS This review shows that approximately 25 herbal species and 40 active compounds prescribed in TOM for hearing loss and tinnitus have shown in vitro or in vivo beneficial effects for acquired sensorineural hearing loss produced by noise, aging, ototoxic drugs or diabetes. The inner ear is highly vulnerable to ischemia and oxidative damage, where several TOM agents have revealed a direct effect on the auditory system by normalizing the blood supply to the cochlea and increasing the antioxidant defense in sensory hair cells. These strategies have shown a positive impact on maintaining the inner ear potential, sustaining the production of endolymph, reducing the accumulation of toxic and inflammatory substances, preventing sensory cell death and preserving sensory transmission. There are still several herbal species with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy whose mechanisms have not been deeply studied and others that have been traditionally used in hearing loss but have not been tested experimentally. In clinical studies, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and Astragalus propinquus have demonstrated to improve hearing thresholds in patients with sensorineural hearing loss and alleviated the symptoms of tinnitus. However, some of these clinical studies have been limited by small sample sizes, lack of an adequate control group or contradictory results. CONCLUSIONS Current therapeutic strategies have proven that the goal of the traditional oriental medicine principle of increasing bodily fluids is a relevant approach for reducing the development of hearing loss by improving microcirculation in the blood-labyrinth barrier and increasing cochlear blood flow. The potential benefits of TOM agents expand to a multi-target approach on different auditory structures of the inner ear related to increased cochlear blood flow, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities. However, more research is required, given the evidence is very limited in terms of the mechanism of action at the preclinical in vivo level and the scarce number of clinical studies published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Castañeda
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sathishkumar Natarajan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Yule Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bin Na Hong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
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Koirala P, Jung HA, Choi JS. Recent advances in pharmacological research on Ecklonia species: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:981-1005. [PMID: 28840539 PMCID: PMC7090987 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Ecklonia (Lessoniaceae, Phaeophyceae), commonly called kelp (brown algae), is abundant on the coasts of Japan and Korea. During the past few decades, Ecklonia species have received tremendous attention for their wide range of therapeutic properties and multiple health benefits, such as great nutritional value and being rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, proteins, and polysaccharides. Several novel functional ingredients with diversified biological activities have been isolated and possess antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant therapeutic properties. The present review discusses the phytochemical, pharmacological, therapeutic, nutritional, and health benefits of different species of genus Ecklonia, as well as their use in the prevention of disease and maintenance of good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashamsa Koirala
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Kim IH, Nam TJ. Enzyme-treated Ecklonia cava extract inhibits adipogenesis through the downregulation of C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:636-644. [PMID: 28204815 PMCID: PMC5360387 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of enzyme- treated Ecklonia cava (EEc) extract on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The components of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) were first separated and purified using the digestive enzymes pectinase (Rapidase® X‑Press L) and cellulase (Rohament® CL). We found that the EEc extract contained three distinct phlorotannins: eckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A. Among the phlorotannins, dieckol was the most abundant in the EEc extract at 16 mg/g. Then we examined the inhibitory effects of EEc extract treatment on differentiation‑related transcription factors and on adipogenesis‑related gene expression in vitro using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3‑L1 pre‑adipocytes were used to determine the concentrations of the EEc extract and Garcinia cambogia (Gar) extract that did not result in cytotoxicity. Glucose utilization and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the EEc‑treated adipocytes were similarly inhibited by 50 µg/ml EEc and 200 µg/ml Gar, and these results were confirmed by Oil Red O staining. Protein expression of adipogenesis differentiation‑related transcription factors following treatment with the EEc extract was also examined. Only the expression of CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein (C/EBP)α was decreased, while there was no effect on the expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, and peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Treatment with the EEc extract decreased the expression levels of adipogenesis‑related genes, in particular sterol regulatory element binding protein‑1c (SREBP‑1c), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A‑FABP), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin. These results suggest that EEc extract treatment has an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis, specifically by affecting the activation of the C/EBPα signaling pathway and the resulting adipogenesis-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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Düzenli U, Olgun Y, Aktaş S, Pamukoğlu A, Altun Z. Effect of Ecklonia Cava Polyphenol Extract in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 Cells Against Cisplatin Ototoxicity: A Preliminary Study. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 54:141-145. [PMID: 29392035 DOI: 10.5152/tao.2016.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cisplatin is a widely used agent for the treatment of adult and childhood malignancies. Side effects such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity lead to dose limitations. Ecklonia cava polyphenol extract (ECP) is a molecule obtained from algae that live in seawater in the Far East. ECP has recently been shown to have protective effects against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of ECP on cisplatin ototoxicity. Methods In this study, we investigated the protective effects of ECP against cisplatin-induced cell death in mouse-derived House Ear Institute Organ of Corti (HEI-OC1) cochlear cells. Cisplatin (100 μM) and 1, 10, and 25 μM doses of ECP were administered to the cells, and the protective effects of ECP at 24 and 72 hours were investigated. Cell viability was evaluated by the WST-1 (water soluble tetrazolium salt). Results Cisplatin (100 μM) reduced cell viability in both the 24th and 72nd hour evaluation. Although the 25 μM dose of ECP showed otoprotective effects in the 24th hour, in the 72nd hour this effect disappeared. Other doses of ECP showed no otoprotective effects in the 24th and 72nd hours. Conclusion Although ECP showed some protective effects in the 24th hour against cisplatin ototoxicity, these effects disappeared by the 72nd hour. Further studies using recurrent and higher doses of ECP are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Düzenli
- Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, İzmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Olgun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Safiye Aktaş
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayça Pamukoğlu
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Altun
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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