1
|
Kuchta R, Phillips AJ, Scholz T. Diversity and biology of Spirometra tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), zoonotic parasites of wildlife: A review. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 24:100947. [PMID: 39040598 PMCID: PMC11261046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Tapeworms of the genus Spirometra Faust, Campbell et Kellogg, 1929 have long been known as intestinal parasites of carnivores and their larvae (spargana) have been found in various vertebrates. Nevertheless, their species diversity, host associations and geographical distribution remain poorly understood. Molecular data clearly confirm the validity of the genus, which has been synonymised by several authors with Diphyllobothrium Cobbold, 1858. Despite morphological similarities between the species of the two genera, they are not closely related and also differ in their life cycle. The present review provides a list of the species recognised as valid and additional genotypes that may represent other species, with a basic characterisation of each taxon and comments on their validity, the probable range of definitive and intermediate hosts, and their distribution. The existing taxonomic problems and the insufficient knowledge of the host specificity and distribution of Spirometra tapeworms can only be solved by combining molecular and morphological data, i.e. by comparing genetically characterised specimens with corresponding morphological vouchers (hologenophores). Further targeted sampling and surveys are required to clarify the distribution and host associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna J. Phillips
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Profitiliotis T, Koltsakidis S, Tsongas K, Tzetzis D. Innovative Design of a 3D Printed Esophageal Stent Inspired by Nature: Mitigating Migration Challenges in Palliative Esophageal Cancer Therapy. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:359. [PMID: 38921239 PMCID: PMC11201459 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9060359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a complex and challenging tumor to treat, with esophageal stenting being used as a palliative measure to improve the quality of life of patients. Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS), self-expandable plastic stents (SEPS), and biodegradable stents are the most commonly used types of stents. However, complications can arise, such as migration, bleeding, and perforation. To address issues of migration, this study developed a novel 3D printed bioinspired esophageal stent utilizing a highly flexible and ductile TPU material. The stent was designed to be self-expanding and tubular with flared ends to provide secure anchorage at both the proximal and distal ends of the structure. Suction cups were strategically placed around the shaft of the stent to prevent migration. The stent was evaluated through compression-recovery, self-expansion, and anti-migration tests to evaluate its recovery properties, self-expansion ability, and anchoring ability, respectively. The results indicated that the novel stent was able to recover its shape, expand, keep the esophagus open, and resist migration, demonstrating its potential for further research and clinical applications. Finite element analysis (FEA) was leveraged to analyze the stent's mechanical behavior, providing insights into its structural integrity, self-expansion capability, and resistance against migration. These results, supported by FEA, highlight the potential of this innovative stent for further research and its eventual application in preclinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Profitiliotis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Savvas Koltsakidis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsongas
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Tzetzis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alvarado-Hidalgo I, Campos-Camacho J, Arguedas-Morales Y, Romero-Vega LM, Alfaro-Alarcón A, Anchia-Ureña G, Bass LG, Berrocal-Ávila I, Hagnauer I, Olivares RWI, Solano-Barquero A, Traube-Rivera R, Montenegro-Hidalgo V, Rojas A. Molecular, morphological and histopathological evidence of Spirometra mansoni in wild and domestic animals from Costa Rica. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 51:101030. [PMID: 38772646 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Spirometra mansoni is a diphyllobothroid cestode and one of the causing agents of sparganosis, a zoonotic foodborne and waterborne infection in humans. This parasite has an indirect life cycle with domestic and wild canids or felids as definitive hosts. The last report of S. mansoni in Costa Rica was done in 2004 by morphological assessment of worms, whereas molecular evidence of this species was obtained recently in the Americas. Herein, we present seven cases of spirometrosis in four dogs, three cats and a coyote from different regions of Costa Rica occurring in a time span of a year. Dog cases presented vomiting, hyporexia, lethargy and diarrhea, whereas cats were mostly asymptomatic. Moreover, the coyote was found with Spirometra sp. proglottids incidentally. Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) sequences of eggs or proglottids derived from all cases were analyzed with a Bayesian Inference phylogenetic tree and a haplotype network. These analyses showed the clustering of S. mansoni from Costa Rica with other sequences derived from Asia and America. Moreover, cox1 sequences clustered in two separate haplotypes, suggesting the high genetic diversity of the species. The present cases represent the first molecular evidence of the parasite in Central America; thus, extending its known range in the American continent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alvarado-Hidalgo
- Laboratorio Veterinario Diagnóstico Albeitar, San José, Costa Rica; Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Josué Campos-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria LAPAVET-ESFA, Cátedra de Patología e Histología, Escuela de Medicina y Cirugía Veterinaria San Francisco de Asís, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Luis M Romero-Vega
- Pathology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Alejandro Alfaro-Alarcón
- Pathology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laura G Bass
- Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria LAPAVET-ESFA, Cátedra de Patología e Histología, Escuela de Medicina y Cirugía Veterinaria San Francisco de Asís, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Isabel Hagnauer
- Rescate Wildlife Rescue Center, Fundación Restauración de la Naturaleza, Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - Roberto W I Olivares
- Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria LAPAVET-ESFA, Cátedra de Patología e Histología, Escuela de Medicina y Cirugía Veterinaria San Francisco de Asís, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alberto Solano-Barquero
- Laboratory of Helminthology, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.; Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Víctor Montenegro-Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Alicia Rojas
- Laboratory of Helminthology, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.; Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica..
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miyahara M, Osaki K. Diphyllobothriasis Caused by the Sanada Tapeworm: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e61147. [PMID: 38803400 PMCID: PMC11129284 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of human diphyllobothriasis is expected to rise amidst the current global popularity of Japanese cuisine, such as sushi, which contains raw fish. We report a case of a 10-year-old boy with a diphyllobothriasis infection acquired via sushi consumption. The patient was otherwise healthy, exhibited no symptoms, and was successfully treated with a single dose of 10 mg/kg praziquantel. In Japan, this parasite is known as "Sanada-mushi" because it resembles a Sanada cord. Prompt recognition of this parasite by evoking the Sanada cord's appearance may facilitate early diagnosis and treatment and increase public awareness to prevent diphyllobothriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoko Osaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Okanami General Hospital, Iga, JPN
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Logvinenko AD, Gordeev II, Ekimova IA, Sokolov SG. Helminths of three species of White Sea fishes. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:39. [PMID: 38095734 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic fauna of the White Sea cod, Gadus morhua marisalbi; the navaga, Eleginus nawaga; and the shorthorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius, in the White Sea was repeatedly studied, but no large-scale parasitological surveys have been made in the recent three decades. To fill this gap, we conducted a survey of the helminths of these three fish species at the White Sea Biological Station (Karelia, Russia) of the Lomonosov Moscow State University in August 2021. The navaga (50 specimens studied) was found to be infected with 13 species of helminths; the White Sea cod (50 specimens), with 12 species; and the shorthorn sculpin (21 specimens), with 13 species. Plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium schistochilus and third-stage juveniles of Pseudoterranova bulbosa were recorded in the White Sea for the first time. The helminth infracommunities of the navaga and the White Sea cod were closer in structure to each other than to those of the shorthorn sculpin. In general, the levels of helminth infection of the White Sea cod, the navaga, and shorthorn sculpin have been consistently high over 85 years of observations in the White Sea, but long-term trends in the abundance of some helminth species were multidirectional.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D Logvinenko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ilya I Gordeev
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
- Pacific Salmon Department, Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Okruzhnoy Pr. 19, Moscow, 105187, Russia.
| | - Irina A Ekimova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Sergey G Sokolov
- Center of Parasitology of the Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Leninskiy Pros. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Uribe M, Brabec J, Chaparro-Gutiérrez JJ, Hermosilla C. Neglected zoonotic helminthiases in wild canids: new insights from South America. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1235182. [PMID: 37635759 PMCID: PMC10450927 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1235182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global threat of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) constitutes a public health issue in underdeveloped countries. Zoonotic helminthiases are the most common human NTD agents in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas, causing a global burden of disease that exceeds that of more recognized infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis. Wild canids are well-known mammals that act as natural reservoirs of zoonotic-relevant helminthiasis worldwide, thus playing a pivotal role in their epidemiology and transmission to humans. Here we evaluate the occurrence of zoonotic gastrointestinal helminths in two Neotropical wild canid species from the Amazonian and Andean regions of Colombia, i.e., the bush dog (Speothos venaticus) and the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous). We recovered tapeworm proglottids from bush dog fecal samples and identified them molecularly as the canine-specific lineage of Dipylidium caninum by using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene sequences. Moreover, examination of a crab-eating fox during necropsy revealed the presence of non-embryonated eggs of the neglected nematode Lagochilascaris cf. minor, in addition to eggs and gravid proglottids of the cestode Spirometra mansoni. These findings represent the first report of zoonotic-relevant cestodes, i.e., D. caninum ("canine genotype"), S. mansoni, and the nematode L. cf. minor, in bush dogs and crab-eating foxes as final hosts. The occurrence of these zoonotic helminthiases in wild canid species calls for regular monitoring programs to better understand the epidemiology and transmission routes of neglected dipylidiasis, lagochilascariosis, and sparganosis in South America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Uribe
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
- CIBAV Research Group, Veterinary Medicine School, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jan Brabec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | | | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sutrave S, Richter MH. The Truman Show for Human Helminthic Parasites: A Review of Recent Advances in In Vitro Cultivation Platforms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1708. [PMID: 37512881 PMCID: PMC10384154 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, parasites and parasitic diseases have been humankind's constant companions, as evidenced by the findings of tapeworm eggs in ancient, mummified remains. Helminths are responsible for causing severe, long-term, and debilitating infectious diseases worldwide, especially affecting economically challenged nations due to prevailing deficits in access to sanitation, proper hygiene practices, and healthcare infrastructure. Socio-ecological drivers, such as poverty, migration, and climate change, continue to contribute to parasites and their disease vectors being spread beyond known endemic zones. The study of parasitic diseases has had a fair amount of success leading to the development of new chemotherapeutic agents and the implementation of parasite eradication programs. However, further progress in this direction has been hampered by the challenges of culturing some of these parasites in in vitro systems for efficient availability, basic life cycle, infection studies, and effectiveness of novel treatment strategies. The complexity of the existing models varies widely, depending on the parasite and its life cycle, ranging from basic culture methods to advanced 3D systems. This review aims to highlight the research conducted so far in culturing and maintaining parasites in an in vitro setting, thereby contributing to a better understanding of pathogenicity and generating new insights into their lifecycles in the hopes of leading to effective treatments and prevention strategies. This work is the first comprehensive outline of existing in vitro models for highly transmissible helminth diseases causing severe morbidity and mortality in humans globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Sutrave
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Heinrich Richter
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuchta R, Radačovská A, Čisovská Bazsalovicsová E, Králová-Hromadová I. Ups and downs of infections with the broad fish tapeworm Dibothriocephalus latus in Europe (Part II) and Asia from 1900 to 2020. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2023; 122:1-69. [PMID: 37657853 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The broad fish tapeworm, Dibothriocephalus latus (Diphyllobothriidea), is the most important causative agent of diphyllobothriosis, a fish-borne zoonosis, in Europe. Part I of this review focused on the occurrence of D. latus in northwestern and central Europe, particularly in Fennoscandia, the Baltic, the Alpine lakes and Danube River regions during 1900-2020. Part II summarises data on D. latus from the European and Asian parts of Russia and from Asian countries. The tapeworm has occurred throughout Russia, with the most important foci in (i) the Republic of Karelia in the northwest of European Russia, (ii) the Volga River basin in the central and southern parts of European Russia, (iii) the Ob-Irtysh rivers region in the Ural region, (iv) the Yenisei-Lena rivers region in Siberia, and (v) the Lake Baikal basin in Siberia. The incidence of diphyllobothriosis has declined in recent decades, especially in European Russia, but zoonosis is still prevalent in some regions of Siberia. Cases reported from Arctic regions, the region around Lake Baikal, and the Pacific coast, including the Amur basin, however, were probably misidentifications with D. dendriticus and/or D. nihonkaiensis. No other Asian country where D. latus findings represented either imported cases or misidentifications had natural focus of diphyllobothriosis. Patterns of distribution of D. latus occurrence were similar in all Eurasian foci between 1900 and 2020. The numbers of records were associated with historical and epidemiological milestones of particular time periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alžbeta Radačovská
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova, Košice, Slovakia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vettorazzi R, Norbis W, Martorelli SR, Garcia G, Rios N. First report of Spirometra (Eucestoda; Diphyllobothriidae) naturally occurring in a fish host. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2023; 70. [PMID: 37114794 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2023.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Spirometra Faust, Campbell et Kellogg, 1929 is a genus of cestodes belonging to the family Diphyllobothriidae. To date, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals are known second intermediate hosts of these parasites; humans can also be infected (the zoonotic disease is known as sparganosis or spirometrosis). Although the number of phylogenetic studies on Spirometra spp. has increased worldwide in recent years, there are few in South America. Specifically in Uruguay, molecular studies have shown that tapeworms of S. decipiens (Diesing, 1850) complexes 1 and 2 are present in this country. In this study, we characterised the larvae of Spirometra present in the annual fish Austrolebias charrua Costa et Cheffe. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of these larvae showed that they belong to S. decipiens complex 1. This is the first report of teleost fishes serving as a second intermediate host for tapeworms of the genus Spirometra in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Vettorazzi
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia de la Reproduccion y Ecologia de Peces, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Seccion Genetica Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Biologia Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay (present address)
| | - Walter Norbis
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia de la Reproduccion y Ecologia de Peces, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio R Martorelli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Garcia
- Seccion Genetica Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nestor Rios
- Seccion Genetica Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu D, Jin W, Ding H, Pang Y, Ma S, Yang M, Wu S, Jiang M, Pang L, Luo S, Ning Q. Spirometra mansoni sparganosis identified by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a case report. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 128:128-131. [PMID: 36592686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A 30-year-old male patient had a cyst on the left hip and progressive enlargement for more than 2 months. Combined blood tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathology findings, cysticercosis infection was suspected. However, the treatment for cysticercosis was ineffective. We conducted a metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis on the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimen of the patient's surgically excised tissue, and the results suggested Spirometra mansoni, mNGS was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. Based on these results, we found that mNGS provided a better method of diagnosing parasitic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diefei Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxiang Jin
- KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huarong Ding
- Department of burns and plastic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shasha Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuwen Wu
- KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Muliang Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingling Pang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuming Luo
- Infection Diseases Section of The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiuyue Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Brief Case: the Boy Who Cried Worm. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0055322. [PMID: 36700692 PMCID: PMC9879111 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00553-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
|
12
|
Sidorova TV, Kutyrev IA, Khabudaev KV, Sukhanova LV, Zheng Y, Dugarov ZN, Mazur OE. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the larval and adult stages of Dibothriocephalus dendriticus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea). Parasitol Res 2023; 122:145-156. [PMID: 36370234 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tapeworms of the genus Dibothriocephalus are widely distributed throughout the world, some of which are agents of human diphyllobothriasis, one of the most important fish-borne zoonoses caused by a cestode parasite. Genomic and transcriptomic data can be used to develop future diagnostic tools and epidemiological studies. The present work focuses on a comparative analysis of the transcriptomes of adult and plerocercoid D. dendriticus and the identification of their differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Transcriptome assembly and analysis yielded and annotated 35,129 unigenes, noting that 16,568 (47%) unigenes were not annotated in known databases, which may indicate a unique set of expressed transcripts for D. dendriticus. A total of 8022 differentially expressed transcripts were identified, including 3225 upregulated and 4797 downregulated differentially expressed transcripts from the plerocercoid and adult animals. The analysis of DEGs has shown that among the most differentially expressed genes, there are important genes characteristic of each stage. Thus, several genes are characteristic of D. dendriticus plerocercoids, including fatty acid-binding protein and ferritin. Among the most highly expressed DEGs of the adult stage of D. dendriticus is the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, in two putative isoforms. The analyses of GO and KEGG metabolic pathways revealed that a large number of the DEGs of D. dendriticus are associated with the biosynthesis of various substances such as arginine and folate, as well as with various metabolic pathways such as galactose metabolism, selenocompound metabolism, and phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism. This will contribute to further research aimed at identifying targets for new generation drugs and the development of specific vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuyana Valeryevna Sidorova
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 670047, Ulan-Ude, Russia.,Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Ivan Alexandrovich Kutyrev
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 670047, Ulan-Ude, Russia.
| | | | | | - Yadong Zheng
- Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhargal Nimaevich Dugarov
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 670047, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - Olga Evgenievna Mazur
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 670047, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu FF, Chen WQ, Liu W, Liu SS, Wang YX, Chen J, Cui J, Zhang X. Genetic structure of Spirometra mansoni (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) populations in China revealed by a Target SSR-seq method. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:485. [PMID: 36564786 PMCID: PMC9789593 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, the plerocercoid of the cestode Spirometra mansoni is the main causative agent of human and animal sparganosis. However, the population genetic structure of this parasite remains unclear. In this study, we genotyped S. mansoni isolates with the aim to improve current knowledge on the evolution and population diversity of this cestode. METHODS We first screened 34 perfect simple sequence repeats (SSRs) using all available omic data and then constructed target sequencing technology (Target SSR-seq) based on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. Next, a series of STRUCTURE. clustering, principal component, analysis of molecular variance and TreeMix analyses were performed on 362 worm samples isolated from 12 different hosts in 16 geographical populations of China to identify the genetic structure. RESULTS A total of 170 alleles were detected. The whole population could be organized and was found to be derived from the admixture of two ancestral clusters. TreeMix analysis hinted that possible gene flow occurred from Guizhou (GZ) to Sichuan (SC), SC to Jaingxi (JX), SC to Hubei (HB), GZ to Yunnan (YN) and GZ to Jiangsu (JS). Both neighbor-joining clustering and principal coordinate analysis showed that isolates from intermediate hosts tend to cluster together, while parasites from definitive hosts revealed greater genetic differences. Generally, a S. mansoni population was observed to harbor high genetic diversity, moderate genetic differentiation and a little genetic exchange among geographical populations. CONCLUSIONS A Target SSR-seq genotyping method was successfully developed, and an in-depth view of genetic diversity and genetic relationship will have important implications for the prevention and control of sparganosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang Xu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Wen Qing Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Wei Liu
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Sha Sha Liu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Yi Xing Wang
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Jing Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Jing Cui
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Xi Zhang
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morales A, Laird-Pérez RM, Capó V, Iglesias E, Fonte L, Plascencia-Hernández A, Calderón EJ, Eom KS, de Armas Y, Pérez-Gómez HR. Genetic and Morphological Identification of Spirometra decipiens in Snakes and Domestic Dog Found in Cuba. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121468. [PMID: 36558802 PMCID: PMC9780860 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirometra (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) affects humans and some species of domestic and wild animals which eventually interact with humans. In this article, we report three new cases of Spirometra decipiens (Diesing, 1850) infection observed in two intermediate hosts and one definitive host, in Cuba. Genetic and morphological identification of S. decipiens in two snakes and a domestic dog were carried out by molecular means and routine histological study using hematoxylin-eosin staining, respectively. Taken together, the anatomical location, the host species infected with the specimens and their morphological and genetic features, all the samples were identified as S. decipiens. In each of the three cases, PCR assays using specific primers amplified bands that corresponded to S. decipiens species. To our knowledge, this paper is the first report of S. decipiens in species of Cuban endemic fauna and in the Caribbean islands. These species constitute a real or potential risk of transmission of Spirometra to humans in Cuba.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Morales
- Pathology Department, Hospital Center, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí”, Havana 11400, Cuba
| | - Rebeca M. Laird-Pérez
- Teaching Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí”, Havana 11400, Cuba
| | - Virginia Capó
- Pathology Department, Hospital Center, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí”, Havana 11400, Cuba
| | - Enrique Iglesias
- Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología, Habana 11400, Cuba
| | - Luis Fonte
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí”, Havana 11400, Cuba
| | | | - Enrique J. Calderón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Keeseon S. Eom
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaxsier de Armas
- Pathology Department, Hospital Center, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí”, Havana 11400, Cuba
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Diagnosis, Hospital Center, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí”, Havana 11400, Cuba
| | - Héctor R. Pérez-Gómez
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-333-808-0396
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brabec J, Uribe M, Chaparro-Gutiérrez JJ, Hermosilla C. Presence of Spirometra mansoni, Causative Agent of Sparganosis, in South America. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2347-2350. [PMID: 36286232 PMCID: PMC9622250 DOI: 10.3201/eid2811.220529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report molecular identification of an adult Spirometra mansoni tapeworm retrieved from a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in Colombia, confirming presence of this parasite in South America. This tapeworm is the causative agent of human sparganosis, commonly reported from Southeast Asia, and represents the second congeneric species with known zoonotic potential in the Americas.
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu SN, Su XY, Chen WQ, Yu JW, Li JR, Jiang P, Cui J, Wang ZQ, Zhang X. Transcriptome profiling of plerocercoid and adult developmental stages of the neglected medical tapeworm Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106483. [PMID: 35469749 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The plerocercoid larvae of the tapeworm Spirometra erinaceieuropaei can parasitize humans and animals and cause serious parasitic zoonosis. However, our knowledge of the developmental process of S. erinaceieuropaei is still inadequate. To better characterize differential and specific genes and pathways associated with parasite development, a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the plerocercoid stage and the adult stage was performed using RNA-seq and de novo analysis. Approximately 13,659 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in plerocercoids versus adults, of which 6455 DEGs were upregulated and 7204 were downregulated. DEGs involved in parasite immunoevasion were more active in plerocercoid larvae than in adults, while DEGs associated with metabolic activity were upregulated in adults. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) analyses revealed that most DEGs involved in protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and the Wnt signalling pathway were much more active in plerocercoid larvae. The molecular functions of upregulated unigenes in adults were mainly enriched for metabolic activities. qPCR validated that the expression levels of 10 selected DEGs were consistent with those in RNA-seq, confirming the accuracy of the RNA-seq results. Our results contributed to increasing the knowledge on the S. erinaceieuropaei gene repertoire and expression profile and also provide valuable resources for functional studies on the molecular mechanisms of S. erinaceieuropaei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Nan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao Yi Su
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wen Qing Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin Wei Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Ru Li
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rubilar A, Torres P, Year H, Leyan V, Silva R. First Report of Zoonotic Tapeworms, Dibothriocephalus latus (Linnaeus, 1758) and D. dendriticus (Nitzsch, 1824), and Other Endohelminth Parasites in Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in Chile. COMP PARASITOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1654/copa-d-20-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Rubilar
- Instituto de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Edificio de Ciencias Biomédicas, Campus Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (e-mail: ),
| | - Patricio Torres
- Instituto de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Edificio de Ciencias Biomédicas, Campus Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile (e-mail: ),
| | - Helene Year
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Université de Paris, Institut Cochin (U1016 Inserm/UMR8104 CNRS/UMR-S8104), Paris, France (e-mail: ),
| | - Victor Leyan
- Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Edificio de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile (e-mail: ), and
| | - Ricardo Silva
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Silva P, Dasanayake T, Jayasekara D, Dharmarathne C, Mahaulpatha D. First Record of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei spargana Infection in Amphibians of South Asia: A Causative Agent of Surficial Abnormalities. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2022; 17:402-409. [PMID: 36466015 PMCID: PMC9682375 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v17i3.10631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparganosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Plerocercoid larvae (spargana) of the genus Spirometra. We aimed to provide molecular evidence for the infection of amphibians with Spirometra sp. in the inside and outside of Horton Plains National Park (HPNP), Sri Lanka. METHODS The prevalence of sparganum infection in wild frogs (Truga eques and Minverya agricola) was investigated in the inside and outside of HPNP from June 2019 to April 2021.A total of 1,434 Amphibians samples were surveyed to examine the spargana infection from the study site. To identify the species identity of the collected spargana, a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and nuclear 18S rRNA gene were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 539 infected amphibians (T. eques and M. agricola) samples were examined to survey from the study area. Spargana were detected in all dissected specimens belonging to the species Spirometra erinaceieuropaei that were genetically confirmed using the evolutionary conserved nuclear 18S rRNA gene and then compared to the GenBank deposit, indicating that S. erinaceieuropaei is the primary causal agent of sparganosis both inside and outside the HPNP. CONCLUSION Our finding is the first genetically confirmed record of S. erinaceieuropaei in amphibians in South Asia. However, further studies are needed to investigate the prevalence of sparagna infection in amphibians all over the island.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth Silva
- Department of Oral Biology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tharanga Dasanayake
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Dulan Jayasekara
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Dharshani Mahaulpatha
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gong T, Su X, Li F, He J, Chen S, Li W, Xie X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu W. Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Spirometra Tapeworm Isolates from Snakes in Hunan Province, China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1216. [PMID: 35565642 PMCID: PMC9101633 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis, caused by the plerocercoid larvae of Spirometra tapeworms, is a public health hazard worldwide. The prevalence and genetics of sparganum from snakes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of sparganum infection in wild snakes in Hunan province and compared the prevalence of Spirometra tapeworms in snakes worldwide. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of collected isolates was analyzed using mitochondrial cytb and cox1 genes. The result shows that the sparganum infection rate in wild snakes (89.50%, 402/449) was higher in Hunan than in other regions. Genetic diversity analysis based on concatenated sequences revealed high genetic diversity but no distinct genetic structure among Spirometra populations. Phylogenetic analysis supported the division of European and Chinese Spirometra isolates and a single species in Chinese Spirometra isolates. The prevalence of Spirometra tapeworms in snakes is serious, and the risk of sparganosis should be further publicized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfang Gong
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoyi Su
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Fen Li
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Junlin He
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenchao Li
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xinrui Xie
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yisong Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Wei Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (F.L.); (J.H.); (S.C.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, Changsha 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Biserova NM, Mustafina AR, Raikova OI. The neuro-glandular brain of the Pyramicocephalus phocarum plerocercoid (Cestoda, Diphyllobothriidea): immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. ZOOLOGY 2022; 152:126012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2022.126012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
21
|
Čisovská Bazsalovicsová E, Radačovská A, Lavikainen A, Kuchta R, Králová-Hromadová I. Genetic interrelationships of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), the causative agent of sparganosis in Europe. Parasite 2022; 29:8. [PMID: 35148496 PMCID: PMC8837384 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The geographic distribution of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), the causative agent of food/water-borne sparganosis, is restricted to Europe, where infected canids, felids, mustelids, suids, and reptiles have been documented from Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, and Finland. The main objective of the current study was to map the molecular divergence of S. erinaceieuropaei from Finland using the complete sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1 mtDNA). Seven cox1 haplotypes were determined in 15 tapeworms from Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) from three localities in southern Finland. In addition, the first inter-population study of S. erinaceieuropaei based on currently obtained data on cox1 from Finland and previously published data from Finland, Latvia, Ukraine, and Poland, was performed. The haplotype network showed a star-like pattern without specific subdivision of lineages according to the locality. Samples from Finland, Latvia, and Poland shared several haplotypes and formed the common Baltic lineage. The haplotype of S. erinaceieuropaei from Ukraine was unique and placed on a separate mutational pathway, suggesting a different lineage of the parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alžbeta Radačovská
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Antti Lavikainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences (Veterinary Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scholz T, Kuchta R, Oros M. Tapeworms as pathogens of fish: A review. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1883-1900. [PMID: 34529835 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tapeworms (Cestoda) represents a species rich (about 5000 species) group of flatworms (Neodermata) parasitizing all groups of vertebrates including humans, with about 1000 species parasitizing elasmobranchs and almost 500 occurring in teleosts as adults. They are common parasites of cultured fish, both as adults and larvae (metacestodes), but only few adult tapeworms are actually pathogenic for their fish hosts. In contrast, cestode larvae can be harmful for fish, especially plerocercoids migrating throughout their tissue and internal organs. Current knowledge of host-parasite relationships, including immune response of fish infected with tapeworms, is still insufficient to enable adequate control of cestodoses, and most data available were obtained several decades ago. Treatment of fish infected with adult tapeworms is effective, especially with praziquantel, whereas the treatment of metacestodes is problematic. Control measures include interruption of the complex life cycle and prevention of transport of uninspected fish to new region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yudhana A, Praja RN, Kartikasari AM. Sparganosis ( Spirometra spp.) in Asian Water Monitor ( Varanus salvator): A medical implications for veterinarians, breeders, and consumers. Vet World 2021; 14:2482-2487. [PMID: 34840469 PMCID: PMC8613787 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2482-2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The high prevalence of sparganosis has been reported globally, especially in Asian countries where the majority of individuals consume raw meat from wild-caught reptiles. In Indonesia, similar cases regarding the high prevalence of sparganosis were recorded from wild reptiles such as snakes that utilized for culinary purposes, whereas, there are no data regarding other species such as water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), which also provided as daily culinary with a high number of trades. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of sparganosis in water monitor lizard (V. salvator), which is frequently utilized as culinary products in East Java Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods A total of 313 living wild-caught and captive-bred Asian water monitor lizards were collected from the reptile markets and breeders. All samples were euthanized and observed for the presence of plerocercoid. Identification of the plerocercoid as larval infective stage was made using carmine staining method. Results The total prevalence of sparganosis was recorded at 69.64%. A total of 393 plerocercoids were collected in which divided 280 (71.24%) infecting muscles and 113 (28.75%) located in subcutaneous tissues. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this study not only recorded as the first evidence but also confirms the role of monitor lizards as sparganosis transmitters in Asia and reveals additional routes of sparganosis transmission in Indonesian reptiles. Local conservation laws should be strengthened to effectively control or ban wildlife trade in traditional markets. Moreover, public awareness regarding sparganosis as a neglected zoonotic disease should be applied to prevent disease transmission in Indonesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Yudhana
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Novita Praja
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Anjani Marisa Kartikasari
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hernández-Orts JS, Scholz T. IMPORTANCE OF MUSEUM SPECIMENS: RESOLVING THE TAXONOMIC PUZZLE OF HUMAN-INFECTING BROAD TAPEWORMS DESCRIBED BY O. NYBELIN IN 1931, AND REDESCRIPTION OF THE TYPES OF ADENOCEPHALUS PACIFICUS. J Parasitol 2021; 107:838-840. [PMID: 34727166 DOI: 10.1645/21-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To avoid confusions related to the resurrection of AdenocephalusNybelin, 1931 (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea), the type material of the Pacific broad tapeworm, Adenocephalus pacificusNybelin, 1931, which also infects humans, is morphologically characterized. Transverse protuberances on the ventral side of proglottids anterior to gonopores, which are a diagnostic feature of the genus, are illustrated for the first time. The present study supports the importance of a study of type material even in the 'molecular era' of taxonomy, where the value of morphology is often underestimated. It also points out the need for specimen deposition in publicly accessible collections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Servando Hernández-Orts
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bouchard É, Schurer JM, Kolapo T, Wagner B, Massé A, Locke SA, Leighton P, Jenkins EJ. Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes ( Vulpes vulpes), coyotes ( Canis latrans) and wolves ( Canis lupus) in Québec, Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2021; 16:126-137. [PMID: 34552844 PMCID: PMC8441108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Wild canids are hosts to a wide range of parasites and can play a role in transmission of zoonoses. As many parasites are transmitted through food webs, and wild canids are at high trophic levels, parasite prevalence and diversity in wild canids can serve as excellent indicators of ecosystem health. Our main objectives were to update knowledge on the composition of gastrointestinal helminths in wild canids from Québec, Canada, and to describe differences in parasite prevalence and diversity among canid species and regions. Hunters and trappers provided whole carcasses of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) (N = 176), and intestinal tracts of coyotes (Canis latrans) (N = 77) and gray wolves (Canis lupus) (N = 23) harvested for non-research purposes over the winter of 2016-2017. A modified Stoll's centrifugation sucrose flotation on feces of 250 wild canids was used, and eggs of one family and eight genera of parasitic helminths were recovered: diphyllobothriids, Taenia/Echinococcus spp., Capillaria spp., Toxascaris sp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., Uncinaria sp., and Metorchis sp. Adult Taenia spp. cestodes were recovered from 61 of 276 (22%) canids. Six different species (T. hydatigena, T. twitchelli, T. crassiceps, T. polyacantha, T. krabbei, and T. pisiformis-"like") were differentiated based on DNA sequenced from 65 individual adult cestodes using primers for the nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) mitochondrial DNA loci. Alaria sp. trematodes infected 89 of 276 canids (32%). A subset were identified as A. americana at the CO1 locus. The marine trematode Cryptocotyle lingua was reported for the first time in foxes in the province of Québec. These results help us understand more fully the predator-prey relationships within this group of canids. This baseline data in regional parasite prevalence and intensity is critical in order to detect future changes following ecological disturbances due to climate and landscape alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Bouchard
- University of Saskatchewan, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.,Research Group on Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Janna M Schurer
- University of Global Health Equity, Center for One Health, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Temitope Kolapo
- University of Saskatchewan, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Brent Wagner
- University of Saskatchewan, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Ariane Massé
- Ministère des Forêts, de La Faune et des Parcs, 880 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1S 4X4, Canada.,Research Group on Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Sean A Locke
- University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Biology, Box 9000, Mayagüez 00681, 9000, Puerto Rico
| | - Patrick Leighton
- Research Group on Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Emily J Jenkins
- University of Saskatchewan, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Patterson QM, Kraberger S, Martin DP, Shero MR, Beltran RS, Kirkham AL, Aleamotu'a M, Ainley DG, Kim S, Burns JM, Varsani A. Circoviruses and cycloviruses identified in Weddell seal fecal samples from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:105070. [PMID: 34481994 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Circoviridae is a family of circular single-stranded DNA viruses whose members infect a wide variety of hosts. While well characterized in avian and mammalian hosts, little is known about circoviruses associated with Antarctic animals. From 48 Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) fecal samples collected on the sea ice in McMurdo between Nov 2014 and Dec 2014, we identified and determined the genomes of novel viruses that fall within two genera of the family Circoviridae, i.e. Circovirus (n = 7) and Cyclovirus (n = 45). We named these viruses as werosea circovirus (WerCV) and werosea cyclovirus (WerCyV). The genomes of WerCV and WerCyV share ~63-64% genome-wide pairwise identity with classified circoviruses and cycloviruses, respectively. Based on the species demarcation threshold of 80% for members of the Circoviridae, the genomes of WerCV and WerCyV represent new species in their respective genera. Evidence indicated recombination in five of the 45 WerCyV genomes identified in this study. These are the first circoviruses found associated with Antarctic pinnipeds, adding to those recently identified associated with Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap penguins (P. antarcticus).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn M Patterson
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Darren P Martin
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Michelle R Shero
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Roxanne S Beltran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Amy L Kirkham
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - Maketalena Aleamotu'a
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | | | - Stacy Kim
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Jennifer M Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen S, Gan Z, Li Z, Li Y, Ma X, Chen M, Qu B, Ding S, Su S. Occurrence and risk assessment of anthelmintics in Tuojiang River in Sichuan, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112360. [PMID: 34058680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, emerging pollutants, such as anthelmintics have attracted an increasing attention worldwide due to their extensive use and notable stability. However, the information on anthelmintics in the environment of southwest China is scarce. Thus, the occurrence, ecological risk and exposure evaluation of nineteen anthelmintics in Tuojiang River, which is one of the largest tributaries of Yangtze River, and drinking water source of Sichuan, southwest China, were investigated. The result showed that the detection frequency of anthelmintics was relatively high in Tuojiang River, ranging from 65% to 100% in river water. Among the seven kinds of anthelmintics, benzimidazoles are the primary anthelmintics, with concentrations up to 61.12 ng/L and 596.06 ng/g in water and sediment of the Tuojiang river, respectively. The total concentration of 19 anthelmintics in sediment samples from non-agricultural area was higher than that in agricultural area(p = 0.000 < 0.05). This could be attributed to anthropogenic activities, which lead to greater discharge and accumulation of anthelmintics in residential area along the river. It's worth to mention that the highest total concentrations of anthelmintics (109.28 ng/L) was found at the junction of rivers in R31 site. The results could be ascribed to the complexity of junction of Tuojiang River and Yangtze River, which could influence the distribution of pollutant. Besides, the ecological risk assessment showed that the macrocyclic lactones rather than benzimidazoles had relatively high toxicity to non-target organisms in aquatic environment (p = 0.000 < 0.05), with the highest RQEcotox value of 101 for Daphnia magna, while benzimidazoles had relatively high concentrations. The exposure risk could be ignored for both children and adults because the daily intake of anthelmintics via water ingestion were below 10 ng/kg/d. In addition, strong correlations were found between sucralose and most of the selected anthelmintics in Tuojiang River, indicating that sucralose might be a good tracer to evaluated the source of anthelmintics in surface water. This study provides the levels, risks and even some tracer information of pollutants for better understanding of anthelmintics in southwest China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mengqin Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bing Qu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sanglan Ding
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shijun Su
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fraija-Fernández N, Waeschenbach A, Briscoe AG, Hocking S, Kuchta R, Nyman T, Littlewood DTJ. Evolutionary transitions in broad tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) revealed by mitogenome and nuclear ribosomal operon phylogenetics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107262. [PMID: 34273503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Broad tapeworms (Diphyllobothriidea) are parasites whose adults are capable of infecting a wide range of freshwater, marine and terrestrial tetrapods including humans. Previous works examining the evolution of habitat and host use in this group have been hampered by the lack of a well-resolved phylogeny. In order to produce a robust phylogenetic framework for diphyllobothriideans, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of 13 representatives, carefully chosen to cover the major clades, and two outgroup species representing the Spathebothriidea and Haplobothriidea. In addition, complementary data from the nuclear ribosomal operon was sequenced for 10 representative taxa. Mitogenomes and ssrDNA and lsrDNA were used towards elucidating the phylogenetic framework for the Diphyllobothriidea. The Cephalochlamydidae is confirmed as the earliest diverging diphyllobothriidean lineage, and Solenophoridae and Diphyllobothriidae are sister groups. We infer a probable freshwater origin of the diphyllobothriideans. The ancestral condition for life cycle complexity could not be unambiguously resolved. However, we infer exclusive use of a three-host life cycle following the origin of the Solenophoridae + Diphyllobothriidae. Regarding definitive host use, although we infer reptiles as the most likely ancestral condition, this result should be revisited with a more densely sampled phylogeny in future studies. Freshwater habitat is used by the early diverging lineages within the Solenophoridae + Diphyllobothriidae clade. For the latter, habitat use shifts between freshwater and marine environments, and definitive host use includes marine and terrestrial mammals and birds. We use mitochondrial genomes to distinguish Schistocephalus species occurring in different species of sticklebacks and demonstrate conspecificity of Ligula cf. intestinalis specimens collected from two Fennoscandian ringed seal subspecies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fraija-Fernández
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Andrew G Briscoe
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Hocking
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanvik, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nyman T, Papadopoulou E, Ylinen E, Wutke S, Michell CT, Sromek L, Sinisalo T, Andrievskaya E, Alexeev V, Kunnasranta M. DNA barcoding reveals different cestode helminth species in northern European marine and freshwater ringed seals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2021; 15:255-261. [PMID: 34277335 PMCID: PMC8261468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Three subspecies of the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) are found in northeastern Europe: P. h. botnica in the Baltic Sea, P. h saimensis in Lake Saimaa in Finland, and P. h. ladogensis in Lake Ladoga in Russia. We investigated the poorly-known cestode helminth communities of these closely related but ecologically divergent subspecies using COI barcode data. Our results show that, while cestodes from the Baltic Sea represent Schistocephalus solidus, all worms from the two lakes are identified as Ligula intestinalis, a species that has previously not been reported from seals. The observed shift in cestode communities appears to be driven by differential availability of intermediate fish host species in marine vs. freshwater environments. Both observed cestode species normally infect fish-eating birds, so further work is required to elucidate the health and conservation implications of cestode infections in European ringed seals, whether L. intestinalis occurs also in marine ringed seals, and whether the species is able to reproduce in seal hosts. In addition, a deep barcode divergence found within S. solidus suggests the presence of cryptic diversity under this species name. COI barcoding reveals different cestodes in marine and freshwater ringed seals. Ligula intestinalis is reported for the first time from seals. A deep barcode divergence is found within Schistocephalus solidus in the Baltic Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Nyman
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanvik, Norway
| | - Elena Papadopoulou
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Eeva Ylinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Saskia Wutke
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Craig T Michell
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ludmila Sromek
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Tuula Sinisalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | | | - Mervi Kunnasranta
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Joensuu, Finland.,Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim J, Ock Y, Yang K, Choe S, Park KM, Lee WK, Choi KC, Kim S, Kwak D, Lee SH. First Clinical Cases of Spirometrosis in Two Cats in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:153-157. [PMID: 33951771 PMCID: PMC8106990 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the first two clinical cases of spirometrosis caused by Spirometra sp. in cats in Korea. In these two cases, the cats vomited, and long proglottids of tapeworm were recovered. The sick cats presented with anorexia and lethargy. However, they unexpectedly showed no diarrhea, which is the main symptom of spirometrosis. Based on a fecal floatation test as well as morphological and molecular analyses, the parasite was diagnosed as Spirometra sp. The 2 cases were treated with praziquantel. This study suggests regular monitoring of health and deworming in companion animals, even when animals are well cared for, with regular preventive medication. Additionally, spirometrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases of gastrointestinal symptoms in Spirometra endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joohyung Kim
- Shinsegae Animal Medical Center, Yangsan 50653, Korea
| | - Younsung Ock
- Myeonggok Station Animal Hospital, Daegu 42956, Korea
| | - Kihwan Yang
- Shinsegae Animal Medical Center, Yangsan 50653, Korea
| | - Seongjun Choe
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Research Center and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Wan-Kyu Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Soochong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hernández-Orts JS, Kuzmina TA, Gomez-Puerta LA, Kuchta R. Diphyllobothrium sprakeri n. sp. (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae): a hidden broad tapeworm from sea lions off North and South America. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:219. [PMID: 33888151 PMCID: PMC8063393 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The systematic of several marine diphyllobothriid tapeworms of pinnipeds has been revised in recent years. However, 20 species of Diphyllobothrium from phocids and otariids are still recognized as incertae sedis. We describe a new species of Diphyllobothrium from the intestine of California sea lions Zalophus californianus (Lesson) (type-host) and South American sea lions Otaria flavescens (Shaw). METHODS Zalophus californianus from the Pacific coast of the USA and O. flavescens from Peru and Argentina were screened for parasites. Partial fragments of the large ribosomal subunit gene (lsrDNA) and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mitochondrial gene were amplified for 22 isolates. Properly fixed material from California sea lions was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS A total of four lsrDNA and 21 cox1 sequences were generated and aligned with published sequences of other diphyllobothriid taxa. Based on cox1 sequences, four diphyllobothriid tapeworms from O. flavescens in Peru were found to be conspecific with Adenocephalus pacificus Nybelin, 1931. The other newly generated sequences fall into a well-supported clade with sequences of a putative new species previously identified as Diphyllobothrium sp. 1. from Z. californianus and O. flavescens. A new species, Diphyllobothrium sprakeri n. sp., is proposed for tapeworms of this clade. CONCLUSIONS Diphyllobothrium sprakeri n. sp. is the first diphyllobothriid species described from Z. californianus from the Pacific coast of North America, but O. flavescens from Argentina, Chile and Peru was confirmed as an additional host. The present study molecularly confirmed the first coinfection of two diphyllobothriid species in sea lions from the Southern Hemisphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús S Hernández-Orts
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Tetiana A Kuzmina
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, 15, Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine
| | - Luis A Gomez-Puerta
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Av. Circunvalación 2800, San Borja, 41 Lima, Peru
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ando Y, Ono Y, Ono S. Diphyllobothriasis from Eating Sushi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1953-1954. [PMID: 33844646 PMCID: PMC8176519 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ando
- 1Department of General Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.,2Department of Family Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ono
- 1Department of General Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ono
- 3Department of Eat-loss Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bagrade G, Králová-Hromadová I, Bazsalovicsová E, Radačovská A, Kołodziej-Sobocińska M. The first records of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae), a causative agent of human sparganosis, in Latvian wildlife. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:365-371. [PMID: 33174072 PMCID: PMC7846523 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diphyllobothriid tapeworms of the genus Spirometra are causative agents of sparganosis, food-borne zoonotic parasitic disease. They have been recorded in broad spectrum of hosts, including humans, in all continents except Antarctica. Spirometra tapeworms have been intensively studied in several Asian countries; however, they have been rather neglected in Europe. The aim of this study was to provide a pilot screening of Spirometra spp. in Latvia, where data on sparganosis are not available. Tapeworms morphologically identified as diphyllobothriid species were isolated from grey wolves Canis lupus and Eurasian lynxes Lynx lynx from Latvia during the hunting periods 2013-2019. The parasites were subjected to molecular genotyping using sequences of the partial large (LSU rDNA; 615 bp) and small (SSU rDNA; 720 bp) subunits of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene and complete (1566 bp) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of the mitochondrial DNA (cox1 mtDNA). Analyses of both ribosomal subunits of 13 tapeworms revealed no intraspecific variation within the respective rDNA subunits. On the other hand, sequence analysis of mitochondrial cox1 revealed intraspecific polymorphism displayed by 12 cox1 haplotypes. Comparison of the current data with sequences of the corresponding DNA regions deposited in the GenBank revealed 99.3-99.5% (LSU rDNA), 99.2% (SSU rDNA) and 99.6-100% (cox1 mtDNA) identity of studied tapeworms with Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, which provided the first confirmation of this diphyllobothriid tapeworm in Latvia. Since S. erinaceieuropaei is probably prevalent in Latvian wildlife and may also occur in other potential host species, further studies are needed in order to acquire complex data on its geographic distribution and transmission in the natural environment of Latvia, as well as on the spectrum of its intermediate, paratenic, and definitive hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guna Bagrade
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Rigas 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
| | | | - Eva Bazsalovicsová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alžbeta Radačovská
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abe N, Baba T, Nakamura Y, Murakami S. Global analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene variation in Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae). CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2021; 1:100042. [PMID: 35284872 PMCID: PMC8906100 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cestode Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (syns. Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense and Diphyllobothrium klebanovskii), the broad fish tapeworm, is a parasitic agent of intestinal infection acquired by consumption of raw or undercooked Pacific salmon, Onchorhynchus spp. Sequencing studies conducted about a decade ago revealed the presence of two major lineages (A and B) in the broad fish tapeworm population within Asian coastal areas. However, in spite of the accumulation of sequence data on GenBank recently, no further genetic analyses of D. nihonkaiensis have been attempted. The present study assessed for the first time the global cox1 variation in D. nihonkaiensis. Novel partial cox1 sequences of 14 isolates of D. nihonkaiensis from 12 patients were generated, and a global genetic analysis was performed using the 14 novel and 79 previously published sequences for isolates from definitive and second intermediate hosts of this species was performed. A total of 48 haplotypes of three haplotype groups (Types A, B and C) were identified, and co-infections with genetically different D. nihonkaiensis were highlighted in humans and Pacific salmon. First global analysis of cox1 variation in Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis. First application of haplotype network analysis for a D. nihonkaiensis population. A total of 48 haplotypes of three haplotype groups (Type A, B and C) are identified. Co-infections with heterogenic isolates in definitive and intermediate hosts are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niichiro Abe
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 8-34 Tojo-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543–0026, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Takashi Baba
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 8-34 Tojo-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543–0026, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shintaro Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Himeji Medical Center, 68 Hon-Machi, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dupouy-Camet J, Gay M, Houin R. [New eating habits, new parasitic risks: The example of fish]. BULLETIN DE L'ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MEDECINE 2020; 204:1010-1016. [PMID: 33078025 PMCID: PMC7550275 DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the past decades, the massive explosion of "Japanese" restaurants serving raw fish popularised new culinary habits in France. At the same time, consumers have made a habit of preparing raw or pickled fish dishes themselves at home. As a result, the identification of live parasitic worm larvae in raw fish flesh is common and a source of concern for professionals or amateur cooks. Sometimes, these worms are spit out or removed after fibroscopy in patients developing severe epigastric pain quickly after eating raw fish. This paper is aiming at having a quick review of the main parasites transmitted to humans by eating raw fish in France. METHODS This article is based on the personal experience of the authors, on references preferentially from the French literature and on the results of the Fish Parasites (ANR) research program. RESULTS From 2011 to 2014, Fish-Parasites (ANR) assessed the prevalence of parasitism in sea and freshwater fish belonging to 29 species. About 57% of sea fish were parasitised by Anisakidae. Larvae of Dibothriocephalus latus were found in pike, perch, and burbot in Lake Geneva but in none of the fish examined from Annecy or Le Bourget lakes. Concerning human anisakidosis, a retrospective survey was carried out in the years 2010 to 2014 among all medical parasitology laboratories from university hospitals in France. Thirty-seven cases of anisakidosis have been reported, including 18 cases of allergic anisakidosis. Six additional cases of severe Anisakidae allergy were reported to the National Allergovigilance Network over the same period. CONCLUSIONS Despite the increase in consumption of raw fish, and compared to previous studies, cases of anisakidosis are decreasing, but their allergenic potential is increasing. The incidence of dibothriocephalosis, after some trend of emergence on the shores of Lake Geneva some 20 years ago, is currently decreasing, but sporadic cases of importation are still reported. Actions with professionals (investigation, providing of information) and research programs on management of parasitic risk control are being pursued and have resulted in an update of the technical instruction of the French General Directorate for Food on the control of parasitic risk in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Dupouy-Camet
- Professeur Émérite, faculté de médecine de l'université de Paris, 15, rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - M Gay
- Chef d'unité adjoint, ANSES, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - R Houin
- Professeur honoraire, faculté de médecine de Créteil, ancien président de l'Académie vétérinaire de France, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
McCosker C, Flanders K, Ono K, Dufault M, Mellone D, Olson Z. Metabarcoding Fecal DNA Reveals Extent of Halichoerus grypus (Gray Seal) Foraging on Invertebrates and Incidence of Parasite Exposure. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2020. [DOI: 10.1656/045.027.0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina McCosker
- School of Marine Programs, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005
| | - Kelly Flanders
- School of Marine Programs, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005
| | - Kathryn Ono
- School of Marine Programs, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005
| | - Michelle Dufault
- School of Marine Programs, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005
| | - Dominique Mellone
- School of Marine Programs, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005
| | - Zachary Olson
- Department of Psychology, Animal Behavior Program, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME 04005
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kondzior E, Kowalczyk R, Tokarska M, Borowik T, Zalewski A, Kołodziej-Sobocińska M. Multispecies reservoir of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothridae) in carnivore communities in north-eastern Poland. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:560. [PMID: 33168087 PMCID: PMC7654582 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spirometra erinaceieuropaei is a diphylobothriid tapeworm with a complex life-cycle including definitive, intermediate and paratenic (transport) hosts. Multiple routes of parasite transmission often make it impossible to determine what type of host a specific infected animal is considered to be. Spargana larvae cause sparganosis, a severe food- and water-borne disease mainly found in Asia. In Poland, Spirometra sp. was reported in large carnivores in Białowieża Primeval Forest for the first time in the 1940s and was recently confirmed as S. erinaceieuropaei in several mammals and snakes using molecular methods. Methods In total, 583 carcasses of 9 carnivore species were necropsied between 2013 and 2019 in north-eastern (NE) Poland. The larvae of S. erinaceieuropaei (spargana) were isolated from subcutaneous tissue, counted, and preserved for genetic analyses. We calculated the prevalence and intensity of infection. To assess spatial variation in S. erinaceieuropaei infection probability in NE Poland, we applied a generalized additive model (GAM) with binomial error distribution. To confirm the species affiliation of isolated larvae, we amplified a partial fragment of the 18S rRNA gene (240 bp in length). Results Spirometra larvae were found in the subcutaneous tissue of 172 animals of 7 species and confirmed genetically as S. erinaceieuropaei. The overall prevalence in all studied hosts was 29.5% with a mean infection intensity of 14.1 ± 33.8 larvae per individual. Native European badgers and invasive raccoon dogs were characterized by the highest prevalence. An analysis of parasite spread showed a spatially diversified probability of infection with the highest values occurring in the biodiversity hot spot, Białowieża Primeval Forest. Conclusions Our study revealed that various mammal species (both native and non-native) can serve as S. erinaceieuropaei reservoirs. The frequency and level of infection may differ between selected hosts and likely depend on host diversity and habitat structure in a given area. Further studies are needed to assess the distribution of the parasite throughout Europe and the environmental and biological factors influencing infection severity in wild mammals.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Kondzior
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland. .,Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Rafał Kowalczyk
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tokarska
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Tomasz Borowik
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zalewski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
McHale B, Callahan RT, Paras KL, Weber M, Kimbrell L, Velázquez-Jiménez Y, McManamon R, Howerth EW, Verocai GG. Sparganosis due to Spirometra sp. (cestoda; Diphyllobothriidae) in captive meerkats ( Suricata suricatta). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2020; 13:186-190. [PMID: 33134078 PMCID: PMC7591330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report three cases of sparganosis due to plerocercoids of the tapeworm Spirometra sp. in captive meerkats (Suricata suricatta) from a zoo exhibit in the southeastern United States. Two meerkats were euthanized, one due to an uncontrollable seizure and the other due to trauma, and at necropsy cysts containing cestode larvae were observed. A third meerkat had a subcutaneous nodule surgically removed, which contained similar larvae. The third animal died years later, and had numerous cestode larvae in the pleural and peritoneal cavities. The larvae were morphologically identified as plerocercoids of diphyllobothriidean cestodes. On necropsy, multiple nodules, ranging in size from 2.5 to 3.0 cm, were observed in the subcutaneous tissue and muscles. Multifocally, separating skeletal muscle fibers were longitudinal and transversal sections of cestode larva. Histologically, parasitic cysts contained large numbers of neutrophils and macrophages, admixed with proteinaceous material. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that specimens from one of the meerkats belonged to the genus Spirometra and was closely related to Spirometra plerocercoids isolated from a snake from the United States and wild felids from South America. Meerkats likely became infected by ingesting infected second intermediate hosts, such as amphibians and reptiles that may have entered the exhibit. Management practices that minimize access of meerkats and other susceptible hosts to intermediate hosts should be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany McHale
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - R Trey Callahan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelsey L Paras
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Martha Weber
- Riverbanks Zoo & Garden, 500 Wildlife Parkway, Columbia, SC 29210, USA
| | - Lisa Kimbrell
- Riverbanks Zoo & Garden, 500 Wildlife Parkway, Columbia, SC 29210, USA
| | - Yanet Velázquez-Jiménez
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Puebla. Calle 21 Sur 1103, Barrio Santiago, 72410, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rita McManamon
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Guilherme G Verocai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia. 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Arrabal JP, Pérez MG, Arce LF, Kamenetzky L. First identification and molecular phylogeny of Sparganum proliferum from endangered felid ( Panthera onca) and other wild definitive hosts in one of the regions with highest worldwide biodiversity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2020; 13:142-149. [PMID: 33083226 PMCID: PMC7554206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
After decades of being neglected, broad tapeworms now attract growing attention thanks to the increasing number of reports from humans but also thanks to many advancements achieved by application of molecular methods in diagnosis and epidemiological studies. Regarding sparganosis, unfortunately general uniformity of most species, their high intraspecific variability and lack of agreement among researchers has led to confusion about the classification of Spirometra/Sparganum species. For the first time we determined adult, eggs and plerocercoid life cycle stages and the molecular phylogeny of Sparganum proliferum obtained from endangered wild felids (Panthera onca, Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus guttulus and Herpailurus yagoauroundi) in one of the largest continuous remnants of worldwide biodiversity, the Atlantic Forest from South America. Our results showed that at least 57% of total species of wild felids in this natural area could act as definitive hosts of Sparganum proliferum. We conclude that the availability of more morphological characteristics are needed in order to secure reliable characterization and diagnosis of sparganosis. The integration of these data with molecular analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences will be useful for species discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Arrabal
- INMet, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Neuquén y Jujuy S/n (3370), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA), Bertoni 85, CP 3370, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Matías Gastón Pérez
- IMPAM-UBA-CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13 (1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Federico Arce
- IMPAM-UBA-CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13 (1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Kamenetzky
- IMPAM-UBA-CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13 (1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kuchta R, Kołodziej-Sobocińska M, Brabec J, Młocicki D, Sałamatin R, Scholz T. Sparganosis (Spirometra) in Europe in the Molecular Era. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 72:882-890. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sparganosis is a relatively neglected foodborne and waterborne disease caused by species of the tapeworm genus Spirometra, the global distribution of which has not been sufficiently recognized. Known mainly as a zoonosis of East Asia, its species are native to all inhabited continents including Europe. Spirometra has been reported from numerous wildlife species from 17 European countries, and a critical review confirmed 17 autochthonous and 8 imported human clinical cases. We present the first molecular evidence of the coincident presence of 2 species in Europe and review the current distribution to raise awareness of the parasite in this region. Spirometra erinaceieuropaei is restricted to Europe and Spirometra mansoni represents a lineage distributed mainly across Asia and Oceania that reaches Europe. The parasite is common in Eastern Europe and its distribution has potential to expand along with its invasive or migrating mammal hosts, spreading the risks of human infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Brabec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Młocicki
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rusłan Sałamatin
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang X, Hong X, Liu SN, Jiang P, Zhao SC, Sun CX, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Large-scale survey of a neglected agent of sparganosis Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in wild frogs in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008019. [PMID: 32101542 PMCID: PMC7043720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In China, frogs play an understudied role in the spread of human sparganosis (caused by the larval form of Spirometra). However, our knowledge about the prevalence of sparganum infection in frogs remains fragmented, and the taxonomic identification of the parasite is still controversial. Methodology/Principal findings The prevalence of sparganum infection in wild frogs was surveyed at 145 geographical locations from 28 of the 34 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in China for six years. The collected sparganum isolates from the different locations were subjected to molecular identification by a multiplex PCR assay and then were analysed with clustering analysis. In the survey, sparganum infection was found in 8 out of 13 of the collected frog species, and the most frequently infected species was Pelophylax nigromaculatus (the infection rate was up to 14.07%). Infected frogs were found in 80 of the 145 surveyed locations. The sparganum infection rates in the wild frogs in several regions of China were still high (above 10%), especially in South and Southwest China. A total of 72 spargana were selected for molecular identification, and the clustering analysis showed that sequences from the Chinese isolates were very similar to those identified as from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. However, the taxonomy of the genus remains confused and further analysis is required. Conclusions Eating wild frogs is associated with considerable health risks in China. Several traditional Chinese folk remedies may increase the risk of infection. The sparganum isolates in China are most likely from S. erinaceieuropaei, but new studies, especially comprehensive morphological analyses, are needed in the future. Human sparganosis has increased in recent years in China. Frogs play an important role in the spread of sparganosis. However, our knowledge about the prevalence of sparganum infection in frogs remains incomplete, and the taxonomic identification of sparganum is still controversial. In this study, the prevalence of sparganum infection in frogs was surveyed at 145 geographical locations in China. In addition, 72 spargana representing 72 distinct geographical isolates were selected for molecular identification. Frogs that tested positive for sparganum infection were found in 80 of the 145 surveyed locations, and the average infection rate was 10.96% (447/4078), with most of the spargana present in the thigh muscles of the infected frogs. The levels of sparganum infections in wild frogs in South and Southwest China were higher than those in the central and eastern regions. In the molecular identification analysis, all of the isolates revealed two specific bands in the multiplex PCR assay; the further clustering analysis of the sequenced PCR products showed that the Chinese isolates had a close relationship with Spirometra erinaceieuropaei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiu Hong
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi Nan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu Chuan Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuan Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
| |
Collapse
|