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Gan S, Li W. Aberrant neural correlates of multisensory processing of audiovisual social cues related to social anxiety: An electrophysiological study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1020812. [PMID: 36761870 PMCID: PMC9902659 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1020812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by abnormal fear to social cues. Although unisensory processing to social stimuli associated with social anxiety (SA) has been well described, how multisensory processing relates to SA is still open to clarification. Using electroencephalography (EEG) measurement, we investigated the neural correlates of multisensory processing and related temporal dynamics in social anxiety disorder (SAD). METHODS Twenty-five SAD participants and 23 healthy control (HC) participants were presented with angry and neutral faces, voices and their combinations with congruent emotions and they completed an emotional categorization task. RESULTS We found that face-voice combinations facilitated auditory processing in multiple stages indicated by the acceleration of auditory N1 latency, attenuation of auditory N1 and P250 amplitudes, and decrease of theta power. In addition, bimodal inputs elicited cross-modal integrative activity which is indicated by the enhancement of visual P1, N170, and P3/LPP amplitudes and superadditive response of P1 and P3/LPP. More importantly, excessively greater integrative activity (at P3/LPP amplitude) was found in SAD participants, and this abnormal integrative activity in both early and late temporal stages was related to the larger interpretation bias of miscategorizing neutral face-voice combinations as angry. CONCLUSION The study revealed that neural correlates of multisensory processing was aberrant in SAD and it was related to the interpretation bias to multimodal social cues in multiple processing stages. Our findings suggest that deficit in multisensory processing might be an important factor in the psychopathology of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Gan
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Li
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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2
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Michelini G, Lenartowicz A, Diaz-Fong JP, Bilder RM, McGough JJ, McCracken JT, Loo SK. Methylphenidate, Guanfacine, and Combined Treatment Effects on Electroencephalography Correlates of Spatial Working Memory in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:37-47. [PMID: 35963558 PMCID: PMC10829974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The combination of d-methylphenidate and guanfacine (an α-2A adrenergic agonist) may be an effective alternative to either agent as monotherapy in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying medication effects using cortical source analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data. METHOD A total of 172 children with ADHD (aged 7-14; 118 boys) completed an 8-week randomized, double-blind, comparative study with 3 treatment arms: d-methylphenidate, guanfacine, or their combination. EEG modulations of brain oscillations at baseline and end point were measured during a spatial working memory task from cortical sources localized within the anterior cingulate (midfrontal) and primary visual cortex (midoccipital), based on previously reported ADHD and control differences. Linear mixed models examined treatment effects on EEG and performance measures. RESULTS Combined treatment decreased midoccipital EEG power across most frequency bands and task phases. Several midoccipital EEG measures also showed significantly greater changes with combined treatment than with monotherapies. D-methylphenidate significantly increased midoccipital theta during retrieval, while guanfacine produced only trend-level reductions in midoccipital alpha during maintenance and retrieval. Task accuracy improved with combined treatment, was unchanged with d-methylphenidate, and worsened with guanfacine. Treatment-related changes in midoccipital power correlated with improvement in ADHD severity. CONCLUSION These findings show that combined treatment ameliorates midoccipital neural activity associated with treatment-related behavioral improvements and previously implicated in visuo-attentional deficits in ADHD. Both monotherapies had limited effects on EEG measures, with guanfacine further showing detrimental effects on performance. The identified midoccipital EEG profile may aid future treatment monitoring for children with ADHD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Single Versus Combination Medication Treatment for Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Project1); https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00429273. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California; School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Agatha Lenartowicz
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California
| | - Joel P Diaz-Fong
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Bilder
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California
| | - James J McGough
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California
| | - James T McCracken
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California
| | - Sandra K Loo
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California.
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3
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Research on Differential Brain Networks before and after WM Training under Different Frequency Band Oscillations. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6628021. [PMID: 33824657 PMCID: PMC8007374 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that different frequency band oscillations are associated with cognitive processing such as working memory (WM). Electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence and graph theory can be used to measure functional connections between different brain regions and information interaction between different clusters of neurons. At the same time, it was found that better cognitive performance of individuals indicated stronger small-world characteristics of resting-state WM networks. However, little is known about the neural synchronization of the retention stage during ongoing WM tasks (i.e., online WM) by training on the whole-brain network level. Therefore, combining EEG coherence and graph theory analysis, the present study examined the topological changes of WM networks before and after training based on the whole brain and constructed differential networks with different frequency band oscillations (i.e., theta, alpha, and beta). The results showed that after WM training, the subjects' WM networks had higher clustering coefficients and shorter optimal path lengths than before training during the retention period. Moreover, the increased synchronization of the frontal theta oscillations seemed to reflect the improved executive ability of WM and the more mature resource deployment; the enhanced alpha oscillatory synchronization in the frontoparietal and fronto-occipital regions may reflect the enhanced ability to suppress irrelevant information during the delay and pay attention to memory guidance; the enhanced beta oscillatory synchronization in the temporoparietal and frontoparietal regions may indicate active memory maintenance and preparation for memory-guided attention. The findings may add new evidence to understand the neural mechanisms of WM on the changes of network topological attributes in the task-related mode.
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Liang CP, She HC, Huang LY, Chou WC, Chen SC, Jung TP. Human Brain Dynamics Reflect the Correctness and Presentation Modality of Physics Concept Memory Retrieval. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:331. [PMID: 33110406 PMCID: PMC7488981 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human memory retrieval is the core cognitive process of the human brain whenever it is processing the information. Less study has focused on exploring the neural correlates of the memory retrieval of scientific concepts when presented in word and picture modalities. Fewer studies have investigated the differences in the involved brain regions and how the brain dynamics in these regions would associate with the accuracy of the memory retrieval process. Therefore, this study specifically focused on investigating the human brain dynamics of participants when they retrieve physics concepts in word vs. pictorial modalities, and whether electroencephalogram (EEG) activities can predict the correctness of the retrieval of physics concepts. The results indicated that word modality induced a significant stronger right frontal theta augmentation than pictorial modality during the physics concepts retrieval process, whereas the picture modality induced a significantly greater right parietal alpha suppression than the word modality throughout the retrieval process spurred by the physics concept presentations. In addition, greater frontal midline theta augmentation was observed for incorrect responses than the correct responses during retrieve physics concepts. Moreover, the frontal midline theta power has greater negative predictive power for predicting the accuracy of physics concepts retrieval. In summary, the participants were more likely to retrieve physics concepts correctly if a lower amount of theta were allocated during the maintaining period from 2,000 ms through 3,500 ms before making responses. It provides insight for our future application of brain computer interface (BCI) in real-time science learning. This study implies that the lower frontal midline theta power is associated with a lower degree of cognitive control and active maintenance of representations as participants approach a correct answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Liang
- Institute of Education, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching She
- Institute of Education, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hsiao-Ching She
| | - Li-Yu Huang
- Institute of Education, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chang Chen
- Institute of Education, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Zhang Y, Liu B, Gao X. Spatiotemporal dynamics of working memory under the influence of emotions based on EEG. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:026039. [PMID: 32163933 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab7f50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported that working memory (WM) may be affected by emotions and that the effect may exist in different stages of WM. However, at present it remains controversial whether emotions inhibit or facilitate WM, and how the mechanism of dynamic information transmission in the brain during WM is affected by emotions. APPROACH In this study, we used a video database to induce three emotions (negative, neutral, and positive) and adopted a change detection paradigm based on electroencephalography. Event-related potential (ERP) analysis, event-related spectral perturbation analysis, source location analysis based on the dipole localization method and the distributed source localization method, and effective connectivity analysis were performed. MAIN RESULTS Both behavioral and ERP results suggest that positive emotions have no significant effect on WM capacity, while negative emotions could facilitate WM capacity. Furthermore, the effective connectivity results based on two source location methods suggest that the long-range connectivity between the frontal and posterior areas can reflect the influence of positive and negative emotions on the WM network, in which the connectivity under the positive emotion condition occurs in the earlier period of WM maintenance, while the connectivity under the negative emotion condition occurs in the later period of WM maintenance. SIGNIFICANCE The consistency of the behavioral, ERP, and effective connectivity results suggests that under the negative emotion condition, the top-down attention modulation between the frontoparietal area and posterior area could promote the most relevant information storage during WM maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
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Diaz-Piedra C, Sebastián MV, Di Stasi LL. EEG Theta Power Activity Reflects Workload among Army Combat Drivers: An Experimental Study. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E199. [PMID: 32231048 PMCID: PMC7226148 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effects of mental workload variations, as a function of the road environment, on the brain activity of army drivers performing combat and non-combat scenarios in a light multirole vehicle dynamic simulator. Forty-one non-commissioned officers completed three standardized driving exercises with different terrain complexities (low, medium, and high) while we recorded their electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. We focused on variations in the theta EEG power spectrum, a well-known index of mental workload. We also assessed performance and subjective ratings of task load. The theta EEG power spectrum in the frontal, temporal, and occipital areas were higher during the most complex scenarios. Performance (number of engine stops) and subjective data supported these findings. Our findings strengthen previous results found in civilians on the relationship between driver mental workload and the theta EEG power spectrum. This suggests that EEG activity can give relevant insight into mental workload variations in an objective, unbiased fashion, even during real training and/or operations. The continuous monitoring of the warfighter not only allows instantaneous detection of over/underload but also might provide online feedback to the system (either automated equipment or the crew) to take countermeasures and prevent fatal errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Diaz-Piedra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center-CIMCYC, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada; Spain;
- College of Nursing & Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - María Victoria Sebastián
- University Centre of Defence, Spanish Army Academy [Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Academia General Militar], Ctra. de Huesca, s/n, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Leandro L. Di Stasi
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center-CIMCYC, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada; Spain;
- Joint Center University of Granada - Spanish Army Training and Doctrine Command (CEMIX UGR-MADOC), C/Gran Via de Colon, 48, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Do TTN, Chuang CH, Hsiao SJ, Lin CT, Wang YK. Neural Comodulation of Independent Brain Processes Related to Multitasking. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:1160-1169. [PMID: 31056503 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2914242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Distracted driving is regarded as an integrated task requiring different regions of the brain to receive sensory data, coordinate information, make decisions, and synchronize movements. In this paper, we applied an independent modulator analysis (IMA) method to temporally independent electroencephalography (EEG) components to understand how the human executive control system coordinates different brain regions to simultaneously perform multiple tasks with distractions presented in different modalities. The behavioral results showed that the reaction time (RT) in response to traffic events increased while multitasking. Moreover, the RT was longer when the distractor was presented in an auditory form versus a visual form. The IMA results showed that there were performance-related IMs coordinating different brain regions during distracted driving. The component spectral fluctuations affected by the modulators were distinct between the single- and dual-task conditions. Specifically, more modulatory weight was projected to the occipital region to address the additional distracting stimulus in both visual and auditory modality in the dual-task conditions. A comparison of modulatory weights between auditory and visual distractors showed that more modulatory weight was projected to the frontal region during the processing of the auditory distractor. This paper provides valuable insights into the temporal dynamics of attentional modulation during multitasking as well as an understanding of the underlying brain mechanisms that mediate the synchronization across brain regions and govern the allocation of attention in distracted driving.
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Tsai PY, She HC, Chen SC, Huang LY, Chou WC, Duann JR, Jung TP. Eye fixation-related fronto-parietal neural network correlates of memory retrieval. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 138:57-70. [PMID: 30817980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eye movements are considered to be informative with regard to the underlying cognitive processes of human beings. Previous studies have reported that eye movements are associated with which scientific concepts are retrieved correctly. Moreover, other studies have also suggested that eye movements involve the cooperative activity of the human brain's fronto-parietal circuits. Less research has been conducted to investigate whether fronto-parietal EEG oscillations are associated with the retrieval processing of scientific concepts. Our findings in this study demonstrated that the fronto-parietal network is indeed crucial for successful memory retrieval. In short, significantly lower theta augmentation in the frontal midline and lower alpha suppression in the right parietal region were observed at the 5th eye fixation for physics concepts that were correctly retrieved than for those that were incorrectly retrieved. Moreover, the visual cortex in the occipital lobe exhibits a significantly greater theta augmentation followed by an alpha suppression following each eye fixation, while a right fronto-parietal asymmetry was also found for the successful retrieval of presentations of physics concepts. In particular, the study results showed that eye fixation-related frontal midline theta power and right parietal alpha power at the 5th eye fixation have the greatest predictive power regarding the correctness of the retrieval of physics concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Tsai
- Institute of Education, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Ching She
- Institute of Education, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Sheng-Chang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Yu Huang
- Institute of Education, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jeng-Ren Duann
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Zhao W, Wu R, Wang S, Qi H, Qian Y, Wang S. Behavioral and neurophysiological abnormalities during cued continuous performance tasks in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00966. [PMID: 29761018 PMCID: PMC5943734 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study's aim was to investigate the features and neural mechanisms of sustained attention in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) by comparing and analyzing neuropsychological, behavioral, event-related potentials, and event-related desynchronization and synchronization between mTBI patients and healthy controls. METHODS Twenty mTBI patients with mTBI and 20 healthy controls underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a cued continuous performance task (AX-CPT). Neuropsychological, behavioral, and electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS There were significant differences between the mTBI group and the control group in their MMSE total scores, attention, and calculation, but there were no significant differences in orientation, memory, recall, and verbal scores. There were significant differences between the mTBI group and the control group in hitting the number, reaction time, and the number of errors of omission, but there were no significant differences in the number of false errors. The amplitude of Go-N2 and Nogo-N2 was significantly smaller for the mTBI group than that for the control group. The amplitude of Go-P3 was significantly smaller for the mTBI group than that for the control group, but not for the amplitude of Nogo-P3. The Go-αERS were significantly less for the mTBI group than for the control group during the 0-200 ms after the stimulus onset. The Go-αERD and Nogo-αERD were significantly less for the mTBI group than for the control group during the 600-1,000 ms after the stimulus onset. The Go-βERS were significantly less for the mTBI group than for the control group during the 200-400 ms after the stimulus onset. There were no significant differences in the Nogo-αERS and Nogo-βERD/ERS between the mTBI group and the control group. CONCLUSION Patients with mTBI exhibited impairments in sustained attention and conflict monitoring, while response inhibition may have been spared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Ruhong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Suhong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Haihui Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yitao Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Suinuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Changzhou Jiangsu China
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Fodor Z, Sirály E, Horváth A, Salacz P, Hidasi Z, Csibri É, Szabó Á, Csukly G. Decreased Event-Related Beta Synchronization During Memory Maintenance Marks Early Cognitive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:489-502. [PMID: 29630552 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to a measurable deficit in cognition in the absence of dementia or impairment in activities of daily living. Working memory impairment is among the earliest signs of MCI. Oscillatory analysis of working memory might be a potential tool for identifying patients at increased risk of developing dementia. Our study aimed to assess the temporospatial pattern of spectral differences during working memory maintenance between MCI patients and healthy controls and to compare the sources of oscillatory activity between the two groups. Event-related spectral perturbation of 17 MCI patients and 21 healthy control participants was studied with 128-channel EEG during the Sternberg working memory task. Source localization was performed by using the eLORETA software. Among the participants, 13 MCI and 15 control participants underwent a structural brain MRI examination. Event-related synchronization (ERS) in the alpha and beta frequency band was significantly lower in MCI patients compared to healthy control participants during retention. Both study groups showed significant memory load-related enhancement in both frequency band. In the MCI group, source localization revealed significantly attenuated beta oscillatory activity in the inferior and middle temporal gyrus, in the fusiform gyrus, and in the cuneus. Beta ERS correlated significantly with the size of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus. During the retention period, MCI is characterized by decreased alpha and beta ERS compared to controls indicating early impairment in neural networks serving working memory maintenance. The assessment of electrophysiological changes in the beta frequency range may provide a useful diagnostic tool for the early detection of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Fodor
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Sirály
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Horváth
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Salacz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Neurology, Hospital at Péterfy Sándor Street, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hidasi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Csibri
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Szabó
- MR Research Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Csukly
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Wang YK, Jung TP, Lin CT. Theta and Alpha Oscillations in Attentional Interaction during Distracted Driving. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:3. [PMID: 29479310 PMCID: PMC5811509 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing multiple tasks simultaneously usually affects the behavioral performance as compared with executing the single task. Moreover, processing multiple tasks simultaneously often involve more cognitive demands. Two visual tasks, lane-keeping task and mental calculation, were utilized to assess the brain dynamics through 32-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded from 14 participants. A 400-ms stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) factor was used to induce distinct levels of attentional requirements. In the dual-task conditions, the deteriorated behavior reflected the divided attention and the overlapping brain resources used. The frontal, parietal and occipital components were decomposed by independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm. The event- and response-related theta and alpha oscillations in selected brain regions were investigated first. The increased theta oscillation in frontal component and decreased alpha oscillations in parietal and occipital components reflect the cognitive demands and attentional requirements as executing the designed tasks. Furthermore, time-varying interactive over-additive (O-Add), additive (Add) and under-additive (U-Add) activations were explored and summarized through the comparison between the summation of the elicited spectral perturbations in two single-task conditions and the spectral perturbations in the dual task. Add and U-Add activations were observed while executing the dual tasks. U-Add theta and alpha activations dominated the posterior region in dual-task situations. Our results show that both deteriorated behaviors and interactive brain activations should be comprehensively considered for evaluating workload or attentional interaction precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Wang
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Chin-Teng Lin
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Huang LY, She HC, Jung TP. Neural Oscillation Correlates Chemistry Decision-Making. Int J Neural Syst 2018; 28:1750031. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065717500319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the electroencephalography (EEG) dynamics during a chemistry-related decision-making task and further examined whether the correctness of the decision-making performance could be reflected by EEG activity. A total of 66 undergraduate students’ EEG were collected while they participated in a chemistry-related decision-making task in which they had to retrieve the relevant chemistry concepts in order to make correct decisions for each task item. The results showed that it was only in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) cluster that distinct patterns in EEG dynamics were displayed for the correct and incorrect responses. The logistic regression results indicated that ACC theta power from 300[Formula: see text]ms to 250[Formula: see text]ms before stimulus onset was the most informative factor for estimating the likelihood of making correct decisions in the chemistry-related decision-making task, while it was the ACC low beta power from 150[Formula: see text]ms to 250[Formula: see text]ms after stimulus onset. The results suggested that the ACC theta augmentation before the stimulus onset serves to actively maintain the relevant information for retrieval from long-term memory, while the ACC low beta augmentation after the stimulus onset may serve the function of mapping the encoded stimulus onto the relevant criteria that the given participant has held within his or her mind to guide the decision-making responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu Huang
- Institute of Education, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching She
- Institute of Education, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Dauvermann MR, Moorhead TW, Watson AR, Duff B, Romaniuk L, Hall J, Roberts N, Lee GL, Hughes ZA, Brandon NJ, Whitcher B, Blackwood DH, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM. Verbal working memory and functional large-scale networks in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 270:86-96. [PMID: 29111478 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test whether bilinear and nonlinear effective connectivity (EC) measures of working memory fMRI data can differentiate between patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HC). We applied bilinear and nonlinear Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) for the analysis of verbal working memory in 16 SZ and 21 HC. The connection strengths with nonlinear modulation between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN) were evaluated. We used Bayesian Model Selection at the group and family levels to compare the optimal bilinear and nonlinear models. Bayesian Model Averaging was used to assess the connection strengths with nonlinear modulation. The DCM analyses revealed that SZ and HC used different bilinear networks despite comparable behavioral performance. In addition, the connection strengths with nonlinear modulation between the DLPFC and the VTA/SN area showed differences between SZ and HC. The adoption of different functional networks in SZ and HC indicated neurobiological alterations underlying working memory performance, including different connection strengths with nonlinear modulation between the DLPFC and the VTA/SN area. These novel findings may increase our understanding of connectivity in working memory in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Dauvermann
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK; School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Thomas Wj Moorhead
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Andrew R Watson
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Barbara Duff
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Liana Romaniuk
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Neil Roberts
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graham L Lee
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zoë A Hughes
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA; IMED Neuroscience Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Brandon Whitcher
- Clinical and Translational Imaging, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Hr Blackwood
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
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14
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Dan A, Reiner M. EEG-based cognitive load of processing events in 3D virtual worlds is lower than processing events in 2D displays. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 122:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Wang YK, Jung TP, Lin CT. EEG-Based Attention Tracking During Distracted Driving. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2015; 23:1085-94. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2015.2415520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Kottlow M, Schlaepfer A, Baenninger A, Michels L, Brandeis D, Koenig T. Pre-stimulus BOLD-network activation modulates EEG spectral activity during working memory retention. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:111. [PMID: 25999828 PMCID: PMC4422031 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) processes depend on our momentary mental state and therefore exhibit considerable fluctuations. Here, we investigate the interplay of task-preparatory and task-related brain activity as represented by pre-stimulus BOLD-fluctuations and spectral EEG from the retention periods of a visual WM task. Visual WM is used to maintain sensory information in the brain enabling the performance of cognitive operations and is associated with mental health. We tested 22 subjects simultaneously with EEG and fMRI while performing a visuo-verbal Sternberg task with two different loads, allowing for the temporal separation of preparation, encoding, retention and retrieval periods. Four temporally coherent networks (TCNs)—the default mode network (DMN), the dorsal attention, the right and the left WM network—were extracted from the continuous BOLD data by means of a group ICA. Subsequently, the modulatory effect of these networks' pre-stimulus activation upon retention-related EEG activity in the theta, alpha, and beta frequencies was analyzed. The obtained results are informative in the context of state-dependent information processing. We were able to replicate two well-known load-dependent effects: the frontal-midline theta increase during the task and the decrease of pre-stimulus DMN activity. As our main finding, these two measures seem to depend on each other as the significant negative correlations at frontal-midline channels suggested. Thus, suppressed pre-stimulus DMN levels facilitated later task related frontal midline theta increases. In general, based on previous findings that neuronal coupling in different frequency bands may underlie distinct functions in WM retention, our results suggest that processes reflected by spectral oscillations during retention seem not only to be “online” synchronized with activity in different attention-related networks but are also modulated by activity in these networks during preparation intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Kottlow
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Bern Psychiatric Services (UPS) Bern, Switzerland ; Chronobiology and Sleep Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Schlaepfer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Baenninger
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Bern Psychiatric Services (UPS) Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Michels
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim/Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany ; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Koenig
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Bern Psychiatric Services (UPS) Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
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Cooper PS, Wong AS, Fulham W, Thienel R, Mansfield E, Michie PT, Karayanidis F. Theta frontoparietal connectivity associated with proactive and reactive cognitive control processes. Neuroimage 2015; 108:354-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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18
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Lin CL, Jung M, Wu YC, She HC, Jung TP. Neural Correlates of Mathematical Problem Solving. Int J Neural Syst 2015; 25:1550004. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065715500045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explores electroencephalography (EEG) brain dynamics associated with mathematical problem solving. EEG and solution latencies (SLs) were recorded as 11 neurologically healthy volunteers worked on intellectually challenging math puzzles that involved combining four single-digit numbers through basic arithmetic operators (addition, subtraction, division, multiplication) to create an arithmetic expression equaling 24. Estimates of EEG spectral power were computed in three frequency bands — θ (4–7 Hz), α (8–13 Hz) and β (14–30 Hz) — over a widely distributed montage of scalp electrode sites. The magnitude of power estimates was found to change in a linear fashion with SLs — that is, relative to a base of power spectrum, theta power increased with longer SLs, while alpha and beta power tended to decrease. Further, the topographic distribution of spectral fluctuations was characterized by more pronounced asymmetries along the left–right and anterior–posterior axes for solutions that involved a longer search phase. These findings reveal for the first time the topography and dynamics of EEG spectral activities important for sustained solution search during arithmetical problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan
| | - Melody Jung
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-5800, USA
| | - Ying Choon Wu
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ching She
- Institute of Education, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Wu YC, Jung M, Lock D, Chao E, Swartz J, Jung TP. Resting state and task-related brain dynamics supporting insight. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:5454-7. [PMID: 25571228 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Problems can be solved in a variety of ways. One might systematically evaluate a known space of possible solutions until the right one is found. Alternatively, it may prove necessary to enlarge or restructure the expected problem space - so called "thinking outside the box." This approach can yield an experience of unexpected insight or feeling of Aha!. Current challenges to understanding this phenomenon from a neurocognitive perspective include the vast diversity of problem domains and time scales for solutions. Whereas the subjective suddenness of an "Aha!" moment may lead to the impression that insight must be precipitated by a set of discrete, short-lived neural events, this report outlines research revealing that even before a problem is presented, scalp-recorded measures of resting or baseline brain states are linked with future performance and likelihood of experiencing insight during the search for a solution. Additionally, this study also shows that compared to more systematic problem solving approaches, insight is accompanied by differences in cortical and likely cognitive engagement that are detectable throughout much of the problem solving phase, rather than being confined to a distinct interval immediately preceding the dawn of a solution. These findings are important for the development of therapies targeting problem solving and reasoning skills, such as those used in cognitive training interventions to mitigate the effects of cognitive decline.
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