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Chu L, Wu Y, Yin J, Zhang K, Zhong Y, Fan X, Wang G. Neurotransmitter system gene variants as biomarkers for the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS and SSRIs in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1350978. [PMID: 38840948 PMCID: PMC11150660 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1350978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to examine the potential influence of RS4680 (COMT), RS16965628 (SLC6A4), and RS1019385 (GRIN2B) polymorphisms on the therapeutic response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Patients and methods Thirty-six untreated outpatients diagnosed with OCD were recruited and allocated to active or sham rTMS groups for two weeks. The mean age of the participants was 31.61, with 17 males (47.22%) and 19 females (52.78%). Peripheral blood samples (5 mL) were collected from each participant using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) vacuum tubes for genotyping purposes, clinical evaluation was taken place at baseline and second week. Results The A allele of RS4680, C allele of RS16965628, and GG allele of RS1019385 were identified as potential bio-markers for predicting treatment response to OCD treatments (rTMS & SSRIs). Conclusion Those genes may serve as bio-markers for the combined treatment of rTMS and SSRIs in OCD. The finding hold promise for further research and the potential implementation of precision treatment of OCD. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR1900023641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Chu
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidan Wu
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Yin
- Brain Science Basic Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu North Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yiwen Zhong
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiwang Fan
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Brain Science Basic Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Choi EJ, Vandewouw MM, Taylor MJ, Stevenson RA, Arnold PD, Brian J, Crosbie J, Kelley E, Liu X, Jones J, Lai MC, Schachar RJ, Lerch JP, Anagnostou E. Dorsal Striatal Functional Connectivity and Repetitive Behavior Dimensions in Children and Youths With Neurodevelopmental Disorders. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:387-397. [PMID: 38000717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairing repetitive behaviors are one of the core diagnostic symptoms in autism spectrum disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, but they also manifest in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Although the dorsal striatal circuit has been implicated in repetitive behaviors, extensive heterogeneity in and cross-diagnostic manifestations of these behaviors have suggested phenotypic and likely neurobiological heterogeneity across neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). METHODS Intrinsic dorsal striatal functional connectivity was examined in 3 NDDs (autism spectrum disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and typically developing control participants in a large single-cohort sample (N = 412). To learn how diagnostic labels and overlapping behaviors manifest in dorsal striatal functional connectivity measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, the main and interaction effects of diagnosis and behavior were examined in 8 models (2 seed functional connectivity [caudate and putamen] × 4 sub-behavioral domains [sameness/ritualistic, self-injury, stereotypy, and compulsions]). RESULTS The obsessive-compulsive disorder group demonstrated distinctive patterns in visual and visuomotor coordination regions compared with the other diagnostic groups. Lower-order repetitive behaviors (self-injury and stereotypy) manifesting across all participants were implicated in regions involved in motor and cognitive control, although the findings did not survive effects of multiple comparisons, suggesting heterogeneity in these behavioral domains. An interaction between self-injurious behavior and an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis were observed on caudate-cerebellum functional connectivity. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirmed high heterogeneity and overlapping behavioral manifestations in NDDs and their complex underlying neural mechanisms. A call for diagnosis-free symptom measures that can capture not only observable symptoms and severity across NDDs but also the underlying functions and motivations of such behaviors across diagnoses is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Choi
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Marlee M Vandewouw
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Psychology and Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan A Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul D Arnold
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessica Brian
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queens' University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health, Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Russell J Schachar
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Borrelli DF, Tonna M, Dar R. An investigation of the experience of control through the sense of agency in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review and meta-analysis. CNS Spectr 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38523534 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852924000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The construct of sense of agency (SoA) has proven useful for understanding mechanisms underlying obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) phenomenology, especially in explaining the apparent dissociation in OCD between actual and perceived control over one's actions. Paradoxically, people with OCD appear to experience both diminished SoA (feeling unable to control their actions) and inflated SoA (having "magical" control over events). The present review investigated the extent to which the SoA is distorted in OCD, in terms of both implicit (ie, inferred from correlates and outcomes of voluntary actions) and explicit (ie, subjective judgment of one's control over an outcome) measures of SoA. Our search resulted in 15 studies that met the criteria for inclusion in a meta-analysis, where we also examined the potential moderating effects of the type of measure (explicit versus implicit) and of the actual control participants had over the outcome. We found that participants with OCD or with high levels of OCD symptoms show lower implicit measures of SoA and at the same time tend to overestimate their control in situations where they do not actually have it. Together, these findings support the hypothesized dissociation in OCD between actual and perceived control over one's actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Tonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, Parma, Italy
| | - Reuven Dar
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Yang Z, Xiao S, Su T, Gong J, Qi Z, Chen G, Chen P, Tang G, Fu S, Yan H, Huang L, Wang Y. A multimodal meta-analysis of regional functional and structural brain abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:165-180. [PMID: 37000246 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous neuroimaging studies of resting-state functional imaging and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) have revealed abnormalities in specific brain regions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but results have been inconsistent. We conducted a whole-brain voxel-wise meta-analysis on resting-state functional imaging and VBM studies that investigated differences of functional activity and gray matter volume (GMV) between patients with OCD and healthy controls (HCs) using seed-based d mapping (SDM) software. A total of 41 independent studies (51 datasets) for resting-state functional imaging and 42 studies (46 datasets) for VBM were included by a systematic literature search. Overall, patients with OCD displayed increased spontaneous functional activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (extending to the bilateral insula) and bilateral medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex (mPFC/ACC), as well as decreased spontaneous functional activity in the bilateral paracentral lobule, bilateral cerebellum, left caudate nucleus, left inferior parietal gyri, and right precuneus cortex. For the VBM meta-analysis, patients with OCD displayed increased GMV in the bilateral thalamus (extending to the bilateral cerebellum), right striatum, and decreased GMV in the bilateral mPFC/ACC and left IFG (extending to the left insula). The conjunction analyses found that the bilateral mPFC/ACC, left IFG (extending to the left insula) showed decreased GMV with increased intrinsic function in OCD patients compared to HCs. This meta-analysis demonstrated that OCD exhibits abnormalities in both function and structure in the bilateral mPFC/ACC, insula, and IFG. A few regions exhibited only functional or only structural abnormalities in OCD, such as the default mode network, striatum, sensorimotor areas, and cerebellum. It may provide useful insights for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of OCD and developing more targeted and efficacious treatment and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibin Yang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ting Su
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiayin Gong
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Department of Radiology, Six Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhangzhang Qi
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guixian Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - SiYing Fu
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Li B, Lin Y, Ren C, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Han S. Gray matter volume abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder correlate with molecular and transcriptional profiles. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:182-190. [PMID: 37838261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have consistently established altered brain structure in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying structural brain abnormalities remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate altered gray matter volume and its underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms in patients with OCD. Gray matter morphological abnormalities measured with voxel based morphometry analysis were identified in patients with OCD in comparison to sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Spatial correlations between gray matter morphological abnormalities and neurotransmitter maps were calculated to identify neurotransmitters relating to structural abnormalities. Structural abnormalities related genes were identified by conducting transcriptome-neuroimaging spatial correlations. Compared with HCs, patients with OCD demonstrated significant morphological abnormalities in distributed brain areas, including gray matter atrophy in the anterior cingulate and increased gray matter volume in the thalamus, caudate and precentral and postcentral gyrus. The morphological abnormalities were significantly associated with dopamine synthesis capacity and expression profiles of 1110 genes enriched for trans-synaptic signaling, regulation of membrane potential, modulation of chemical synaptic transmission, brain development, synapse organization and regulation of neurotransmitter levels. These results elucidate the molecular and transcriptional basis of altered gray matter morphology and build linking between molecular, transcriptional and neuroimaging information facilitating an integrative understanding of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Yanan Lin
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Cuiping Ren
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China.
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China.
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Yan H, Zhang Y, Shan X, Li H, Liu F, Xie G, Li P, Guo W. Altered interhemispheric functional connectivity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and its potential in therapeutic response prediction. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102. [PMID: 38284840 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The trajectory of voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) after medical treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its value in prediction of treatment response remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanism of OCD, as well as biomarkers for prediction of pharmacological efficacy. Medication-free patients with OCD and healthy controls (HCs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging. The patients were scanned again after a 4-week treatment with paroxetine. The acquired data were subjected to VMHC, support vector regression (SVR), and correlation analyses. Compared with HCs (36 subjects), patients with OCD (34 subjects after excluding two subjects with excessive head movement) exhibited significantly lower VMHC in the bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL), postcentral gyrus, and calcarine cortex, and VMHC in the postcentral gyrus was positively correlated with cognitive function. After treatment, the patients showed increased VMHC in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCu) with the improvement of symptoms. SVR results showed that VMHC in the postcentral gyrus at baseline could aid to predict a change in the scores of OCD scales. This study revealed that SPL, postcentral gyrus, and calcarine cortex participate in the pathophysiological mechanism of OCD while PCC/PCu participate in the pharmacological mechanism. VMHC in the postcentral gyrus is a potential predictive biomarker of the treatment effects in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Tal I, Cervin M, Liberman N, Dar R. Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Children Are Related to Sensory Sensitivity and to Seeking Proxies for Internal States. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1463. [PMID: 37891831 PMCID: PMC10605487 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder are related to atypical sensory processing, particularly sensory over-responsivity, in both children and adults. In adults, obsessive-compulsive symptoms are also associated with the attenuation of access to the internal state and compensatory reliance on proxies for these states, including fixed rules and rituals. We aimed to examine the associations between sensory over-responsivity, the tendency to seek proxies for internal states, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children. Parents of 404 children between 5 and 10 years of age completed online measures of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, seeking proxies for internal states, sensory over-responsivity, and anxiety. Linear regression, dominance analysis, and network analysis were used to explore the unique associations between these variables. The tendency to seek proxies for internal states was more strongly associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms than with anxiety symptoms and uniquely associated with all major obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions except obsessing. Both the tendency to seek proxies for internal states and sensory over-responsivity were significantly associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but the association was significantly stronger for the tendency to seek proxies for internal states. While limited by the sole reliance on the parent-report, the present study shows that the tendency to seek proxies for internal states could help clarify the developmental processes involved in the onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms during childhood and that sensory sensitivity may be important to consider in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilil Tal
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (I.T.); (N.L.)
| | - Matti Cervin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Nira Liberman
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (I.T.); (N.L.)
| | - Reuven Dar
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (I.T.); (N.L.)
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Yang L, Chen D, Zhang X, Huang F, Li Z, Yang X. A comparison of 'not just right experiences' in obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety and depressive disorders and non-clinical controls in China. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023. [PMID: 37749937 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of 'not just right experiences' (NJREs) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety disorders (ADs) or major depressive disorder (MDD), compared with those of healthy controls (HCs). METHOD One hundred adults with OCD, 86 adults with ADs, 57 adults with MDD and 60 HCs were enrolled in the study. The Not Just Right Experiences Questionnaire Revised (NJRE-QR), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to evaluate clinical symptoms in patients with OCD, ADs or MDD. The Obsessive Belief Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44) was used to evaluate OC beliefs in the OCD patients. The HCs only received assessment using the NJRE-QR. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to compare the NJREs scores across the groups, while Pearson correlation and partial correlation analyses were used to examine the association between NJREs and other clinical features. The contribution of NJREs to predict OC symptoms was determined by multiple stratified linear regression. RESULTS Individuals with OCD had significantly higher scores for the number of NJREs than ADs, but not MDD. The severity of NJREs was also significantly higher in patients with OCD than those with MDD or ADs (F = 5.23 and F = 19.79, respectively, P < 0.01). All the clinical scores in the NJRE-QR were significantly higher than those in the HC group. The number and severity of NJREs correlated significantly with the Y-BOCS total score (r = 0.29 and r = 0.39, respectively, P < 0.01). NJREs showed an independent contribution to OC symptoms, which alone explained 8% of the variation (F = 16.49, ΔR2 = 0.08; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION NJREs are related closely to OC symptoms, with their severity discriminating between OCD patients and those with ADs or MDD. NJREs were more specific for OCD in the Chinese population and are therefore worthy of further study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Daning Chen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Psychology Department, Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Huang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China
| | - Zhanjiang Li
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyun Yang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Soffer-Dudek N. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and dissociative experiences: Suggested underlying mechanisms and implications for science and practice. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1132800. [PMID: 37051604 PMCID: PMC10084853 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1132800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A strong and specific link between obsessive-compulsive disorder or symptoms (OCD/S) and a tendency for dissociative experiences (e.g., depersonalization-derealization, absorption and imaginative involvement) cannot be explained by trauma and is poorly understood. The present theoretical formulation proposes five different models conceptualizing the relationship. According to Model 1, dissociative experiences result from OCD/S through inward-focused attention and repetition. According to Model 2, dissociative absorption causally brings about both OCD/S and associated cognitive risk factors, such as thought-action fusion, partly through impoverished sense of agency. The remaining models highlight common underlying causal mechanisms: temporo-parietal abnormalities impairing embodiment and sensory integration (Model 3); sleep alterations causing sleepiness and dreamlike thought or mixed sleep-wake states (Model 4); and a hyperactive, intrusive imagery system with a tendency for pictorial thinking (Model 5). The latter model relates to Maladaptive Daydreaming, a suggested dissociative syndrome with strong ties to the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. These five models point to potential directions for future research, as these theoretical accounts may aid the two fields in interacting with each other, to the benefit of both. Finally, several dissociation-informed paths for further developing clinical intervention in OCD are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Soffer-Dudek
- The Consciousness and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
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Soler N, Cordier R, Perkes IE, Dale RC, Bray P. Proxy-reported sensory measures for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:185-199. [PMID: 35906897 PMCID: PMC10952264 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the quality and utility of proxy-reported sensory measures for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, movement disorders, and intellectual disability). METHOD We systematically searched 11 databases. We applied the updated Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist and criteria for good measurement properties to evaluate instrument development and psychometric properties. Findings were summarized using a COSMIN adaptation of Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations. RESULTS From 11 databases, 6748 articles were screened. Ninety-one full-length articles were reviewed after removing excluded studies and manual searches conducted by two reviewers. Data were extracted for 12 measures from 20 articles. Of the 12 measures, only three provided sufficient data to evaluate content validity and psychometric measurement properties. The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire-Home (PSEQ-H) was the only measure that satisfied moderate content validity and moderate-to-high quality for measurement properties. These properties included: structural validity, hypothesis testing for construct validity, internal consistency, reliability, and measurement error. INTERPRETATION One measure, the PSEQ-H, met eight criteria for good measurement properties. To facilitate evidence-informed clinical decision-making, all psychometric properties of all 12 sensory-based, proxy-reported measures were presented. The importance of consumer engagement in measure development and the need for ongoing evaluation of measures against contemporaneous standards is recommended. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Three measures provided studies on content validity and psychometric measurement properties. The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire-Home had moderate quality for content validity studies and high-to-moderate quality evidence for psychometric properties. The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire was the only measure that included consumer involvement through qualitative interviews and pilot testing. Consumer involvement in measure development is important for content validity. Ongoing evaluation of measures against contemporaneous standards is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Soler
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Reinie Cordier
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community WellbeingNorthumbria UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Iain E. Perkes
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health and Discipline of Paediatrics & Children’s Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South Wales Medicine & Health, University of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNSWAustralia
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, and Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Paula Bray
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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11
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Lv D, Ou Y, Chen Y, Ding Z, Ma J, Zhan C, Yang R, Shang T, Zhang G, Bai X, Sun Z, Xiao J, Wang X, Guo W, Li P. Anatomical distance affects functional connectivity at rest in medicine-free obsessive-compulsive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:462. [PMID: 36221076 PMCID: PMC9555180 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain functional abnormalities at rest have been observed in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, whether and how anatomical distance influences functional connectivity (FC) at rest is ambiguous in OCD. METHODS Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, we calculated the FC of each voxel in the whole-brain and divided FC into short- and long-range FCs in 40 medicine-free patients with OCD and 40 healthy controls (HCs). A support vector machine (SVM) was used to determine whether the altered short- and long-range FCs could be utilized to distinguish OCD from HCs. RESULTS Patients had lower short-range positive FC (spFC) and long-range positive FC (lpFC) in the left precentral/postcentral gyrus (t = -5.57 and -5.43; P < 0.05, GRF corrected) and higher lpFC in the right thalamus/caudate, left thalamus, left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and left cerebellum CrusI/VI (t = 4.59, 4.61, 4.41, and 5.93; P < 0.05, GRF corrected). Furthermore, lower spFC in the left precentral/postcentral gyrus might be used to distinguish OCD from HCs with an accuracy of 80.77%, a specificity of 81.58%, and a sensitivity of 80.00%. CONCLUSION These findings highlight that anatomical distance has an effect on the whole-brain FC patterns at rest in OCD. Meanwhile, lower spFC in the left precentral/postcentral gyrus might be applied in distinguishing OCD from HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lv
- grid.412613.30000 0004 1808 3289Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunhui Chen
- grid.412613.30000 0004 1808 3289Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhenning Ding
- grid.412613.30000 0004 1808 3289Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jidong Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Baiyupao Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Chuang Zhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Baiyupao Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Ru Yang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tinghuizi Shang
- grid.412613.30000 0004 1808 3289Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Guangfeng Zhang
- grid.412613.30000 0004 1808 3289Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xiaoyu Bai
- grid.454868.30000 0004 1797 8574CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhenghai Sun
- grid.412613.30000 0004 1808 3289Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- grid.412613.30000 0004 1808 3289Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China.
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12
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Li X, Li H, Cao L, Liu J, Xing H, Huang X, Gong Q. Application of graph theory across multiple frequency bands in drug-naïve obsessive-compulsive disorder with no comorbidity. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 150:272-278. [PMID: 35427825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, graph theoretical analysis based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has provided a means of investigating the complex brain connectome in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. However, these studies have been restricted to spontaneous blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals with frequency bands between 0.01 and 0.08 Hz, and the parameters from graph theory across multiple frequency bands have seldom been studied. Here, we calculated global metrics (small-worldness, global efficiency and modularity) and nodal metrics (degree centrality, betweenness centrality, nodal clustering coefficient and shortest path) at four different frequency bands (slow-2 (0.199-0.25 Hz), slow-3 (0.074-0.198 Hz), slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) and slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz), from 0.01 to 0.25 Hz) in seventy-three OCD patients and ninety healthy controls. The analyses were also calculated in traditional low-frequency bands (0.01-0.08 Hz) for reference. For the global metrics, the OCD patients showed increased small-worldness and modularity only in the slow-3 band. For the local metrics, we observed a frequency-dependent characteristic, with the main significant differences in regions including the right precentral gyrus, occipital region, right anterior cingulum cortex and fusiform cortex. Our results suggested frequency-specific abnormalities of the brain connectome in OCD and the future studies may need to consider different frequency bands when measuring spontaneous activity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hailong Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lingxiao Cao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Haoyang Xing
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
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13
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Du H, Xia J, Fan J, Gao F, Wang X, Han Y, Tan C, Zhu X. Spontaneous neural activity in the right fusiform gyrus and putamen is associated with consummatory anhedonia in obsessive compulsive disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1708-1720. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Colzato LS, Beste C, Hommel B. Focusing on cognitive potential as the bright side of mental atypicality. Commun Biol 2022; 5:188. [PMID: 35233060 PMCID: PMC8888587 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard accounts of mental health are based on a "deficit view" solely focusing on cognitive impairments associated with psychiatric conditions. Based on the principle of neural competition, we suggest an alternative. Rather than focusing on deficits, we should focus on the cognitive potential that selective dysfunctions might bring with them. Our approach is based on two steps: the identification of the potential (i.e., of neural systems that might have benefited from reduced competition) and the development of corresponding training methods, using the testing-the-limits approach. Counterintuitively, we suggest to train not only the impaired function but on the function that might have benefitted or that may benefit from the lesser neural competition of the dysfunctional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza S Colzato
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China. .,University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Hommel
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Li X, Li H, Jiang X, Li J, Cao L, Liu J, Xing H, Huang X, Gong Q. Characterizing multiscale modular structures in medication-free obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with no comorbidity. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2391-2399. [PMID: 35170143 PMCID: PMC8996347 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain networks exhibit signatures of modular structure, which maintains a fine trade‐off between wiring cost and efficiency of information transmission. Alterations in modular structure have been found in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, previous studies were focused on a single scale (i.e., modularity or intra/intermodular connectivity) for investigation. Here, we recruited 92 OCD patients and 90 healthy controls. A comprehensive analysis was performed on modular architecture alterations in the voxelwise functional connectome at the “global” (modularity), “meso” (modular segregation and within‐ and between‐module connections), and “local” (participation coefficients, PC) scales. We also examined the correlation between modular structure metrics and clinical symptoms. The findings revealed that (1) there was no significant group difference in global modularity; (2) both primary modules (visual network, sensorimotor network) and high‐order modules (dorsal attention network, frontoparietal network) exhibited lower modular segregation in OCD patients, which was mainly driven by increased numbers of between‐module connections; and (3) OCD patients showed higher PC in several connectors including the bilateral middle occipital gyri, left medial orbital frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus, and lower PC in the right lingual gyrus. Moreover, these alterations in modular structure were associated with clinical symptoms in patients. Our findings provide further insights into the involvement of different modules in functional network dysfunction in OCD from a connectomic perspective and suggest a synergetic mechanism of module interactions that may be related to the pathophysiology of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxiao Cao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyang Xing
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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16
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Distinct alterations of amygdala subregional functional connectivity in early- and late-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:421-430. [PMID: 34748823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age of onset may be an important feature associated with distinct subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The amygdala joined neurocircuitry models of OCD for its role in mediating fear and regulating anxiety. The present study aims to identify the underlying pathophysiological specifics in OCD with different onset times by assessing amygdala subregional functional connectivity (FC) alterations in early-onset OCD (EO-OCD) and late-onset OCD (LO-OCD). METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 88 medication-free OCD patients (including 30 EO-OCD and 58 LO-OCD) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) for each patient group. Onset-by-diagnosis interactions were examined and comparisons between each OCD group and the corresponding HC group were performed regarding the FC of amygdala subregions including the basolateral amygdala (BLA), centromedial amygdala (CMA), superficial amygdala (SFA) and amygdalostriatal transition area (Astr). RESULTS Significant onset-by-diagnosis interactions were found in FC between bilateral SFA, right CMA, left Astr and the cerebellum. EO-OCD patients showed abnormally increased BLA/SFA-cerebellum, BLA-precuneus and BLA/SFA-fusiform connectivity in addition to decreased BLA/SFA-orbitofrontal cortex connectivity. In contrast, LO-OCD patients exhibited increased CMA/Astr-precentral/postcentral gyrus and CMA-cuneus connectivity as well as decreased CMA/Astr-cerebellum and BLA-striatum connectivity. LIMITATIONS The exclusion of comorbidity may reduce the generalizability of our results. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasized the different patterns of amygdala subregional connectivity alterations associated with EO-OCD and LO-OCD patients. These results provide unique insights into constructing evidence-based distinct OCD subtypes based on brain intrinsic connectivity and point to the need of specified management for EO-OCD and LO-OCD in clinical setting.
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17
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Eddy CM. The Transdiagnostic Relevance of Self-Other Distinction to Psychiatry Spans Emotional, Cognitive and Motor Domains. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:797952. [PMID: 35360118 PMCID: PMC8960177 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.797952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-other distinction refers to the ability to distinguish between our own and other people's physical and mental states (actions, perceptions, emotions etc.). Both the right temporo-parietal junction and brain areas associated with the human mirror neuron system are likely to critically influence self-other distinction, given their respective contributions to theory of mind and embodied empathy. The degree of appropriate self-other distinction will vary according to the exact social situation, and how helpful it is to feel into, or remain detached from, another person's mental state. Indeed, the emotional resonance that we can share with others affords the gift of empathy, but over-sharing may pose a downside, leading to a range of difficulties from personal distress to paranoia, and perhaps even motor tics and compulsions. The aim of this perspective paper is to consider how evidence from behavioral and neurophysiological studies supports a role for problems with self-other distinction in a range of psychiatric symptoms spanning the emotional, cognitive and motor domains. The various signs and symptoms associated with problematic self-other distinction comprise both maladaptive and adaptive (compensatory) responses to dysfunction within a common underlying neuropsychological mechanism, compelling the adoption of more holistic transdiagnostic therapeutic approaches within Psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Eddy
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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18
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Rodrigues da Silva D, Maia A, Cotovio G, Oliveira J, Oliveira-Maia AJ, Barahona-Corrêa JB. Motor cortical inhibitory deficits in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder-A systematic review and meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation literature. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1050480. [PMID: 36569621 PMCID: PMC9770010 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1050480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent chronic disorder, often refractory to treatment. While remaining elusive, a full understanding of the pathophysiology of OCD is crucial to optimize treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that, paired with other neurophysiological techniques, such as electromyography, allows for in vivo assessment of human corticospinal neurophysiology. It has been used in clinical populations, including comparisons of patients with OCD and control volunteers. Results are often contradictory, and it is unclear if such measures change after treatment. Here we summarize research comparing corticospinal excitability between patients with OCD and control volunteers, and explore the effects of treatment with repetitive TMS (rTMS) on these excitability measures. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies comparing various motor cortical excitability measures in patients with OCD and control volunteers. Whenever possible, we meta-analyzed motor cortical excitability changes after rTMS treatment. RESULTS From 1,282 articles, 17 reporting motor cortex excitability measures were included in quantitative analyses. Meta-analysis regarding cortical silent period shows inhibitory deficits in patients with OCD, when compared to control volunteers. We found no statistically significant differences in the remaining meta-analyses, and no evidence, in patients with OCD, of pre- to post-rTMS changes in resting motor threshold, the only excitability measure for which longitudinal data were reported. DISCUSSION Our work suggests an inhibitory deficit of motor cortex excitability in patients with OCD when compared to control volunteers. Cortical silent period is believed to reflect activity of GABAB receptors, which is in line with neuroimaging research, showing GABAergic deficits in patients with OCD. Regardless of its effect on OCD symptoms, rTMS apparently does not modify Resting Motor Threshold, possibly because this measure reflects glutamatergic synaptic transmission, while rTMS is believed to mainly influence GABAergic function. Our meta-analyses are limited by the small number of studies included, and their methodological heterogeneity. Nonetheless, cortical silent period is a reliable and easily implementable measurement to assess neurophysiology in humans, in vivo. The present review illustrates the importance of pursuing the study of OCD pathophysiology using cortical silent period and other easily accessible, non-invasive measures of cortical excitability. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020201764], identifier [CRD42020201764].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Maia
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cotovio
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Oliveira
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Albino J Oliveira-Maia
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Bernardo Barahona-Corrêa
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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19
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Di Lazzaro V, Bella R, Benussi A, Bologna M, Borroni B, Capone F, Chen KHS, Chen R, Chistyakov AV, Classen J, Kiernan MC, Koch G, Lanza G, Lefaucheur JP, Matsumoto H, Nguyen JP, Orth M, Pascual-Leone A, Rektorova I, Simko P, Taylor JP, Tremblay S, Ugawa Y, Dubbioso R, Ranieri F. Diagnostic contribution and therapeutic perspectives of transcranial magnetic stimulation in dementia. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2568-2607. [PMID: 34482205 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful tool to probe in vivo brain circuits, as it allows to assess several cortical properties such asexcitability, plasticity and connectivity in humans. In the last 20 years, TMS has been applied to patients with dementia, enabling the identification of potential markers of thepathophysiology and predictors of cognitive decline; moreover, applied repetitively, TMS holds promise as a potential therapeutic intervention. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of studies that have employed TMS in dementia and to discuss potential clinical applications, from the diagnosis to the treatment. To provide a technical and theoretical framework, we first present an overview of the basic physiological mechanisms of the application of TMS to assess cortical excitability, excitation and inhibition balance, mechanisms of plasticity and cortico-cortical connectivity in the human brain. We then review the insights gained by TMS techniques into the pathophysiology and predictors of progression and response to treatment in dementias, including Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related dementias and secondary dementias. We show that while a single TMS measure offers low specificity, the use of a panel of measures and/or neurophysiological index can support the clinical diagnosis and predict progression. In the last part of the article, we discuss the therapeutic uses of TMS. So far, only repetitive TMS (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and multisite rTMS associated with cognitive training have been shown to be, respectively, possibly (Level C of evidence) and probably (Level B of evidence) effective to improve cognition, apathy, memory, and language in AD patients, especially at a mild/early stage of the disease. The clinical use of this type of treatment warrants the combination of brain imaging techniques and/or electrophysiological tools to elucidate neurobiological effects of neurostimulation and to optimally tailor rTMS treatment protocols in individual patients or specific patient subgroups with dementia or mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rita Bella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alberto Benussi
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Bologna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fioravante Capone
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Kai-Hsiang S Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Robert Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Brain, Imaging& Behaviour, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Department of Neurology IC, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur
- ENT Team, EA4391, Faculty of Medicine, Paris Est Créteil University, Créteil, France; Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Nguyen
- Pain Center, clinique Bretéché, groupe ELSAN, Multidisciplinary Pain, Palliative and Supportive care Center, UIC 22/CAT2 and Laboratoire de Thérapeutique (EA3826), University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Michael Orth
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Huntington's Disease Centre, Siloah, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irena Rektorova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Simko
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sara Tremblay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada; Royal Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Raffaele Dubbioso
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Ranieri
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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20
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Altered Functional Connectivity Strength at Rest in Medication-Free Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:3741104. [PMID: 34539777 PMCID: PMC8443365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3741104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies explored the whole-brain functional connectome using the degree approach in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, whether the altered degree values can be used to discriminate OCD from healthy controls (HCs) remains unclear. Methods A total of 40 medication-free patients with OCD and 38 HCs underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scan. Data were analyzed with the degree approach and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Results Patients with OCD showed increased degree values in the left thalamus and left cerebellum Crus I and decreased degree values in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right precuneus, and left postcentral gyrus. SVM classification analysis indicated that the increased degree value in the left thalamus is a marker of OCD, with an acceptable accuracy of 88.46%, sensitivity of 87.50%, and specificity of 89.47%. Conclusion Altered degree values within and outside the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuit may cocontribute to the pathophysiology of OCD. Increased degree values of the left thalamus can be used as a future marker for OCD understanding-classification.
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21
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Gilbert KE, Wheelock MD, Kandala S, Eggebrecht AT, Luby JL, Barch DM. Associations of observed preschool performance monitoring with brain functional connectivity in adolescence. Cortex 2021; 142:15-27. [PMID: 34174721 PMCID: PMC8405590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring one's performance helps detect errors and adapt to prevent future mistakes. However, elevated performance monitoring is associated with increased checking behaviors and perfectionism and is characteristic of multiple psychiatric disorders. Understanding how heightened performance monitoring in early childhood relates to subsequent brain connectivity may elucidate mechanistic risk factors that influence brain and psychiatric outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the association between performance monitoring in preschool-aged children and functional connectivity during adolescence. In the current prospective longitudinal study, we performed seed-based functional connectivity analysis using a dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) seed to assess brain-behavior relationships between observationally coded performance monitoring in preschool-aged children and adolescent functional connectivity (n = 79). We also utilized enrichment analysis to investigate network-level connectome-wide associations. Seed-based analysis revealed negative correlations between preschool performance monitoring and adolescent fc between dACC and orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while a positive correlation was observed between dACC-occipital cortex connectivity. Enrichment analysis revealed a negative correlation between preschool performance monitoring and connectivity between motor (MOT) - cingulo-opercular (CO) and salience (SN) - Reward (REW) and a positive correlation with MOT-DMN, and cerebellum (CB) - motor connectivity. Elevated performance monitoring in early childhood is associated with functional connectivity during adolescence in regions and networks associated with cognitive control, sensorimotor processing and cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortico (CTSC) aberrations. These regions and networks are implicated in psychiatric disorders characterized by elevated performance monitoring. Findings shed light on a mechanistic risk factor in early childhood with long-term associations with neural functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Muriah D Wheelock
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam T Eggebrecht
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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22
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Zeugin D, Ionta S. Anatomo-Functional Origins of the Cortical Silent Period: Spotlight on the Basal Ganglia. Brain Sci 2021; 11:705. [PMID: 34071742 PMCID: PMC8227635 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The so-called cortical silent period (CSP) refers to the temporary interruption of electromyographic signal from a muscle following a motor-evoked potential (MEP) triggered by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1). The neurophysiological origins of the CSP are debated. Previous evidence suggests that both spinal and cortical mechanisms may account for the duration of the CSP. However, contextual factors such as cortical fatigue, experimental procedures, attentional load, as well as neuropathology can also influence the CSP duration. The present paper summarizes the most relevant evidence on the mechanisms underlying the duration of the CSP, with a particular focus on the central role of the basal ganglia in the "direct" (excitatory), "indirect" (inhibitory), and "hyperdirect" cortico-subcortical pathways to manage cortical motor inhibition. We propose new methods of interpretation of the CSP related, at least partially, to the inhibitory hyperdirect and indirect pathways in the basal ganglia. This view may help to explain the respective shortening and lengthening of the CSP in various neurological disorders. Shedding light on the complexity of the CSP's origins, the present review aims at constituting a reference for future work in fundamental research, technological development, and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvio Ionta
- Sensory-Motor Laboratory (SeMoLa), Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital/Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Piras F, Vecchio D, Kurth F, Piras F, Banaj N, Ciullo V, Luders E, Spalletta G. Corpus callosum morphology in major mental disorders: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab100. [PMID: 34095833 PMCID: PMC8172496 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders diagnosis is based on specific clinical criteria. However, clinical studies found similarities and overlapping phenomenology across a variety of disorders, which suggests a common neurobiological substrate. Thus, there is a need to measure disease-related neuroanatomical similarities and differences across conditions. While structural alterations of the corpus callosum have been investigated in obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, no study has addressed callosal aberrations in all diseases in a single study. Moreover, results from pairwise comparisons (patients vs. controls) show some inconsistencies, possibly related to the parcellation methods to divide the corpus callosum into subregions. The main aim of the present paper was to uncover highly localized callosal characteristics for each condition (i.e. obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) as compared either to healthy control subjects or to each other. For this purpose, we did not rely on any sub-callosal parcellation method, but applied a well-validated approach measuring callosal thickness at 100 equidistant locations along the whole midline of the corpus callosum. One hundred and twenty patients (30 in each disorder) as well as 30 controls were recruited for the study. All groups were closely matched for age and gender, and the analyses were performed controlling for the impact of antipsychotic treatment and illness duration. There was a significant main effect of group along the whole callosal surface. Pairwise post hoc comparisons revealed that, compared to controls, patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder had the thinnest corpora callosa with significant effects almost on the entire callosal structure. Patients with schizophrenia also showed thinner corpora callosa than controls but effects were confined to the isthmus and the anterior part of the splenium. No significant differences were found in both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder patients compared to controls. When comparing the disease groups to each other, the corpus callosum was thinner in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients than in any other group. The effect was evident across the entire corpus callosum, with the exception of the posterior body. Altogether, our study suggests that the corpus callosum is highly changed in obsessive-compulsive disorder, selectively changed in schizophrenia and not changed in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. These results shed light on callosal similarities and differences among mental disorders providing valuable insights regarding the involvement of the major brain commissural fibre tract in the pathophysiology of each specific mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Florian Kurth
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, New Zealand
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Eileen Luders
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, New Zealand.,Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Mantovani A, Neri F, D'Urso G, Mencarelli L, Tatti E, Momi D, Menardi A, Sprugnoli G, Santarnecchi E, Rossi S. Functional connectivity changes and symptoms improvement after personalized, double-daily dosing, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pilot study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:560-570. [PMID: 33158554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors that characterize obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are associated to aberrant resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) patterns within the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits. A high percentage of OCD patients do not respond to conventional pharmacological treatments or psychotherapy. In these patients, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) resulted in a significant clinical benefit. METHODS In the current study, we applied a novel protocol of 1-week MRI-guided individualized double-daily sessions of rTMS treatment (1-Hz; 110% of resting Motor Threshold/7200 pulses/day), to bilateral SMA in 9 OCD patients. We tested its (i) feasibility-safety, (ii) clinical efficacy and (iii) rsFC related changes. RESULTS Patients reported no side effects during and after rTMS. Personalized rTMS treatment led to a significant improvement of OCD symptoms (average 25%; p = .005) and persistence of benefit up to 3-month follow-up. rsFC analysis revealed a significant reduction of connectivity patterns between bilateral SMA and subcortical regions, specifically in the basal ganglia and thalamus. Additional analysis showed that OCD symptoms severity correlates with a higher connectivity pattern between bilateral SMA and subcortical regions. CONCLUSIONS rTMS double-daily sessions are safe, feasible and effective in OCD. The clinical outcomes, that are consistent with those found in our previous RCT, are linked to a decreased connectivity between SMA and subcortical brain areas implicated in control over obsessions and maladaptive compulsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mantovani
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, CUNY, School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Francesco Neri
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy.
| | - Giordano D'Urso
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Mencarelli
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa Tatti
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, CUNY, School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Davide Momi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arianna Menardi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Sprugnoli
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy
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25
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Li K, Zhang H, Wang B, Yang Y, Zhang M, Li W, Li X, Lv L, Zhao J, Zhang H. Hippocampal functional network: The mediating role between obsession and anxiety in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:685-695. [PMID: 32174208 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1733082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anxiety is a very common symptom and closely related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the association between anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms at the hippocampus network level remains unclear. METHODS This study enrolled 42 patients with OCD and 42 healthy controls (HCs), who underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and clinical evaluation. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the behavioural significance and interactive effects of obsessive-compulsive and anxiety symptoms on the hippocampus functional connectivity (HFC). The mediation analysis model was used to explore whether the hippocampus functional connectivity (FC) network indirectly mediated the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and anxiety. RESULTS Results showed that the FCs with the cerebellum, middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) were increased in the hippocampus FC network in patients with OCD compared with those in HCs. The regions of interactive effects between anxiety and obsession, which are mainly located in the prefrontal cortex and MTG, were positively correlated. The mediation effect is 0.018 between obsession and anxiety on the HFC networks in patients with OCD. CONCLUSIONS The FC between the hippocampus and MTG plays a key role in the relationship between anxiety and obsession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Bi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Xianrui Li
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang, P. R. China.,School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
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26
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McCathern AG, Mathai DS, Cho RY, Goodman WK, Storch EA. Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:1029-1036. [PMID: 32684005 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1798232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric disorder that can be chronic and debilitating if not properly treated. Current first-line treatments for OCD include cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention and serotonin uptake inhibitor medications; however, these therapies are not effective for all individuals. AREAS COVERED Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) has been hypothesized to be an effective alternative for individuals with treatment-resistant OCD. dTMS has thought to be favorable due to its low side effect profile and its minimally invasive nature. EXPERT OPINION This review evaluates the current research on effectiveness of dTMS therapy for individuals with treatment-resistant OCD. This review also investigates shortcomings in current dTMS research and the hypothesized future of dTMS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis G McCathern
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Mathai
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raymond Y Cho
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wayne K Goodman
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric A Storch
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
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27
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Naro A, Billeri L, Colucci VP, Le Cause M, De Domenico C, Ciatto L, Bramanti P, Bramanti A, Calabrò RS. Brain functional connectivity in chronic tic disorders and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 194:101884. [PMID: 32659317 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic tic disorder (cTD) and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is characterized by the dysfunction of both motor and non - motor cortico - striatal - thalamo - cortical (CSTC) circuitries, which leads to tic release and comorbids. A role of fronto - parietal network (FPN) connectivity breakdown has been postulated for tic pathogenesis, given that the FPN entertain connections with limbic, paralimbic, and CSTC networks. Our study was aimed at characterizing the FPN functional connectivity in cTD and GTS in order to assess the role of its deterioration in tic severity and the degree of comorbids. We recorded scalp EEG during resting state in patients with cTD and GTS. The eLORETA current source densities were analyzed, and the lagged phase synchronization (LPS) was calculated to estimate nonlinear functional connectivity between cortical areas. We found that the FPN functional connectivity in delta band was more detrimental in more severe GTS patients. Also, the sensorimotor functional connectivity in beta2 band was stronger in more severe cTD and GTS patients. FPN functional connectivity deterioration correlated with comorbids presence and severity in patients with GTS. Our data suggest that a FPN disconnection may contribute to the motoric symptomatology and comorbid severity in GTS, whereas sensorimotor disconnection may contribute to tic severity in cTD and GTS. Although preliminary, our study points out a differently disturbed brain connectivity between patients with cTD and GTS. This may serve as diagnostic marker and potentially interesting base to develop pharmacological and noninvasive neuromodulation trials aimed at reducing tic symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Naro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Luana Billeri
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Laura Ciatto
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy
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28
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Neuropsychiatric aspects of Parkinson disease psychopharmacology: Insights from circuit dynamics. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 165:83-121. [PMID: 31727232 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64012-3.00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathophysiology characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra. Persons with PD experience several motoric and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neuropsychiatric features of PD include depression, anxiety, psychosis, impulse control disorders, and apathy. In this chapter, we will utilize the National Institutes of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) to frame and integrate observations from two prevailing disease constructions: neurotransmitter anomalies and circuit physiology. When there is available evidence, we posit how unified translational observations may have clinical relevance and postulate importance outside of PD. Finally, we review the limited evidence available for pharmacologic management of these symptoms.
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29
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Sha Z, Edmiston EK, Versace A, Fournier JC, Graur S, Greenberg T, Lima Santos JP, Chase HW, Stiffler RS, Bonar L, Hudak R, Yendiki A, Greenberg BD, Rasmussen S, Liu H, Quirk G, Haber S, Phillips ML. Functional Disruption of Cerebello-thalamo-cortical Networks in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:438-447. [PMID: 32033923 PMCID: PMC7150632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive, compulsive behaviors. Neuroimaging studies have implicated altered connectivity among the functional networks of the cerebral cortex in the pathophysiology of OCD. However, there has been no comprehensive investigation of the cross-talk between the cerebellum and functional networks in the cerebral cortex. METHODS This functional neuroimaging study was completed by 44 adult participants with OCD and 43 healthy control participants. We performed large-scale data-driven brain network analysis to identify functional connectivity patterns using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. RESULTS Participants with OCD showed lower functional connectivity within the somatomotor network and greater functional connectivity among the somatomotor network, cerebellum, and subcortical network (e.g., thalamus and pallidum; all p < .005). Network-based statistics analyses demonstrated one component comprising connectivity within the somatomotor network that showed lower connectivity and a second component comprising connectivity among the somatomotor network, and motor regions in particular, and the cerebellum that showed greater connectivity in participants with OCD relative to healthy control participants. In participants with OCD, abnormal connectivity across both network-based statistics-derived components positively correlated with OCD symptom severity (p = .006). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first comprehensive investigation of large-scale network alteration across the cerebral cortex, subcortical regions, and cerebellum in OCD. Our findings highlight a critical role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sha
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - E Kale Edmiston
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amelia Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jay C Fournier
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simona Graur
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tsafrir Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - João Paulo Lima Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richelle S Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert Hudak
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anastasia Yendiki
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin D Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Steven Rasmussen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory Quirk
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Suzanne Haber
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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De Stefano R, Bruno A, Muscatello MR, Cedro C, Cervino G, Fiorillo L. Fear and anxiety managing methods during dental treatments: a systematic review of recent data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 68:317-331. [PMID: 32052621 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4970.19.04288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The management of anxiety and fear of patients experiencing medical treatment is always a major issue. Dentistry is a branch of medicine that is daily in managing these problems, especially in the case of pediatric patients. Odontophobia can be managed in different ways, and the purpose of this study is to eventually review which methods are currently accepted and which are the most effective. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The literature analysis was conducted on a number of articles, suitably skimmed, after a first research, obtained from the most common scientific databases. The number of works included in the review is 28. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS From the RCTs evaluated we could highlight that there are different methods in the literature, equally effective and certainly conditioned by the systemic condition of the patient. Another chapter instead turns out to be that linked to the management of the syndromic patient. CONCLUSIONS It is clear that there are different methods and equally different ways to manage our patients in the event of non-cooperation in the case of dental care. In addition to proper management by the clinician, in the literature methods linked to audiovisual distractions, hypnosis or pharmacological methods that produce conscious sedation are effectively reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa De Stefano
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, G. Martino Polyclinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, G. Martino Polyclinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria R Muscatello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, G. Martino Polyclinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Clemente Cedro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, G. Martino Polyclinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cervino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, G. Martino Polyclinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Fiorillo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, G. Martino Polyclinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy - .,Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
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Park J, Kim T, Kim M, Lee TY, Kwon JS. Functional Connectivity of the Striatum as a Neural Correlate of Symptom Severity in Patient with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:87-95. [PMID: 32000480 PMCID: PMC7047004 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well established that the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit is implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD). However, reports on corticostriatal functional connectivity (FC) in OCD have been inconsistent due to the structural and functional heterogeneity of the striatum. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated corticostriatal FC using a fine 12-seed striatal parcellation to overcome this heterogeneity and discover the neural correlates of symptoms in OCD patients. METHODS We recruited 23 OCD patients and 23 healthy controls (HCs). Whole-brain FC based on striatal seeds was examined using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data and compared across OCD patients and HCs. We conducted correlation analysis between FCs of striatal subregions with significant group differences and symptom severity scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A). RESULTS Compared to HCs, patients demonstrated increased FC of the dorsal caudal putamen and ventral rostral putamen (VRP) with several cortical regions, such as the intracalcarine cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, supramarginal/angular gyrus (SMG/AG), and postcentral gyrus (PCG). Furthermore, FC between the VRP and SMG/AG and between the VRP and PCG was negatively correlated with scores on the Y-BOCS compulsive subscale and the HAM-A, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that striatal subregions have strengthened FC with extensive cortical regions, which may reflect neural correlates of compulsive and anxious symptoms in OCD patients. These results contribute to an improved understanding of OCD pathophysiology by complementing the current evidence regarding striatal FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junha Park
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwan Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University-Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jia C, Ou Y, Chen Y, Li P, Lv D, Yang R, Zhong Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Zhang G, Guo H, Sun Z, Wang W, Wang Y, Wang X, Guo W. Decreased Resting-State Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Medication-Free Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:559729. [PMID: 33101081 PMCID: PMC7522198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.559729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decreased homotopic connectivity of brain networks such as the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits may contribute to the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, little is known about interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) at rest in OCD. In this study, the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method was applied to explore interhemispheric coordination at rest in OCD. METHODS Forty medication-free patients with OCD and 38 sex-, age-, and education level-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The VMHC and support vector machine (SVM) methods were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Patients with OCD had remarkably decreased VMHC values in the orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, middle occipital gyrus, and precentral and postcentral gyri compared with HCs. A combination of the VMHC values in the thalamus and postcentral gyrus could optimally distinguish patients with OCD from HCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the contribution of decreased interhemispheric FC within and outside the CSTC circuits in OCD and provide evidence to the pathophysiology of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunhui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoxi Zhong
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Guangfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhenghai Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Library, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Cui G, Ou Y, Chen Y, Lv D, Jia C, Zhong Z, Yang R, Wang Y, Meng X, Cui H, Li C, Sun Z, Wang X, Guo W, Li P. Altered Global Brain Functional Connectivity in Drug-Naive Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:98. [PMID: 32194450 PMCID: PMC7062961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal functional connectivity (FC) within discrete brain networks is involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with inconsistent results. In the present study, we investigated the FC patterns of 40 drug-naive patients with OCD and 38 healthy controls (HCs) through an unbiased voxel-wise global brain FC (GFC) analysis at rest. Compared with HCs, patients with OCD showed decreased GFC within the default mode network (DMN) (i.e., left posterior cingulate cortex/lingual gyrus) and sensorimotor network (i.e., left precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus) and increased GFC within the executive control network (ECN) (i.e., left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior parietal lobule). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses further indicated that the altered GFC values within the DMN, ECN, and sensorimotor network may be used as neuroimaging markers to differentiate patients with OCD from HCs. These findings indicated the aberrant FC patterns of the DMN, ECN, and sensorimotor network associated with the pathophysiology of OCD and provided new insights into the changes in brain organization function in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcheng Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunhui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Cuicui Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhaoxi Zhong
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hongsheng Cui
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chengchong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhenghai Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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Attenuation of access to internal states in high obsessive-compulsive individuals might increase susceptibility to false feedback: Evidence from a visuo-motor hand-reaching task. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019; 65:101445. [PMID: 31085384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Seeking Proxies for Internal States (SPIS) model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) posits that obsessive-compulsive (OC) individuals have attenuated access to their internal states. Hence, they seek and rely on proxies, or discernible substitutes for these internal states. In previous studies, participants with high OC tendencies and OCD patients, compared to controls, showed increased reliance on external proxies and were more influenced by false feedback when judging their internal states. This study is the first to examine the effects of false feedback on performance of hand movements in participants with high and low OC tendencies. METHOD Thirty-four participants with high OC tendencies and 34 participants with low OC tendencies were asked to perform accurate hand reaches without visual feedback in two separate sessions of a computerized hand-reaching task: once after valid feedback training of their hand location and once with false-rotated feedback. We assessed the accuracy and directional adaptation of participants' reaches. RESULTS As predicted, high OC participants evidenced a larger decrease in their hand positioning accuracy after training with false feedback compared to low OC participants. LIMITATIONS The generalization of our findings to OCD requires replication with a clinical sample. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that in addition to self-perceptions, motor performance of OC individuals is prone to be overly influenced by false feedback, possibly due to attenuated access to proprioceptive cues. These findings may be particularly relevant to understanding the distorted sense of agency in OCD.
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Naro A, Billeri L, Cannavò A, De Luca R, Portaro S, Bramanti P, Calabrò RS. Theta burst stimulation for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: a pilot study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1667-1677. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Akkermans SEA, Rheinheimer N, Bruchhage MMK, Durston S, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T, Boecker-Schlier R, Wolf I, Williams SCR, Buitelaar JK, van Rooij D, Oldehinkel M. Frontostriatal functional connectivity correlates with repetitive behaviour across autism spectrum disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2019; 49:2247-2255. [PMID: 30362446 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with considerable overlap in terms of their defining symptoms of compulsivity/repetitive behaviour. Little is known about the extent to which ASD and OCD have common versus distinct neural correlates of compulsivity. Previous research points to potentially common dysfunction in frontostriatal connectivity, but direct comparisons in one study are lacking. Here, we assessed frontostriatal resting-state functional connectivity in youth with ASD or OCD, and healthy controls. In addition, we applied a cross-disorder approach to examine whether repetitive behaviour across ASD and OCD has common neural substrates. METHODS A sample of 78 children and adolescents aged 8-16 years was used (ASD n = 24; OCD n = 25; healthy controls n = 29), originating from the multicentre study COMPULS. We tested whether diagnostic group, repetitive behaviour (measured with the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised) or their interaction was associated with resting-state functional connectivity of striatal seed regions. RESULTS No diagnosis-specific differences were detected. The cross-disorder analysis, on the other hand, showed that increased functional connectivity between the left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and a cluster in the right premotor cortex/middle frontal gyrus was related to more severe symptoms of repetitive behaviour. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the fruitfulness of applying a cross-disorder approach to investigate the neural underpinnings of compulsivity/repetitive behaviour, by revealing a shared alteration in functional connectivity in ASD and OCD. We argue that this alteration might reflect aberrant reward or motivational processing of the NAcc with excessive connectivity to the premotor cortex implementing learned action patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E A Akkermans
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Rheinheimer
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel M K Bruchhage
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Sarah Durston
- NICHE Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Regina Boecker-Schlier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabella Wolf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Steven C R Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Oldehinkel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Van Hulle CA, Esbensen K, Goldsmith HH. Co-occurrence of Sensory Overresponsivity with Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Childhood and Early Adolescence. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2019; 40:377-382. [PMID: 31107361 PMCID: PMC6579637 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sensory overresponsivity (SOR) is characterized by challenges in integrating and responding to everyday sensory experiences. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts, ritualistic behaviors, and sensory phenomena. There is some evidence that individuals with co-occurring symptoms of SOR and OCD experience more severe anxiety than those with symptoms of OCD alone, but most studies employed small numbers of participants (typically with an OCD diagnosis) assessed at a single time point. Our 2-fold objective was to replicate previous research showing an association between OCD symptoms and SOR symptoms concurrently and to extend these analyses longitudinally in a large, birth-register-based sample. METHOD Twins (N = 1613) and their primary caregivers participated in a multimodal, multimethod, longitudinal study. Primary caregivers completed the SOR inventory for their offspring at the age of 8 years, and twins completed the adult sensory profile at the age of 13 years. Parents completed the OCD module of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV when twins were 8 years; twins completed the same module at 13 years. Linear regression models tested for the concurrent and longitudinal associations between SOR and OCD controlling for socioeconomic status. RESULTS Concurrently, participants' likelihood of exhibiting OCD symptoms increased with each symptom of tactile or auditory overresponsivity at 8 years and 13 years (odds ratio = 1.1-2.7). However, SOR measured at age 8 years was unrelated to adolescent OCD symptoms at 13 years and vice versa. CONCLUSION SOR symptoms, although significantly related to concurrent OCD symptoms, do not appear to precede OCD symptoms, suggesting that SOR symptoms may reflect another type of OCD sensory phenomenon rather than a comorbid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karyn Esbensen
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - H Hill Goldsmith
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Pujol J, Blanco-Hinojo L, Maciá D, Alonso P, Harrison BJ, Martínez-Vilavella G, Deus J, Menchón JM, Cardoner N, Soriano-Mas C. Mapping Alterations of the Functional Structure of the Cerebral Cortex in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:4753-4762. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe mapped alterations of the functional structure of the cerebral cortex using a novel imaging approach in a sample of 160 obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. Whole-brain functional connectivity maps were generated using multidistance measures of intracortical neural activity coupling defined within isodistant local areas. OCD patients demonstrated neural activity desynchronization within the orbitofrontal cortex and in primary somatosensory, auditory, visual, gustatory, and olfactory areas. Symptom severity was significantly associated with the degree of functional structure alteration in OCD-relevant brain regions. By means of a novel imaging perspective, we once again identified brain alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex, involving areas purportedly implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD. However, our results also indicated that weaker intracortical activity coupling is also present in each primary sensory area. On the basis of previous neurophysiological studies, such cortical activity desynchronization may best be interpreted as reflecting deficient inhibitory neuron activity and altered sensory filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Blanco-Hinojo
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dídac Maciá
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pino Alonso
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Joan Deus
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Mental Health Department, Parc Taulí Sabadell University Hospital, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Barelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Bu X, Hu X, Zhang L, Li B, Zhou M, Lu L, Hu X, Li H, Yang Y, Tang W, Gong Q, Huang X. Investigating the predictive value of different resting-state functional MRI parameters in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:17. [PMID: 30655506 PMCID: PMC6336781 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have facilitated our understanding of OCD pathophysiology based on its intrinsic activity. However, whether the group difference derived from univariate analysis could be useful for informing the diagnosis of individual OCD patients remains unclear. We aimed to apply multivariate pattern analysis of different rs-fMRI parameters to distinguish drug-naive patients with OCD from healthy control subjects (HCS). Fifty-four drug-naive OCD patients and 54 well-matched HCS were recruited. Four different rs-fMRI parameter maps, including the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity strength (FCS), were calculated. Training of a support vector machine (SVM) classifier using rs-fMRI maps produced voxelwise discrimination maps. Overall, the classification accuracies were acceptable for the four rs-fMRI parameters. Excellent performance was achieved when ALFF maps were employed (accuracy, 95.37%, p < 0.01), good performance was achieved by using ReHo maps, weaker performance was achieved by using fALFF maps, and fair performance was achieved by using FCS maps. The brain regions showing the greatest discriminative power included the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precentral gyrus, and occipital lobes. The application of SVM to rs-fMRI features may provide potential power for OCD classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Bu
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Lianqing Zhang
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Bin Li
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fMental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Ming Zhou
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Lu Lu
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Hailong Li
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fMental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fMental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Hirjak D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Fritze S, Sambataro F, Kubera KM, Wolf RC. Motor dysfunction as research domain across bipolar, obsessive-compulsive and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:315-335. [PMID: 30236781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although genuine motor abnormalities (GMA) are frequently found in schizophrenia, they are also considered as an intrinsic feature of bipolar, obsessive-compulsive, and neurodevelopmental disorders with early onset such as autism, ADHD, and Tourette syndrome. Such transnosological observations strongly suggest a common neural pathophysiology. This systematic review highlights the evidence on GMA and their neuroanatomical substrates in bipolar, obsessive-compulsive, and neurodevelopmental disorders. The data lends support for a common pattern contributing to GMA expression in these diseases that seems to be related to cerebello-thalamo-cortical, fronto-parietal, and cortico-subcortical motor circuit dysfunction. The identified studies provide first evidence for a motor network dysfunction as a correlate of early neurodevelopmental deviance prior to clinical symptom expression. There are also first hints for a developmental risk factor model of these mental disorders. An in-depth analysis of motor networks and related patho-(physiological) mechanisms will not only help promoting Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Motor System construct, but also facilitate the development of novel psychopharmacological models, as well as the identification of neurobiologically plausible target sites for non-invasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Katharina M Kubera
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert C Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Rehn S, Eslick GD, Brakoulias V. A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Different Cortical Targets Used in Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Psychiatr Q 2018; 89:645-665. [PMID: 29423665 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-018-9566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Randomised and sham-controlled trials (RCTs) of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have yielded conflicting results, which may be due to the variability in rTMS parameters used. We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of rTMS for the treatment of OCD and aimed to determine whether certain rTMS parameters, such as cortical target, may be associated with higher treatment effectiveness. After conducting a systematic literature review for RCTs on rTMS for OCD through to 1 December 2016 using MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Google, and Google Scholar, we performed a random-effects meta-analysis with the outcome measure as pre-post changes in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores. To determine whether rTMS parameters may have influenced treatment effectiveness, studies were further analysed according to cortical target, stimulation frequency, and length of follow-up. Data were obtained from 18 RCTs on rTMS in the treatment of OCD. Overall, rTMS yielded a modest effect in reducing Y-BOCS scores with Hedge's g of 0.79 (95% CI = 0.43-1.15, p < 0.001). Stimulation of the supplementary motor area yielded the greatest reductions in Y-BOCS scores relative to other cortical targets. Subgroup analyses suggested that low frequency rTMS was more effective than high frequency rTMS. The effectiveness of rTMS was also greater at 12 weeks follow-up than at four weeks follow-up. Our meta-analysis implies that low frequency rTMS applied over the supplementary motor area may offer the greatest effectiveness in the treatment of OCD. The therapeutic effects of rTMS also appear to persist post-treatment and may offer beneficial long-term effectiveness. With our findings, it is suggested that future large-scale studies focus on the supplementary motor area and include follow-up periods of 12 weeks or more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rehn
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Psychiatry, Nepean Hospital, Level 5 South Block, PO Box 63, Penrith/Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - Guy D Eslick
- The Whiteley-Martin Research Centre, Discipline of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Nepean Hospital, Sydney/Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Vlasios Brakoulias
- Sydney Medical School - Nepean, Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Sydney, Sydney/Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Lusicic A, Schruers KR, Pallanti S, Castle DJ. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: current perspectives. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1721-1736. [PMID: 29988759 PMCID: PMC6029675 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s121140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive neurostimulation technique receiving increasing attention in the treatment of different psychiatric disorders. Evidence for rTMS use in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is accumulating and informing further developments in the neurostimulation field, the latest being deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS). dTMS allows direct stimulation of deeper subcortical structures and larger brain volume than conventional rTMS. Underlying neurobiological mechanisms related to transcranial magnetic stimulation are still under evaluation, but appear to offer a novel "third" way of addressing symptoms via localized electrical stimulation compared to pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy approaches. This systematic review focuses on the effects of rTMS and dTMS stimulation on different brain targets in OCD. Brain areas included are the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, orbitofrontal cortex/medial prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Improved understanding of the therapeutic effects of rTMS in OCD will support fine-tuning of the method and help determine how we can best optimize the approach via rTMS or dTMS to achieve clinically relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lusicic
- PACE Clinic, Orygen Youth Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Koen Rj Schruers
- Research Institute for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Pallanti
- Institute of Neurosciences, Florence, Italy.,Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David J Castle
- St Vincent's Hospital.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Honda S, Nakao T, Mitsuyasu H, Okada K, Gotoh L, Tomita M, Sanematsu H, Murayama K, Ikari K, Kuwano M, Yoshiura T, Kawasaki H, Kanba S. A pilot study exploring the association of morphological changes with 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in OCD patients. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2017; 16:2. [PMID: 28203264 PMCID: PMC5303222 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-017-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and pharmacological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have suggested that the serotonergic systems are involved in the pathogenesis, while structural imaging studies have found some neuroanatomical abnormalities in OCD patients. In the etiopathogenesis of OCD, few studies have performed concurrent assessment of genetic and neuroanatomical variables. METHODS We carried out a two-way ANOVA between a variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR) in the serotonin transporter gene and gray matter (GM) volumes in 40 OCD patients and 40 healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS We found that relative to the HCs, the OCD patients showed significant decreased GM volume in the right hippocampus, and increased GM volume in the left precentral gyrus. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in OCD patients had a statistical tendency of stronger effects on the right frontal pole than those in HCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the neuroanatomical changes of specific GM regions could be endophenotypes of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Honda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitsuyasu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kayo Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Leo Gotoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tomita
- Kurume University Graduate School of Psychology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Sanematsu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Murayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ikari
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masumi Kuwano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshiura
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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D'Urso G, Brunoni AR, Mazzaferro MP, Anastasia A, de Bartolomeis A, Mantovani A. Transcranial direct current stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized, controlled, partial crossover trial. Depress Anxiety 2016; 33:1132-1140. [PMID: 27802585 DOI: 10.1002/da.22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) hyperactivity has been detected in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. However, it is not understood whether this is a putative primary cause or a compensatory mechanism in OCD pathophysiology. Considering the polarity-dependent effects on cortical excitability of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we applied cathodal and/or anodal tDCS to the pre-SMA of OCD patients to test which current polarity might better improve symptoms. METHODS Twelve OCD patients received initially 10 anodal (n = 6) or cathodal (n = 6) daily consecutive 2 mA/20 min tDCS sessions with the active electrode placed bilaterally on the pre-SMA. In case of improvement or no change in symptoms severity, the subjects were maintained on the same current polarity for 10 more sessions. In case of symptoms worsening after the first 10 sessions they were switched to the other polarity for 10 more sessions to test the hypothesis of a polarity-dependent effect. Therefore, each subject received 20 tDCS sessions. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) were administered biweekly to assess changes in symptoms severity. RESULTS After 10 sessions, 50% of patients who initially received anodal stimulation were switched to cathodal, while 100% of patients initially assigned to cathodal stimulation continued on the same polarity. At the end of the study, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the mean Y-BOCS scores of those patients who underwent cathodal tDCS. No pre-post difference was found in the scores of patients following anodal tDCS. CONCLUSIONS Cathodal but not anodal tDCS over the pre-SMA significantly improved OCD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano D'Urso
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Anesthesiology and Pharmacoutilization, University Hospital of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andre R Brunoni
- Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA), University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Pia Mazzaferro
- Residency Program in Psychiatry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Anastasia
- Residency Program in Psychiatry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Mantovani
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Sica C, Bottesi G, Caudek C, Orsucci A, Ghisi M. "Not Just Right Experiences" as a psychological endophenotype for obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evidence from an Italian family study. Psychiatry Res 2016; 245:27-35. [PMID: 27526314 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The heart of the obsessional process may be considered the subject's underlying impression that "something is wrong" or "that something is not just as it should be". This phenomenon, labeled "not just right experiences" (NJREs), has increasingly been receiving attention as a possible marker of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study sought to add to the evidence that NJREs may be a putative endophenotype of obsessional symptoms. To this aim, measures of NJREs, obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and psychological distress were compared in offspring of parents with and without OC symptoms. The offspring of parents with OC symptoms (N=120) reported higher frequency and severity of NJREs compared to offspring of parents without OC symptoms (N=106). Such differences remained significant for NJREs frequency and close to significance for NJREs severity, when general distress (i.e., anxiety and depression) was controlled. The possible role of NJREs as an endophenotype for OCD is discussed in reference to Gottesman and Gould criteria and the National Institute of Mental Health RDoC initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Sica
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy.
| | - Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Corrado Caudek
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health, University of Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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Eddy CM. The junction between self and other? Temporo-parietal dysfunction in neuropsychiatry. Neuropsychologia 2016; 89:465-477. [PMID: 27457686 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Eddy
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, BSMHFT The Barberry, National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, UK; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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48
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Real E, Subirà M, Alonso P, Segalàs C, Labad J, Orfila C, López-Solà C, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Via E, Cardoner N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Soriano-Mas C, Menchón JM. Brain structural correlates of obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without preceding stressful life events. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:366-77. [PMID: 26784523 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2016.1142606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives There is growing evidence supporting a role for stressful life events (SLEs) at obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) onset, but neurobiological correlates of such effect are not known. We evaluated regional grey matter (GM) changes associated with the presence/absence of SLEs at OCD onset. Methods One hundred and twenty-four OCD patients and 112 healthy controls were recruited. Patients were split into two groups according to the presence (n = 56) or absence (n = 68) of SLEs at disorder's onset. A structural magnetic resonance image was acquired for each participant and pre-processed with Statistical Parametric Mapping software (SPM8) to obtain a volume-modulated GM map. Between-group differences in sociodemographic, clinical and whole-brain regional GM volumes were assessed. Results SLEs were associated with female sex, later age at disorder's onset, more contamination/cleaning and less hoarding symptoms. In comparison with controls, patients without SLEs showed GM volume increases in bilateral dorsal putamen and the central tegmental tract of the brainstem. By contrast, patients with SLEs showed specific GM volume increases in the right anterior cerebellum. Conclusions Our findings support the idea that neuroanatomical alterations of OCD patients partially depend on the presence of SLEs at disorder's onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Real
- a Psychiatry Department , Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Carlos III Health Institute , Spain
| | - M Subirà
- a Psychiatry Department , Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Carlos III Health Institute , Spain ;,c Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - P Alonso
- a Psychiatry Department , Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Carlos III Health Institute , Spain ;,c Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - C Segalàs
- a Psychiatry Department , Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Carlos III Health Institute , Spain
| | - J Labad
- d Mental Health Department , Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí , Sabadell , Spain ;,e Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine , Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - C Orfila
- a Psychiatry Department , Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - C López-Solà
- a Psychiatry Department , Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Carlos III Health Institute , Spain ;,c Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - I Martínez-Zalacaín
- a Psychiatry Department , Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - E Via
- a Psychiatry Department , Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - N Cardoner
- a Psychiatry Department , Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain ;,d Mental Health Department , Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí , Sabadell , Spain ;,e Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine , Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Murcia
- a Psychiatry Department , Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain ;,f Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) , Carlos III Health Institute , Madrid , Spain
| | - C Soriano-Mas
- a Psychiatry Department , Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Carlos III Health Institute , Spain ;,g Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - J M Menchón
- a Psychiatry Department , Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Carlos III Health Institute , Spain ;,c Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Nespoli E, Rizzo F, Boeckers TM, Hengerer B, Ludolph AG. Addressing the Complexity of Tourette's Syndrome through the Use of Animal Models. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:133. [PMID: 27092043 PMCID: PMC4824761 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by fluctuating motor and vocal tics, usually preceded by sensory premonitions, called premonitory urges. Besides tics, the vast majority—up to 90%—of TS patients suffer from psychiatric comorbidities, mainly attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The etiology of TS remains elusive. Genetics is believed to play an important role, but it is clear that other factors contribute to TS, possibly altering brain functioning and architecture during a sensitive phase of neural development. Clinical brain imaging and genetic studies have contributed to elucidate TS pathophysiology and disease mechanisms; however, TS disease etiology still is poorly understood. Findings from genetic studies led to the development of genetic animal models, but they poorly reflect the pathophysiology of TS. Addressing the role of neurotransmission, brain regions, and brain circuits in TS disease pathomechanisms is another focus area for preclinical TS model development. We are now in an interesting moment in time when numerous innovative animal models are continuously brought to the attention of the public. Due to the diverse and largely unknown etiology of TS, there is no single preclinical model featuring all different aspects of TS symptomatology. TS has been dissected into its key symptomst hat have been investigated separately, in line with the Research Domain Criteria concept. The different rationales used to develop the respective animal models are critically reviewed, to discuss the potential of the contribution of animal models to elucidate TS disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Nespoli
- Competence in Neuro Spine Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberach an der Riss, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of UlmUlm, Germany
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of UlmUlm, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of UlmUlm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany
| | - Bastian Hengerer
- Competence in Neuro Spine Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Andrea G Ludolph
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Supplementary Motor Area in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Multi-Site Study. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:420. [PMID: 27011177 PMCID: PMC4813271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, strategies beyond pharmacological and psychological treatments have been developed for the management of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Specifically, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been employed as an adjunctive treatment in cases of treatment-refractory OCD. Here, we investigate six weeks of low frequency rTMS, applied bilaterally and simultaneously over the sensory motor area, in OCD patients in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Twenty-two participants were randomly enrolled into the treatment (ACTIVE = 10) or placebo (SHAM = 12) groups. At each of seven visits (baseline; day 1 and weeks 2, 4, and 6 of treatment; and two and six weeks after treatment) the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was administered. At the end of the six weeks of rTMS, patients in the ACTIVE group showed a clinically significant decrease in Y-BOCS scores compared to both the baseline and the SHAM group. This effect was maintained six weeks following the end of rTMS treatment. Therefore, in this sample, rTMS appeared to significantly improve the OCD symptoms of the treated patients beyond the treatment window. More studies need to be conducted to determine the generalizability of these findings and to define the duration of rTMS’ clinical effect on the Y-BOCS. Clinical Trial Registration Number (NCT) at www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00616486.
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