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Butler M, Turiano N, Buckley L, McGeehan M, O'Súilleabháin PS. Neuroticism facets and mortality risk in adulthood: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. J Psychosom Res 2023; 175:111500. [PMID: 37832272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review sought to summarize comprehensively the research investigating the association between facets of neuroticism and mortality risk. METHODS A systematic review of prospective cohort studies utilizing rigorous reporting methods was conducted. Six electronic bibliographic databases, MEDLINE [Ovid], Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, were searched for eligible studies using keywords encompassing personality traits and mortality. Articles from inception to January 2023 were reviewed. The risk of bias was also assessed. RESULTS Six of the 2358 identified studies met the inclusion criteria for extraction. Included studies had 335,715 participants, of whom 3.23% died. Participants ages at baseline ranged from 20 to 102, and 54% were female. Five of the six studies reported statistically significant associations between facets of neuroticism and mortality risk. Several underlying facets were reported to be associated with an increased mortality risk, namely vulnerability, cynicism, pessimistic, anxious, and depressive facets. Inadequacy, and worried-vulnerable were reported as protective. One study reported protective effects for impulsiveness, but this was not observed in a further follow-up study. CONCLUSIONS Various facets related to neuroticism are associated with an increased or decreased mortality risk. Encompassing all facets in a broad trait likely masks very important personality-health relations, which later impact longevity. Based on these findings, recommendations and future considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Butler
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Nicholas Turiano
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WA, USA
| | - Laura Buckley
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Máire McGeehan
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Páraic S O'Súilleabháin
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Jordan KD, Smith TW. Adaptation to social-evaluative threat: Effects of repeated acceptance and status stressors on cardiovascular reactivity. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 183:61-70. [PMID: 36403804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Social-evaluative threat plays a key role in research on stress, health and related psychophysiological mechanisms such as cardiovascular reactivity (CVR). Social-evaluative threats can activate two broad social motives: striving for status, achievement and influence, and/or striving for acceptance, inclusion, and connection. Prior research emphasizes threats related to status (e.g., task performance) or combined threats to status and acceptance, obscuring their independent effects. Further, because prior research has mostly utilized single stressors, it is not clear if effects of social-evaluative threats involving status and acceptance on CVR persist or adapt quickly over repeated exposures. To address these issues, 139 undergraduates (93 females) were randomly assigned to undergo two repetitions of a stressful role-played interaction with a pre-recorded antagonistic partner under one of four conditions in a factorial design: low evaluative threat, high status threat only, high acceptance threat only, or a combined threat. In a single laboratory session, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded during baseline and two stressor exposures. Task-induced CVR demonstrated significant adaptation across exposures. Both forms of social evaluative threat produced additional CVR, and these differences between high and low social-evaluative threat were generally maintained across exposures. Hence, threats to social status and acceptance have independent and sustained effects on CVR across multiple stressor exposures, even in the context of overall adaptation of cardiovascular responses.
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Iqbal T, Simpkin AJ, Roshan D, Glynn N, Killilea J, Walsh J, Molloy G, Ganly S, Ryman H, Coen E, Elahi A, Wijns W, Shahzad A. Stress Monitoring Using Wearable Sensors: A Pilot Study and Stress-Predict Dataset. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22218135. [PMID: 36365837 PMCID: PMC9654418 DOI: 10.3390/s22218135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the recent advancements in the field of wearable technologies, the opportunity to monitor stress continuously using different physiological variables has gained significant interest. The early detection of stress can help improve healthcare and minimizes the negative impact of long-term stress. This paper reports outcomes of a pilot study and associated stress-monitoring dataset, named the "Stress-Predict Dataset", created by collecting physiological signals from healthy subjects using wrist-worn watches with a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor. While wearing these watches, 35 healthy volunteers underwent a series of tasks (i.e., Stroop color test, Trier Social Stress Test and Hyperventilation Provocation Test), along with a rest period in-between each task. They also answered questionnaires designed to induce stress levels compatible with daily life. The changes in the blood volume pulse (BVP) and heart rate were recorded by the watch and were labelled as occurring during stress-inducing tasks or a rest period (no stress). Additionally, respiratory rate was estimated using the BVP signal. Statistical models and personalised adaptive reference ranges were used to determine the utility of the proposed stressors and the extracted variables (heart rate and respiratory rate). The analysis showed that the interview session was the most significant stress stimulus, causing a significant variation in heart rate of 27 (77%) participants and respiratory rate of 28 (80%) participants out of 35. The outcomes of this study contribute to the understanding the role of stressors and their association with physiological response and provide a dataset to help develop new wearable solutions for more reliable, valid, and sensitive physio-logical stress monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Iqbal
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrew J. Simpkin
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Davood Roshan
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM Center for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Glynn
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - John Killilea
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Jane Walsh
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerard Molloy
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Sandra Ganly
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Hannah Ryman
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Eileen Coen
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Adnan Elahi
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - William Wijns
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM Center for Research in Medical Devices, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Atif Shahzad
- Smart Sensor Laboratory, Lambe Institute of Translational Research, College of Medicine, Nursing Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine (SMQB), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Apostolov N, Geldenhuys M. The role of neuroticism and conscientious facets in academic motivation. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2673. [PMID: 35836402 PMCID: PMC9392528 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personality differences have been demonstrated to influence an individual's academic performance in different ways. Notably, conscientiousness is the most consistent significant predictor of academic performance, while neuroticism shows inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the relationship between the facets of conscientiousness and neuroticism on academic motivation. METHOD The study was conducted in Australia and consisted of 285 undergraduate students. The International Personality Item Pool and Motivated Strategies Learning Questionnaire were used to measure personality and motivation, respectively. Structural equation modeling results revealed that conscientiousness had the most significant relationship with academic motivation, while neuroticism was negatively related. The conscientious facets of self-efficacy and achievement striving were positively related to academic motivation. The results also revealed that the anxiety facet of neuroticism was the only significant positive predictor for academic motivation, while depression and vulnerability were negatively related. CONCLUSION This study reveals how personality facets contribute to academic motivation over assessing grades and superordinate factors alone. Trait-level anxiety significantly contributes to academic motivation, helping us shed light on underlying mechanisms such as defensive pessimism, resulting in higher motivation due to fearing the worst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madelyn Geldenhuys
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.,University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Allostatic load and mental health during COVID-19: The moderating role of neuroticism. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100311. [PMID: 34514440 PMCID: PMC8419239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic increased risk of poor mental health has been evident across different cultures and contexts. This study aims to examine whether allostatic load (AL) prior to the pandemic was predictive of poor mental health during the pandemic, and if any associations were moderated by neuroticism. Methods Data were extracted from Waves 2 (2011, allostatic load), 3 (2012, neuroticism), and the COVID-19 study (April 2020) of the Understanding Society database in the UK; data were available for 956 participants. Results Mental health increased from 2012- to during the pandemic. Neuroticism and AL were positively associated with poorer mental health during COVID-19, such that those who had scored higher on neuroticism and had higher AL prior to the pandemic reported poorer mental health during the pandemic. Neuroticism was also a significant moderator; the effect of AL on mental health during the pandemic was exacerbated in those with high and moderate levels of neuroticism but not lower. Moreover, this was driven by the immune-related indices of AL. This withstood adjustment for age, gender, employment status and prior mental health. These findings are discussed in relation to the pathophysiological mechanisms of mental health.
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Tyra AT, Cook TE, Young DA, Hurley PE, Oosterhoff BJ, John-Henderson NA, Ginty AT. Adverse childhood experiences, sex, and cardiovascular habituation to repeated stress. Biol Psychol 2021; 165:108175. [PMID: 34461149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are robustly associated with later cardiovascular disease. Alterations in cardiovascular responses to stress may be an underlying mechanism. The present study examined whether ACEs predicted habituation of cardiovascular responses across two acute laboratory stress tasks, and whether this differed between men and women. During a single laboratory visit, 453 healthy young adults completed two identical stress-inducing protocols, each involving a 10-minute baseline and 4-minute acute psychological stress task. Heart rate (HR) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (S/DBP) were recorded throughout. Participants also completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences scale. Cardiovascular responses habituated from the first to second stress task on average across the entire sample. However, women-but not men-with higher self-reported ACEs displayed less habituation of HR and DBP, but not SBP, across the stress tasks. Results suggest that ACEs may alter the body's ability to adaptively respond to stress exposures in adulthood, specifically in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Tyra
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97334, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
| | - Taryn E Cook
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97334, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Danielle A Young
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97334, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Page E Hurley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97334, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Benjamin J Oosterhoff
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, 319 Traphagen Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Neha A John-Henderson
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, 319 Traphagen Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97334, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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Terracciano A, Aschwanden D, Passamonti L, Toschi N, Stephan Y, Luchetti M, Lee JH, Sesker A, O'Súilleabháin PS, Sutin AR. Is neuroticism differentially associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia? J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:34-40. [PMID: 33819874 PMCID: PMC8192471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examines whether neuroticism is differentially associated with risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) using a prospective study design. Participants from the UK Biobank (N = 401,422) completed a self-report neuroticism scale in 2006-2010 and incident all-cause dementia, AD, VD, and FTD were ascertained using electronic health records or death records up to 2018. During an average follow-up of 8.8 years (3,566,123 person-years), there were 1798 incident of all-cause dementia, 675 AD, 376 VD, and 81 FTD. Accounting for age and sex, compared to individuals in the low quartile, individuals in the top quartile of neuroticism had higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.49-1.93), AD (HR = 1.42; 1.15-1.75), VD (HR = 1.73; 1.30-2.29), but not FTD (HR = 0.89; 0.49-1.63). The associations with AD and VD were attenuated but remained significant after further accounting for education, household income, deprivation index, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, heart attack, ever smoker, physical activity, obesity, hemoglobin A1c, C-reactive protein, and low-density lipoprotein. The associations were not moderated by socioeconomic status. The findings were consistent in analyses that excluded cases that occurred within the first 5 years of follow-up. In conclusion, neuroticism is a robust predictor of incident AD and VD, but not FTD. This pattern suggests that the affective symptoms that distinguish dementia types may partly reflect premorbid differences in trait neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Passamonti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare (IBFM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, University "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging - Harvard Medical School/MGH, USA
| | | | - Martina Luchetti
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Amanda Sesker
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Páraic S O'Súilleabháin
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Griffin SM, Howard S. Instructed reappraisal and cardiovascular habituation to recurrent stress. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13783. [PMID: 33538020 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Instructed reappraisal has previously been associated with a challenge-oriented cardiovascular response profile, indexed by greater cardiac output (CO) and lower total peripheral resistance (TPR), in response to a single stress exposure. The present study builds on this research by employing a stress habituation paradigm where participants completed a speech task twice; in which prior to the second task participants heard reappraisal instructions (i.e., view feelings of stress arousal as something that is beneficial) or control instructions. This paradigm allowed us to (a) test if reappraisal aids cardiovascular habituation to recurrent stress, and (b) examine if reappraisal leads to a within-participant change in CO/TPR responding from an uninstructed task to an instructed reappraisal task. Habitual use of reappraisal was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The analyses report upon 173 young adults (121 women, 52 men). Cardiovascular parameters were measured continuously using the Finometer Pro. All participants demonstrated similar cardiovascular habituation during the second stress exposure (lower SBP, CO, and HR); suggesting that reappraisal did not aid cardiovascular habituation to recurrent stress. Reappraisal instructions did not lead to a challenge-oriented response compared to both the control group and responses to the uninstructed task. This study is the first to examine the relationship between instructed reappraisal and cardiovascular habituation and identifies that habitual use of reappraisal does not interact with reappraisal instructions to influence cardiovascular responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán M Griffin
- SASHLab, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Howard
- SASHLab, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Ahmad M, Tyra AT, Ginty AT, Brindle RC. Trait neuroticism does not relate to cardiovascular reactivity or habituation to repeated acute psychosocial stress. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 165:112-120. [PMID: 33915234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism has been associated with adverse cardiovascular health. Adverse cardiovascular health outcomes have also been linked to cardiovascular reactivity and cardiovascular reactivity habituation to acute psychosocial stress. As such, cardiovascular stress reactivity and habituation may be a factor in the association between neuroticism and disease risk. However, studies of the relationship between neuroticism and cardiovascular reactivity have produced mixed results. Moreover, the relationships between neuroticism, cardiovascular reactivity habituation, and general affect across a repeated stress paradigm have not been examined. The present study aimed to assess the relationships between neuroticism, positive and negative affect, and cardiovascular reactivity and habituation to acute psychosocial stress in a large, demographically diverse sample. Participants (N = 426) completed two 4-min mental arithmetic stressors, each with a separate baseline, in a single laboratory session while having discrete blood pressure and heart rate measurements taken. State positive and negative affect were measured immediately following informed consent, after receiving task instructions, and after each stress task. Trait neuroticism was measured using the Big Five Inventory. Each stress task elicited significant cardiovascular changes. Trait neuroticism was not significantly associated with cardiovascular reactivity or cardiovascular reactivity habituation, within or across stress tasks (all p's > 0.12). Across the entire study protocol, neuroticism was significantly related to lower positive affect and higher negative affect (both p's < 0.001). Trait neuroticism did not relate to stress-related cardiovascular adjustments but might confer a predisposition toward high negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midha Ahmad
- Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Annie T Ginty
- Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
| | - Ryan C Brindle
- Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, United States of America.
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Cosma GA, Chiracu A, Stepan AR, Cosma MA, Nanu MC, Voinea F, Bibi KW, Păunescu C, Haddad M. COVID-19 Pandemic and Quality of Life among Romanian Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084065. [PMID: 33921546 PMCID: PMC8069478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze athletes' quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved 249 athletes between 15 and 35 of age, M = 21.22, SD = 5.12. The sample was composed of eight Olympic Games medalists, three European medalists, 67 international medalists, and 63 national medalists. The instruments used were: (1) COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, (2) Athlete Quality of Life Scale, (3) Impact of Pandemic on Athletes Questionnaire, and (4) International Personality Item Pool (IPIP Anxiety, Depression, and Vulnerability Scales). The results indicate significant differences in COVID-19 anxiety depending on the sport practiced, F (9239) = 3.81, p < 0.01, showing that there were significant differences between sports. The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic mediates the relationship between trait anxiety and the athletes' quality of life. The percentage of mediation was 33.9%, and the indirect effect was -0.11, CI 95% (-0.18, -0.03), Z = -2.82, p < 0.01. Trait anxiety has an increasing effect on the intensity of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, 0.23, CI 95% (.10, 0.35), Z = 3.56, p < 0.01, and the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has a decreasing effect on quality of life, -0.47, CI 95% (-0.67, -0.27), Z = -4.62, p < 0.01. Gender and age did not moderate the relationship between the negative impact of COVID-19 and athletes' quality of life. The results of the study highlighted the impact that social isolation and quarantine have on athletes' affective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germina-Alina Cosma
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania; (G.-A.C.); (A.R.S.); (M.A.C.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Alina Chiracu
- Faculty of Psychology and Science Education, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Amalia Raluca Stepan
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania; (G.-A.C.); (A.R.S.); (M.A.C.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Marian Alexandru Cosma
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania; (G.-A.C.); (A.R.S.); (M.A.C.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Marian Costin Nanu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania; (G.-A.C.); (A.R.S.); (M.A.C.); (M.C.N.)
| | - Florin Voinea
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University Ovidius of Constanța, 900470 Constanța, Romania;
| | - Khalid Walid Bibi
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Cătălin Păunescu
- Physical Education Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Monoem Haddad
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-3045-3309
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O'Súilleabháin PS, Turiano NA, Gerstorf D, Luchetti M, Gallagher S, Sesker AA, Terracciano A, Sutin AR. Personality pathways to mortality: Interleukin-6 links conscientiousness to mortality risk. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:238-244. [PMID: 33571630 PMCID: PMC7979517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality is associated consistently with mortality hazards, but the physiological pathways are not yet clear. Immune system dysregulation may be one such pathway due to its role in age-related morbidity and mortality. In this preregistered study, we tested whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) mediated the associations between personality traits and mortality hazards. The sample included 957 participants (M ± SD = 58.65 ± 11.51 years; range = 35-86 years) from the Midlife in the United States Survey that had 14 years of follow-up. Higher conscientiousness was associated with lower mortality hazards, with each one standard deviation higher conscientiousness associated with a 35% lower mortality risk. IL-6, but not CRP, partially mediated this association, with IL-6 accounting for 18% of this association in the fully adjusted model. While there was initial evidence that the biomarkers mediated both neuroticism and agreeableness and mortality risk, the indirect effects were not significant when controlling for the sociodemographic variables. Taken together, higher conscientiousness may lead to a longer life partially as a result of lower IL-6. This work highlights the importance of biological pathways that link personality to future mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Páraic S O'Súilleabháin
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Stephen Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Amanda A Sesker
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
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12
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Poon K, Jiang Y. Sexual objectification increases retaliatory aggression. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:291-304. [PMID: 32212173 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether sexual objectification increases retaliatory aggression serially through increased vulnerability and hostile intent attributions. Female participants were first exposed to the sexual objectification manipulation by receiving compliments from an online male partner (Experiment 1) or imagining a workplace objectification experience (Experiment 2). Afterward, their vulnerability and hostile intent attributions were assessed. Finally, they were given an opportunity to behave aggressively toward the source of objectification. The results of both experiments indicated that, compared with their counterparts in the control conditions, participants in the sexual objectification condition reported higher levels of vulnerability, hostile intent attributions, and aggression. Moreover, vulnerability and hostile intent attributions serially mediated the effect of sexual objectification on aggression. These findings highlight the critical influence of vulnerability and hostile intent attributions in understanding how sexual objectification increases aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐Tak Poon
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Psychosocial HealthThe Education University of Hong Kong Tai Po Hong Kong
| | - Yufei Jiang
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Psychosocial HealthThe Education University of Hong Kong Tai Po Hong Kong
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