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Thompson B, Meynadasy M, Hajcak G, Brush CJ. Accelerometer-based and self-reported physical activity and sedentary time and their relationships with the P300 in a Go/No-Go task in older adults. Brain Cogn 2024; 178:106168. [PMID: 38754283 PMCID: PMC11214732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Older adults who experience cognitive decline are more likely to have a reduced quality of life. Identifying lifestyle factors that may influence cognitive processing and in turn improve quality of life during older adulthood is an important area of interest. Cognitive function, as measured by the P300 event-related potential (ERP), has been noted to be modified by physical activity; however, no study to date has examined relationships between this neurophysiological measure and physical activity and sedentary time in older adults. Furthermore, there is a gap in understanding as to whether physical activity and sedentary time assessed using self-reported and accelerometer-based methods similarly relate to the P300. This study aimed to assess the P300 during a Go/No-Go task in relation to self-reported and accelerometer-based physical activity and sedentary time in a community sample of 75 older adults. Results indicated that participants engaging in more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had larger P300 amplitudes across self-reported and accelerometer-based measurements; however, no relationships between sedentary time and P300 amplitude were observed. Notably, accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity explained P300 amplitudes over and above self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity-an effect that remained significant even after accounting for age. Although these results highlight the importance of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in relation to cognitive function, as measured via the P300 in older adults, a secondary analysis indicated that engaging in lifestyle activity may have similar effects on the P300 as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. In sum, the present study highlights the role of habitual engagement in physical activity as a possible means for supporting cognitive function during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Melissa Meynadasy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Greg Hajcak
- School of Education and Counseling Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - C J Brush
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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Kao SC, Brush CJ, Wang CH. A multimodal approach integrating cognitive and motor demands into physical activity for optimal mental health: Methodological issues and future directions. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 286:235-258. [PMID: 38876577 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity is known for its positive effects on cognition and affect, with existing literature suggesting that these mental health benefits may be optimally experienced by incorporating cognitive and motor demands during physical activity (PA). However, the existing body of literature lacks a comprehensive guideline for designing the qualitative characteristics of a PA program. Accordingly, this narrative review aimed to (1) provide a working two-dimension model that operationally defines the cognitive and motor demands involved in PA and the rationale for systematically studying these qualitative aspects of PA, (2) identify methods to assess the cognitive and motor demands of PA and address associated methodological issues, and (3) offer potential future directions for research on the cognitive and motor aspects of PA in support of the development of PA programs designed to maximize PA-induced cognitive and affective benefits. We anticipate this article to inform the need for future research and development on this topic, aiming to create clear, evidence-based guidelines for designing innovative and effective PA interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christopher J Brush
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Chun-Hao Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Health, & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Brush CJ, Keith LR, Santopetro NJ, Burani K, Hajcak G. Associations between physical activity, sedentary time, and neurocognitive function during adolescence: Evidence from accelerometry and the flanker P300. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 286:151-178. [PMID: 38876574 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity and sedentary behavior are two lifestyle factors related to overall health during adolescence. Public health efforts emphasize the importance of increasing physical activity to improve physical and mental health outcomes, including neurocognitive functioning. However, the unique effects of sedentary behavior on neurocognitive functioning remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate associations between daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time, and neurocognitive functioning during adolescence. Fifty-seven participants (37% female) between the ages of 13 and 17 years wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for approximately 1 week to quantify daily MVPA and sedentary time prior to completing a flanker task to elicit P300 amplitude at a laboratory visit. Results indicated that daily MVPA and sedentary time exhibited unique, significant associations with P300 amplitude in opposing directions: increased daily MVPA was correlated with larger P300 amplitudes, while increased daily sedentary time was linked to reduced P300 amplitudes. Notably, these associations remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI-for-age percentile. These findings underscore the independent influence of daily MVPA and sedentary time on neurocognitive functioning during adolescence. Future research should explore whether modifying MVPA levels can improve neurocognitive outcomes-including the P300-during adolescence, and determine whether reducing sedentary time results in similar or differential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brush
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States.
| | - Lauren R Keith
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | | | - Kreshnik Burani
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Greg Hajcak
- School of Education and Counseling Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
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Zou Z, Zhao B, Ting KH, Wong C, Hou X, Chan CCH. Multisensory integration augmenting motor processes among older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1293479. [PMID: 38192281 PMCID: PMC10773807 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1293479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Multisensory integration enhances sensory processing in older adults. This study aimed to investigate how the sensory enhancement would modulate the motor related process in healthy older adults. Method Thirty-one older adults (12 males, mean age 67.7 years) and 29 younger adults as controls (16 males, mean age 24.9 years) participated in this study. Participants were asked to discriminate spatial information embedded in the unisensory (visual or audial) and multisensory (audiovisual) conditions. The responses made by the movements of the left and right wrists corresponding to the spatial information were registered with specially designed pads. The electroencephalogram (EEG) marker was the event-related super-additive P2 in the frontal-central region, the stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potentials (s-LRP) and response-locked lateralized readiness potentials (r-LRP). Results Older participants showed significantly faster and more accurate responses than controls in the multisensory condition than in the unisensory conditions. Both groups had significantly less negative-going s-LRP amplitudes elicited at the central sites in the between-condition contrasts. However, only the older group showed significantly less negative-going, centrally distributed r-LRP amplitudes. More importantly, only the r-LRP amplitude in the audiovisual condition significantly predicted behavioral performance. Conclusion Audiovisual integration enhances reaction time, which associates with modulated motor related processes among the older participants. The super-additive effects modulate both the motor preparation and generation processes. Interestingly, only the modulated motor generation process contributes to faster reaction time. As such effects were observed in older but not younger participants, multisensory integration likely augments motor functions in those with age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zou
- Department of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benxuan Zhao
- Department of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kin-hung Ting
- University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clive Wong
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohui Hou
- Department of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chetwyn C. H. Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Buechner BM, Traylor MK, Feldman RI, Overstreet KF, Hill BD, Keller JL. Examining Relationships between Cognitive Flexibility, Exercise Perceptions, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2276-2289. [PMID: 37887162 PMCID: PMC10606434 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adults do not engage in enough physical activity. Investigating cognitive and physiological factors related to improving this behavior-and reducing health risks-remains a public health priority. Our objective was to assess whether cognitive flexibility influenced perceptions and choice of exercise programs and whether flexibility was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Independent sample groups of college-aged adults (18-24 yrs) participated in two studies. Data were collected on individuals' degree of cognitive flexibility (both self-reported and objectively measured), perceptions and choice of exercise programs, and health status markers known to be associated with CVD (vascular function, muscular strength, and body composition). Vascular function was assessed with a near-infrared spectroscopy device, strength was defined as handgrip, and body composition was estimated via digital circumferences. Self-reported flexibility reliably predicted individuals' choice of exercise program and perceptions of effort required for success on an exercise program. The relationships among CVD risk factors and objectively measured cognitive flexibility were not significant, demonstrating that identifying a healthy individual's degree of performance-based cognitive flexibility does not predict health status. Furthermore, although greater self-reported trait flexibility (rigidity) is known to predict higher (lower) likelihood of physical activity, this finding should not be extrapolated to also assume that flexibility (rigidity), as measured by objective cognitive tests, is associated with reduced CVD risk in healthy adults. We posit a rationale for how understanding cognitive flexibility and rigidity can play an impactful role in improving adherence to exercise prescriptions targeted to reducing risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M. Buechner
- Williams College of Business, Xavier University, 3718 Francis Xavier Way, Cincinnati, OH 45207, USA
| | - Miranda K. Traylor
- Integrative Laboratory of Exercise and Applied Physiology (iLEAP), Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, College of Education and Professional Studies, University of South Alabama, 171 Student Services Dr, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (M.K.T.)
| | - Rachel I. Feldman
- Integrative Laboratory of Exercise and Applied Physiology (iLEAP), Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, College of Education and Professional Studies, University of South Alabama, 171 Student Services Dr, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (M.K.T.)
| | - Kaitlyn F. Overstreet
- Integrative Laboratory of Exercise and Applied Physiology (iLEAP), Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, College of Education and Professional Studies, University of South Alabama, 171 Student Services Dr, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (M.K.T.)
| | - Benjamin D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Alabama, Humanities Room 118, Mobile, AL 36688, USA;
| | - Joshua L. Keller
- Integrative Laboratory of Exercise and Applied Physiology (iLEAP), Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, College of Education and Professional Studies, University of South Alabama, 171 Student Services Dr, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (M.K.T.)
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Cheng BJ, Wang J, Meng XL, Sun L, Hu B, Li HB, Sheng J, Chen GM, Tao FB, Sun YH, Yang LS. The association between essential trace element mixture and cognitive function in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113182. [PMID: 35026581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence about the effect of essential trace element (ETE) mixture on cognitive function amongst older adults is limited. This study aims to evaluate the associations of single ETEs and ETE mixture with cognitive function using a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults in China. METHODS A total of 3814 older adults were included in the study. Urinary concentrations of selenium (Se), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), strontium (Sr), and molybdenum (Mo) were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cognitive function in older adults was assessed using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were performed to explore the associations of single ETEs and ETE mixture with cognitive function, respectively. RESULTS Linear regression showed that urinary levels of Se and V were positively associated with MMSE scores in the adjusted single-element models. BKMR also showed marginally positive associations of Se and V with MMSE scores. Moreover, higher urinary levels of ETE mixture were significantly associated with increased MMSE scores in a dose-response pattern, and Se was the most important contributor within the mixture. Both Se and V demonstrated positive additive effects on the associations of other ETEs with MMSE scores, whereas Co had a negative additive effect. CONCLUSIONS V and Se are positively associated with cognitive function, individually and as a mixture. ETE mixture exhibits a linear dose-response association with improved cognitive function, with Se being the most important component within the mixture. Mixture analyses rather than single ETE analyses may provide a real-world perspective on the relationship between ETE mixture and cognitive function. Further cohort studies are needed to clarify the association of multiple ETEs with cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Jing Cheng
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiang-Long Meng
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Fuyang, Anhui 236069, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Fuyang Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Fuyang, Anhui 236069, China
| | - Huai-Biao Li
- Fuyang Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Fuyang, Anhui 236069, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Public Health, Experimental Center for Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Gui-Mei Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Ye-Huan Sun
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Lin-Sheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Bailey BW, Muir AM, Bartholomew CL, Christensen WF, Carbine KA, Marsh H, LaCouture H, McCutcheon C, Larson MJ. The impact of exercise intensity on neurophysiological indices of food-related inhibitory control and cognitive control: A randomized crossover event-related potential (ERP) study. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118162. [PMID: 34020012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-related inhibitory control, the ability to withhold a dominant response towards highly palatable foods, influences dietary decisions. Food-related inhibitory control abilities may increase following a bout of aerobic exercise; however, the impact of exercise intensity on both food-related inhibitory control and broader cognitive control processes is currently unclear. We used a high-powered, within-subjects, crossover design to test how relative intensity of aerobic exercise influenced behavioral (response time, accuracy) and neural (N2 and P3 components of the scalp-recorded event-related potential [ERP]) measures of food-related inhibitory and cognitive control. Two hundred and ten participants completed three separate conditions separated by approximately one week in randomized order: two exercise conditions (35% VO2max or 70% VO2max) and seated rest. Directly following exercise or rest, participants completed a food-based go/no-go task and a flanker task while electroencephalogram data were recorded. Linear mixed models showed generally faster response times (RT) and improved accuracy following 70% VO2max exercise compared to rest, but not 35% VO2max; RTs and accuracy did not differ between 35% VO2max exercise and rest conditions. N2 and P3 amplitudes were larger following 70% VO2max exercise for the food-based go/no-go task compared to rest and 35% VO2max exercise. There were no differences between exercise conditions for N2 amplitude during the flanker task; however, P3 amplitude was more positive following 70% VO2max compared to rest, but not 35% VO2max exercise. Biological sex did not moderate exercise outcomes. Results suggest improved and more efficient food-related recruitment of later inhibitory control and cognitive control processes following 70% VO2max exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce W Bailey
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 SFH, Provo, UT 84606, United States.
| | - Alexandra M Muir
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, United States
| | - Ciera L Bartholomew
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 SFH, Provo, UT 84606, United States
| | | | - Kaylie A Carbine
- Department of Psychology, California State University Dominguez Hills, United States
| | - Harrison Marsh
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 SFH, Provo, UT 84606, United States
| | - Hunter LaCouture
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 SFH, Provo, UT 84606, United States
| | - Chance McCutcheon
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 267 SFH, Provo, UT 84606, United States
| | - Michael J Larson
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, United States; Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, United States
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Yu W, Chen R, Zhang M, Li Z, Gao F, Yu S, Zhang X. Cognitive decline trajectories and influencing factors in China: A non-normal growth mixture model analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 95:104381. [PMID: 33657489 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increase in the aging population worldwide, cognitive decline has become an important research topic. The purpose of this study is to examine the cognitive development trajectories and influencing factors of different latent classes of Chinese elderly people. This will provide us with effective guidance for prevention and intervention. METHODS Four waves of data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were collected and included 2440 Chinese elderly individuals. The cognitive function of elderly individuals was measured using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). A nonnormal Growth Mixture model (GMM) with five time-invariant covariates was used to identify the different trajectories of cognitive decline in elderly individuals. RESULTS Three latent decline trajectory groups were identified: stable cognitive group (SCG), high initial level - cognitive decline group (HIL-CDG), and high initial level - cognitive decline group (LIL-CDG). Elderly women were more likely to be assigned to a lower level subgroup than men. People who smoked and played cards or mahjong were more likely to be assigned to a cognitively stable group. CONCLUSION Education may help raise the upper limit of cognition. Smoking may impair cognitive upper limit. A small amount of alcohol intake and participation in cognitive and physical activities may help the elderly to delay cognitive decline in their later years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Yu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Ruhu Town Central Primary School, Huizhou, China
| | - Minqiang Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China.
| | - Zonglong Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangxin Gao
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sufang Yu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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