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Tu S, Zeng X, Liu T, Zeng J. Emotion Regulation Can Effectively Improve Decision-Making Behaviors of Individuals Who Use Methamphetamine. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38950356 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20240612-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Negative emotions can cause people to make irrational decisions, and decision-making disorders may lead individuals who use methamphetamine (meth) to relapse. Therefore, the current study was performed to investigate whether emotion regulation (ER) can improve negative emotions and thus improve decision-making behavior of individuals who use meth. METHOD Based on the Iowa Gambling Task, a three-factor mixed experimental design was used to examine the effects of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies on negative emotions and decision-making behaviors of 157 individuals who use meth. RESULTS Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were effective in reducing participants' negative emotions and improving decision-making behaviors. Specifically, two types of ER strategies were effective in improving decision-making abilities of participants with negative emotional distress, and cognitive reappraisal was more effective than expressive suppression. CONCLUSION Regarding cognitive reappraisal, female participants showed better decision-making behavior than males, which predicts that females who use meth might be more adept at using cognitive reappraisal. This finding suggests that mental health providers should aid substance users in managing their negative emotions and also pay attention to gender differences during the nursing process. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].
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Trentini E, Dan-Glauser E. Which emotion regulation strategy is efficient for whom? Reappraisal and suppression efficiency for adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38801169 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the efficiency of different emotion regulation strategies, specifically reappraisal and suppression, in relation to adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles. BACKGROUND Personality conditions emotions and influences emotion regulation. Of the available regulation strategies, reappraisal (reinterpreting the situation) is described as an efficient strategy, whereas suppression (not displaying the experienced emotion) carries higher physiological and cognitive costs. Little is known, however, about the influence of personality on these efficiencies. METHOD We tested the personality structure of 102 participants (Meanage = 20.75, SDage = 2.15), based on the Five-Factor Model and the Maladaptive Personality Trait Model. Experience, expressivity, and physiological arousal were recorded during the viewing of emotionally charged positive and negative images while participants reappraised, suppressed, or viewed the images without regulating their emotions. RESULTS We identified two clusters for adaptive personality ("Adaptive Resilient" and "Anti-resilient") and two for maladaptive personality ("Maladaptive Resilient" and "Under-controlled"). The major finding was for emotional experience in maladaptive personalities, where reappraisal was efficient in the Maladaptive Resilient profile, while none of the strategies brought relief in the Under-controlled profile. CONCLUSION This study, which systematically contrasts personality and efficiency of emotion regulation strategies, is one of the first attempts to refine the understanding of how personality influences the emotional regulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Trentini
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elise Dan-Glauser
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kosonogov V, Ntoumanis I, Hajiyeva G, Jääskeläinen I. The role of engagement and arousal in emotion regulation: an EEG study. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:179-193. [PMID: 37994917 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression are well-studied strategies of emotion regulation (ER). However, the results on their physiological basis are controversial. While in some studies, ER was accompanied by the inhibition of the nervous system, others suggested that ER even might increase arousal and engagement. We calculated the inter-subject correlation (ISC) and indices of engagement, valence and arousal of EEG during suppression, reappraisal, or natural watching of neutral and negative videos. First, both suppression and reappraisal provoked a higher ISC in comparison with watching negative or neutral videos. We consider this as a marker of engagement to the task and feedback processing required for ER. Second, the engagement index was lower during ER compared to watching negative videos in central electrodes, whereas both strategies provoked a higher engagement in frontal electrodes. Third, the arousal index of EEG was higher during all negative conditions; therefore, regulation required a certain level of arousal. In summary, different EEG measures seem to be sensitive to different aspects of ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kosonogov
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Krivokolenny 3, Moscow, Russia, 101000.
| | - Ioannis Ntoumanis
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Krivokolenny 3, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - Gullu Hajiyeva
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Krivokolenny 3, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - Iiro Jääskeläinen
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Krivokolenny 3, Moscow, Russia, 101000
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Qiu X, He Z, Cao X, Zhang D. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation affect explicit but not implicit emotion regulation: a meta-analysis. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:15. [PMID: 37726856 PMCID: PMC10510188 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) refers to the process through which people influence the occurrence, experience, and expression of emotions. It can be established in an explicit (voluntary) or implicit (automatic) way, both of which are essential for mental and physical well-being. Recent evidence has highlighted the potential of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to modulate ER. However, previous studies have only evaluated the effects of TMS and tDCS on explicit ER, leaving implicit ER relatively unexplored. In this review and meta-analysis, we systematically evaluated the effects of TMS and tDCS over the PFC on the two forms of ER, using both subjective and physiological response as outcome indicators. Twenty-seven studies were included in our study. Both subjective (Hedges' g = - 0.20) and physiological (Hedges' g = - 0.65) results indicated a significant effect of TMS and tDCS targeting PFC on down-regulation of explicit ER, but not implicit ER (Hedges' g = - 0.04). Moreover, moderation analysis indicated that the effect of TMS and tDCS on the down-regulating of subjective experience was moderated by several factors, including stimulation method, target area, target hemisphere, and stimulation timing. Specifically, our results showed that applying TMS or targeting the right PFC, particularly the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, or using offline TMS and tDCS produced a larger stimulation effect on ER. In summary, these findings suggest that TMS and tDCS has a positive effect on explicit, but not implicit ER. The distinct TMS and tDCS effect on the two forms of ER help deepen our understanding of TMS and tDCS use and provide valuable insights for the development of tailored TMS and tDCS protocols for explicit and implicit regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufu Qiu
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhenhong He
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xueying Cao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China.
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Domic-Siede M, Guzmán-González M, Burgos J, Carvallo C, Flores-Guerra C, Fredes-Valenzuela C, Suazo J, Véliz-García O, Calderón C, Sánchez-Corzo A, Perrone-Bertolotti M, Marín-Medina J. Emotion regulation strategies and the two-dimensional model of adult attachment: a pilot study. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1141607. [PMID: 37484522 PMCID: PMC10359990 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1141607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emotion Regulation plays a crucial role in human's daily lives. Extensive research has shown that people with different attachment orientations exhibit divergencies in how they perform emotion regulation strategies. Methods 44 adults performed an experimental emotion regulation task in which they were instructed to attend, reappraise, or suppress their emotions while viewing negative and neutral images taken from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Afterward, participants rated valence, arousal, and emotional dominance elicited by the images. Additionally, attachment orientations were measured using the ECR-12 questionnaire. Results Results showed a relationship between attachment avoidance and the level of arousal during the reappraisal condition; specifically, the higher attachment avoidance levels, the greater the emotional intensity during the implementation of cognitive reappraisal strategy. Such results suggest an association between failing in downregulate intense emotions using cognitive reappraisal when there are higher levels of attachment avoidance. Consistently, we also found that lower dominance during reappraisal was associated with more levels of avoidance. Conclusion These results indicate that people with higher levels of attachment avoidance experience difficulties when using the cognitive reappraisal strategy to reduce the emotional impact produced by negative emotional stimuli. Our findings reinforce the idea that avoidant people experience high physiological activation when experience emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Domic-Siede
- Núcleo de Investigación en Neurociencia Cognitiva y Afectiva, Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Mónica Guzmán-González
- Núcleo de Investigación en Neurociencia Cognitiva y Afectiva, Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Josefa Burgos
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Catalina Carvallo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Camila Flores-Guerra
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Constanza Fredes-Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Javiera Suazo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Oscar Véliz-García
- Núcleo de Investigación en Neurociencia Cognitiva y Afectiva, Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Carlos Calderón
- Núcleo de Investigación en Neurociencia Cognitiva y Afectiva, Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Corzo
- Multimodal Functional Brain Imaging and Neurorehabilitation Hub, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Marín-Medina
- Unidad de Terapia Familiar, Centro de Intervención y Asesoría Psicosocial CIAP, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
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Trentini E, Dan-Glauser E. Use of difference index approach to analyze the early dynamic efficiency of reappraisal and suppression. METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.metip.2023.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Jääskeläinen IP, Kosonogov V. Perspective taking in the human brain: complementary evidence from neuroimaging studies with media-based naturalistic stimuli and artificial controlled paradigms. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1051934. [PMID: 36875238 PMCID: PMC9975546 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1051934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Perception and interpretation of various types of events and information in life crucially depend on one's perspective. A specific perspective can be explicitly adopted, for example, via instructing an experimental subject, implicitly via a priori information given to subjects, and by subjects' personality traits or cultural background. The neural basis of perspective taking has been addressed in a number of recent neuroimaging studies, some of which have used movies and narratives as media-based stimuli to pursue a holistic understanding of the phenomenon under ecologically valid conditions. Results across these studies suggest that the human brain flexibly adapts to support the information-processing needs of different perspectives, however, also that inferior temporal-occipital areas and posterior-medial parietal areas are engaged across different perspectives. These findings are complemented by studies that have investigated specific aspects of perspective taking with highly controlled experimental designs. They have disclosed involvement of the temporoparietal junction in visual perspective taking and the importance of the affective component of the pain matrix when empathizing with others' pain. Identification with the protagonists also seems to matter, as dorsomedial vs. ventromedial prefrontal areas are recruited when the protagonist is dissimilar vs. similar to self. Finally, as a translational aspect, perspective taking can, under certain conditions, serve as an effective emotion regulation technique, wherein lateral and medial regions of the prefrontal cortex seem to support reappraisal processes. Together, findings from studies with media-based stimuli and more traditional paradigms complement each other to gain a comprehensive understanding of the neural basis of perspective taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Vladimir Kosonogov
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
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Maalouf E, Hallit S, Salameh P, Hosseini H. Depression, anxiety, insomnia, stress, and the way of coping emotions as risk factors for ischemic stroke and their influence on stroke severity: A case-control study in Lebanon. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1097873. [PMID: 36896347 PMCID: PMC9988919 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1097873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. There are numerous debates regarding the relationship between depression, anxiety, insomnia, perceived stress, and ischemic stroke. Moreover, no research on the efficacy of emotion regulation, which is critical for various components of healthy affective and social adaptability, is being conducted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the MENA region to shed light on the relationship between these conditions and stroke risk, aiming to determine whether depression, anxiety, insomnia, stress, and the way of coping with emotions may be risk factors for ischemic stroke occurrence and to further investigate the ability of two specific types of emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) as possible moderators of the relationship between these psychological diseases and ischemic stroke risk. As a secondary objective, we sought to determine how these pre-existing conditions affect stroke severity levels. METHODS This is a case-control survey study involving 113 Lebanese inpatients with a clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke admitted in hospitals and rehabilitation centers in Beirut and Mount Lebanon, and 451 gender-matched volunteers without clinical signs of stroke as controls recruited from the same hospitals as the cases or attending outpatient clinics for illnesses or treatments unconnected to stroke or transient ischemic attack, as well as visitors or relatives of inpatients (April 2020-April 2021). Data was collected by filling out an anonymous paper-based questionnaire. RESULTS According to the outcomes of the regression model, depression (aOR: 1.232, 95%CI: 1.008-1.506), perceived stress (aOR: 1.690, 95%CI: 1.413-2.022), a lower educational level (aOR: 0.335, 95%CI: 0.011-10.579), and being married (aOR: 3.862, 95%CI: 1.509-9.888) were associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. The moderation analysis revealed that expressive suppression had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between depression, anxiety, perceived stress, insomnia, and ischemic stroke risk, resulting in an increased risk of stroke incidence. In contrast, cognitive reappraisal significantly reduced the risk of ischemic stroke by moderating the association between ischemic stroke risk and the following independent variables: perceived stress and insomnia. On the other hand, our multinomial regression model revealed that the odds of moderate to severe/severe stroke were significantly higher in people with pre-stroke depression (aOR: 1.088, 95% CI: 0.747-1.586) and perceived stress (aOR: 2.564, 95% CI: 1.604-4.100) compared to people who had never had a stroke. CONCLUSION Despite several limitations, the findings of our study suggest that people who are depressed or stressed are more likely to have an ischemic stroke. Consequently, additional research into the causes and effects of depression and perceived stress may provide new directions for preventive strategies that can help reduce the risk of stroke. Since pre-stroke depression and perceived stress were also found to be strongly correlated with stroke severity, future studies should evaluate the association between pre-stroke depression, perceived stress, and stroke severity to gain a deeper understanding of the complex interaction between these variables. Lastly, the study shed new light on the role of emotion regulation in the relationship between depression, anxiety, perceived stress, insomnia, and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Maalouf
- Life and Health Sciences Department, Paris-Est University, Paris, France
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon.,Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Épidémiologie Clinique et Toxicolo-gie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Hosseini
- Faculté de Santé, UPE-C, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,Hopital Henri Mondor, APHP, Créteil, France
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Zhu C, Zhao X, Lu F, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Kou D, Liu D, Luo W. Estimation Strategy Utilization Is Modulated by Implicit Emotion Regulation: Evidence from Behavioral and Event-Related Potentials Studies. Brain Sci 2022; 13:brainsci13010077. [PMID: 36672058 PMCID: PMC9857239 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have studied the influence of emotional experience on an individual's estimation performance, but the influence of implicit emotion regulation is still unknown. Participants were asked to complete the following tasks in order: idiom matching task, multiplication computational estimation task (MCE task), gender judgment task (GJ task), and emotional experience intensity assessment task. The words matching task was adopted to achieve the purpose of implicit emotion regulation (implicit reappraisal and implicit suppression). Behavioral results showed that implicit reappraisal and implicit suppression equally contributed to improving an individual's estimation speed (but not ACC (accuracy)). The MCE task related ERP (event-related potential) results showed that the influence of implicit emotion regulation on estimation consisted of two phases. In the first phase (encoding phase), implicit reappraisal both enhanced (larger P1 amplitudes) and weakened (smaller N170 amplitudes) an individual's encoding sensitivity, while implicit suppression enhanced an individual's encoding sensitivity (larger P1 amplitudes). In the second phase (estimation strategies retrieval phase), implicit reappraisal (but not implicit suppression) cost more attention resources (larger LPC2 and LPC3 amplitudes). The present study suggested that both implicit reappraisal and implicit suppression contributed to improving an individual's estimation performance, and the regulation effect of implicit suppression (vs. implicit reappraisal) was better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlin Zhu
- School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Feng Lu
- College of Educational Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Foreign Languages, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Police Officer Academy, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dongquan Kou
- School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (D.L.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-0514-8797-5536 (D.K.); +86-0512-6588-0832 (D.L.); +86-411-8215-3336 (W.L.)
| | - Dianzhi Liu
- School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (D.L.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-0514-8797-5536 (D.K.); +86-0512-6588-0832 (D.L.); +86-411-8215-3336 (W.L.)
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, China
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (D.L.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-0514-8797-5536 (D.K.); +86-0512-6588-0832 (D.L.); +86-411-8215-3336 (W.L.)
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Liu Q, Chen W, Preece DA, Xu D, Li H, Liu N, Fu G, Wang Y, Qian Q, Gross JJ, Liu L. Emotion dysregulation in adults with ADHD: The role of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:267-276. [PMID: 36162656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a common clinical feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study examined the role of cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES) in adults with ADHD. In addition, resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data were analyzed to identify neural substrates of CR/ES-ED relationships. METHODS A total of 309 adults with ADHD and 163 healthy controls were recruited. ED was assessed using the 'emotional control' (EC) subscale from Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was used to measure CR and ES. The functional connectivities (FCs) with the amygdala as Region of Interest, were analyzed in a subsample to explore their association with CR, ES and EC, respectively. RESULTS Higher EC scores (indicative of lesser emotional control), as well as lower CR and higher ES utilization were detected in adults with ADHD compared with healthy controls. CR and ES were both negatively correlated with EC in adults with ADHD. Mediation analysis detected a potential effect of ADHD diagnosis on EC via CR. In addition, a unique significant mediation effect was found between ES-related FC of the right amygdala-prefrontal cortex and ED expression in adults with ADHD, confirming the '↑ES → ↓FCs [amygR-PFC] →↓EC' relationship. LIMITATIONS Only self-reported scales and rs-fMRI data were included in these analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide preliminary evidence that in adults with ADHD, less frequent use of CR accounts for ED expression, while more frequent use of ES may play a unique compensatory role in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrong Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wai Chen
- Mental Health Service, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia; Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.; School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; The enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - David A Preece
- The enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Defeng Xu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guanghui Fu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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Liao S, Xiao W, Wang Y. Sex Differences in the Effects of Cognitive Reappraisal Training on Conditioned Fear Responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15837. [PMID: 36497911 PMCID: PMC9739676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in emotion regulation strategies may impact sex differences in affective disorders. Using cognitive reappraisal strategy in the discriminative task of conditioned fear was studied to understand how sex differences in emotion regulation impact on conditioned fear in men and women. College students with low cognitive reappraisal scores completed the task of conditioned fear during two days: acquisition and extinction at the first day, and re-extinction at the second day. The reappraisal training was carried out before conditioned fear task. The self-reported fear rating of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and US-expectancy in the conditioned fear (unconditioned stimulus, US) were analyzed. Results showed all subjects acquired conditional fear and successfully distinguished CS+ from CS-. Cognitive reappraisal significantly reduces the fear rating and improves the extinction of US-expectancy in both sexes, but the fear rating in female reappraisal group decreases more slowly than that in male reappraisal group, as well as the extinction of US-expectancy in woman requiring a longer time and more trials of extinction than that in men. For individuals with low cognitive reappraisal scores, cognitive reappraisal promotes the extinction of conditioned fear in both males and females. Because of the original gender difference of conditioned fear extinction and emotion regulation, the effect of cognitive reappraisal on conditioned fear is complex, which shows differently in influence speed and practice effect.
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Leppanen J, Patsalos O, Surguladze S, Kerr-Gaffney J, Williams S, Tchanturia K. Evaluation of film stimuli for the assessment of social-emotional processing: a pilot study. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14160. [PMID: 36444380 PMCID: PMC9700451 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Difficulties in top-down and bottom-up emotion generation have been proposed to play a key role in the progression of psychiatric disorders. The aim of the current study was to develop more ecologically valid measures of top-down interpretation biases and bottom-up evoked emotional responses. Methods A total of 124 healthy female participants aged 18-25 took part in the study. We evaluated two sets of 18 brief film clips. The first set of film clips presented ambiguous social situations designed to examine interpretation biases. Participants provided written interpretations of each ambiguous film clip which were subjected to sentiment analysis. We compared the films in terms of the valence of participants interpretations. The second set of film clips presented neutral and emotionally provoking social scenarios designed to elicit subjective and facial emotional responses. While viewing these film clips participants mood ratings and facial affect were recorded and analysed using exploratory factor analyses. Results Most of the 18 ambiguous film clips were interpreted in the expected manner while still retaining some ambiguity. However, participants were more attuned to the negative cues in the ambiguous film clips and three film clips were identified as unambiguous. These films clips were deemed unsuitable for assessing interpretation bias. The exploratory factor analyses of participants' mood ratings and evoked facial affect showed that the positive and negative emotionally provoking film clips formed their own factors as expected. However, there was substantial cross-loading of the neutral film clips when participants' facial expression data was analysed. Discussion A subset of the film clips from the two tasks could be used to assess top-down interpretation biases and bottom-up evoked emotional responses. Ambiguous negatively valenced film clips should have more subtle negative cues to avoid ceiling effects and to ensure there is enough room for interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Leppanen
- Department of Neuroimaging, King’s College London, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Patsalos
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Surguladze
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jess Kerr-Gaffney
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, King’s College London, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ketevan Tchanturia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust National Eating Disorder Service, London, United Kingdom
- Psychology Department, Illia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Zhang W, Guo S, Liu J, He Y, Song M, Chen L. Linking emotion regulation strategies to employee motivation: The mediating role of guanxi harmony in the Chinese context. Front Psychol 2022; 13:837144. [PMID: 35967625 PMCID: PMC9363703 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the mediating role of guanxi harmony, a concept of interpersonal relationships specific to the Chinese context, between leaders' emotion regulation strategies and employee motivation. Data were drawn from 489 on-the-job MBA students with enough management experience from thirteen different types of cities in China. The study tested the model using hierarchical regression. The results showed that the reappraisal strategy was positively related to employee motivation and the suppression strategy was negatively related to employee motivation in the Chinese context. Guanxi harmony played a partially mediating role between reappraisal and employee motivation, and played a fully mediating role between suppression and employee motivation. These findings suggest that in the Chinese context, guanxi harmony between leaders and employees has a positive effect on employee motivation, and when leaders apply appropriate emotion regulation strategies, they can achieve guanxi harmony and promote employee motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Zhang
- Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China
| | - Jiashu Liu
- Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
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Mohammed AR, Kosonogov V, Lyusin D. Is emotion regulation impacted by executive functions? An experimental study. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:182-190. [PMID: 35288956 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to exert influence on our emotions plays a significant role in the attainment of our goals. To have control over when and how we experience emotions is thought to be impacted by higher cognitive processes such as executive functions. However, there is inadequate research to support this notion. Hence, we examined the relationship between executive functions - updating, shifting, and inhibition - and emotion regulation strategies - cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. We predicted that updating would positively relate to cognitive reappraisal, while inhibition would positively relate to expressive suppression. Shifting would positively relate to both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Participants completed updating, shifting, and inhibition tasks. Then, they used expressive suppression or cognitive reappraisal strategies in response to unpleasant pictures, accompanied by a physiological recording. Faster updating was associated with a larger heart rate deceleration during reappraisal. Inhibition was associated with more frequent use of suppression. Overall, the results confirm the idea that a higher level of executive functions is partially related to the effective application of emotion regulation strategies. The content of executive function tasks does not affect the association between executive functions and emotion regulation. These findings are important for psychotherapy, as training executive functions could partially help in the treatment of mood-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Raheem Mohammed
- School of Psychology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Social and Behavioral Change, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | | | - Dmitry Lyusin
- School of Psychology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Lewczuk K, Wizła M, Oleksy T, Wyczesany M. Emotion Regulation, Effort and Fatigue: Complex Issues Worth Investigating. Front Psychol 2022; 13:742557. [PMID: 35250704 PMCID: PMC8888450 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.742557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Lewczuk
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wizła
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Oleksy
- Department of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Kim K, Kim SH, Kim S. Psychometric Properties of the Korean version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (K-ERQ) in a Clinical Sample. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:125-134. [PMID: 35124946 PMCID: PMC8898603 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) is one of the widely used instruments to assess emotion regulation skills in many countries, including Korea. However, its psychometric properties have not been validated within this population. Also, the ERQ has increasingly been used in studies with psychiatric patients despite a general lack of validation in clinical settings. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the ERQ (K-ERQ) using a clinical sample in Korea. METHODS One hundred and ninety-three psychiatric patients completed a packet of self-report measures, including K-ERQ, K-BDI-II, K-ASI-3, PCL-5-K, AUDIT-K. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was administered to investigate the factor structure of the K-ERQ, and internal reliability and validity were examined. RESULTS Results of the CFA supported the two-factor structure, but only after the removal of one item. The K-ERQ showed good internal consistency reliability, and its concurrent validity was also confirmed. Cognitive reappraisal was negatively correlated with depression and alcohol use disorder-related symptoms, and expressive suppression was positively correlated with depression, anxiety sensitivity, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related symptoms and alcohol use disorder-related symptoms. Significant group differences were found in the use of emotion regulation strategies; patients with PTSD reported the higher level of cognitive reappraisal than patients with depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. CONCLUSION The 9-itemed K-ERQ is a reliable and valid tool to assess the emotion regulation strategies in a Korean clinical sample. Our study also adds preliminary evidence on the usefulness of the ERQ in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Mental Health Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Koziakov R. The Main Approaches and Concepts of Creative Thinking. СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ 2022. [DOI: 10.17759/jmfp.2022110410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
<p>The research is aimed at systematizing the most effective approaches to the study of creative thinking in foreign and domestic science. The following directions of studying creative thinking are considered: on the basis with which it is associated; on the paradigm that underlies it; on essential grounds; on the typology of creative achievements; on the basis of the approach developed within a certain scientific school; on the study of the features of the activity process; on developing practices; on adherence to the main factor influencing creative thinking; based on the allocation of components in the structure; based on the differences between creative and non-creative thinking; compensation of undeveloped components of creative thinking by strengthening more developed ones; neuropsychological approach (cognitive), from the point of view of self-actualization of personality. After the analysis, we tend to believe that the multicomponent consideration of creative thinking is the most effective one. When studying and developing creative thinking, it is important to pay attention not only to the operational component of creative thinking, but also semantic, motivational, emotional components (interest, joy from engaging in creative activity), which determine moral meanings, attitudes, states that ensure the manifestation of creative thinking in activity. Only with the simultaneous development of semantic, activity and emotional components of creative thinking, its development will be the most harmonious one, being carried out with the less effort on the part of students and a teacher.</p>
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Affiliation(s)
- R.V. Koziakov
- Federal State Public Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation»
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