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Wang Z, Wilson CL, Easton J, Thrasher A, Mulder H, Liu Q, Hedges DJ, Wang S, Rusch MC, Edmonson MN, Levy S, Lanctot JQ, Caron E, Shelton K, Currie K, Lear M, Patel A, Rosencrance C, Shao Y, Vadodaria B, Yergeau D, Sapkota Y, Brooke RJ, Moon W, Rampersaud E, Ma X, Chang TC, Rice SV, Pepper C, Zhou X, Chen X, Chen W, Jones A, Boone B, Ehrhardt MJ, Krasin MJ, Howell RM, Phillips NS, Lewis C, Srivastava D, Pui CH, Kesserwan CA, Wu G, Nichols KE, Downing JR, Hudson MM, Yasui Y, Robison LL, Zhang J. Genetic Risk for Subsequent Neoplasms Among Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:2078-2087. [PMID: 29847298 PMCID: PMC6036620 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.77.8589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk of subsequent neoplasms (SNs), but the germline genetic contribution is largely unknown. We assessed the contribution of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) mutations in cancer predisposition genes to their SN risk. Patients and Methods Whole-genome sequencing (30-fold) was performed on samples from childhood cancer survivors who were ≥ 5 years since initial cancer diagnosis and participants in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study, a retrospective hospital-based study with prospective clinical follow-up. Germline mutations in 60 genes known to be associated with autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndromes with moderate to high penetrance were classified by their pathogenicity according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Relative rates (RRs) and 95% CIs of SN occurrence by mutation status were estimated using multivariable piecewise exponential regression stratified by radiation exposure. Results Participants were 3,006 survivors (53% male; median age, 35.8 years [range, 7.1 to 69.8 years]; 56% received radiotherapy), 1,120 SNs were diagnosed among 439 survivors (14.6%), and 175 P/LP mutations were identified in 5.8% (95% CI, 5.0% to 6.7%) of survivors. Mutations were associated with significantly increased rates of breast cancer (RR, 13.9; 95% CI, 6.0 to 32.2) and sarcoma (RR, 10.6; 95% CI, 4.3 to 26.3) among irradiated survivors and with increased rates of developing any SN (RR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.4 to 9.3), breast cancer (RR, 7.7; 95% CI, 2.4 to 24.4), nonmelanoma skin cancer (RR, 11.0; 95% CI, 2.9 to 41.4), and two or more histologically distinct SNs (RR, 18.6; 95% CI, 3.5 to 99.3) among nonirradiated survivors. Conclusion The findings support referral of all survivors for genetic counseling for potential clinical genetic testing, which should be prioritized for nonirradiated survivors with any SN and for those with breast cancer or sarcoma in the field of prior irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Wang
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carmen L. Wilson
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - John Easton
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew Thrasher
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Heather Mulder
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Qi Liu
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Dale J. Hedges
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shuoguo Wang
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael C. Rusch
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael N. Edmonson
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shawn Levy
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer Q. Lanctot
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Eric Caron
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kyla Shelton
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kelsey Currie
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Matthew Lear
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Aman Patel
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Celeste Rosencrance
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ying Shao
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bhavin Vadodaria
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Donald Yergeau
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Russell J. Brooke
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wonjong Moon
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Evadnie Rampersaud
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ti-Cheng Chang
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Stephen V. Rice
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Cynthia Pepper
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xin Zhou
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiang Chen
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wenan Chen
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Angela Jones
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Braden Boone
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Matthew J. Ehrhardt
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Matthew J. Krasin
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rebecca M. Howell
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nicholas S. Phillips
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Courtney Lewis
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Deokumar Srivastava
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chimene A. Kesserwan
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gang Wu
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - James R. Downing
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Melissa M. Hudson
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Leslie L. Robison
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Zhaoming Wang, Carmen L. Wilson, John Easton, Andrew Thrasher, Heather Mulder, Dale J. Hedges, Shuoguo Wang, Michael C. Rusch, Michael N. Edmonson, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Eric Caron, Kyla Shelton, Kelsey Currie, Matthew Lear, Aman Patel, Celeste Rosencrance, Ying Shao, Bhavin Vadodaria, Donald Yergeau, Yadav Sapkota, Russell J. Brooke, Wonjong Moon, Evadnie Rampersaud, Xiaotu Ma, Ti-Cheng Chang, Stephen V. Rice, Cynthia Pepper, Xin Zhou, Xiang Chen, Wenan Chen, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Matthew J. Krasin, Rebecca M. Howell, Nicholas S. Phillips, Courtney Lewis, Deokumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Gang Wu, Kim E. Nichols, James R. Downing, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, and Jinghui Zhang, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Qi Liu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Shawn Levy, Angela Jones, and Braden Boone, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL; and Rebecca M. Howell, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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