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Topkan E, Selek U, Haksoyler V, Kucuk A, Durankus NK, Sezen D, Bolukbasi Y, Pehlivan B. Postchemoradiotherapy Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Distant Metastasis and Survival Results in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancers. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:7473649. [PMID: 35685603 PMCID: PMC9159257 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7473649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MATERIALS AND METHODS Our retrospective research included a sum of 126 LAPAC patients who received CCRT. The NLR was calculated for each patient based on the complete blood count test results obtained on the last day of the CCRT. The availability of optimal cutoff(s) that might dichotomize the whole cohort into two groups with significantly different clinical outcomes was searched using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Primary and secondary endpoints were the potential association between the post-CCRT NLR measures and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 14.7 months (range: 2.4-94.5). The median and 3-year OS and DMFS rates for the whole group were 15.3 months (95% confidence interval: 12.4-18.2) and 14.5%, and 8.7 months (95% CI: 6.7-10.7) and 6.3% separately. The ROC curve analysis findings separated the patients into two groups on a rounded NLR cutoff of 3.1 (area under the curve (AUC): 75.4%; sensitivity: 74.2%; specificity: 73.9%) for OS and DMFS: NLR <3.1 (N = 62) and NLR ≥3.1 (N = 64), respectively. Comparisons between the NLR groups displayed that the median OS (11.4 vs. 21.4 months; P < 0.001) and DMFS (6.0 vs. 16.0 months; P < 0.001) lengths were significantly shorter in the NLR ≥3.1 group than its NLR <3.1 counterparts, as well as the 3-year actuarial DM rate (79.7% vs. 50.0%; P=0.003). The N1-2 nodal stage, CA 19-9>90 U/mL, and NLR >3.1 were found to be independent predictors of poor prognosis in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION The present study found that the posttreatment NLR ≥3.1 was independently linked with a higher risk of DM and subsequent degraded survival outcomes in unresectable LAPAC patients managed with exclusive CCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Topkan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ugur Selek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koc University Schoolof Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Radiation Oncology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Ahmet Kucuk
- Clinic of Radiation Oncology, Mersin Education and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Duygu Sezen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koc University Schoolof Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bolukbasi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koc University Schoolof Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Radiation Oncology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Berrin Pehlivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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The role of radiotherapy for pancreatic malignancies: a population-based analysis of the SEER database. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:76-83. [PMID: 34219204 PMCID: PMC8732853 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods and patients The patients with pancreatic cancer from 18 registered institutions in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were retrospectively analyzed. The characteristics of patients who would benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy were screened, as well as whether neoadjuvant or adjuvant radiotherapy conferred to a better clinical outcome. Propensity score matching was used to control for confounding features. Results Thirty thousand two hundred and forty-nine patients were included in this study (21,295 vs 8954 in surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy group); 1150 patients were matched in two groups. The median survivals in the surgery (S) group and adjuvant radiotherapy (S + R) group were 24 and 21 months, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates in the S group and S + R group were 68%, 40%, 31%, and 75%, 30%, 20%, respectively (p < 0.001), and the median OS was 22 and 25 months in S and S + R group after PSM, the former 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 73%, 45%, 30%, and 19%, and the later were 81%, 52%, 37%, and 24% (p = 0.0015), respectively; stratified analysis showed patients whose carcinoma located at pancreatic head with II stage infiltrating duct carcinoma (22 vs 25, p = 0.0276), T4 adenocarcinoma (28 vs 33, p = 0.0022), N1 stage adenocarcinoma (20 vs 23, p = 0.0203), and patients with infiltrating duct carcinoma received regional resection (23 vs 25, p = 0.028) and number of resected lymph node were ≥ 4 (22 vs 25, p = 0.009) had better OS after additional radiotherapy than surgery alone. Patients with pancreatic body/tail carcinoma III stage adenocarcinoma (13 vs, p = 0.0503) and T4 adenocarcinoma (14 vs, p = 0.0869) had survival advantage within 24 months for additional radiotherapy. However, patients with T2 stage adenocarcinoma located in pancreatic body/tail had better OS in surgery group than that in R + S group. Conclusions Additional radiotherapy may contribute to improved prognosis for patients with pancreatic head II stage infiltrating duct carcinoma, III stage adenocarcinoma, T4 stage carcinoma, N1 stage adenocarcinoma, regional resection, or number of lymphadenectomy ≥ 4 in infiltrating duct carcinoma. A specific subgroup of patients with specific stage and histological type pancreatic cancer should be considered for additional radiotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12094-021-02671-0.
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Kang SH, Bak DH, Lee SS, Bai HW, Chung BY, Kang BS. Radioprotective effects of centipedegrass extract on NIH-3T3 fibroblasts via anti-oxidative activity. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:419. [PMID: 33747159 PMCID: PMC7967821 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Centipedegrass originates from China and South America, and has been reported to contain several C-glycosyl flavones and phenolic compounds, including maysin and luteolin. The present study aimed to investigate the radioprotective activity of centipedegrass extract (CGE) in radiation exposed-fibroblasts and to assess the affected molecular pathway. The radioprotective effects of CGE were determined in NIH-3T3 cells using Cell Counting Kit-8 and morphological changes were observed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the apoptotic profile of NIH-3T3 cells were also measured. The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins [Bcl-2, Bcl-2 like protein 4 (Bax), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)], AKT and MAPK family proteins (ERK, p38 and JNK) were measured in vitro. The results demonstrated that when 3T3 fibroblasts pretreated with CGE were subjected to H2O2-induced cell damage, their viability was significantly decreased. Additionally, CGE pretreatment decreased ROS levels and the protein expression levels of cleaved PARP upon H2O2 treatment, indicating that CGE induced cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, significant protective effects of CGE against intracellular ROS, induced upon exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), were observed. The protective effects of CGE pretreatment were also determined by morphological observation of NIH-3T3 cells following exposure to IR. CGE pretreatment increased the expression levels of anti-apoptotic signals (Bcl-2, p-BAD) and decreased the levels of pro-apoptotic signals (Bax, Bad), and led to cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 proteins. Additionally, in cells pretreated with CGE, the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK was increased and that of p38 and JNK was decreased compared with in cells subjected only to IR. These results indicated that CGE may act as a radioprotector due to its anti-oxidative activity, restoring cell homeostasis and redox balance in radiation-exposed fibroblast cells. Therefore, it could be suggested that CGE may be an effective candidate in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases and in radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hee Kang
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiological Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
- Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
- Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Jeollabuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Sun Kang
- Department of Radiological Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
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Nakamura M, Nakao M, Mukumoto N, Ashida R, Hirashima H, Yoshimura M, Mizowaki T. Statistical shape model-based planning organ-at-risk volume: application to pancreatic cancer patients. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:014001. [PMID: 33227722 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abcd1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To introduce the concept of statistical shape model (SSM)-based planning organ-at-risk volume (sPRV) for pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS A total of 120 pancreatic cancer patients were enrolled in this study. After correcting inter-patient variations in the centroid position of the planning target volume (PTV), four different SSMs were constructed by registering a deformable template model to an individual model for the stomach and duodenum. The sPRV, which focused on the following different components of the inter-patient variations, was then created: Scenario A: shape, rotational angle, volume, and centroid position; Scenario B: shape, rotational angle, and volume; Scenario C: shape and rotational angle; and Scenario D: shape. The conventional PRV (cPRV) was created by adding an isotropic margin R (3-15 mm) to the mean shape model. The corresponding sPRV was created from the SSM until the volume difference between the cPRV and sPRV was less than 1%. Thereafter, we computed the overlapping volume between the PTV and cPRV (OLc) or sPRV (OLs) in each patient. OLs being larger than OLc implies that the local shape variations in the corresponding OAR close to the PTV were large. Therefore, OLs/OLc was calculated in each patient for each R-value, and the median value of OLs/OLc was regarded as a surrogate for plan quality for each R-value. RESULTS For R = 3 and 5 mm, OLs/OLc exceeded 1 for the stomach and duodenum in all scenarios, with a maximum OLs/OLc of 1.21. This indicates that smaller isotropic margins did not sufficiently account for the local shape changes close to the PTV. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that, in contrast to conventional PRV, SSM-based PRVs, which account for local shape changes, would result in better dose sparing for the stomach and duodenum in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Information Technology and Medical Engineering, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Low Systemic Inflammation Response Index Predicts Good Prognosis in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma Patients Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:5701949. [PMID: 32802045 PMCID: PMC7414371 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5701949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the prognostic significance of pretreatment systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) in locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma (LAPC) patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods Present retrospective cohort analysis investigated consecutive 154 LAPC patients who received radical CRT. The SIRI was defined as: SIRI = neutrophil × monocyte/lymphocyte counts. Ideal SIRI cutoff(s) influencing overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) results were sought by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The primary endpoint was the interaction between the SIRI and OS results. Results The median follow-up, PFS, and OS durations were 14.3 (range: 2.9-74.6), 7.9 [%95 confidence interval (CI): 5.7-10.1), and 14.7 months (%95 CI: 11.4-18.0) for the entire cohort, respectively. ROC curve analyses determined the ideal SIRI cutoff that exhibiting a significant link with OS and PFS outcomes at the rounded 1.6 point (AUC: 74.3%; sensitivity: 73.8%; specificity: 70.1%).The SIRI <1.6 patients (N = 58) had significantly superior median PFS (13.8 versus 6.7 months; P < 0.001) and OS (28.6 versus 12.6 months; P < 0.001) lengths than SIRI ≥1.6 patients (N = 96), respectively. Although the N0 (versus N1; P < 0.05) and CA 19-9 ≤90 U/mL (versus >90 U/mL) appeared as the other significant associates of better OS and PFS in univariate analyses, yet the results of multivariate analyses confirmed the SIRI <1.6 as the independent indicator of superior OS and PFS (P < 0.001 for each). Conclusion Pretreatment SIRI is a novel independent prognosticator that may further enhance the conventional tumor-node-metastases staging system in a more precise prediction of the OS and PFS outcomes of LAPC patients after radical CRT.
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Wang M, Huang S, Pei R, Lin J, Yang X. Endoscopic ultrasonography guided transgastric trans-portal system fine needle aspiration for diagnosing pancreatic head and uncinate process malignancy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:719. [PMID: 32042735 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a well-established technique for diagnosing pancreatic malignancy. In general, tissue of pancreatic head and uncinate process lesions is obtained via a transduodenal approach. However, this tissue-acquisition modality is not applicable in cases of pyloric obstruction and duodenal bulb ulceration. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility and safety of a novel EUS-guided transgastric trans-portal system FNA in the diagnosis of pancreatic head and uncinate process cancer. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 26 consecutive inpatient patients who had undergone EUS-FNA for highly suspected malignancy of pancreatic head or uncinate process between December 2013 and December 2018. EUS-guided transgastric trans-portal vein (trans-PV, n=2) or trans-superior mesenteric vein (trans-SMV, n=24) FNA was performed in the patients under conscious sedation. Feasibility, diagnostic yield and complication rates of the technique were evaluated. Results Specimens obtained by EUS-guided transgastric trans-portal system FNA were adequate for cytological evaluation in all 26 patients. Cytological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was established in 22 patients, while the remaining 4 patients were negative. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 92.3%, 91.7% and 100% respectively. No immediate or delayed procedure-related complications were observed. Conclusions EUS-guided transgastric trans-portal system FNA is a feasible and probably safe method for diagnosing pancreatic head and uncinate process malignancy. Careful selection of the potential candidates and close periprocedural observation are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the People's Hospital of Lianshui, Huaian 223400, China
| | - Rong Pei
- Department of Endoscopy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Xiujiang Yang
- Department of Endoscopy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Goldsmith C, Plowman PN, Green MM, Dale RG, Price PM. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) as primary, adjuvant, consolidation and re-treatment option in pancreatic cancer: scope for dose escalation and lessons for toxicity. Radiat Oncol 2018; 13:204. [PMID: 30340643 PMCID: PMC6194644 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-018-1138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) offers an alternative treatment for pancreatic cancer, with the potential for improved tumour control and reduced toxicity compared with conventional therapies. However, optimal dose planning and delivery strategies are unelucidated and gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity remains a key concern. METHODS Patients with inoperable non-metastatic pancreatic cancer who received CyberKnife® SABR (18-36 Gy) in three fractions as primary, adjuvant, consolidation or re-treatment options were studied. Patient individualised planning and delivery variables were collected and their impact on patient outcome examined. Linear-quadratic (LQ) radiobiology modelling methods were applied to assess SABR parameters against a conventional fractionated radiotherapy schedule. RESULTS In total 42 patients were included, 37 (88%) of whom had stage T4 disease. SABR was used > 6 months post-primary therapy to re-treat residual disease in 11 (26.2%) patients and relapsed disease in nine (21.4%) patients. SABR was an adjuvant to other primary therapy for 14 (33.3%) patients and was the sole primary therapy for eight (19.0%) patients. The mean (95% CI) planning target volume (PTV), prescription isodose, percentage cover, minimum dose to PTV and biological effective dose (BED) were 76.3(63.8-88.7) cc, 67.3(65.2-69.5)%, 96.6(95.5-97.7)%, 22.3(21.0-23.6) Gy and 50.3(47.7-53.0) Gy, respectively. Only 3/37 (8.1%) patients experienced Grade 3 acute toxicities. Two (4.8%) patients converted to resectable status and median freedom-from-local-progression (FFLP) and overall survival (OS) were 9.8 and 8.4 months, respectively. No late toxicity was experienced in 27/32 (84.4%) patients; however, four (12.5%) patients - of whom two had particularly large PTV, two had sub-optimal number of fiducials and three breached organ-at-risk (OAR) constraints-showed Grade 4 duodenal toxicities. Longer delivery time, extended treatment course and reduced percentage coverage additionally associated with late toxicity, likely reflecting parameters typically applied to riskier patients. Larger PTV size and longer treatment course associated with OS. Comparator regimen LQ modelling analysis indicated 50% of patients received minimum PTV doses less potent than a conventional radiotherapy regimen, indicating scope for dose escalation. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the value of SABR for a range of indications in pancreatic cancer. Dose escalation to increase BED may improve FFLP and OS in inoperable, non-metastatic disease: however concomitant enhanced stringency for duodenal protection is critical, particularly for patients where SABR is more challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Nicholas Plowman
- The London CyberKnife Centre, The Harley Street Clinic, 81 Harley Street, London, W1G 8PP, UK.,St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Melanie M Green
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roger G Dale
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia M Price
- The London CyberKnife Centre, The Harley Street Clinic, 81 Harley Street, London, W1G 8PP, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Clinical evaluation of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Radiat Oncol 2018; 13:118. [PMID: 29940984 PMCID: PMC6019294 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-018-1063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose was to retrospectively evaluate the effect of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) on gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities and outcomes compared to three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Methods We included 107 consecutive patients who underwent CRT for LAPC from September 2001 to March 2015; 80 patients underwent 3DCRT and 27 patients underwent IMRT. They were compared for GI toxicities, locoregional progression free survival (LRPFS), distant metastasis free survival (DMS), and overall survival (OS). Results Median radiation dose and fractions for 3DCRT and IMRT were 54 Gy/30 fr. and 48 Gy/15 fr. The regimens of CRT consisted of weekly gemcitabine 250 mg/m2 (for 3DCRT) or 1000 mg/m2 (for IMRT). Acute GI toxicity ≥grade 2 occurred in 32 patients (40%) treated with 3DCRT compared with five patients (19%) treated with IMRT. Late GI toxicity of grade 3 occurred in 10 patients (12%) treated with 3DCRT and one patient (4%) treated with IMRT. Patients who underwent IMRT had superior 1-year LRPFS (73.1% vs. 63.2%, p = 0.035) and 1-year OS (92.3% vs. 68.2%, p = 0.037) as compared with those treated with 3DCRT. Multivariate analysis showed that in IMRT patients, higher dose (≥45 Gy) was an independent factor for better LRPFS and OS. Conclusions LAPC patients treated with hypofractionated full-dose gemcitabine IMRT had improved OS and LRPFS without increased GI toxicities when compared to those of patients treated with conventionally fractionated low dose gemcitabine 3DCRT. In IMRT patients, higher dose was an independent favorable prognostic factor for better LRPFS and OS, which suggests that dose escalation with IMRT for LAPC is a promising strategy.
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Park JJ, Hajj C, Reyngold M, Shi W, Zhang Z, Cuaron JJ, Crane CH, O’Reilly EM, Lowery MA, Yu KH, Goodman KA, Wu AJ. Stereotactic body radiation vs. intensity-modulated radiation for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:1746-1753. [PMID: 28661823 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1342863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment option for unresectable pancreatic cancer, and is postulated to be more effective and less toxic than conventionally fractionated intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed unresectable stage I-III pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated from 2008 to 2016 at our institution with SBRT (five fractions, 30-33 Gy) or IMRT (25-28 fractions, 45-56 Gy with concurrent chemotherapy). Groups were compared with respect to overall survival (OS), local and distant failure, and toxicity. Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression model, and competing risks methods were used for univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS SBRT patients (n = 44) were older than IMRT (n = 226) patients; otherwise there was no significant difference in baseline characteristics. There was no significant difference in OS or local or distant failure. There was no significant difference in rates of subsequent resection (IMRT =17%, SBRT =7%, p = .11). IMRT was associated with more acute grade 2+ gastrointestinal toxicity, grade 2+ fatigue, and grade 3+ hematologic toxicity (p = .008, p < .0001, p = .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this analysis, SBRT achieves similar disease control outcomes as IMRT, with less acute toxicity. This suggests SBRT is an attractive technique for pancreatic radiotherapy because of improved convenience and tolerability with equivalent efficacy. However, the lack of observed advantages in disease control with this moderate-dose SBRT regimen may suggest a role for increasing SBRT dose, if this can be accomplished without significant increase in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carla Hajj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marsha Reyngold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weiji Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John J. Cuaron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher H. Crane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eileen M. O’Reilly
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maeve A. Lowery
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karyn A. Goodman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Abraham J. Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Mendonca MS, Turchan WT, Alpuche ME, Watson CN, Estabrook NC, Chin-Sinex H, Shapiro JB, Imasuen-Williams IE, Rangel G, Gilley DP, Huda N, Crooks PA, Shapiro RH. DMAPT inhibits NF-κB activity and increases sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to X-rays in vitro and in tumor xenografts in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:318-326. [PMID: 28782644 PMCID: PMC6322835 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the pro-survival transcription factor NF-κB has been associated with resistance to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy in many human cancers, including prostate cancer. Our lab and others have demonstrated that the natural product parthenolide can inhibit NF-κB activity and sensitize PC-3 prostate cancers cells to X-rays in vitro; however, parthenolide has poor bioavailability in vivo and therefore has little clinical utility in this regard. We show here that treatment of PC-3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cells with dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT), a parthenolide derivative with increased bioavailability, inhibits constitutive and radiation-induced NF-κB binding activity and slows prostate cancer cell growth. We also show that DMAPT increases single and fractionated X-ray-induced killing of prostate cancer cells through inhibition of DNA double strand break repair and also that DMAPT-induced radiosensitization is, at least partially, dependent upon the alteration of intracellular thiol reduction-oxidation chemistry. Finally, we demonstrate that the treatment of PC-3 prostate tumor xenografts with oral DMAPT in addition to radiation therapy significantly decreases tumor growth and results in significantly smaller tumor volumes compared to xenografts treated with either DMAPT or radiation therapy alone, suggesting that DMAPT might have a potential clinical role as a radiosensitizing agent in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Mendonca
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA; Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
| | - William T Turchan
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA; Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Melanie E Alpuche
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Christopher N Watson
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA; Richard L. Roudebush, VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Neil C Estabrook
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Helen Chin-Sinex
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Jeremy B Shapiro
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Imade E Imasuen-Williams
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Gabriel Rangel
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - David P Gilley
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - Nazmul Huda
- Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Peter A Crooks
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ronald H Shapiro
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA; Richard L. Roudebush, VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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11
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Wilson JM, Fokas E, Dutton SJ, Patel N, Hawkins MA, Eccles C, Chu KY, Durrant L, Abraham AG, Partridge M, Woodward M, O'Neill E, Maughan T, McKenna WG, Mukherjee S, Brunner TB. ARCII: A phase II trial of the HIV protease inhibitor Nelfinavir in combination with chemoradiation for locally advanced inoperable pancreatic cancer. Radiother Oncol 2016; 119:306-11. [PMID: 27117177 PMCID: PMC4917892 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nelfinavir can enhance intrinsic radiosensitivity, reduce hypoxia and improve vascularity. We conducted a phase II trial combining nelfinavir with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced inoperable pancreatic cancer (LAPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiotherapy (50.4Gy/28 fractions; boost to 59.4Gy/33 fractions) was administered with weekly gemcitabine and cisplatin. Nelfinavir started 3-10days before and was continued during CRT. The primary end-point was 1-year overall survival (OS). Secondary end-points included histological downstaging, radiological response, 1-year progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and treatment toxicity. An imaging sub-study (n=6) evaluated hypoxia ((18)F-Fluoromisonidazole-PET) and perfusion (perfusion CT) during induction nelfinavir. RESULTS The study closed after recruiting 23 patients, due to non-availability of Nelfinavir in Europe. The 1-year OS was 73.4% (90% CI: 54.5-85.5%) and median OS was 17.4months (90% CI: 12.8-18.8). The 1-year PFS was 21.8% (90% CI: 8.9-38.3%) and median PFS was 5.5months (90% CI: 4.1-8.3). All patients experienced Grade 3/4 toxicity, but many were asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities. Four of 6 patients on the imaging sub-study demonstrated reduced hypoxia and increased perfusion post-nelfinavir. CONCLUSIONS CRT combined with nelfinavir showed acceptable toxicity and promising survival in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Wilson
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouil Fokas
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Susan J Dutton
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Neel Patel
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Maria A Hawkins
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Cynthia Eccles
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Kwun-Ye Chu
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Radiotherapy, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Lisa Durrant
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Aswin G Abraham
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Mike Partridge
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Martha Woodward
- Early Phase Research Hub, Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Maughan
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - W Gillies McKenna
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Thomas B Brunner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Partner Site Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Eskander MF, Bliss LA, Tseng JF. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Curr Probl Surg 2016; 53:107-54. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Li YJ, Huang GL, Sun XL, Zhao XC, Li ZG. The combination therapy of high-intensity focused ultrasound with radiotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:60. [PMID: 26927794 PMCID: PMC4772296 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined application of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma (LAPC). METHODS A total number of sixteen patients with LAPC started treatment beginning with HIFU and radiotherapy 1 week after the HIFU treatment. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment was performed using main clinical symptoms, serum levels of CA-19-9, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guidelines, and the Kaplan-Meier method for estimating median overall survival (OS). The occurrence of adverse reactions was recorded. RESULTS The main clinical symptoms including abdominal pain and lower back pain were alleviated, and the mean visual analog scale (VAS) pain score declined from 5.1 points to just 3.3 points immediately after the HIFU treatment. The median pain relief time was 5.6 months after radiotherapy, serum CA-19-9 levels began to decrease significantly 1 week after the HIFU treatment, from 102.1 to 60.8 U/ml, and the median continuous decline time was 4.3 months after radiotherapy. Partial response (PR) was observed in seven of sixteen patients, with stable disease (SD) in four patients, and progressive disease (PD) in the remaining five patients at 6 months after radiotherapy. Serum levels of amylopsin and lipase were not elevated to abnormal levels. The median OS was 14 months. No serious adverse reactions occurred. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with both HIFU and radiotherapy can quickly improve symptoms and the quality of life and prolong survival lengths. This combination might be a promising therapeutic treatment for patients with LAPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiang Li
- Second Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi City, 832008, China.
| | - Gui-Lin Huang
- Second Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi City, 832008, China.
| | - Xu-Ling Sun
- Second Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi City, 832008, China.
| | - Xin-Chun Zhao
- Second Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi City, 832008, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- Second Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi City, 832008, China.
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14
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Jin L, Wang R, Jiang S, Yue J, Liu T, Dou X, Zhu K, Feng R, Xu X, Chen D, Yin Y. Dosimetric and clinical toxicity comparison of critical organ preservation with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and RapidArc for the treatment of locally advanced cancer of the pancreatic head. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:e41-8. [PMID: 26966412 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared dosimetry and clinical toxicity for 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-crt), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (imrt), and RapidArc (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, U.S.A.) in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (lapcc). We hypothesized that the technique with better sparing of organs at risk (oars) and better target dose distributions could lead to decreased clinical toxicity. METHODS The study analyzed 280 patients with lapcc who had undergone radiotherapy. The dosimetry comparison was performed using 20 of those patients. Dose-volume histograms for the target volume and the oars were compared. The clinical toxicity comparison used the 280 patients who received radiation with 3D-crt, imrt, or RapidArc. RESULTS Compared with 3D-crt, RapidArc and imrt both achieved a better conformal index, homogeneity index, V95%, and V110%. Compared with 3D-crt or imrt, RapidArc reduced the V10, V20, and mean dose to duodenum, the V20 of the right kidney, and the liver mean dose. Compared with 3D-crt, RapidArc reduced the V35, and V45 of duodenum, the mean dose to small bowel, and the V15 of right kidney. The incidences of grades 3 and 4 diarrhea (p = 0.037) and anorexia (p = 0.042) were lower with RapidArc than with 3D-crt, and the incidences of grades 3 and 4 diarrhea (p = 0.027) were lower with RapidArc than with imrt. CONCLUSIONS Compared with 3D-crt or imrt, RapidArc showed better sparing of oars, especially duodenum, small bowel, and right kidney. Also, fewer acute grades 3 and 4 gastrointestinal toxicities were seen with RapidArc than with 3D-crt or imrt. A technique with better sparing of oars and better target dose distributions could result in decreased clinical toxicities during radiation treatment for lapcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, P.R.C.;; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, P.R.C
| | - R Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, P.R.C
| | - S Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, P.R.C
| | - J Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, P.R.C
| | - T Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, P.R.C
| | - X Dou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, P.R.C
| | - K Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, P.R.C
| | - R Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, P.R.C
| | - X Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, P.R.C
| | - D Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, P.R.C.;; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, P.R.C
| | - Y Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, P.R.C
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15
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Higuchi Y, Koya T, Yuzawa M, Yamaoka N, Mizuno Y, Yoshizawa K, Hirabayashi K, Kobayashi T, Sano K, Shimodaira S. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Spot Assay for the Detection of Wilms' Tumor 1-Specific T Cells Induced by Dendritic Cell Vaccination. Biomedicines 2015; 3:304-315. [PMID: 28536414 PMCID: PMC5344226 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines3040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in cancer immunotherapy and the development of various assays for T cell assessment, a lack of universal standards within immune monitoring remains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay in comparison with major histocompatibility complex-tetramer analysis in the context of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy. METHODS The ELISpot assay was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells to assess reproducibility, daily precision, and linearity using HLA-A*24:02-restricted Cytomegalovirus peptide. Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells were then evaluated by both the ELISpot assay and WT1 tetramer analysis in peripheral blood from 46 cancer patients who received DC vaccinations pulsed with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*24:02-restricted modified WT1 peptides. RESULTS The ELISpot assay was proven to have reproducibility (coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 7.4% to 16.3%), daily precision (CV ranged from 5.0% to 17.3%), and linearity (r = 0.96-0.98). WT1-specific immune responses were detected by the ELISpot assay in 34 out of 46 patients (73.9%) post-vaccination. A Spearman's rank-correlation coefficient of 0.82 between the ELISpot assay and WT1 tetramer analysis was obtained. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a comparison of an ELISpot assay and tetramer analysis in the context of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy. The ELISpot assay has reproducibility, linearity, and excellent correlation with the WT1 tetramer analysis. These findings suggest that the validated ELISpot assay is useful to monitor the acquired immunity by DC vaccination targeting WT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Higuchi
- Center for Advanced Cell Therapy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Terutsugu Koya
- Center for Advanced Cell Therapy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Miki Yuzawa
- Center for Advanced Cell Therapy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Naoko Yamaoka
- Center for Advanced Cell Therapy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Cell Therapy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshizawa
- Center for Advanced Cell Therapy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Koichi Hirabayashi
- Center for Advanced Cell Therapy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Shinshu Cancer Center, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Kenji Sano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Shigetaka Shimodaira
- Center for Advanced Cell Therapy, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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16
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Kramer RM, Russell J, Humm JL. Distribution of Gemcitabine Is Nearly Homogenous in Two Orthotopic Murine Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2015. [PMID: 26203552 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States. Gemcitabine is a common treatment, but response rates are low, perhaps due in part to tumor hypoxia. We utilized (14)C-labeled gemcitabine to map distribution of the drug with respect to perfused and hypoxic regions of the tumor microenvironment in two orthotopic xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. There was only a slight reduction in gemcitabine in hypoxic areas, with ∼78% of the drug present in hypoxic compared to perfused areas. In addition, only a 4% reduction in gemcitabine was measured at >100 μm from perfused blood vessels. Thus, despite significant areas of hypoxia in these tumors, gemcitabine distribution is relatively homogenous. Ours is the first study to directly measure gemcitabine distribution within tumor tissue, demonstrating that in these models, tumor tissue does not represent a barrier to gemcitabine penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Kramer
- 1 Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, The Rockefeller University , New York, New York
| | - James Russell
- 2 Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - John L Humm
- 2 Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
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17
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ACTN4 copy number increase as a predictive biomarker for chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:704-13. [PMID: 25602965 PMCID: PMC4333489 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several clinical trials have compared chemotherapy alone and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) treatment. However, predictive biomarkers for optimal therapy of LAPC remain to be identified. We retrospectively estimated amplification of the ACTN4 gene to determine its usefulness as a predictive biomarker for LAPC. Methods: The copy number of ACTN4 in 91 biopsy specimens of LAPC before treatment was evaluated using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Results: There were no statistically significant differences in overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) of LAPC between patients treated with chemotherapy alone or with CRT. In a subgroup analysis of patients treated with CRT, patients with a copy number increase (CNI) of ACTN4 had a worse prognosis of OS than those with a normal copy number (NCN) of ACTN4 (P=0.0005, log-rank test). However, OS in the subgroup treated with chemotherapy alone was not significantly different between patients with a CNI and a NCN of ACTN4. In the patients with a NCN of ACTN4, the median survival time of PFS in CRT-treated patients was longer than that of patients treated with chemotherapy alone (P=0.049). Conclusions: The copy number of ACTN4 is a predictive biomarker for CRT of LAPC.
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18
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Sultana A, Jackson RJ, Cox T, Palmer D, Neoptolemos J, Ghaneh P. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy and combination therapy in localised and locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Hippokratia 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sultana
- University of Liverpool; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; Liverpool UK
| | - Richard J Jackson
- Liverpool University; North West Surgical Trials Centre; Brownlow Street Liverpool UK L69 3GL
| | - Trevor Cox
- University of Liverpool; Liverpool Cancer Research UK Cancer Trials Unit; Liverpool UK
| | - Daniel Palmer
- University of Liverpool; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; Liverpool UK
| | - John Neoptolemos
- University of Liverpool; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; Liverpool UK
| | - Paula Ghaneh
- University of Liverpool; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; Liverpool UK
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19
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Mao Y, Fang L, Ai L, Li C, Wang Z, Wu J, Bai J, Li F. An in vivo study of the effects on serum glucose, amylase and histopathology of the feline pancreatic tissue treated by focused ultrasound. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88815. [PMID: 24558434 PMCID: PMC3928309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant neoplasms originating in the digestive system. Focused ultrasound (FUS) treatment instead of the surgery operation has been used to treat Pancreatic cancer noninvasively in clinical trials. The endocrine and exocrine glands in pancreas provide the two unique functions for a person to be healthy. It is critically important to find out if the FUS treatment can still keep the normal functions of the two glands. The goal of this study is to examine and analyze changes in histopathology and serum glucose and amylase levels of the targeted in-vivo felines after the FUS treatment. Various percentage volumes of pancreas of felines were insonified. The FUS treatment (7.5 MHz of central frequency; 5 W of acoustical power; transducer f-number = 0.33; 6 s insonification time per point) effectively generated coagulative necrosis at the insonified site while leaving tissue outside the insonified site intact. It was also observed that all felines endured well with the FUS treatment; changes introduced to pancreatic tissue after up to 50% of a pancreas by volume was insonified by the FUS procedure did not affect its normal endocrine and exocrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liaoqiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chongyan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhibiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Jin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (FL); (JB)
| | - Faqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (FL); (JB)
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20
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Rembielak AI, Jain P, Jackson AS, Green MM, Santorelli GR, Whitfield GA, Crellin A, Garcia-Alonso A, Radhakrishna G, Cullen J, Taylor MB, Swindell R, West CM, Valle J, Saleem A, Price PM. Phase II Trial of Cetuximab and Conformal Radiotherapy Only in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer with Concurrent Tissue Sampling Feasibility Study. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:55-64. [PMID: 24772208 PMCID: PMC3998695 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical data have indicated the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agent cetuximab (Erbitux) as a radiosensitizer in pancreatic cancer, but this has not been specifically addressed in a clinical study. We report the results of an original study initiated in 2007, where cetuximab was tested with radiotherapy (RT) alone in locally advanced pancreatic cancer in a phase II trial (PACER). METHODS Patients (n = 21) received cetuximab loading dose (400 mg/m(2)) and weekly dose (250 mg/m(2)) during RT (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions). Toxicity and disease response end point data were prospectively assessed. A feasibility study of on-trial patient blood and skin sampling was incorporated. RESULTS Treatment was well tolerated, and toxicity was low; most patients (71%) experienced acute toxicities of grade 2 or less. Six months posttreatment, stable local disease was achieved in 90% of evaluable patients, but only 33% were free from metastatic progression. Median overall survival was 7.5 months, and actuarial survival was 33% at 1 year and 11% at 3 years, reflecting swift metastatic progression in some patients but good long-term control of localized disease in others. High-grade acneiform rash (P = .0027), posttreatment stable disease (P = .0059), and pretreatment cancer antigen 19.9 (CA19.9) level (P = .0042) associated with extended survival. Patient skin and blood samples yielded sufficient RNA and good quality protein, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that cetuximab inhibits EGFR-mediated radioresistance to achieve excellent local control with minimal toxicity but does not sufficiently control metastatic progression in all patients. Translational studies of patient tissue samples may yield molecular information that may enable individual treatment response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata I Rembielak
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja Jain
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S Jackson
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie M Green
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian R Santorelli
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian A Whitfield
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Angel Garcia-Alonso
- North Wales Cancer Treatment Centre, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Rhyl, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Cullen
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Ben Taylor
- The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ric Swindell
- The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine M West
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Valle
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; The Christie National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Azeem Saleem
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia M Price
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Hypofractionated image-guided IMRT in advanced pancreatic cancer with simultaneous integrated boost to infiltrated vessels concomitant with capecitabine: a phase I study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 87:1000-6. [PMID: 24267968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the maximum tolerated radiation dose (MTD) of an integrated boost to the tumor subvolume infiltrating vessels, delivered simultaneously with radical dose to the whole tumor and concomitant capecitabine in patients with pretreated advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with stage III or IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma without progressive disease after induction chemotherapy were eligible. Patients underwent simulated contrast-enhanced four-dimensional computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose-labeled positron emission tomography. Gross tumor volume 1 (GTV1), the tumor, and GTV2, the tumor subvolume 1 cm around the infiltrated vessels, were contoured. GTVs were fused to generate Internal Target Volume (ITV)1 and ITV2. Biological tumor volume (BTV) was fused with ITV1 to create the BTV+Internal Target Volume (ITV) 1. A margin of 5/5/7 mm (7 mm in cranium-caudal) was added to BTV+ITV1 and to ITV2 to create Planning Target Volume (PTV) 1 and PTV2, respectively. Radiation therapy was delivered with tomotherapy. PTV1 received a fixed dose of 44.25 Gy in 15 fractions, and PTV2 received a dose escalation from 48 to 58 Gy as simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in consecutive groups of at least 3 patients. Concomitant chemotherapy was capecitabine, 1250 mg/m(2) daily. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as any treatment-related G3 nonhematological or G4 hematological toxicity occurring during the treatment or within 90 days from its completion. RESULTS From June 2005 to February 2010, 25 patients were enrolled. The dose escalation on the SIB was stopped at 58 Gy without reaching the MTD. One patient in the 2(nd) dose level (50 Gy) had a DLT: G3 acute gastric ulcer. Three patients had G3 late adverse effects associated with gastric and/or duodenal mucosal damage. All patients received the planned dose of radiation. CONCLUSIONS A dose of 44.25 Gy in 15 fractions to the whole tumor with an SIB of 58 Gy to small tumor subvolumes concomitant with capecitabine is feasible in chemotherapy-pretreated patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Berber B, Sanabria JR, Braun K, Yao M, Ellis RJ, Kunos CA, Sohn J, Machtay M, Teh BS, Huang Z, Mayr NA, Lo SS. Emerging role of stereotactic body radiotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013; 13:481-7. [PMID: 23560842 DOI: 10.1586/era.13.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The management of pancreatic cancer continues to be challenging. Despite surgical, genetic and molecular advances, its overall prognosis remains poor. Surgical resection is the only modality that offers a chance for a cure, with an overall survival rate of 10-20% at 5 years. However, only 20% of the patients are surgical candidates because of locally advanced disease or systemic stage at presentation. Conventional radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, has been used to treat patients with advanced-stage pancreatic cancer, an approach with high rates of local recurrence. Stereotactic body radiation therapy, also known as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy has emerged as a treatment modality that allows the precise delivery of a large ablative radiation dose to a tumor volume while sparing surrounding organs and tissues. Phase I and II studies have shown good rates of local control of the disease but rates of distant metastasis remain significant. Strategies to combine novel systemic therapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy are to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Berber
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Faris JE, Wo JY. The controversial role of chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Oncologist 2013; 18:981-5. [PMID: 24021761 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Faris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School
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Kozono S, Ohuchida K, Ohtsuka T, Cui L, Eguchi D, Fujiwara K, Zhao M, Mizumoto K, Tanaka M. S100A4 mRNA expression level is a predictor of radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1601-8. [PMID: 23900547 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving poor outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer requires a greater understanding of the biological mechanisms contributing to radioresistance. We, therefore, sought to identify genes involved in the radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Two pancreatic cancer cell lines, CFPAC-1 and Capan-1, were repeatedly exposed to radiation, establishing two radioresistant cell lines. Gene expression profiling using cDNA microarrays was performed to identify genes responsible for radioresistance. The levels of expression of mRNAs encoded by selected genes and their correlation with radiation dose resulting in 50% survival rate were analyzed in pancreatic cancer cell lines. The radiation dose resulting in a 50% survival rate was significantly higher in irradiated (IR) compared to parental CFPAC-1 cells (8.31 ± 0.85 Gy vs. 2.14 ± 0.04 Gy, P<0.0001), but was lower in IR compared with parental Capan-1 cells (2.66 ± 0.24 Gy vs. 2.25 ± 0.03 Gy, P=0.04). cDNA microarray analysis identified 4 genes, including S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4), overexpressed and 23 genes underexpressed in the IR compared with the parental cell lines. The levels of S100A4 mRNA expression were correlated with radiation dose resulting in a 50% survival rate (Pearson's test, R2=0.81, P=0.0025). S100A4 mRNA expression may predict radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cells and may play an important role in the poor response of pancreatic cancer cells to radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kozono
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Taniguchi CM, Murphy JD, Eclov N, Atwood TF, Kielar KN, Christman-Skieller C, Mok E, Xing L, Koong AC, Chang DT. Dosimetric analysis of organs at risk during expiratory gating in stereotactic body radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 85:1090-5. [PMID: 23273994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine how the respiratory phase impacts dose to normal organs during stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for pancreatic cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Eighteen consecutive patients with locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with SBRT were included in this study. On the treatment planning 4-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scan, the planning target volume (PTV), defined as the gross tumor volume plus 3-mm margin, the duodenum, and the stomach were contoured on the end-expiration (CTexp) and end-inspiration (CTinsp) phases for each patient. A separate treatment plan was constructed for both phases with the dose prescription of 33 Gy in 5 fractions with 95% coverage of the PTV by the 100% isodose line. The dose-volume histogram (DVH) endpoints, volume of duodenum that received 20 Gy (V20), V25, and V30 and maximum dose to 5 cc of contoured organ (D5cc), D1cc, and D0.1cc, were evaluated. RESULTS Dosimetric parameters for the duodenum, including V25, V30, D1cc, and D0.1cc improved by planning on the CTexp compared to those on the CTinsp. There was a statistically significant overlap of the PTV with the duodenum but not the stomach during the CTinsp compared to the CTexp (0.38 ± 0.17 cc vs 0.01 ± 0.01 cc, P=.048). A larger expansion of the PTV, in accordance with a Danish phase 2 trial, showed even more overlapping volume of duodenum on the CTinsp compared to that on the CTexp (5.5 ± 0.9 cc vs 3.0 ± 0.8 cc, P=.0003) but no statistical difference for any stomach dosimetric DVH parameter. CONCLUSIONS Dose to the duodenum was higher when treating on the inspiratory than on the expiratory phase. These data suggest that expiratory gating may be preferable to inspiratory breath-hold and free breathing strategies for minimizing risk of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cullen M Taniguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5847, USA
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Mornex F, Hatime M, Touch S, Elmorabit B, Pigne G, Enachescu C, Diaz O, Elkhoti Y. Radiotherapy of the pancreas: state of the art in 2012. Recent Results Cancer Res 2012; 196:89-103. [PMID: 23129368 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-31629-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Mornex
- Radiation Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.
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