1
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Li H, Gong Q, Luo K. Biomarker-driven molecular imaging probes in radiotherapy. Theranostics 2024; 14:4127-4146. [PMID: 38994026 PMCID: PMC11234278 DOI: 10.7150/thno.97768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Biomarker-driven molecular imaging has emerged as an integral part of cancer precision radiotherapy. The use of molecular imaging probes, including nanoprobes, have been explored in radiotherapy imaging to precisely and noninvasively monitor spatiotemporal distribution of biomarkers, potentially revealing tumor-killing mechanisms and therapy-induced adverse effects during radiation treatment. Methods: We summarized literature reports from preclinical studies and clinical trials, which cover two main parts: 1) Clinically-investigated and emerging imaging biomarkers associated with radiotherapy, and 2) instrumental roles, functions, and activatable mechanisms of molecular imaging probes in the radiotherapy workflow. In addition, reflection and future perspectives are proposed. Results: Numerous imaging biomarkers have been continuously explored in decades, while few of them have been successfully validated for their correlation with radiotherapeutic outcomes and/or radiation-induced toxicities. Meanwhile, activatable molecular imaging probes towards the emerging biomarkers have exhibited to be promising in animal or small-scale human studies for precision radiotherapy. Conclusion: Biomarker-driven molecular imaging probes are essential for precision radiotherapy. Despite very inspiring preliminary results, validation of imaging biomarkers and rational design strategies of probes await robust and extensive investigations. Especially, the correlation between imaging biomarkers and radiotherapeutic outcomes/toxicities should be established through multi-center collaboration involving a large cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Li
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, 699 Jinyuan Xi Road, Jimei District, 361021 Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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2
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Gregucci F, Spada S, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Bhardwaj N, Chan Wah Hak C, Fiorentino A, Guha C, Guzman ML, Harrington K, Herrera FG, Honeychurch J, Hong T, Iturri L, Jaffee E, Karam SD, Knott SR, Koumenis C, Lyden D, Marciscano AE, Melcher A, Mondini M, Mondino A, Morris ZS, Pitroda S, Quezada SA, Santambrogio L, Shiao S, Stagg J, Telarovic I, Timmerman R, Vozenin MC, Weichselbaum R, Welsh J, Wilkins A, Xu C, Zappasodi R, Zou W, Bobard A, Demaria S, Galluzzi L, Deutsch E, Formenti SC. Updates on radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations: Proceedings of 6 th annual ImmunoRad conference. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2222560. [PMID: 37363104 PMCID: PMC10286673 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2222560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal radiation therapy (RT) has attracted considerable attention as a combinatorial partner for immunotherapy (IT), largely reflecting a well-defined, predictable safety profile and at least some potential for immunostimulation. However, only a few RT-IT combinations have been tested successfully in patients with cancer, highlighting the urgent need for an improved understanding of the interaction between RT and IT in both preclinical and clinical scenarios. Every year since 2016, ImmunoRad gathers experts working at the interface between RT and IT to provide a forum for education and discussion, with the ultimate goal of fostering progress in the field at both preclinical and clinical levels. Here, we summarize the key concepts and findings presented at the Sixth Annual ImmunoRad conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Gregucci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | - Sheila Spada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alba Fiorentino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miulli General Regional Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Bari, Italy
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Monica L. Guzman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Harrington
- The Institute of Cancer Research/The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Fernanda G. Herrera
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research at the Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jamie Honeychurch
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Theodore Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorea Iturri
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Elisabeth Jaffee
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sana D. Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Simon R.V. Knott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alan Melcher
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michele Mondini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
- INSERM U1030, Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Mondino
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Zachary S. Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean Pitroda
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sergio A. Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Shiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montreal, Canada
| | - Irma Telarovic
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Timmerman
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, Ludwig Center for Metastases Research, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Welsh
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Wilkins
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Roberta Zappasodi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
- INSERM U1030, Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Villejuif, France
| | - Silvia C. Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Ma L, Gonzalez-Junca A, Chou W, Barcellos-Hoff MH. Monitoring TGFβ signaling in irradiated tumors. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 180:49-67. [PMID: 37890932 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is exquisitely regulated under physiological conditions but its activity is highly dysregulated in cancer. All cells make TGFβ and have receptors for the ligand, which is sequestered in the extracellular matrix in a latent form. Ionizing radiation elicits rapid release of TGFβ from these stores, so-called activation, over a wide range of doses and exposures, including low dose (<1Gy) whole-body irradiation, creating an extraordinarily potent signal in the irradiated tissue or tumor. Hence, accurate evaluation of TGFβ activity is complicated because of its ubiquitous distribution as a latent complex. Here we describe conditions for assays that reveal TGFβ activity in situ using either tissue preparations or functional imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alba Gonzalez-Junca
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - William Chou
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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4
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Xiang J, Ma L, Tong J, Zuo N, Hu W, Luo Y, Liu J, Liang T, Ren Q, Liu Q. Boron-peptide conjugates with angiopep-2 for boron neutron capture therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1199881. [PMID: 37324130 PMCID: PMC10267362 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1199881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) induces intracellular nuclear reaction to destroy cancer cells during thermal neutron irradiation. To selectively eliminate cancer cells but avoid harmful effects on normal tissues, novel boron-peptide conjugates with angiopep-2, namely ANG-B, were constructed and evaluated in preclinical settings. Boron-peptide conjugates were synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis, and the molecular mass was validated by mass spectrometry afterwards. Boron concentrations in 6 cancer cell lines and an intracranial glioma mouse model after treatments were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Phenylalanine (BPA) was tested in parallel for comparison. In vitro treatment with boron delivery peptides significantly increased boron uptake in cancer cells. BNCT with 5 mM ANG-B caused 86.5% ± 5.3% of clonogenic cell death, while BPA at the same concentration caused 73.3% ± 6.0% clonogenic cell death. The in vivo effect of ANG-B in an intracranial glioma mouse model was evaluated by PET/CT imaging at 31 days after BNCT. The mouse glioma tumours in the ANG-B-treated group were shrunk by 62.9% on average, while the BPA-treated tumours shrank by only 23.0%. Therefore, ANG-B is an efficient boron delivery agent, which has low cytotoxicity and high tumour-to-blood ratio. Based on these experimental results, we expected that ANG-B may leverage BNCT performance in clinical applications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfei Tong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China
| | - Nan Zuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weitao Hu
- School of Stomatology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yupeng Luo
- School of Stomatology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianjiao Liang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China
| | - Qiushi Ren
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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5
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Barcellos-Hoff MH, Gulley JL. Molecular Pathways and Mechanisms of TGFβ in Cancer Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2025-2033. [PMID: 36598437 PMCID: PMC10238558 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Even though the number of agents that inhibit TGFβ being tested in patients with cancer has grown substantially, clinical benefit from TGFβ inhibition has not yet been achieved. The myriad mechanisms in which TGFβ is protumorigenic may be a key obstacle to its effective deployment; cancer cells frequently employ TGFβ-regulated programs that engender plasticity, enable a permissive tumor microenvironment, and profoundly suppress immune recognition, which is the target of most current early-phase trials of TGFβ inhibitors. Here we discuss the implications of a less well-recognized aspect of TGFβ biology regulating DNA repair that mediates responses to radiation and chemotherapy. In cancers that are TGFβ signaling competent, TGFβ promotes effective DNA repair and suppresses error-prone repair, thus conferring resistance to genotoxic therapies and limiting tumor control. Cancers in which TGFβ signaling is intrinsically compromised are more responsive to standard genotoxic therapy. Recognition that TGFβ is a key moderator of both DNA repair and immunosuppression might be used to synergize combinations of genotoxic therapy and immunotherapy to benefit patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James L. Gulley
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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6
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Silginer M, Papa E, Szabó E, Vasella F, Pruschy M, Stroh C, Roth P, Weiss T, Weller M. Immunological and tumor-intrinsic mechanisms mediate the synergistic growth suppression of experimental glioblastoma by radiotherapy and MET inhibition. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:41. [PMID: 36915128 PMCID: PMC10009975 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/MET signaling pathway has been proposed to be involved in the resistance to radiotherapy of glioblastoma via proinvasive and DNA damage response pathways.Here we assessed the role of the MET pathway in the response to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo in syngeneic mouse glioma models. We find that the murine glioma cell lines GL-261, SMA-497, SMA-540 and SMA-560 express HGF and its receptor MET and respond to exogenous HGF with MET phosphorylation. Glioma cell viability or proliferation are unaffected by genetic or pharmacological MET inhibition using tepotinib or CRISPR/Cas9-engineered Met gene knockout and MET inhibition fails to sensitize glioma cells to irradiation in vitro. In contrast, the combination of tepotinib with radiotherapy prolongs survival of orthotopic SMA-560 or GL-261 glioma-bearing mice compared with radiotherapy or tepotinib treatment alone. Synergy is lost when such experiments are conducted in immunodeficient Rag1-/- mice, and, importantly, also when Met gene expression is disrupted in the tumor cells. Combination therapy suppresses a set of pro-inflammatory mediators including matrix metalloproteases that are upregulated by radiotherapy alone and that have been linked to poor outcome in glioblastoma. Several of these mediators are positively regulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and pSMAD2 levels as a surrogate marker of TGF-β pathway activity are suppressed by combination treatment. We conclude that synergistic suppression of experimental syngeneic glioma growth by irradiation and MET inhibition requires MET expression in the tumor as well as an intact immune system. Clinical evaluation of this combined strategy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Silginer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Eleanna Papa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emese Szabó
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Vasella
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Laboratory for Molecular Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Roth
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Burciaga-Flores M, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Dueñas S, Gasperin-Bulbarela J, Licea-Navarro AF, Camacho-Villegas TA. First pan-specific vNAR against human TGF-β as a potential therapeutic application: in silico modeling assessment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3596. [PMID: 36869086 PMCID: PMC9982792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies based on antibody fragments have been developed and applied to human diseases, describing novel antibody formats. The vNAR domains have a potential therapeutic use related to their unique properties. This work used a non-immunized Heterodontus francisci shark library to obtain a vNAR with recognition of TGF-β isoforms. The isolated vNAR T1 selected by phage display demonstrated binding of the vNAR T1 to TGF-β isoforms (-β1, -β2, -β3) by direct ELISA assay. These results are supported by using for the first time the Single-Cycle kinetics (SCK) method for Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis for a vNAR. Also, the vNAR T1 shows an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 9.61 × 10-8 M against rhTGF-β1. Furthermore, the molecular docking analysis revealed that the vNAR T1 interacts with amino acid residues of TGF-β1, which are essential for interaction with type I and II TGF-β receptors. The vNAR T1 is the first pan-specific shark domain reported against the three hTGF-β isoforms and a potential alternative to overcome the challenges related to the modulation of TGF-β levels implicated in several human diseases such as fibrosis, cancer, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Burciaga-Flores
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Ana Laura Márquez-Aguirre
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Salvador Dueñas
- División de Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, B.C, México
| | - Jahaziel Gasperin-Bulbarela
- División de Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, B.C, México
| | - Alexei F Licea-Navarro
- División de Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, B.C, México.
| | - Tanya A Camacho-Villegas
- CONACYT - Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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8
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ImmunoPET Directed to the Brain: A New Tool for Preclinical and Clinical Neuroscience. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010164. [PMID: 36671549 PMCID: PMC9855881 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a non-invasive in vivo imaging method based on tracking and quantifying radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other related molecules, such as antibody fragments, nanobodies, or affibodies. However, the success of immunoPET in neuroimaging is limited because intact antibodies cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In neuro-oncology, immunoPET has been successfully applied to brain tumors because of the compromised BBB. Different strategies, such as changes in antibody properties, use of physiological mechanisms in the BBB, or induced changes to BBB permeability, have been developed to deliver antibodies to the brain. These approaches have recently started to be applied in preclinical central nervous system PET studies. Therefore, immunoPET could be a new approach for developing more specific PET probes directed to different brain targets.
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9
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Manafi-Farid R, Ataeinia B, Ranjbar S, Jamshidi Araghi Z, Moradi MM, Pirich C, Beheshti M. ImmunoPET: Antibody-Based PET Imaging in Solid Tumors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:916693. [PMID: 35836956 PMCID: PMC9273828 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a molecular imaging modality combining the high sensitivity of PET with the specific targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies. Various radioimmunotracers have been successfully developed to target a broad spectrum of molecules expressed by malignant cells or tumor microenvironments. Only a few are translated into clinical studies and barely into clinical practices. Some drawbacks include slow radioimmunotracer kinetics, high physiologic uptake in lymphoid organs, and heterogeneous activity in tumoral lesions. Measures are taken to overcome the disadvantages, and new tracers are being developed. In this review, we aim to mention the fundamental components of immunoPET imaging, explore the groundbreaking success achieved using this new technique, and review different radioimmunotracers employed in various solid tumors to elaborate on this relatively new imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Ataeinia
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Ranjbar
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zahra Jamshidi Araghi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mobin Moradi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian Pirich
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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10
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Behl T, Gupta A, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Garg M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Exploring the multifaceted role of TGF-β signaling in diabetic complications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:35643-35656. [PMID: 35247177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most comprehensive metabolic disorders and is spread across the globe. The data from IDF Diabetes Atlas and National Diabetes Statistics mentions that the number of patients with diabetes is increasing at an exponential rate which is challenging the current therapeutics used for the management of diabetes. However, current therapies used for the treatment may provide symptomatic relief but lack in preventing the progression of the disease and thereby limiting the treatment of diabetes-associated complications. A thorough review and analysis were conducted using various databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar to extract the available information on challenges faced by current therapies which have triggered the development of novel molecules or drugs. From the analysis, it was analyzed that transforming growth factor βs (TGF-βs) have been shown to exhibit pleiotropic activity and are responsible for maintaining homeostasis and its overexpression is convoluted in the pathogenesis of various disorders. Therefore, developing drugs that block TGF-β signaling may provide therapeutic benefits. This extensive review concluded that drugs targeting TGF-β signaling pathway and its subsequent blockade have shown promising results and hold the potential to become drugs of choice in the management of diabetes and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Madhukar Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Adjunct Professor, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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11
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Petroni G, Cantley LC, Santambrogio L, Formenti SC, Galluzzi L. Radiotherapy as a tool to elicit clinically actionable signalling pathways in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:114-131. [PMID: 34819622 PMCID: PMC9004227 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A variety of targeted anticancer agents have been successfully introduced into clinical practice, largely reflecting their ability to inhibit specific molecular alterations that are required for disease progression. However, not all malignant cells rely on such alterations to survive, proliferate, disseminate and/or evade anticancer immunity, implying that many tumours are intrinsically resistant to targeted therapies. Radiotherapy is well known for its ability to activate cytotoxic signalling pathways that ultimately promote the death of cancer cells, as well as numerous cytoprotective mechanisms that are elicited by cellular damage. Importantly, many cytoprotective mechanisms elicited by radiotherapy can be abrogated by targeted anticancer agents, suggesting that radiotherapy could be harnessed to enhance the clinical efficacy of these drugs. In this Review, we discuss preclinical and clinical data that introduce radiotherapy as a tool to elicit or amplify clinically actionable signalling pathways in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Diagnosis of Glioblastoma by Immuno-Positron Emission Tomography. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010074. [PMID: 35008238 PMCID: PMC8750680 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroimaging has transformed the way brain tumors are diagnosed and treated. Although different non-invasive modalities provide very helpful information, in some situations, they present a limited value. By merging the specificity of antibodies with the resolution, sensitivity, and quantitative capabilities of positron emission tomography (PET), “Immuno-PET” allows us to conduct the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of patients over time using antibody-based probes as an in vivo, integrated, quantifiable, 3D, full-body “immunohistochemistry”, like a “virtual biopsy”. This review provides and focuses on immuno-PET applications and future perspectives of this promising imaging approach for glioblastoma. Abstract Neuroimaging has transformed neuro-oncology and the way that glioblastoma is diagnosed and treated. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most widely used non-invasive technique in the primary diagnosis of glioblastoma. Although MRI provides very powerful anatomical information, it has proven to be of limited value for diagnosing glioblastomas in some situations. The final diagnosis requires a brain biopsy that may not depict the high intratumoral heterogeneity present in this tumor type. The revolution in “cancer-omics” is transforming the molecular classification of gliomas. However, many of the clinically relevant alterations revealed by these studies have not yet been integrated into the clinical management of patients, in part due to the lack of non-invasive biomarker-based imaging tools. An innovative option for biomarker identification in vivo is termed “immunotargeted imaging”. By merging the high target specificity of antibodies with the high spatial resolution, sensitivity, and quantitative capabilities of positron emission tomography (PET), “Immuno-PET” allows us to conduct the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of patients over time using antibody-based probes as an in vivo, integrated, quantifiable, 3D, full-body “immunohistochemistry” in patients. This review provides the state of the art of immuno-PET applications and future perspectives on this imaging approach for glioblastoma.
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Liu Q, Chen G, Moore J, Guix I, Placantonokis D, Barcellos-Hoff MH. Exploiting Canonical TGFβ Signaling in Cancer Treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 21:16-24. [PMID: 34670783 PMCID: PMC8742762 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays critical roles to define cancer cell phenotypes, construct the tumor microenvironment, and suppress anti-tumor immune responses. As such, TGFβ is a lynchpin for integrating cancer cell intrinsic pathways and communication among host cells in the tumor and beyond that together affect responses to genotoxic, targeted, and immune therapy. Despite decades of preclinical and clinical studies, evidence of clinical benefit from targeting TGFβ in cancer remains elusive. Here, we review the mechanisms by which TGFβ acts to oppose successful cancer therapy, the reported prognostic and predictive value of TGFβ biomarkers, and the potential impact of inhibiting TGFβ in precision oncology. Paradoxically, the diverse mechanisms by which TGFβ impedes therapeutic response are a principal barrier to implementing TGFβ inhibitors because it is unclear which TGFβ mechanism is functional in which patient. Companion diagnostic tools and specific biomarkers of TGFβ targeted biology will be the key to exploiting TGFβ biology for patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Engineering
| | - Genwen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Jade Moore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francicsco
| | - Ines Guix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francicsco
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Lee HJ. Recent Advances in the Development of TGF-β Signaling Inhibitors for Anticancer Therapy. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:213-222. [PMID: 33409254 PMCID: PMC7783242 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.4.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine that plays an important role in both physiologic and pathologic processes, including cancer. Importantly, TGF-β has a dual role in tumorigenesis, acting as a tumor suppressor or a tumor promoter, depending on the stage of tumor development. The aberrantly upregulated production of TGF-β has been strongly implicated in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, as well as immune evasion. Therefore, hyperactivated TGF-β signaling is considered a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Numerous inhibitors of overactivated TGF-β signaling have been developed, and some of them are currently in clinical trials. This review focuses on the TGF-β signaling that contributes to tumor progression and immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment and presents recent achievements on TGF-β signaling inhibition as a single or combined therapeutic approach in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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