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Tolone S, Conzo G, Flagiello L, Gambardella C, Lucido FS, Brusciano L, Parisi S, De Bortoli N, Savarino EV, Del Genio G, Docimo L. De Novo Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms Are Infrequent after Sleeve Gastrectomy at 2-Year Follow-Up Using a Comprehensive Preoperative Esophageal Assessment. J Clin Med 2024; 13:545. [PMID: 38256679 PMCID: PMC10816106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological obesity is a growing public health concern, and its association with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) poses challenges in selecting the appropriate bariatric procedure. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become a popular choice due to its simplicity and effectiveness in weight loss. However, concerns regarding postoperative GERD have been raised. This study aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative assessment of esophageal function and the risk of developing postoperative GERD in patients undergoing SG. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted, including symptom assessment, upper endoscopy, high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM), and 24 h esophageal pH impedance monitoring (MII-pH). A total of 500 obese patients were included, and their data were compared with 25 healthy volunteers. This study revealed that patients without GERD symptoms, normal endoscopy, HRM, and MII-pH were suitable candidates for SG, with low risk of developing postoperative GERD. The addition of fundoplication techniques to SG may be considered in patients with mild reflux or those at risk of developing it. This study emphasizes the importance of preoperative evaluation in selecting the appropriate bariatric procedure to minimize the risk of postoperative GERD and expand the indications for SG in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Tolone
- Division of General, Mininvasive, Oncologic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (L.F.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (G.D.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Giovanni Conzo
- Division of General, Mininvasive, Oncologic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (L.F.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (G.D.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Luigi Flagiello
- Division of General, Mininvasive, Oncologic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (L.F.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (G.D.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Claudio Gambardella
- Division of General, Mininvasive, Oncologic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (L.F.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (G.D.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Francesco Saverio Lucido
- Division of General, Mininvasive, Oncologic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (L.F.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (G.D.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Luigi Brusciano
- Division of General, Mininvasive, Oncologic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (L.F.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (G.D.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Simona Parisi
- Division of General, Mininvasive, Oncologic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (L.F.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (G.D.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Nicola De Bortoli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Gianmattia Del Genio
- Division of General, Mininvasive, Oncologic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (L.F.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (G.D.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Ludovico Docimo
- Division of General, Mininvasive, Oncologic and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (L.F.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (G.D.G.); (L.D.)
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Muir D, Choi B, Holden M, Clements C, Stevens J, Ratnasingham K, Irukulla S, Humadi S. Preoperative Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and the Effect on Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg 2023; 33:2546-2556. [PMID: 37314649 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Preoperative oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) in bariatric surgery remains a controversial topic, with a large variety in practice globally. An electronic database search of Medline, Embase and PubMed was performed in an aim to categorise the findings of preoperative endoscopies in bariatric patients. A total of 47 studies were included in this meta-analysis resulting in 23,368 patients being assessed. Of patients assessed, 40.8% were found to have no novel findings, 39.7% had novel findings which did not affect surgical planning, 19.8% had findings that affected their surgery and 0.3% were ruled to not be suitable for bariatric surgery. Preoperative OGD is altering surgical planning in one-fifth of patients; however, further comparative studies are required to determine if each patient should undergo this procedure especially if asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Muir
- Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, UK.
| | - Byung Choi
- Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, UK
| | - Matthew Holden
- Maxwell Institute, University of Edinburgh and Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Samer Humadi
- Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, UK
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Lemme EMDO, Alvariz AC, Pereira GLC. ESOPHAGEAL FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS IN THE PRE-OPERATORY EVALUATION OF BARIATRIC SURGERY. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2021; 58:190-194. [PMID: 34190780 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an independent risk factor for esophageal symptoms, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and motor abnormalities. When contemplating bariatric surgery, patients with obesity type III undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and also esophageal manometry (EMN), and prolonged pHmetry (PHM) as part of their pre-operative evaluation. OBJECTIVE Description of endoscopy, manometry and pHmetry findings in patients with obesity type III preparing for bariatric surgery, and correlation of these findings with the presence of typical GERD symptoms. METHODS Retrospective study in which clinical symptoms of GERD were assessed, focusing on the presence of heartburn and regurgitation. All patients underwent EMN, PHM and most of them EGD. RESULTS 114 patients (93 females-81%), average age 36 years old, average BMI of 45.3, were studied. Typical GERD symptoms were referred by 43 (38%) patients while 71 (62%) were asymptomatic. Eighty two patients (72% of total) underwent EGD and 36 (42%) evidenced esophageal abnormalities. Among the abnormal findings, hiatal hernia was seen in 36%, erosive esophagitis (EE) in 36%, and HH+EE in 28%. An abnormal EMN was recorded in 51/114 patients (45%). The main abnormality was a hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in 32%, followed by ineffective esophageal motility in 25%, nutcracker esophagus in 19%, IEM + hypotensive LES in 10%, intra-thoracic LES (6%), hypertensive LES (4%), aperistalsis (2%) and achalasia (2%). Among the 43 symptomatic patients, 23 (53%) had abnormal EMN and 31/71 asymptomatic cases (44%) also presented this finding (P=0.30). PHM showed abnormal reflux in 60/114 patients (53%), with a predominance of bi-positional reflux (42%), followed by supine reflux (33%) and upright reflux (25%). Abnormal PHM was found in 26/43 symptomatic cases (60%) and also among 34/71 asymptomatic cases (48%) (P=0.19). CONCLUSION Manometric abnormalities were common in obesity type III patients, the most frequent being hypotensive LES, followed by IEM. Most patients were asymptomatic. There was no correlation between the finding of motor abnormalities and the presence of symptoms. More than half the patients had abnormal reflux at PHM. We found no significant correlation between abnormal reflux and the presence of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Cerqueira Alvariz
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Lemos Cotta Pereira
- Membro Titular do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva; Membro Titular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Laparoscópica, Brasil
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The inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors and its associated factors among community-dwelling older adults. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07595. [PMID: 34337188 PMCID: PMC8313491 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Little is known about the inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and how mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and high comorbid burden relate to the inappropriate prescribing of PPIs. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine these associations among community-dwelling older adults in Jordan. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted on 215 community-dwelling older adults from three local healthcare centers located in Irbid, Jordan. Data about PPI use, including the name of medication, dose, frequency, duration, and indication, were collected retrospectively from a review of the participating older adults’ medication cards for November and December 2019. The collected data were evaluated based on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. MCI was measured using the Arabic version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and comorbid burden was measured using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics. Results Forty-seven percent of the participants were found to have taken a PPI, with 68 % having taken one for a longer period than recommended by the FDA. Older adults with MCI or high comorbid burden were found to be more susceptible than other older adults to the long-term use of PPIs. The logistic regression revealed that MCI is a statistically significant predictor of inappropriate PPI use (p < 0.001). Conclusion Inappropriate PPI use is common among community-dwelling older adults in Jordan, with a significantly higher prevalence of inappropriate PPI use in people with MCI than in people with normal cognitive abilities. Future intervention studies are highly recommended to encourage optimal prescribing of PPIs for community-dwelling older adults.
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Kindel TL, Ganga RR, Baker JW, Noria SF, Jones DB, Omotosho P, Volckmann ET, Williams NN, Telem DA, Petrick AT, Gould JC. American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Preoperative Care Pathway for Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:1529-1540. [PMID: 34148848 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Kindel
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - Rama Rao Ganga
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - John Wilder Baker
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sabrena F Noria
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniel B Jones
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip Omotosho
- Department of Surgery, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erick T Volckmann
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah and Affiliated Hospitals, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Noel N Williams
- Department of Surgery; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dana A Telem
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anthony T Petrick
- Department of General Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Jon C Gould
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Sleeve Gastrectomy and Anterior Fundoplication (D-SLEEVE) Prevents Gastroesophageal Reflux in Symptomatic GERD. Obes Surg 2021; 30:1642-1652. [PMID: 32146568 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A worrying increase of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett esophagus has been reported after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Recent reports on combined fundoplication and SG seem to accomplish initial favorable results. However, no study included manometry or pH monitoring to evaluate the impact of fundoplication in SG on esophageal physiology. METHOD In this study, 32 consecutive bariatric patients with GERD and/or esophagitis had high-resolution impedance manometry (HRiM) and combined 24-h pH and multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII-pH) before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy associated to anterior fundoplication (D-SLEEVE). The following parameters were calculated at HRiM: lower esophageal sphincter pressure and relaxation, peristalsis, and mean total bolus transit time. The acid and non-acid GER episodes were assessed by MII-pH, symptom index association (SI), and symptom-association probability (SAP) were also analyzed. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 14 months, HRiM showed an increased LES function, and MII-pH showed an excellent control of both acid exposure of the esophagus and number of reflux events. Bariatric outcomes (BMI and EWL%) were also comparable to regular SG (p = NS). CONCLUSION D-SLEEVE is an effective restrictive procedure, which recreates a functional LES pressure able to control and/or prevent mild GERD at 1-year follow-up.
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IFSO Position Statement on the Role of Esophago-Gastro-Duodenal Endoscopy Prior to and after Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Procedures. Obes Surg 2021; 30:3135-3153. [PMID: 32472360 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the roles of the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) is to provide guidance on the management of patients seeking surgery for adiposity-based chronic diseases. The role of endoscopy around the time of endoscopy is an area of clinical controversy. In 2018, IFSO commissioned a task force to determine the role of endoscopy before and after surgery for the management of adiposity and adiposity-based chronic diseases. The following position statement is issued by the IFSO Endoscopy in Bariatric/Metabolic Surgery Taskforce. It has been approved by the IFSO Scientific Committee and Executive Board. This statement is based on current clinical knowledge, expert opinion, and published peer-reviewed scientific evidence. It will be reviewed regularly.
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Erosive Esophagitis and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Morbid Obesity with and without Type 2 Diabetes: a Cross-sectional Study. Obes Surg 2021; 30:2667-2675. [PMID: 32193740 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04545-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the general population, but the relationship between these conditions in candidates for bariatric surgery is uncertain. We compared the prevalence of GERD and the association between GERD symptoms and esophagitis among bariatric candidates with and without T2DM. METHODS Cross-sectional study of baseline data from the Oseberg study in Norway. Both groups underwent gastroduodenoscopy and completed validated questionnaires: Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire. Participants with T2DM underwent 24-h pH-metry. RESULTS A total of 124 patients with T2DM, 81 women, mean (SD) age 48.6 (9.4) years and BMI 42.3 (5.5) kg/m2, and 64 patients without T2DM, 46 women, age 43.0 (11.0) years and BMI 43.0 (5.0) kg/m2, were included. The proportions of patients reporting GERD-symptoms were low (< 29%) and did not differ significantly between groups, while the proportions of patients with esophagitis were high both in the T2DM and non-T2DM group, 58% versus 47%, p = 0.16. The majority of patients with esophagitis did not have GERD-symptoms (68-80%). Further, 55% of the patients with T2DM had pathologic acid reflux. Among these, 71% also had erosive esophagitis, whereof 67% were asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of GERD was similar in bariatric patients with or without T2DM, and the proportion of patients with asymptomatic GERD was high independent of the presence or absence of T2DM. Accordingly, GERD may be underdiagnosed in patients not undergoing a preoperative endoscopy or acid reflux assessment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov number NCT01778738.
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Bhambri A, Singla V, Aggarwal S, Kaul A, Gupta M, Chaudhary R. Correlation between pre-operative endoscopic findings with reflux symptom score for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in bariatric patients. J Minim Access Surg 2021; 17:322-328. [PMID: 32964884 PMCID: PMC8270047 DOI: 10.4103/jmas.jmas_167_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There is a strong association between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and morbid obesity. Methods: Two hundred and eleven morbidly obese patients operated between September 2007 and June 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent pre-operative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and assessment by reflux symptomatic score questionnaire. Results: Of the total 211 patients, 156 (73.94%) were females; mean body mass index of the cohort was 46.23 ± 3.1 kg/m2. There was no evidence of Barrett's oesophagus or malignancy on pre-operative endoscopy. 63.04% of the patients (n = 133) in the study cohort had normal endoscopy. Pre-operative evaluation by reflux symptom score (RSS) questionnaire revealed no evidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in 61.13% of patients (n = 129). The total number of patients with symptoms was 82 (38.86%). They were further divided into two categories based on severity of symptoms, namely, mild + moderate 60 (73.17%) and severe + very severe 22 (26.83%). From the cohort of symptomatic patients, the sub-cohort of 60 mild + moderate symptomatic patients had equal number of patients with normal 30 (50%) and abnormal endoscopy 30 (50%). In the sub-cohort of patients with severe + very severe symptoms (n = 22; 26.83%), endoscopy was abnormal in 6 (27.7%) patients. Whereas, out of 129 (61.13%) asymptomatic patients, one-third (n = 42) had abnormal endoscopy. The weighted kappa score was used between pre-operative endoscopic findings and RSS was statistically not significant (k - 0.0986). Conclusion: Pre-operative endoscopy is a must in all bariatric patients as significant percentage of asymptomatic patients can have abnormal endoscopy and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bhambri
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vitish Singla
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Aggarwal
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aashir Kaul
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehul Gupta
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Chaudhary
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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El Ansari W, El-Menyar A, Sathian B, Al-Thani H, Al-Kuwari M, Al-Ansari A. Is Routine Preoperative Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Prior to Bariatric Surgery Mandatory? Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 10,685 Patients. Obes Surg 2020; 30:3073-3083. [PMID: 32468339 PMCID: PMC7305097 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis searched, retrieved and synthesized the evidence as to whether preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (p-EGD) should be routine before bariatric surgery (BS). METHODS Databases searched for retrospective, prospective, and randomized (RCT) or quasi-RCT studies (01 January 2000-30 April 2019) of outcomes of routine p-EGD before BS. STROBE checklist assessed the quality of the studies. P-EGD findings were categorized: Group 0 (no abnormal findings); Group 1 (abnormal findings that do not necessitate changing the surgical approach or postponing surgery); Group 2 (abnormal findings that change the surgical approach or postpone surgery); and Group 3 (findings that signify absolute contraindications to surgery). We assessed data heterogeneity and publication bias. Random effect model was used. RESULTS Twenty-five eligible studies were included (10,685 patients). Studies were heterogeneous, and there was publication bias. Group 0 comprised 5424 patients (56%, 95% CI: 45-67%); Group 1, 2064 patients (26%, 95% CI: 23-50%); Group 2, 1351 patients (16%, 95% CI: 11-21%); and Group 3 included 31 patients (0.4%, 95% CI: 0-1%). CONCLUSION For 82% of patients, routine p-EGD did not change surgical plan/ postpone surgery. For 16% of patients, p-EGD findings necessitated changing the surgical approach/ postponing surgery, but the proportion of postponements due to medical treatment of H Pylori as opposed to "necessary" substantial change in surgical approach is unclear. For 0.4% patients, p-EGD findings signified absolute contraindication to surgery. These findings invite a revisit to whether p-EGD should be routine before BS, and whether it is judicious to expose many obese patients to an invasive procedure that has potential risk and insufficient evidence of effectiveness. Further justification is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid El Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Schools of Health and Education, University of Skovde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School, Doha, Qatar
| | - Brijesh Sathian
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Rouphael C, Shakya S, Arora Z, Gabbard S, Rice T, Lopez R, Raja S, Murthy S, Thota PN. Esophageal dysmotility and other preoperative factors associated with acid suppressive therapy after fundoplication. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:1-8. [PMID: 31852331 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1701068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims: Acid suppressive therapy (AST) is frequently used after fundoplication. Prior studies show that most patients requiring AST after fundoplication have normal esophageal acid exposure and therefore do not need AST. Our aim was to determine the indications for AST use following fundoplication and the associated factors.Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent fundoplication at our institution between 2006 and 2013 with pre and postoperative esophageal physiologic studies was performed. Demographic data, symptoms, and findings on high resolution manometry, esophageal pH monitoring and upper endoscopy were collected.Results: Three hundred and thirty-nine patients were included with a median follow up time of 12.8[2.6, 47.7] months. Mean age was 59.6 ± 13.3 years and 71.4% were women. Of those, 39.5% went on AST following fundoplication with a median time to AST use of 15.7[2.8, 36.1] months. The most common reason for AST use was heartburn. Only 29% of patients had objective evidence of acid reflux. Preoperative factors associated with AST use following fundoplication were male gender (HR1.6, p = 0.019), esophageal dysmotility (HR1.7, p = 0.004), proton pump inhibitor use (HR2.3, p < 0.001) and prior history of fundoplication (HR1.8, p = 0.006). In those with paraesophageal hernia repair with Collis gastroplasty (N = 182), esophageal dysmotility (HR1.7, p = 0.047) and NSAID use (HR1.9, p = 0.023) were associated with AST use postoperatively.Discussion: AST use is common after fundoplication. Male gender, preoperative esophageal dysmotility, proton pump inhibitor use and redo fundoplication were associated with AST use following fundoplication. In those undergoing combined Collis gastroplasty, preoperative NSAID use and esophageal dysmotility predicted AST use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Rouphael
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sampurna Shakya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zubin Arora
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Scott Gabbard
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Rice
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rocio Lopez
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Siva Raja
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sudish Murthy
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Prashanthi N Thota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Esophagogastric junction function and gastric pressure profile after minigastric bypass compared with Billroth II. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019; 15:567-574. [PMID: 30827811 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minigastric bypass (MGB) is being performed widely with effective weight loss and improvement in co-morbidities. Because of similarity to Billroth II (BII), there are concerns about bile reflux. OBJECTIVES To assess the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) function, esophageal peristalsis, and reflux exposure after MGB and BII. SETTING University Hospital, Italy; Public Hospital, Italy. METHODS Obese patients underwent symptom questioning, endoscopy, high-resolution impedance manometry, and impedance-pH monitoring, before and 1 year after MGB. Esophageal motor function, EGJ, EGJ-contractile integral, intragastric pressure (IGP), and gastroesophageal pressure gradient were determined. Acid exposure time, number of refluxes, and symptom-association probability were assessed. A group of patients who underwent BII were studied with the same protocol and served as controls. RESULTS Twenty-two MGB and 20 BII patients were studied. After surgery, none of the patients reported de novo heartburn or regurgitation. At endoscopic follow-up, esophagitis and bile findings were absent in all. High-resolution impedance manometry features did not vary significantly after MGB, whereas IGP and gastroesophageal pressure gradient statistically diminished (P < .01). BII patients had significantly lower values in IGP, sphincter pressure, and EGJ-contractile integral. In MGB patients, a marked decrease in number of refluxes (from median 41 to 7, P < .01) was observed, whereas BII patients had statistically significant higher acid exposure and number of refluxes (57, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to BII, MGB does not increase any kind of reflux. Also, the differences in IGP and gastroesophageal pressure gradient suggest that bile reflux occurs more readily after BII than after MGB, and that these 2 operations share more differences than similarities.
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Are Obese Patients at an Increased Risk of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Compared to Non-obese Patients? Obes Surg 2018; 27:1822-1827. [PMID: 28110485 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Factors associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure such as chronic cough, morbid obesity, and constipation may be related to pelvic floor dysfunction. In this study, we compared anorectal manometry values and clinical data of class II and III morbidly obese patients referred to bariatric surgery with that of non-obese patients. METHODS We performed a case-matched study between obese patients referred to bariatric surgery and non-obese patients without anorectal complaints. The groups were matched by age and gender. Men and nulliparous women with no history of abdominal or anorectal surgery were included in the study. Anorectal manometry was performed by the stationary technique, and clinical evaluation was based on validated questionnaires. RESULTS Mean age was 44.8 ± 12.5 years (mean ± SD) in the obese group and 44.1 ± 11.8 years in the non-obese group (p = 0.829). In the obese group, 65.4% of patients had some degree of fecal incontinence. Mean squeeze pressure was significantly lower in obese than in non-obese patients (155.6 ± 64.1 vs. 210.1 ± 75.9 mmHg, p = 0.004), and there was no significant difference regarding mean rest pressure in obese patients compared to non-obese ones (63.7 ± 23.1 vs. 74.1 ± 21.8 mmHg, p = 0.051). There were no significant differences in anorectal manometry values between continent and incontinent obese patients. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of fecal incontinence among obese patients was high regardless of age, gender, and body mass index. Anal squeeze pressure was significantly lower in obese patients compared to non-obese controls.
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Tolone S, Gualtieri G, Savarino E, Frazzoni M, de Bortoli N, Furnari M, Casalino G, Parisi S, Savarino V, Docimo L. Pre-operative clinical and instrumental factors as antireflux surgery outcome predictors. World J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 8:719-728. [PMID: 27933133 PMCID: PMC5124700 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v8.i11.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is nowadays a highly prevalent, chronic condition, with 10% to 30% of Western populations affected by weekly symptoms. Many patients with mild reflux symptoms are treated adequately with lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and low-dose proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). For those with refractory GERD poorly controlled with daily PPIs, numerous treatment options exist. Fundoplication is currently the most commonly performed antireflux operation for management of GERD. Outcomes described in current literature following laparoscopic fundoplication indicate that it is highly effective for treatment of GERD; early clinical studies demonstrate relief of symptoms in approximately 85%-90% of patients. However it is still unclear which factors, clinical or instrumental, are able to predict a good outcome after surgery. Virtually all demographic, esophagogastric junction anatomic conditions, as well as instrumental (such as presence of esophagitis at endoscopy, or motility patterns determined by esophageal high resolution manometry or reflux patterns determined by means of pH/impedance-pH monitoring) and clinical features (such as typical or atypical symptoms presence) of patients undergoing laparoscopic fundoplication for GERD can be factors associated with symptomatic relief. With this in mind, we sought to review studies that identified the factors that predict outcome after laparoscopic total fundoplication.
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Tolone S, Savarino E, Yates RB. The impact of bariatric surgery on esophageal function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1381:98-103. [PMID: 27304195 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. There is increasing evidence that obesity is associated with benign gastroesophageal disease, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal dysmotility. Bariatric surgery-including sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass, and adjustable gastric band placement-can effectively result in weight loss and control of obesity-related conditions, including GERD. However, there is increasing evidence that bariatric surgery itself can have a deleterious effect on esophageal function. In this review, we address the effect of obesity and bariatric surgery on esophageal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Tolone
- Division of General and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Robert B Yates
- UW Surgical Services and Hernia Center, Center for Esophageal and Gastric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Doulami G, Triantafyllou S, Natoudi M, Albanopoulos K, Leandros E, Zografos G, Theodorou D. GERD-Related Questionnaires and Obese Population: Can They Really Reflect the Severity of the Disease and the Impact of GERD on Quality of Patients' Life? Obes Surg 2016; 25:1882-5. [PMID: 25708239 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a strong association between obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD-related questionnaires have been developed in order to objectify symptoms. However, none of them has been tested in obese population. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate if GERD score and GERD-Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) can reflect severity of the disease and screen obese patients for GERD preoperatively. GERD's impact on the quality of life of obese patients is being assessed with the use of EORTC-QLQ C30. PATIENTS-METHODS Obese patients during their preoperative evaluation were recruited regardless of the presence of GERD symptoms. A targeted GERD symptom history was obtained. Patients completed GERD score, GERD-HRQL, and EORTC-QLQ C30, and then, a 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance pHmetry (MIIpH) was conducted. RESULTS Forty-seven consecutive obese patients with mean age 39.91 years and mean BMI 46.94 kg/m(2) were included in the study. GERD score and GERD-HRQL have a positive linear correlation with DeMeester score (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). EORTC QLQ-C30 does not correlate with DeMeester score. CONCLUSIONS GERD-related questionnaires could be used in obese population as preoperative screening tool for GERD. However, our results indicate that the quality of life of obese patients is not affected by the existence of GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Doulami
- "Hippokration" General Hospital of Athens, 114 Vas Sofias Av, 11527, Athens, Greece,
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Bennett S, Gostimir M, Shorr R, Mallick R, Mamazza J, Neville A. The role of routine preoperative upper endoscopy in bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016; 12:1116-1125. [PMID: 27320221 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The necessity of routine preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) before bariatric surgery is controversial. European guidelines recommend routine EGD while North American guidelines recommend a selective approach. OBJECTIVE Perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the proportion and scope of clinical findings discovered at preoperative EGD. SETTING Academic hospital, Canada. METHODS A search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases included MeSH terms "bariatric surgery," "endoscopy," and "preoperative." Inclusion criteria were any case series, cohort study, or clinical trial describing results of preoperative EGD for any bariatric surgery. Exclusion criteria were studies with<10 patients, patients<18 years of age, or revisional operations. Changes in surgical and medical management and proportions of pathologic findings were extracted and combined in a meta-analysis using the random effects model. RESULTS Initial search identified 532 citations. Forty-eight were included after full text review. Included studies comprised 12,261 patients with a mean (SD) age of 40.5 (1.3) years and body mass index of 46.3 (1.5) kg/m(2). The majority of patients (77.1%) were female. The proportion of EGDs resulting in a change in surgical management was 7.8%. After removing benign findings with controversial impact on management (hiatal hernia, gastritis, peptic ulcer), this was found to be .4%. Changes in medical management were seen in 27.5%, but after eliminating Helicobacter pylori eradication, this was found to be 2.5%. CONCLUSION Preoperative EGD in average-risk, asymptomatic bariatric surgery patients should be considered optional, as the proportion of EGDs that resulted in important changes in management was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Bennett
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Risa Shorr
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ranjeeta Mallick
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Mamazza
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Neville
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Tolone S, Savarino E, de Bortoli N, Frazzoni M, Furnari M, d'Alessandro A, Ruggiero R, Docimo G, Brusciano L, Gili S, Pirozzi R, Parisi S, Colella C, Bondanese M, Pascotto B, Buonomo N, Savarino V, Docimo L. Esophagogastric junction morphology assessment by high resolution manometry in obese patients candidate to bariatric surgery. Int J Surg 2015; 28 Suppl 1:S109-13. [PMID: 26718611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a strong independent risk factor of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and hiatal hernia development. Pure restrictive bariatric surgery should not be indicated in case of hiatal hernia and GERD. However it is unclear what is the real incidence of disruption of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) in patients candidate to bariatric surgery. Actually, high resolution manometry (HRM) can provide accurate information about EGJ morphology. Aim of this study was to describe the EGJ morphology determined by HRM in obese patients candidate to bariatric surgery and to verify if different EGJ morphologies are associated to GERD-related symptoms presence. METHODS All patients underwent a standardized questionnaire for symptom presence and severity, upper endoscopy, high resolution manometry (HRM). EGJ was classified as: Type I, no separation between the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and crural diaphragm (CD); Type II, minimal separation (>1 and < 2 cm); Type III, >2 cm separation. RESULTS One hundred thirty-eight obese (BMI>35) subjects were studied. Ninety-eight obese patients referred at least one GERD-related symptom, whereas 40 subjects were symptom-free. According to HRM features, EGJ Type I morphology was documented in 51 (36.9%) patients, Type II in 48 (34.8%) and Type III in 39 (28.3%). EGJ Type III subjects were more frequently associated to Symptoms than EGJ Type I (38/39, 97.4%, vs. 21/59, 41.1% p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Obese subjects candidate to bariatric surgery have a high risk of disruption of EGJ morphology. In particular, obese patients with hiatal hernia often refer pre-operative presence of GERD symptoms. Testing obese patients with HRM before undergoing bariatric surgery, especially for restrictive procedures, can be useful for assessing presence of hiatal hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Tolone
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; GISE, Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dell'Esofago, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; GISE, Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dell'Esofago, Italy.
| | - Nicola de Bortoli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; GISE, Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dell'Esofago, Italy.
| | - Marzio Frazzoni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Baggiovara Hospital, Modena, Italy; GISE, Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dell'Esofago, Italy.
| | - Manuele Furnari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; GISE, Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dell'Esofago, Italy.
| | - Antonio d'Alessandro
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberto Ruggiero
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Brusciano
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Gili
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Pirozzi
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Parisi
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmine Colella
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariachiara Bondanese
- Division of Surgical Pathophysiology, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Beniamino Pascotto
- Division of Surgical Pathophysiology, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - NunzioMattia Buonomo
- Division of Surgical Pathophysiology, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Savarino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; GISE, Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dell'Esofago, Italy.
| | - Ludovico Docimo
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Mora F, Cassinello N, Mora M, Bosca M, Minguez M, Ortega J. Esophageal abnormalities in morbidly obese adult patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015; 12:622-628. [PMID: 26686303 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in body mass index has been found to be associated with an increase in the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, esophageal mucosal injury, and GERD complications. Few systematic studies with objective tests have evaluated esophageal disorders in the morbidly obese population. OBJECTIVES To define more precisely in morbidly obese people the incidence of esophageal symptoms and characterize the esophageal disorders using objective data. SETTING University Hospital, Spain. METHODS Two hundred twenty-four presurgical morbidly obese patients were submitted to a protocol including a clinical history and objective tests (endoscopy, stationary esophageal manometry, 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring and isotopic emptying of the esophagus). RESULTS In a morbidly obese population, heartburn (50.9%) and regurgitation (28.6%) were the most prevalent symptoms of GERD. Endoscopy registered hiatus hernia (12.5%) and reflux esophagitis (17.3%). Manometry was often abnormal (33.4%), with a hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter as the most common finding. Esophageal pH-metry was abnormal in 54.2% of the cases. Finally, 9.1% of the patients presented with abnormal isotopic esophageal emptying. A correlation between the degree of obesity and the severity of symptoms/objective tests for esophageal abnormalities could not be found. CONCLUSIONS In morbidly obese patients, GERD is common, symptoms are unspecific, and there is a high prevalence of pH-metry and manometric abnormalities, unrelated to the degree of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mora
- Department of Digestive Diseases, University Clinic Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Norberto Cassinello
- Department of Surgery, Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University Clinic Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Mora
- Department of Digestive Diseases, University Clinic Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maia Bosca
- Department of Digestive Diseases, University Clinic Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Minguez
- Department of Digestive Diseases, University Clinic Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Surgery, Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University Clinic Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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“Normal Values of 24H Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance pH-Metry in a Greek Obese Population Based on Montreal Definition of Gerd”. Obes Surg 2015; 26:126-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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