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Huo A, Wang F. Biomarkers of ulcerative colitis disease activity CXCL1, CYP2R1, LPCAT1, and NEU4 and their relationship to immune infiltrates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12126. [PMID: 37495756 PMCID: PMC10372061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39012-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and assessment of ulcerative colitis (UC) poses significant challenges, which may result in inadequate treatment and a poor prognosis for patients. This study aims to identify potential activity biomarkers for UC and investigate the role of infiltrating immune cells in the disease. To perform gene set enrichment analysis, we utilized the cluster profiler and ggplot2 packages. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes was used to analyze degenerate enrichment genes. Significant gene set enrichment was determined using the cluster profiler and ggplot2 packages. Additionally, quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to validate the expression of each marker in the ulcerative colitis model. We identified 651 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and further investigated potential UC activity biomarkers. Our analysis revealed that CXCL1 (AUC = 0.710), CYP2R1 (AUC = 0.863), LPCAT1 (AUC = 0.783), and NEU4 (AUC = 0.833) were promising activity markers for the diagnosis of UC. Using rat DSS model, we validated these markers through qRT-PCR, which showed statistically significant differences between UC and normal colon mucosa. Infiltrating immune cell analysis indicated that M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, activated dendritic cells (DCs), and neutrophils played crucial roles in the occurrence and progression of UC. Moreover, the activity markers exhibited varying degrees of correlation with activated memory CD4 T cells, M0 macrophages, T follicular helper cells, memory B cells, and activated DCs. The potential diagnostic genes for UC activity, such as CXCL1, CYP2R1, LPCAT1, and NEU4, as well as the infiltration of immune cells, may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Huo
- Department of Nephropathy and Immunology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, No. 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, No. 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China.
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Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2) co-localises with TLR4 and regulates macrophage inflammatory gene expression in response to LPS. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10355. [PMID: 32587324 PMCID: PMC7316826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive investigations, an effective treatment for sepsis remains elusive and a better understanding of the inflammatory response to infection is required to identify potential new targets for therapy. In this study we have used RNAi technology to show, for the first time, that the inducible lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2) plays a key role in macrophage inflammatory gene expression in response to stimulation with bacterial ligands. Using siRNA- or shRNA-mediated knockdown, we demonstrate that, in contrast to the constitutive LPCAT1, LPCAT2 is required for macrophage cytokine gene expression and release in response to TLR4 and TLR2 ligand stimulation but not for TLR-independent stimuli. In addition, cells transfected to overexpress LPCAT2 exhibited increased expression of inflammatory genes in response to LPS and other bacterial ligands. Furthermore, we have used immunoprecipitation and Western blotting to show that in response to LPS, LPCAT2, but not LPCAT1, rapidly associates with TLR4 and translocates to membrane lipid raft domains. Our data thus suggest a novel mechanism for the regulation of inflammatory gene expression in response to bacterial stimuli and highlight LPCAT2 as a potential therapeutic target for development of anti-inflammatory and anti-sepsis therapies.
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Helsley RN, Varadharajan V, Brown AL, Gromovsky AD, Schugar RC, Ramachandiran I, Fung K, Kabbany MN, Banerjee R, Neumann CK, Finney C, Pathak P, Orabi D, Osborn LJ, Massey W, Zhang R, Kadam A, Sansbury BE, Pan C, Sacks J, Lee RG, Crooke RM, Graham MJ, Lemieux ME, Gogonea V, Kirwan JP, Allende DS, Civelek M, Fox PL, Rudel LL, Lusis AJ, Spite M, Brown JM. Obesity-linked suppression of membrane-bound O-acyltransferase 7 (MBOAT7) drives non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. eLife 2019; 8:e49882. [PMID: 31621579 PMCID: PMC6850774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified a genetic variant rs641738 near two genes encoding membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7) and transmembrane channel-like 4 (TMC4) that associate with increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcohol-related cirrhosis, and liver fibrosis in those infected with viral hepatitis (Buch et al., 2015; Mancina et al., 2016; Luukkonen et al., 2016; Thabet et al., 2016; Viitasalo et al., 2016; Krawczyk et al., 2017; Thabet et al., 2017). Based on hepatic expression quantitative trait loci analysis, it has been suggested that MBOAT7 loss of function promotes liver disease progression (Buch et al., 2015; Mancina et al., 2016; Luukkonen et al., 2016; Thabet et al., 2016; Viitasalo et al., 2016; Krawczyk et al., 2017; Thabet et al., 2017), but this has never been formally tested. Here we show that Mboat7 loss, but not Tmc4, in mice is sufficient to promote the progression of NAFLD in the setting of high fat diet. Mboat7 loss of function is associated with accumulation of its substrate lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) lipids, and direct administration of LPI promotes hepatic inflammatory and fibrotic transcriptional changes in an Mboat7-dependent manner. These studies reveal a novel role for MBOAT7-driven acylation of LPI lipids in suppressing the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Helsley
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | | | - Amanda L Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Anthony D Gromovsky
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Rebecca C Schugar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Iyappan Ramachandiran
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | | | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Chase K Neumann
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Chelsea Finney
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Preeti Pathak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Lucas J Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - William Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Renliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Anagha Kadam
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Brian E Sansbury
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics & Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Jessica Sacks
- Department of PathobiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Richard G Lee
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug DiscoveryIonis Pharmaceuticals, IncCarlsbadUnited States
| | - Rosanne M Crooke
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug DiscoveryIonis Pharmaceuticals, IncCarlsbadUnited States
| | - Mark J Graham
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug DiscoveryIonis Pharmaceuticals, IncCarlsbadUnited States
| | | | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of ChemistryCleveland State UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - John P Kirwan
- Department of PathobiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Daniela S Allende
- Department of Anatomical PathologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Lawrence L Rudel
- Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid SciencesWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Matthew Spite
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics & Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
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Llewellyn A, Foey A. Probiotic Modulation of Innate Cell Pathogen Sensing and Signaling Events. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1156. [PMID: 29065562 PMCID: PMC5691772 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence documenting probiotic bacteria to have a beneficial effect to the host through their ability to modulate the mucosal immune system. Many probiotic bacteria can be considered to act as either immune activators or immune suppressors, which have appreciable influence on homeostasis, inflammatory- and suppressive-immunopathology. What is becoming apparent is the ability of these probiotics to modulate innate immune responses via direct or indirect effects on the signaling pathways that drive these activatory or suppressive/tolerogenic mechanisms. This review will focus on the immunomodulatory role of probiotics on signaling pathways in innate immune cells: from positive to negative regulation associated with innate immune cells driving gut mucosal functionality. Research investigations have shown probiotics to modulate innate functionality in many ways including, receptor antagonism, receptor expression, binding to and expression of adaptor proteins, expression of negative regulatory signal molecules, induction of micro-RNAs, endotoxin tolerisation and finally, the secretion of immunomodulatory proteins, lipids and metabolites. The detailed understanding of the immunomodulatory signaling effects of probiotic strains will facilitate strain-specific selective manipulation of innate cell signal mechanisms in the modulation of mucosal adjuvanticity, immune deviation and tolerisation in both healthy subjects and patients with inflammatory and suppressive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Llewellyn
- School of Biomedical & Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
- Menzies School of Health Research, John Mathews Building (Building 58), Royal Darwin Hospital Campus, PO Box 41096, Casuarina NT0811, Australia.
| | - Andrew Foey
- School of Biomedical & Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Cationic Nanoemulsions Bearing Ciprofloxacin Surf-Plexes Enhances Its Therapeutic Efficacy in Conditions of E. coli Induced Peritonitis and Sepsis. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2630-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Schmitz G, Ruebsaamen K. Metabolism and atherogenic disease association of lysophosphatidylcholine. Atherosclerosis 2009; 208:10-8. [PMID: 19570538 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a major plasma lipid that has been recognized as an important cell signalling molecule produced under physiological conditions by the action of phospholipase A(2) on phosphatidylcholine. LPC transports glycerophospholipid components such as fatty acids, phosphatidylglycerol and choline between tissues. LPC is a ligand for specific G protein-coupled signalling receptors and activates several second messengers. LPC is also a major phospholipid component of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (Ox-LDL) and is implicated as a critical factor in the atherogenic activity of Ox-LDL. Hence, LPC plays an important role in atherosclerosis and acute and chronic inflammation. In this review we focus in some detail on LPC function, biochemical pathways, sources and signal-transduction system. Moreover, we outline the detection of LPC by mass spectrometry which is currently the best method for accurate and simultaneous analysis of each individual LPC species and reveal the pathophysiological implication of LPC which makes it an interesting target for biomarker and drug development regarding atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Jackson SK, Abate W, Tonks AJ. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases: novel potential regulators of the inflammatory response and target for new drug discovery. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 119:104-14. [PMID: 18538854 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular and biochemical analyses of membrane phospholipids have revealed that, in addition to their physico-chemical properties, the metabolites of phospholipids play a crucial role in the recognition, signalling and responses of cells to a variety of stimuli. Such responses are mediated in large part by the removal and/or addition of different acyl chains to provide different phospholipid molecular species. The reacylation reactions, catalysed by specific acyltransferases control phospholipid composition and the availability of the important mediators free arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases are therefore key control points for cellular responses to a variety of stimuli including inflammation. Regulation or manipulation of lysophospholipid acyltransferases may thus provide important mechanisms for novel anti-inflammatory therapies. This review will highlight mammalian lysophospholipid acyltransferases with particular reference to the potential role of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase and its substrates in sepsis and other inflammatory conditions and as a potential target for novel anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon K Jackson
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Frenchay Campus, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
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Jackson SK, Abate W, Parton J, Jones S, Harwood JL. Lysophospholipid metabolism facilitates Toll-like receptor 4 membrane translocation to regulate the inflammatory response. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:86-92. [PMID: 18403647 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0907601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, an overwhelming inflammatory response to infection, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and has no specific therapy. Phospholipid metabolites, such as lysophospholipids, have been shown to regulate inflammatory responses in sepsis, although their mechanism of action is not well understood. The phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes, lysophospholipid acyltransferases, control membrane phospholipid composition, function, and the inflammatory responses of innate immune cells. Here, we show that lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) regulates inflammatory responses to LPS and other microbial stimuli. Specific inhibition of LPCAT down-regulated inflammatory cytokine production in monocytes and epithelial cells by preventing translocation of TLR4 into membrane lipid raft domains. Our observations demonstrate a new regulatory mechanism that facilitates the innate immune responses to microbial molecular patterns and provide a basis for the anti-inflammatory activity observed in many phospholipid metabolites. This provides the possibility of the development of new classes of anti-inflammatory and antisepsis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon K Jackson
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
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Ståhl U, Stålberg K, Stymne S, Ronne H. A family of eukaryotic lysophospholipid acyltransferases with broad specificity. FEBS Lett 2007; 582:305-9. [PMID: 18154737 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The budding yeast ALE1 gene encodes a lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPLAT) with broad specificity. We show that yeast LPLAT (ScLPLAT) belongs to a distinct protein family that includes human MBOAT1, MBOAT2, MBOAT4, and several closely related proteins from other eukaryotes. We further show that two plant proteins within this family, the Arabidopsis proteins AtLPLAT1 and AtLPLAT2, possess lysophospholipid acyltransferase activities similar to ScLPLAT. We propose that other members of this protein family, which we refer to as the LPLAT family, also are likely to possess LPLAT activity. Finally, we show that ScLPLAT differs from the specific lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that is encoded by SLC1 in that it cannot efficiently use lysophosphatidic acid produced by acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Ståhl
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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The yeast acylglycerol acyltransferase LCA1 is a key component of Lands cycle for phosphatidylcholine turnover. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:5511-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 10/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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