1
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Heurich M, McCluskey G. Complement and coagulation crosstalk - Factor H in the spotlight. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152707. [PMID: 37633063 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The immune complement and the coagulation systems are blood-based proteolytic cascades that are activated by pathway-specific triggers, based on protein-protein interactions and enzymatic cleavage reactions. Activation of these systems is finely balanced and controlled through specific regulatory mechanisms. The complement and coagulation systems are generally viewed as distinct, but have common evolutionary origins, and several interactions between these homologous systems have been reported. This complement and coagulation crosstalk can affect activation, amplification and regulatory functions in both systems. In this review, we summarize the literature on coagulation factors contributing to complement alternative pathway activation and regulation and highlight molecular interactions of the complement alternative pathway regulator factor H with several coagulation factors. We propose a mechanism where factor H interactions with coagulation factors may contribute to both complement and coagulation activation and regulation within the haemostatic system and fibrin clot microenvironment and introduce the emerging role of factor H as a modulator of coagulation. Finally, we discuss the potential impact of these protein interactions in diseases associated with factor H dysregulation or deficiency as well as evidence of coagulation dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Heurich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom.
| | - Geneviève McCluskey
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Hémostase, Inflammation, Thrombose HITH U1176, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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2
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Functional Loss of Terminal Complement Complex Protects Rabbits from Injury-Induced Osteoarthritis on Structural and Cellular Level. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020216. [PMID: 36830586 PMCID: PMC9953363 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The terminal complement complex (TCC) has been described as a potential driver in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). However, sublytic TCC deposition might also play a crucial role in bone development and regeneration. Therefore, we elucidated the effects of TCC on joint-related tissues using a rabbit PTOA model. In brief, a C6-deficient rabbit breed was characterized on genetic, protein, and functional levels. Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) was performed in C6-deficient (C6-/-) and C6-sufficient (C6+/-) rabbits. After eight weeks, the progression of PTOA was determined histologically. Moreover, the structure of the subchondral bone was evaluated by µCT analysis. C6 deficiency could be attributed to a homozygous 3.6 kb deletion within the C6 gene and subsequent loss of the C5b binding site. Serum from C6-/- animals revealed no hemolytic activity. After ACLT surgery, joints of C6-/- rabbits exhibited significantly lower OA scores, including reduced cartilage damage, hypocellularity, cluster formation, and osteophyte number, as well as lower chondrocyte apoptosis rates and synovial prostaglandin E2 levels. Moreover, ACLT surgery significantly decreased the trabecular number in the subchondral bone of C6-/- rabbits. Overall, the absence of TCC protected from injury-induced OA progression but had minor effects on the micro-structure of the subchondral bone.
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3
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Jackson WD, Gulino A, Fossati-Jimack L, Castro Seoane R, Tian K, Best K, Köhl J, Belmonte B, Strid J, Botto M. C3 Drives Inflammatory Skin Carcinogenesis Independently of C5. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:404-414.e6. [PMID: 32682912 PMCID: PMC8150327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common form of cancer and can occur as a consequence of DNA damage to the epithelium by UVR or chemical carcinogens. There is growing evidence that the complement system is involved in cancer immune surveillance; however, its role in cSCC remains unclear. Here, we show that complement genes are expressed in tissue from patients with cSCC, and C3 activation fragments are present in cSCC biopsies, indicating complement activation. Using a range of complement-deficient mice in a two-stage mouse model of chemically-induced cSCC, where a subclinical dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene causes oncogenic mutations in epithelial cells and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotes the outgrowth of these cells, we found that C3-deficient mice displayed a significantly reduced tumor burden, whereas an opposite phenotype was observed in mice lacking C5aR1, C5aR2, and C3a receptor. In addition, in mice unable to form the membrane attack complex, the tumor progression was unaltered. C3 deficiency did not affect the cancer response to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene treatment alone but reduced the epidermal hyperplasia during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation. Collectively, these data indicate that C3 drives tumorigenesis during chronic skin inflammation, independently of the downstream generation of C5a or membrane attack complex.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/administration & dosage
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/toxicity
- Animals
- Carcinogens/administration & dosage
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Complement Activation/genetics
- Complement Activation/immunology
- Complement C3/genetics
- Complement C3/metabolism
- Complement C5/metabolism
- Complement Membrane Attack Complex/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/genetics
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/metabolism
- Receptors, Complement/genetics
- Receptors, Complement/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Escape
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Jackson
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Liliane Fossati-Jimack
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Castro Seoane
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kunyuan Tian
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Best
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jessica Strid
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marina Botto
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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4
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Xing H, Chen J, Peng M, Wang Z, Liu F, Li S, Teng X. Identification of signal pathways for immunotoxicity in the spleen of common carp exposed to chlorpyrifos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109464. [PMID: 31398777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an environmental pollutant due to its high toxicity to aquatic animals. Because CPF was detected in aquatic environments in many countries, it has been widely concerned by researchers. Although the immunotoxicity of CPF to fish had been reported, the immunotoxicity mechanism is still not clear. Recently, transcriptome analysis has become a major method to study the toxic mechanism of pollutants in environmental toxicology. However, the immunotoxicity identification of CPF on fish had not been reported by transcriptome analysis. In the present study, we examined the effects of CPF on organismal system in the spleen of common carp by transcriptome analysis. We have successfully constructed a database of transcriptome analysis of carp spleens under exposure to CPF and found 773 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (including 498 up-regulated DEGs and 275 down-regulated DEGs) and 4 branches (containing 33 known KEGG pathways). Some genes associated with the 4 pathways (Complement and coagulation cascades, PPAR signaling pathway, Fat digestion and absorption, and Collecting duct acid secretion) contained in organismal system were validated by quantitative real-time PCR and showed significant improvement compared with the control group. Our results indicated that exposure to CPF caused a change in the signal pathways of organismal system in carp spleens. The present study provides new insights into the immunotoxicity mechanism and risk assessment of CPF, as well as references for comparative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jianqing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Muqiao Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Centre for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Centre for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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5
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Landsem A, Fure H, Krey Ludviksen J, Christiansen D, Lau C, Mathisen M, Bergseth G, Nymo S, Lappegård KT, Woodruff TM, Espevik T, Mollnes TE, Brekke OL. Complement component 5 does not interfere with physiological hemostasis but is essential for Escherichia coli-induced coagulation accompanied by Toll-like receptor 4. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 196:97-110. [PMID: 30444525 PMCID: PMC6422650 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a close cross-talk between complement, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and coagulation. The role of the central complement component 5 (C5) in physiological and pathophysiological hemostasis has not, however, been fully elucidated. This study examined the effects of C5 in normal hemostasis and in Escherichia coli-induced coagulation and tissue factor (TF) up-regulation. Fresh whole blood obtained from six healthy donors and one C5-deficient individual (C5D) was anti-coagulated with the thrombin inhibitor lepirudin. Blood was incubated with or without E. coli in the presence of the C5 inhibitor eculizumab, a blocking anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD14) or the TLR-4 inhibitor eritoran. C5D blood was reconstituted with purified human C5. TF mRNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and monocyte TF and CD11b surface expression by flow cytometry. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PTF1·2) in plasma and microparticles exposing TF (TF-MP) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Coagulation kinetics were analyzed by rotational thromboelastometry and platelet function by PFA-200. Normal blood with eculizumab as well as C5D blood with or without reconstitution with C5 displayed completely normal biochemical hemostatic patterns. In contrast, E. coli-induced TF mRNA and TF-MP were significantly reduced by C5 inhibition. C5 inhibition combined with anti-CD14 or eritoran completely inhibited the E. coli-induced monocyte TF, TF-MP and plasma PTF1·2. Addition of C5a alone did not induce TF expression on monocytes. In conclusion, C5 showed no impact on physiological hemostasis, but substantially contributed to E. coli-induced procoagulant events, which were abolished by the combined inhibition of C5 and CD14 or TLR-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Landsem
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Fure
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - J Krey Ludviksen
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - D Christiansen
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - C Lau
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - M Mathisen
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - G Bergseth
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - S Nymo
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - K T Lappegård
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - T M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - T Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen TREC, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - O-L Brekke
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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6
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Mödinger Y, Rapp AE, Vikman A, Ren Z, Fischer V, Bergdolt S, Haffner-Luntzer M, Song WC, Lambris JD, Huber-Lang M, Neidlinger-Wilke C, Brenner RE, Ignatius A. Reduced Terminal Complement Complex Formation in Mice Manifests in Low Bone Mass and Impaired Fracture Healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:147-161. [PMID: 30339839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The terminal complement complex (TCC) is formed on activation of the complement system, a crucial arm of innate immunity. TCC formation on cell membranes results in a transmembrane pore leading to cell lysis. In addition, sublytic TCC concentrations can modulate various cellular functions. TCC-induced effects may play a role in the pathomechanisms of inflammatory disorders of the bone, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the TCC on bone turnover and repair. Mice deficient for complement component 6 (C6), an essential component for TCC assembly, and mice with a knockout of CD59, which is a negative regulator of TCC formation, were used in this study. The bone phenotype was analyzed in vivo, and bone cell behavior was analyzed ex vivo. In addition, the mice were subjected to a femur osteotomy. Under homeostatic conditions, C6-deficient mice displayed a reduced bone mass, mainly because of increased osteoclast activity. After femur fracture, the inflammatory response was altered and bone formation was disturbed, which negatively affected the healing outcome. By contrast, CD59-knockout mice only displayed minor skeletal alterations and uneventful bone healing, although the early inflammatory reaction to femur fracture was marginally enhanced. These results demonstrate that TCC-mediated effects regulate bone turnover and promote an adequate response to fracture, contributing to an uneventful healing outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Mödinger
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna E Rapp
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Vikman
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhaozhou Ren
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bergdolt
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Rolf E Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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7
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Granados-Durán P, López-Ávalos MD, Cifuentes M, Pérez-Martín M, Fernández-Arjona MDM, Hughes TR, Johnson K, Morgan BP, Fernández-Llebrez P, Grondona JM. Microbial Neuraminidase Induces a Moderate and Transient Myelin Vacuolation Independent of Complement System Activation. Front Neurol 2017; 8:78. [PMID: 28326060 PMCID: PMC5339270 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Some central nervous system pathogens express neuraminidase (NA) on their surfaces. In the rat brain, a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of NA induces myelin vacuolation in axonal tracts. Here, we explore the nature, the time course, and the role of the complement system in this damage. METHODS The spatiotemporal analysis of myelin vacuolation was performed by optical and electron microscopy. Myelin basic protein-positive area and oligodendrocyte transcription factor (Olig2)-positive cells were quantified in the damaged bundles. Neuronal death in the affected axonal tracts was assessed by Fluoro-Jade B and anti-caspase-3 staining. To evaluate the role of the complement, membrane attack complex (MAC) deposition on damaged bundles was analyzed using anti-C5b9. Rats ICV injected with the anaphylatoxin C5a were studied for myelin damage. In addition, NA-induced vacuolation was studied in rats with different degrees of complement inhibition: normal rats treated with anti-C5-blocking antibody and C6-deficient rats. RESULTS The stria medullaris, the optic chiasm, and the fimbria were the most consistently damaged axonal tracts. Vacuolation peaked 7 days after NA injection and reverted by day 15. Olig2+ cell number in the damaged tracts was unaltered, and neurodegeneration associated with myelin alterations was not detected. MAC was absent on damaged axonal tracts, as revealed by C5b9 immunostaining. Rats ICV injected with the anaphylatoxin C5a displayed no myelin injury. When the complement system was experimentally or constitutively inhibited, NA-induced myelin vacuolation was similar to that observed in normal rats. CONCLUSION Microbial NA induces a moderate and transient myelin vacuolation that is not caused either by neuroinflammation or complement system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Granados-Durán
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
| | - María Dolores López-Ávalos
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
| | - Manuel Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER BBN, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Margarita Pérez-Martín
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
| | - María Del Mar Fernández-Arjona
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | | | - B Paul Morgan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Pedro Fernández-Llebrez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
| | - Jesús M Grondona
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Málaga , Spain
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8
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Ding P, Li L, Huang T, Yang C, Xu E, Wang N, Zhang L, Gu H, Yao X, Zhou X, Hu W. Complement component 6 deficiency increases susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1293-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Fu X, Ju J, Lin Z, Xiao W, Li X, Zhuang B, Zhang T, Ma X, Li X, Ma C, Su W, Wang Y, Qin X, Liang S. Target deletion of complement component 9 attenuates antibody-mediated hemolysis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute shock in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30239. [PMID: 27444648 PMCID: PMC4957234 DOI: 10.1038/srep30239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal complement membrane attack complex (MAC) formation is induced initially by
C5b, followed by the sequential condensation of the C6, C7, C8. Polymerization of C9
to the C5b-8 complex forms the C5b-9 (or MAC). The C5b-9 forms lytic or non lytic
pores in the cell membrane destroys membrane integrity. The biological
functionalities of MAC has been previously investigated by using either the mice
deficient in C5 and C6, or MAC’s regulator CD59. However, there is no
available C9 deficient mice (mC9−/−)
for directly dissecting the role of C5b-9 in the pathogenesis of human diseases.
Further, since C5b-7 and C5b-8 complexes form non lytic pore, it may also plays
biological functionality. To better understand the role of terminal complement
cascades, here we report a successful generation of
mC9−/−. We demonstrated that lack
of C9 attenuates anti-erythrocyte antibody-mediated hemolysis or LPS-induced acute
shock. Further, the rescuing effect on the acute shock correlates with the less
release of IL-1β in
mC9−/−, which is associated with
suppression of MAC-mediated inflammasome activation in
mC9−/−. Taken together, these
results not only confirm the critical role of C5b-9 in complement-mediated hemolysis
and but also highlight the critical role of C5b-9 in inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Fu
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Jiyu Ju
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Zhijuan Lin
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Weiling Xiao
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Baoxiang Zhuang
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Chao Ma
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Weiliang Su
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
| | - Shujuan Liang
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, P.R.China
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10
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Granados-Durán P, López-Ávalos MD, Hughes TR, Johnson K, Morgan BP, Tamburini PP, Fernández-Llebrez P, Grondona JM. Complement system activation contributes to the ependymal damage induced by microbial neuraminidase. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:115. [PMID: 27209022 PMCID: PMC4875702 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the rat brain, a single intracerebroventricular injection of neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens induces ependymal detachment and death. This injury occurs before the infiltration of inflammatory blood cells; some reports implicate the complement system as a cause of these injuries. Here, we set out to test the role of complement. Methods The assembly of the complement membrane attack complex on the ependymal epithelium of rats injected with neuraminidase was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Complement activation, triggered by neuraminidase, and the participation of different activation pathways were analyzed by Western blot. In vitro studies used primary cultures of ependymal cells and explants of the septal ventricular wall. In these models, ependymal cells were exposed to neuraminidase in the presence or absence of complement, and their viability was assessed by observing beating of cilia or by trypan blue staining. The role of complement in ependymal damage induced by neuraminidase was analyzed in vivo in two rat models of complement blockade: systemic inhibition of C5 by using a function blocking antibody and testing in C6-deficient rats. Results The complement membrane attack complex immunolocalized on the ependymal surface in rats injected intracerebroventricularly with neuraminidase. C3 activation fragments were found in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of rats treated with neuraminidase, suggesting that neuraminidase itself activates complement. In ventricular wall explants and isolated ependymal cells, treatment with neuraminidase alone induced ependymal cell death; however, the addition of complement caused increased cell death and disorganization of the ependymal epithelium. In rats treated with anti-C5 and in C6-deficient rats, intracerebroventricular injection of neuraminidase provoked reduced ependymal alterations compared to non-treated or control rats. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the absence of membrane attack complex on the ependymal surfaces of neuraminidase-exposed rats treated with anti-C5 or deficient in C6. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the complement system contributes to ependymal damage and death caused by neuraminidase. However, neuraminidase alone can induce moderate ependymal damage without the aid of complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Granados-Durán
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - María Dolores López-Ávalos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Krista Johnson
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 352 Knotter Drive, Cheshire, CT, 06410, USA
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul P Tamburini
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 352 Knotter Drive, Cheshire, CT, 06410, USA
| | - Pedro Fernández-Llebrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Jesús M Grondona
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
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11
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Abstract
Throughout evolution, organisms have developed means to contain wounds by simultaneously limiting bleeding and eliminating pathogens and damaged host cells via the recruitment of innate defense mechanisms. Disease emerges when there is unchecked activation of innate immune and/or coagulation responses. A key component of innate immunity is the complement system. Concurrent excess activation of coagulation and complement - two major blood-borne proteolytic pathways - is evident in numerous diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, venous thromboembolic disease, thrombotic microangiopathies, arthritis, cancer, and infectious diseases. Delineating the cross-talk between these two cascades will uncover novel therapeutic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Conway
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
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12
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Ramaglia V, Jackson SJ, Hughes TR, Neal JW, Baker D, Morgan BP. Complement activation and expression during chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the Biozzi ABH mouse. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:432-41. [PMID: 25619542 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (crEAE) in mice recapitulates many of the clinical and histopathological features of human multiple sclerosis (MS), making it a preferred model for the disease. In both, adaptive immunity and anti-myelin T cells responses are thought to be important, while in MS a role for innate immunity and complement has emerged. Here we sought to test whether complement is activated in crEAE and important for disease. Disease was induced in Biozzi ABH mice that were terminated at different stages of the disease to assess complement activation and local complement expression in the central nervous system. Complement activation products were abundant in all spinal cord areas examined in acute disease during relapse and in the progressive phase, but were absent in early disease remission, despite significant residual clinical disease. Local expression of C1q and C3 was increased at all stages of disease, while C9 expression was increased only in acute disease; expression of the complement regulators CD55, complement receptor 1-related gene/protein y (Crry) and CD59a was reduced at all stages of the disease compared to naive controls. These data show that complement is activated in the central nervous system in the model and suggest that it is a suitable candidate for exploring whether anti-complement agents might be of benefit in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ramaglia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S J Jackson
- Neuroinflammation, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - T R Hughes
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J W Neal
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Baker
- Neuroinflammation, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - B P Morgan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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13
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C6 deficiency does not alter intrinsic regeneration speed after peripheral nerve crush injury. Neurosci Res 2014; 87:26-32. [PMID: 25011063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury leads to Wallerian degeneration, followed by regeneration, in which functionality and morphology of the nerve are restored. We previously described that deficiency for complement component C6, which prevents formation of the membrane attack complex, slows down degeneration and results in an earlier recovery of sensory function after sciatic nerve injury compared to WT animals. In this study, we determine whether C6(-/-) rats have an intrinsic trait that affects sciatic nerve regeneration after injury. To study the contribution of complement activation on degeneration and regeneration with only minimal effect of complement activation, a crush injury model with only modest complement deposition was used. We compared the morphological and functional aspects of crushed nerves during degeneration and regeneration in C6(-/-) and WT animals. Morphological changes of myelin and axons showed similar degeneration and regeneration patterns in WT and C6(-/-) injured nerves. Functional degeneration and regeneration, recorded by ex vivo electrophysiology and in vivo foot flick test, showed that the timeline of the restoration of nerve conduction and sensory recovery also followed similar patterns in WT and C6(-/-) animals. Our findings suggest that C6 deficiency by itself does not alter the regrowth capacity of the peripheral nerve after crush injury.
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14
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Elvington A, Atkinson C, Zhu H, Yu J, Takahashi K, Stahl GL, Kindy MS, Tomlinson S. The alternative complement pathway propagates inflammation and injury in murine ischemic stroke. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:4640-7. [PMID: 23028050 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence indicating an important role for complement in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, or ischemic stroke. The role of the alternative complement pathway in ischemic stroke has not been investigated, and there is conflicting data on the role of the terminal pathway. In this study, we show that compared with wild-type mice, mice deficient in the alternative pathway protein factor B or mice treated with the alternative pathway inhibitor CR2-fH have improved outcomes after 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion and 24-h reperfusion. Factor B-deficient or CR2-fH-treated mice were protected in terms of improved neurologic function and reduced cerebral infarct, demyelination, P-selectin expression, neutrophil infiltration, and microthrombi formation. Mice deficient in both the classical and lectin pathways (C1q/MBL deficient) were also protected from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and there was no detectable C3d deposition in the ipsilateral brain of these mice. These data demonstrate that the alternative pathway is not alone sufficient to initiate complement activation and indicate that the alternative pathway propagates cerebral injury via amplification of the cascade. Deficiency of C6, a component of the terminal cytolytic membrane attack complex, had no effect on outcome after ischemic stroke, indicating that the membrane attack complex is not involved in mediating injury in this model. We additionally show that the protective effect of factor B deficiency and CR2-fH treatment is sustained in the subacute stage of infarct development, adding to the clinical relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Elvington
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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15
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Banda NK, Hyatt S, Antonioli AH, White JT, Glogowska M, Takahashi K, Merkel TJ, Stahl GL, Mueller-Ortiz S, Wetsel R, Arend WP, Holers VM. Role of C3a receptors, C5a receptors, and complement protein C6 deficiency in collagen antibody-induced arthritis in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:1469-78. [PMID: 22205026 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The complement system, especially the alternative pathway, plays essential roles in the induction of injury in collagen Ab-induced arthritis (CAIA) in mice. The goal of the current study was to directly compare the roles of receptors for C3a and C5a, as well as the membrane attack complex, as effector mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CAIA. Clinical disease activity in C3aR(-/-), C5aR(-/-), and C6-deficient (C6-def) mice was decreased by 52, 94, and 65%, respectively, as compared with wild-type mice. Decreases in histopathologic injury as well as in IgG and C3 deposition paralleled the clinical disease activity. A decrease in the percentage of synovial neutrophils was observed in C3aR(-/-), C5aR(-/-), and C6-def mice, and a decrease in macrophages was observed in C3aR(-/-) and C5aR(-/-), but not in C6-def, mice. Synovial mRNA obtained by laser capture microdissection exhibited a decrease in TNF-α in C5aR(-/-) mice and in IL-1β in both C5aR(-/-) and C6-def mice, whereas C3aR(-/-) mice demonstrated no change in either cytokine. Our findings show that absent C3aR-, C5aR-, or membrane attack complex-initiated effector mechanisms each decrease susceptibility to CAIA, with clinical effects most pronounced in C5aR-deficient mice. Although the absence of C3aR, C5aR, or C6 led to differential deficiencies in effector mechanisms, decreased proximal joint IgG and C3 deposition was common to all three genotypes in comparison with wild-type mice. These data suggest the existence of positive-feedback amplification pathways downstream of all three effectors that promote additional IgG deposition and C3 activation in the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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16
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Complement protein 6 deficiency in PVG/c rats does not lead to neuroprotection against seizure induced cell death. Neuroscience 2011; 188:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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Attenuation of cross-talk between the complement and coagulation cascades by C5a blockade improves early outcomes after intraportal islet transplantation. Transplantation 2011; 90:1358-65. [PMID: 21197712 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181ffb9f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement 5a factor (C5a) elicits a broad range of proinflammatory effects, including chemotaxis of inflammatory cells and cytokine release. C5a is also linked to the coagulant activity in autoimmune diseases. Therefore, C5a most likely plays a crucial role in the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction. METHODS Intraportal transplantation of 2.5 islet equivalents/g of syngeneic rat islet grafts was performed in two groups of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: controls and C5a inhibitory peptide (C5aIP)-treated group. RESULTS The thrombin-antithrombin complex was significantly suppressed in the C5aIP group (P=0.003), and both the curative rate and the glucose tolerance were significantly improved in the C5aIP group (P<0.05 and P<0.005, respectively). Expression of tissue factor on granulocytes in recipient livers was up-regulated 1 h after islet infusion (P<0.0001), which was significantly suppressed by C5aIP (P<0.005). However, C5aIP was unable to regulate tissue factor expression on isolated islets. Furthermore, no differences were detected between the groups, regarding infiltration of CD11b-positive cells and deposition of C5b-9 on the islet grafts. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that C5aIP attenuates cross-talk between the complement and coagulation cascades through suppressing up-regulation of tissue factor expression on leukocytes in recipient livers but not on islet grafts, a process leading to improvement in islet engraftment. Therefore, C5aIP in combination with conventional anticoagulants could be a strong candidate strategy to control the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction induced in clinical islet transplantation.
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18
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Takahashi K, Chang WC, Takahashi M, Pavlov V, Ishida Y, La Bonte L, Shi L, Fujita T, Stahl GL, Van Cott EM. Mannose-binding lectin and its associated proteases (MASPs) mediate coagulation and its deficiency is a risk factor in developing complications from infection, including disseminated intravascular coagulation. Immunobiology 2010; 216:96-102. [PMID: 20399528 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The first line of host defense is the innate immune system that includes coagulation factors and pattern recognition molecules, one of which is mannose-binding lectin (MBL). Previous studies have demonstrated that MBL deficiency increases susceptibility to infection. Several mechanisms are associated with increased susceptibility to infection, including reduced opsonophagocytic killing and reduced lectin complement pathway activation. In this study, we demonstrate that MBL and MBL-associated serine protease (MASP)-1/3 together mediate coagulation factor-like activities, including thrombin-like activity. MBL and/or MASP-1/3 deficient hosts demonstrate in vivo evidence that MBL and MASP-1/3 are involved with hemostasis following injury. Staphylococcus aureus infected MBL null mice developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which was associated with elevated blood IL-6 levels (but not TNF-α and multi-organ inflammatory responses). Infected MBL null mice also develop liver injury. These findings suggest that MBL deficiency may manifest into DIC and organ failure during infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Takahashi
- Developmental Immunology Program, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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19
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Ramaglia V, Tannemaat MR, de Kok M, Wolterman R, Vigar MA, King RHM, Morgan BP, Baas F. Complement inhibition accelerates regeneration in a model of peripheral nerve injury. Mol Immunol 2009; 47:302-9. [PMID: 19833392 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Complement (C) activation is a crucial event in peripheral nerve degeneration but its effect on the subsequent regeneration is unknown. Here we show that genetic deficiency of the sixth C component, C6, accelerates axonal regeneration and recovery in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. Foot-flick test and Sciatic Function Index monitored up to 5 weeks post-injury showed a significant improvement of sensory and motor function in the C6 deficient animals compared to wildtypes. Retrograde tracing experiments showed a significantly higher number of regenerated neurons at 1 week post-injury in C6 deficient rats than wildtypes. Pathology showed improved nerve regeneration in tibials of C6 deficient animals compared to wildtypes. Reconstitution with purified human C6 protein re-established the wildtype phenotype whereas pharmacological inhibition of C activation with soluble C receptor 1 (sCR1) facilitated recovery and improved pathology similarly to C6 deficient animals. We suggest that a destructive C-mediated event during nerve degeneration hampers the subsequent regenerative process. These findings provide a rationale for the testing of anti-complement agents in human nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ramaglia
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Hong Q, Sze CI, Lin SR, Lee MH, He RY, Schultz L, Chang JY, Chen SJ, Boackle RJ, Hsu LJ, Chang NS. Complement C1q activates tumor suppressor WWOX to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5755. [PMID: 19484134 PMCID: PMC2685983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue exudates contain low levels of serum complement proteins, and their regulatory effects on prostate cancer progression are largely unknown. We examined specific serum complement components in coordinating the activation of tumor suppressors p53 and WWOX (also named FOR or WOX1) and kinases ERK, JNK1 and STAT3 in human prostate DU145 cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS DU145 cells were cultured overnight in 1% normal human serum, or in human serum depleted of an indicated complement protein. Under complement C1q- or C6-free conditions, WOX1 and ERK were mainly present in the cytoplasm without phosphorylation, whereas phosphorylated JNK1 was greatly accumulated in the nuclei. Exogenous C1q rapidly restored the WOX1 activation (with Tyr33 phosphorylation) in less than 2 hr. Without serum complement C9, p53 became activated, and hyaluronan (HA) reversed the effect. Under C6-free conditions, HA induced activation of STAT3, an enhancer of metastasis. Notably, exogenous C1q significantly induced apoptosis of WOX1-overexpressing DU145 cells, but not vehicle-expressing cells. A dominant negative and Y33R mutant of WOX1 blocked the apoptotic effect. C1q did not enhance p53-mediated apoptosis. By total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, it was determined that C1q destabilized adherence of WOX1-expressing DU145 cells by partial detaching and inducing formation of clustered microvilli for focal adhesion particularly in between cells. These cells then underwent shrinkage, membrane blebbing and death. Remarkably, as determined by immunostaining, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer were shown to have a significantly reduced expression of tissue C1q, compared to age-matched normal prostate tissues. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that complement C1q may induce apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by activating WOX1 and destabilizing cell adhesion. Downregulation of C1q enhances prostate hyperplasia and cancerous formation due to failure of WOX1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Hong
- Guthrie Research Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Sayre, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chun-I Sze
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sing-Ru Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hui Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ruei-Yu He
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lori Schultz
- Guthrie Research Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Sayre, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jean-Yun Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Robert J. Boackle
- Section of Oral Biology, Department of Stomatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Li-Jin Hsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction Research, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nan-Shan Chang
- Guthrie Research Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Sayre, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction Research, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
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Hart ML, Köhler D, Eckle T, Kloor D, Stahl GL, Eltzschig HK. Direct treatment of mouse or human blood with soluble 5'-nucleotidase inhibits platelet aggregation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:1477-83. [PMID: 18511695 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.169219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adenosine signaling is known to inhibit platelet aggregation. Extracellular adenosine mainly stems from enzymatic phosphohydrolysis of precursor nucleotides via ecto-5'-nucleotidase. Previous studies suggest that soluble 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) derived from Crotalus atrox venom may be clinically beneficial in vascular leakage, myocardial, renal, and intestinal ischemia, or acute lung injury. However, the effects of 5'-NT treatment on platelet aggregation remain unknown. We examined the direct effects of 5'-NT treatment on platelet aggregation in vivo and ex vivo using a whole blood aggregation method. METHODS AND RESULTS Platelet aggregation in whole human blood was completely inhibited by 5'-NT. When 5'-[alphabeta-methylene] diphosphate (APCP), a specific 5'-ecto-nucleotidase inhibitor, was added together with 5'-NT, APCP fully restored collagen- or ADP-induced aggregation. Adenosine levels in whole blood were significantly increased after 5'-NT treatment compared to controls and inhibition of platelet aggregation by 5'-NT was completely reversed by pretreatment with the nonspecific adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline hydrate (8-SPT), suggesting that 5'-NT inhibits aggregation via increased adenosine signaling. Administration of 5'-NT to mice in vivo abolished ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and increased adenosine concentrations and tail bleeding time. CONCLUSIONS 5'-NT treatment inhibits platelet aggregation via generation of increased levels of extracellular adenosine and subsequent adenosine receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Hart
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Ramaglia V, King RHM, Nourallah M, Wolterman R, de Jonge R, Ramkema M, Vigar MA, van der Wetering S, Morgan BP, Troost D, Baas F. The membrane attack complex of the complement system is essential for rapid Wallerian degeneration. J Neurosci 2007; 27:7663-72. [PMID: 17634361 PMCID: PMC6672891 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5623-06.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement (C) system plays an important role in myelin breakdown during Wallerian degeneration (WD). The pathway and mechanism involved are, however, not clear. In a crush injury model of the sciatic nerve, we show that C6, necessary for the assembly of the membrane attack complex (MAC), is essential for rapid WD. At 3 d after injury, pronounced WD occurred in wild-type animals, whereas the axons and myelin of C6-deficient animals appeared intact. Macrophage recruitment and activation was inhibited in C6-deficient rats. However, 7 d after injury, the distal part of the C6-deficient nerves appeared degraded. As a consequence of a delayed WD, more myelin breakdown products were present than in wild-type nerves. Reconstitution of the C6-deficient animals with C6 restored the wild-type phenotype. Treatment with rhC1INH (recombinant human complement 1 inhibitor) blocked deposition of activated C-cleaved products after injury. These experiments demonstrate that the classical pathway of the complement system is activated after acute nerve trauma and that the entire complement cascade, including MAC deposition, is essential for rapid WD and efficient clearance of myelin after acute peripheral nerve trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalind Helen Mary King
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Nourallah
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Marja Ramkema
- Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Ann Vigar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - Brian Paul Morgan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom, and
| | - Dirk Troost
- Department of Neuropathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Neurogenetics Laboratory
- Department of Neurology, and
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23
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Spicer ST, Tran GT, Killingsworth MC, Carter N, Power DA, Paizis K, Boyd R, Hodgkinson SJ, Hall BM. Induction of passive Heymann nephritis in complement component 6-deficient PVG rats. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:172-8. [PMID: 17579035 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.1.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Passive Heymann nephritis (PHN), a model of human membranous nephritis, is induced in susceptible rat strains by injection of heterologous antisera to rat renal tubular Ag extract. PHN is currently considered the archetypal complement-dependent form of nephritis, with the proteinuria resulting from sublytic glomerular epithelial cell injury induced by the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) of C5b-9. This study examined whether C6 and MAC are essential to the development of proteinuria in PHN by comparing the effect of injection of anti-Fx1A antisera into PVG rats deficient in C6 (PVG/C6(-)) and normal PVG rats (PVG/c). PVG/c and PVG/C6(-) rats developed similar levels of proteinuria at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days following injection of antisera. Isolated whole glomeruli showed similar deposition of rat Ig and C3 staining in PVG/c and PVG/C6(-) rats. C9 deposition was abundant in PVG/c but was not detected in PVG/C6(-) glomeruli, indicating C5b-9/MAC had not formed in PVG/C6(-) rats. There was also no difference in the glomerular cellular infiltrate of T cells and macrophages nor the size of glomerular basement membrane deposits measured on electron micrographs. To examine whether T cells effect injury, rats were depleted of CD8+ T cells which did not affect proteinuria in the early heterologous phase but prevented the increase in proteinuria associated with the later autologous phase. These studies showed proteinuria in PHN occurs without MAC and that other mechanisms, such as immune complex size, early complement components, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, disrupt glomerular integrity and lead to proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Timothy Spicer
- Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales and Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool BC 1871, New South Wales, Australia.
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Thurman JM, Lenderink AM, Royer PA, Coleman KE, Zhou J, Lambris JD, Nemenoff RA, Quigg RJ, Holers VM. C3a is required for the production of CXC chemokines by tubular epithelial cells after renal ishemia/reperfusion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:1819-28. [PMID: 17237432 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is one of the major ways by which the body detects injury to self cells, and the alternative pathway of complement is rapidly activated within the tubulointerstitium after renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In the current study, we investigate the hypothesis that recognition of tubular injury by the complement system is a major mechanism by which the systemic inflammatory response is initiated. Gene array analysis of mouse kidney following I/R initially identified MIP-2 (CXCL2) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC or CXCL1) as factors that are produced in a complement-dependent fashion. Using in situ hybridization, we next demonstrated that these factors are expressed in tubular epithelial cells of postischemic kidneys. Mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) in culture were then exposed to an intact alternative pathway and were found to rapidly produce both chemokines. Selective antagonism of the C3a receptor significantly attenuated production of MIP-2 and KC by PTECs, whereas C5a receptor antagonism and prevention of membrane attack complex (MAC) formation did not have a significant effect. Treatment of PTECs with an NF-kappaB inhibitor also prevented full expression of these factors in response to an intact alternative pathway. In summary, alternative pathway activation after renal I/R induces production of MIP-2 and KC by PTECs. This innate immune system thereby recognizes hypoxic injury and triggers a systemic inflammatory response through the generation of C3a and subsequent activation of the NF-kappaB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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25
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Markiewski MM, Nilsson B, Ekdahl KN, Mollnes TE, Lambris JD. Complement and coagulation: strangers or partners in crime? Trends Immunol 2007; 28:184-92. [PMID: 17336159 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The convergence between complement and the clotting system extends far beyond the chemical nature of the complement and coagulation components, both of which form proteolytic cascades. Complement effectors directly enhance coagulation. These effects are supplemented by the interactions of complement with other inflammatory mediators that can increase the thrombogenicity of blood. In addition, complement inhibits anticoagulant factors. The crosstalk between complement and coagulation is also well illustrated by the ability of certain coagulation enzymes to activate complement components. Understanding the interplay between complement and coagulation has fundamental clinical implications in the context of diseases with an inflammatory pathogenesis, in which complement-coagulation interactions contribute to the development of life-threatening complications. Here, we review the interactions of the complement system with hemostasis and their roles in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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26
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Qian Z, Lee CY, Murata K, Liu J, Fox-Talbot K, Wasowska BA, Baldwin WM. Antibody and Complement Mediated Injury in Transplants Following Sensitization by Allogeneic Blood Transfusion. Transplantation 2006; 82:857-64. [PMID: 17038898 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000232335.06792.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients on the waiting list for transplants are sensitized from previous blood transfusions, pregnancy, or transplants. We investigated the role of complement in acute and chronic pathology in hearts transplanted to sensitized rats. METHODS Blood was transfused from allogeneic PVG.R8 rats or control isogeneic PVG.1U rats to C6-sufficient and -deficient PVG.1U rats. Three weeks later hearts were transplanted from PVG.R8 donors and low-dose cyclosporin A was initiated. RESULTS Allogeneic but not isogeneic blood transfusion elicited strong immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG1 and IgG2b alloantibody responses. Sensitization caused accelerated acute rejection of cardiac allografts by C6-sufficient recipients (4 days). In contrast, allografts functioned over 40 days in all C6-deficient recipients, but sensitization caused increased interstitial fibrosis and chronic vasculopathy. Circulating alloantibodies were associated with deposits of C4d on the vascular endothelium together with pericapillary accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in the grafts. In contrast, T cells accumulated in periarterial lymphatics that did not have C4d deposits. CONCLUSIONS Presensitization by allogeneic blood transfusion causes accelerated acute graft rejection in the presence of the complete complement cascade. In the absence of C6, macrophages colocalized with deposits of C4d and T cells accumulated in the periarterial lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Qian
- Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
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