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Spector C, De Sanctis CM, Panettieri RA, Koziol-White CJ. Rhinovirus induces airway remodeling: what are the physiological consequences? Respir Res 2023; 24:238. [PMID: 37773065 PMCID: PMC10540383 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus infections commonly evoke asthma exacerbations in children and adults. Recurrent asthma exacerbations are associated with injury-repair responses in the airways that collectively contribute to airway remodeling. The physiological consequences of airway remodeling can manifest as irreversible airway obstruction and diminished responsiveness to bronchodilators. Structural cells of the airway, including epithelial cells, smooth muscle, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and adjacent lung vascular endothelial cells represent an understudied and emerging source of cellular and extracellular soluble mediators and matrix components that contribute to airway remodeling in a rhinovirus-evoked inflammatory environment. MAIN BODY While mechanistic pathways associated with rhinovirus-induced airway remodeling are still not fully characterized, infected airway epithelial cells robustly produce type 2 cytokines and chemokines, as well as pro-angiogenic and fibroblast activating factors that act in a paracrine manner on neighboring airway cells to stimulate remodeling responses. Morphological transformation of structural cells in response to rhinovirus promotes remodeling phenotypes including induction of mucus hypersecretion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Rhinovirus exposure elicits airway hyperresponsiveness contributing to irreversible airway obstruction. This obstruction can occur as a consequence of sub-epithelial thickening mediated by smooth muscle migration and myofibroblast activity, or through independent mechanisms mediated by modulation of the β2 agonist receptor activation and its responsiveness to bronchodilators. Differential cellular responses emerge in response to rhinovirus infection that predispose asthmatic individuals to persistent signatures of airway remodeling, including exaggerated type 2 inflammation, enhanced extracellular matrix deposition, and robust production of pro-angiogenic mediators. CONCLUSIONS Few therapies address symptoms of rhinovirus-induced airway remodeling, though understanding the contribution of structural cells to these processes may elucidate future translational targets to alleviate symptoms of rhinovirus-induced exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Spector
- Rutgers Institute for Translation Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Camden M De Sanctis
- Rutgers Institute for Translation Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Almuntashiri S, Alhumaid A, Zhu Y, Han Y, Dutta S, Khilji O, Zhang D, Wang X. TIMP-1 and its potential diagnostic and prognostic value in pulmonary diseases. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2023; 1:67-76. [PMID: 38343891 PMCID: PMC10857872 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs) have caught the attention of many scientists due to their role in various physiological and pathological processes. TIMP-1, 2, 3, and 4 are known members of the TIMPs family. TIMPs exert their biological effects by, but are not limited to, inhibiting the activity of metalloproteases (MMPs). The balance between MMPs and TIMPs is critical for maintaining homeostasis of the extracellular matrix (ECM), while the imbalance between MMPs and TIMPs can lead to pathological changes, such as cancer. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of TIMP-1 in several pulmonary diseases namely, acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Considering the potential of TIMP-1 serving as a non-invasive diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker, we also reviewed the circulating TIMP-1 levels in translational and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Almuntashiri
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alhumaid
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yin Zhu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yohan Han
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Saugata Dutta
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ohmed Khilji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Wieczfinska J, Pawliczak R. Relaxin Affects Airway Remodeling Genes Expression through Various Signal Pathways Connected with Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158413. [PMID: 35955554 PMCID: PMC9368845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is one of the parameters of lung tissue remodeling in asthma. Relaxin has emerged as a natural suppressor of fibrosis, showing efficacy in the prevention of a multiple models of fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the aptitudes of relaxin, in the context of its immunomodulatory properties, in the development of airway remodeling. WI-38 and HFL1 fibroblasts, as well as epithelial cells (NHBE), were incubated with relaxin. Additionally, remodeling conditions were induced with two serotypes of rhinovirus (HRV). The expression of the genes contributing to airway remodeling were determined. Moreover, NF-κB, c-Myc, and STAT3 were knocked down to analyze the pathways involved in airway remodeling. Relaxin decreased the mRNA expression of collagen I and TGF-β and increased the expression of MMP-9 (p < 0.05). Relaxin also decreased HRV-induced expression of collagen I and α-SMA (p < 0.05). Moreover, all the analyzed transcription factors—NF-κB, c-Myc, and STAT3—have shown its influence on the pathways connected with relaxin action. Though relaxin requires further study, our results suggest that this natural compound offers great potential for inhibition of the development, or even reversing, of factors related to airway remodeling. The presented contribution of the investigated transcription factors in this process additionally increases its potential possibilities through a variety of its activity pathways.
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Wieczfinska J, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Rieske P, Pawliczak R. Curcumin modulates airway remodelling-contributing genes-the significance of transcription factors. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:736-749. [PMID: 34939316 PMCID: PMC8817128 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts play an essential role in airway remodelling, due to their protective and secretory functions. There are many studies proving that infection caused by human rhinovirus may contribute to the process of airway remodelling. The beneficial properties of curcumin, the basic ingredient of turmeric, have been proved in many studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was the evaluation of curcumin immunomodulatory properties in development of airway remodelling. Fibroblasts (WI‐38 and HFL1) and epithelial cells (NHBE) were incubated with curcumin. Additionally, remodelling conditions were induced with rhinovirus (HRV). Airway remodelling genes were determined by qPCR and immunoblotting. Moreover, NF‐κB, c‐Myc and STAT3 were silenced to analyse the pathways involved in airway remodelling. Curcumin reduced the expression of the genes analysed, especially MMP‐9, TGF‐β and collagen I. Moreover, curcumin inhibited the HRV‐induced expression of MMP‐9, TGF‐β, collagen I and LTC4S (p < 0.05). NF‐κB, c‐Myc and STAT3 changed their course of expression. Concluding, our study shows that curcumin significantly downregulated gene expression related to the remodelling process, which is dependent on NF‐κB and, partially, on c‐Myc and STAT3. The results suggest that the remodelling process may be limited and possibly prevented, however this issue requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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5
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Chen C, Dai CY, Han F, Wu JY, Sun L, Wu XY. Interactions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin with interleukin-4 in adaptive immunity during Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1473-1483. [PMID: 34667722 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential interactions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) with interleukin-4 (IL-4) in adaptive immunity during fungal keratitis (FK). METHODS An FK mouse model was induced with Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) hyphal infection. Mice were divided into several groups: untreated, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), infected with AF, and pretreated with a scrambled siRNA, a TSLP-specific siRNA (TSLP siRNA), murine recombinant TSLP (rTSLP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), murine recombinant IFN (rIFN-γ), murine recombinant IL-4 (rIL-4), rIL-13, murine recombinant IL-17A (rIL-17A), and murine recombinant IL-17F (rIL-17F) groups. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blot were performed to determine mRNA and protein levels in the inflamed cornea. Cytokine locations were observed by immunofluoresence staining after AF hyphal infection. RESULTS Compared to those in the untreated group, TSLP and T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine levels in the AF group were upregulated at 24h post infection (hpi), and those of T helper type 2 (Th2) and T helper type 17 (Th17) cytokines were increased at 5d post infection (dpi). Th2 cytokine levels were decreased in the TSLP siRNA-pretreated group and increased in the rTSLP-pretreated group compared with the AF group. The TSLP level was increased in the rIL-4-pretreated group, but there were no significant changes among the other groups. Immunofluorescence staining showed cytokine locations after AF hyphal infection. CONCLUSION TSLP induces a Th2 immune response and promots Th2 T cell differentiation in vivo. IL-4 promotes TSLP secretion. Therefore, TSLP with IL-4 regulates adaptive immunity in FK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chen-Yang Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jia-Yin Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Pelaia C, Pelaia G, Longhini F, Crimi C, Calabrese C, Gallelli L, Sciacqua A, Vatrella A. Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Alarmins: A New Perspective for Biological Therapies of Severe Asthma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091108. [PMID: 34572294 PMCID: PMC8465735 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alarmins are innate cytokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin-33 (IL-33), and interleukin-25 (IL-25), which are mainly produced by airway epithelium and exert a prominent role in asthma pathobiology. In particular, several environmental factors such as allergens, cigarette smoking, airborne pollutants, and infectious agents trigger the release of alarmins, which in turn act as upstream activators of pro-inflammatory pathways underlying type 2 (T2-high) asthma. Indeed, alarmins directly activate group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells and also stimulate dendritic cells to drive the commitment of naïve T helper (Th) cells towards the Th2 immunophenotype. Therefore, TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 represent suitable targets for add-on therapies of severe asthma. Within this context, the fully human anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody tezepelumab has been evaluated in very promising randomized clinical trials. Tezepelumab and other anti-alarmins are thus likely to become, in the near future, valuable therapeutic options for the biological treatment of uncontrolled severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa-Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-3647007; Fax: +39-0961-3647193
| | - Giulia Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.P.); (F.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Federico Longhini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.P.); (F.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Calabrese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa-Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.P.); (F.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
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Pelaia C, Pelaia G, Crimi C, Maglio A, Gallelli L, Terracciano R, Vatrella A. Tezepelumab: A Potential New Biological Therapy for Severe Refractory Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094369. [PMID: 33922072 PMCID: PMC8122263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an innate cytokine, belonging to the group of alarmins, which plays a key pathogenic role in asthma by acting as an upstream activator of cellular and molecular pathways leading to type 2 (T2-high) airway inflammation. Released from airway epithelial cells upon tissue damage induced by several noxious agents including allergens, viruses, bacteria, and airborne pollutants, TSLP activates dendritic cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells involved in the pathobiology of T2-high asthma. Tezepelumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to TSLP, thereby preventing its interaction with the TSLP receptor complex. Preliminary results of randomized clinical trials suggest that tezepelumab is characterized by a good safety and efficacy profile in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-3647007; Fax: +39-0961-3647193
| | - Giulia Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Angelantonio Maglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.)
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Gokmirza Ozdemir P, Eker D, Celik V, Beken B, Gurkan H, Yazicioglu M, Sut N. Relationship between arginase genes polymorphisms and preschool wheezing phenotypes. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:561-570. [PMID: 33369279 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between arginase I (ARG1) and arginase II (ARG2) genes and asthma has been reported in previous studies, but associations between polymorphisms in ARG genes and preschool wheezing (PSW) phenotypes are still unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between genetic variation in ARG1 and ARG2 genes and PSW phenotypes. METHODS We enrolled 83 patients and 86 healthy controls. The patient group included two subgroups: episodic wheezing (EW) (n = 42, median age 41 months) and multiple-trigger wheezing (MW) (n = 41, median age 39 months). We genotyped six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ARG1 and six SNPs in ARG2. Eighteen haplotypes for ARG1 and 31 haplotypes for ARG2 were constituted, and the distributions of SNPs and haplotypes in patients and controls were analyzed. RESULTS The frequency of the homozygote cytosine-cytosine (CC) genotype of ARG1 rs2781667T>C SNP and the ARG1 haplotype 4 in the MW group was significantly higher than the EW group (p = .002; odd ratios [OR]: 5.25; confidence interval [CI]: 1.9-14.51 and p < .001; OR: 7.77; CI: 2.54-23.74, respectively). The frequency of the ARG1 haplotype 5 was significantly higher but the frequency of ARG1 haplotype 9 was significantly lower in the all patients than in the healty controls (p = .019; OR: 10.34; CI: 1.28-83.53 and p = .015; OR: 0.093; CI:0.01-0.74, respectively). The frequency of the ARG1 haplotype 2 was significantly higher in the EW group than in the MW group (p = .014; OR: 5.68; CI: 1.48-21.8). CONCLUSION Variations in ARG1 may potentially be related to phenotypes and risk of PSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Gokmirza Ozdemir
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Damla Eker
- Department of Genetics, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Velat Celik
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Burcin Beken
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurkan
- Department of Genetics, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Yazicioglu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Necdet Sut
- Department of Biostatistics, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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9
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Wieczfinska J, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Skała E, Pawliczak R. The Anti-inflammatory Potential of Selected Plant-derived Compounds in Respiratory Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:2876-2884. [PMID: 32250214 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406093257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in chronic airway diseases like asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the worsening of the lung function resulting in worsening symptoms. The inflammatory process is very complexed, therefore the strategies for developing an effective treatment for inflammatory airway diseases would benefit from the use of natural substances. Plant products have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties on various lung disease models and numerous natural plant agents have successfully been used to treat inflammation. Naturally occurring substances may exert some anti-inflammatory effects by modulating some of the inflammatory pathways. These agents have been used in different cultures for thousands of years and have proven to be relatively safe. Parthenolide, apocynin, proanthocyanidins, and boswellic acid present different mechanisms of actions - among others, through NF-kB or NADPH oxidase inhibition, therefore showing a wide range of applications in various inflammatory diseases. Moreover, some of them have also antioxidant properties. This review provides an overview of the anti-inflammatory effects of some of the natural agents and illustrates their great potential as sources of drugs to cover an extensive range of pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Przemyslaw Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, S. Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Skała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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10
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Wieczfinska J, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Pawliczak R. Leonurus sibiricus root extracts decrease airway remodeling markers expression in fibroblasts. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 202:28-46. [PMID: 32562256 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is believed to be provoked by the interaction between airway inflammation and remodeling. Airway remodeling is a complex and poorly understood process, and controlling it appears key for halting the progression of asthma and other obstructive lung diseases. Plants synthesize a number of valuable compounds as constitutive products and as secondary metabolites, many of which have curative properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-remodeling properties of extracts from transformed and transgenic Leonurus sibiricus roots with transformed L. sibiricus roots extract with transcriptional factor AtPAP1 overexpression (AtPAP1). Two fibroblast cell lines, Wistar Institute-38 (WI-38) and human fetal lung fibroblast (HFL1), were incubated with extracts from transformed L. sibiricus roots (TR) and roots with transcriptional factor AtPAP1 over-expression (AtPAP1 TR). Additionally, remodeling conditions were induced in the cultures with rhinovirus 16 (HRV16). The expressions of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), arginase I and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunoblotting methods. AtPAP1 TR decreased arginase I and MMP-9 expression with no effect on TIMP-1 or TGF-β mRNA expression. This extract also inhibited HRV16-induced expression of arginase I, MMP-9 and TGF-β in both cell lines (P < 0·05) Our study shows for the first time to our knowledge, that transformed AtPAP1 TR extract from L. sibiricus root may affect the remodeling process. Its effect can be attributed an increased amount of phenolic acids such as: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid or ferulic acid and demonstrates the value of biotechnology in medicinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - P Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - T Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - R Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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11
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Gauvreau GM, Sehmi R, Ambrose CS, Griffiths JM. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin: its role and potential as a therapeutic target in asthma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:777-792. [PMID: 32567399 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1783242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial cytokine (alarmin), is a central regulator of the immune response to inhaled environmental insults such as allergens, viruses and pollutants, initiating a cascade of downstream inflammation. There is compelling evidence that TSLP plays a major role in the pathology of asthma, and therapies that aim to block its activity are in development. AREAS COVERED We review studies conducted in humans and human cells, largely published in PubMed January 2010-October 2019, that investigated the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms of TSLP in asthma relevant to type 2-driven (eosinophilic/allergic) inflammation and non-type 2-driven (non-eosinophilic/non-allergic) inflammation, and the role of TSLP as a mediator between immune cells and structural cells in the airway. Clinical data from studies evaluating TSLP blockade are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The position of TSLP at the top of the inflammatory cascade makes it a promising therapeutic target in asthma. Systemic anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody therapy with tezepelumab has yielded positive results in clinical trials to date, reducing exacerbations and biomarkers of inflammation in patients across the spectrum of inflammatory endotypes. Inhaled anti-TSLP is an alternative route currently under evaluation. The long-term safety and efficacy of TSLP blockade need to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail M Gauvreau
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roma Sehmi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Janet M Griffiths
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D , Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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12
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Cai LM, Zhou YQ, Yang LF, Qu JX, Dai ZY, Li HT, Pan L, Ye HQ, Chen ZG. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induced early stage of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human bronchial epithelial cells through upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1. Exp Lung Res 2019; 45:221-235. [PMID: 31378088 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2019.1646841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) involved in asthmatic airway remodeling. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial-derived cytokine, was a key component in airway immunological response in asthma. But the role of TSLP in the EMT process was unknown. We aimed to access whether TSLP could induce EMT in airway epithelia and its potential mechanism. Materials and Methods: Human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells were incubated with TSLP or transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) or both. SB431542 was used to block TGF-β1 signal while TSLP siRNA was used to performed TSLP knockdown. Changes in E-cadherin, vimentin, collagen I and fibronectin level were measured by real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Expressions of TGF-β after TSLP administration were measured by real-time PCR, western blot and ELISA. Results: TSLP induced changes of EMT relevant markers alone and promoted TGF-β1-induced EMT in HBEs. Intracellular and extracellular expression of TGF-β1 were upregulated by TSLP. SB431542 blocked changes of EMT relevant markers induced by TSLP. Knockdown of TSLP not only reduced TSLP and TGF-β1 expression but also inhibited changes of EMT relevant markers induced by TGF-β1 in HBEs. Conclusions: TSLP could induce early stage of EMT in airway epithelial cells through upregulation of TGF-β1. This effect may act as a targeting point for suppression of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Ming Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li-Fen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jing-Xin Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hui-Qing Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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