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Bashir U, Singh G, Bhatia A. Rheumatoid arthritis-recent advances in pathogenesis and the anti-inflammatory effect of plant-derived COX inhibitors. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-02982-3. [PMID: 38358467 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The majority of people with autoimmune disorders, including those with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and tendonitis report pain, stiffness, and inflammation as major contributors to their worse quality of life in terms of overall health. Of all the available treatment options, COX inhibitors are the ones that are utilized most frequently to ease the symptoms. Various signaling cascades have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis which includes JAK/STAT, MAPK, and NF-kB signaling pathways, and several allopathic inhibitors (tofacitinib and baricitinib) have been reported to target the components of these cascades and have received approval for RA treatment. However, the prolonged use of these COX inhibitors and other allopathic drugs can pose serious health challenges due to their significant side effects. Therefore, searching for a more effective and side effect-free treatment for rheumatoid arthritis has unveiled phytochemicals as both productive and promising. Their therapeutic ability helps develop potent and safe drugs targeting immune-inflammatory diseases including RA. Various scientific databases were used for searching articles such as NCBI, SpringerLink, BioMed Central, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Scopus, Nature, Wiley Online Library, and ScienceDirect. This review lists various phytochemicals and discusses their potential molecular targets in RA treatment, as demonstrated by various in vitro, in vivo (pre-clinical), and clinical studies. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that various phytochemicals can be an alternative promising intervention for attenuating and managing inflammation-associated pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaid Bashir
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Gurjant Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Astha Bhatia
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Zhuang X, Xu P, Ou Y, Shao X, Li Y, Ma Y, Qin S, Hua F, Zhan Y, Ji L, Qiao T, Chen H, Cheng Y. Decreased cyclooxygenase-2 associated with impaired megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis in primary immune thrombocytopenia. J Transl Med 2023; 21:540. [PMID: 37573325 PMCID: PMC10423426 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostanoids, which is mostly inducible by inflammatory cytokines. The participation of COX-2 in the maturation of megakaryocytes has been reported but barely studied in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). METHODS The expressions of COX-2 and Caspase-1, Caspase-3 and Caspase-3 p17 subunit in platelets from ITP patients and healthy controls (HC), and the expressions of COX-2 and CD41 in bone marrow (BM) of ITP patients were measured and analyzed for correlations. The effects of COX-2 inhibitor on megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis were assessed by in vitro culture of Meg01 cells and murine BM-derived megakaryocytes and in vivo experiments of passive ITP mice. RESULTS The expression of COX-2 was decreased and Caspase-1 and Caspase-3 p17 were increased in platelets from ITP patients compared to HC. In platelets from ITP patients, the COX-2 expression was positively correlated with platelet count and negatively correlated to the expression of Caspase-1. In ITP patients BM, the expression of CD41 was positively correlated with the expression of COX-2. COX-2 inhibitor inhibited the count of megakaryocytes and impaired the maturation and platelet production in Meg01 cells and bone marrow-derived megakaryocytes. COX-2 inhibitor aggravated thrombocytopenia and damaged megakaryopoiesis in ITP murine model. CONCLUSION COX-2 plays a vital role in the physiologic and pathologic conditions of ITP by intervening the survival of platelets and impairing the megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis of megakaryocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibing Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xia Shao
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yanna Ma
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fanli Hua
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Yanxia Zhan
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xuhui Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis & Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China.
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Touil H, Mounts K, De Jager PL. Differential impact of environmental factors on systemic and localized autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147447. [PMID: 37283765 PMCID: PMC10239830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of environmental factors on the development of autoimmune disease is being broadly investigated to better understand the multifactorial nature of autoimmune pathogenesis and to identify potential areas of intervention. Areas of particular interest include the influence of lifestyle, nutrition, and vitamin deficiencies on autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. In this review, we discuss how particular lifestyles and dietary patterns may contribute to or modulate autoimmunity. We explored this concept through a spectrum of several autoimmune diseases including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Alopecia Areata (AA) affecting the central nervous system, whole body, and the hair follicles, respectively. A clear commonality between the autoimmune conditions of interest here is low Vitamin D, a well-researched hormone in the context of autoimmunity with pleiotropic immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. While low levels are often correlated with disease activity and progression in MS and AA, the relationship is less clear in SLE. Despite strong associations with autoimmunity, we lack conclusive evidence which elucidates its role in contributing to pathogenesis or simply as a result of chronic inflammation. In a similar vein, other vitamins impacting the development and course of these diseases are explored in this review, and overall diet and lifestyle. Recent work exploring the effects of dietary interventions on MS showed that a balanced diet was linked to improvement in clinical parameters, comorbid conditions, and overall quality of life for patients. In patients with MS, SLE and AA, certain diets and supplements are linked to lower incidence and improved symptoms. Conversely, obesity during adolescence was linked with higher incidence of MS while in SLE it was associated with organ damage. Autoimmunity is thought to emerge from the complex interplay between environmental factors and genetic background. Although the scope of this review focuses on environmental factors, it is imperative to elaborate the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environment due to the multifactorial origin of these disease. Here, we offer a comprehensive review about the influence of recent environmental and lifestyle factors on these autoimmune diseases and potential translation into therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Touil
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kristin Mounts
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Philip Lawrence De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Feng YB, Chen L, Chen FX, Yang Y, Chen GH, Zhou ZH, Xu CF. Immunopotentiation effects of apigenin on NK cell proliferation and killing pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231161174. [PMID: 36848930 PMCID: PMC9974612 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231161174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a kind of flavonoid with many beneficial biological effects. It not only has direct cytotoxicity to tumor cells, but also can boost the antitumor effect of immune cells by modulating immune system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proliferation of NK cells treated with apigenin and its cytotoxicity to pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, and explore its potential molecular mechanism. In this study, the effect of apigenin on NK cell proliferation and killing pancreatic cancer cells were measured by CCK-8 assay. Perforin, granzyme B (Gran B), CD107a, and NKG2D expressions of NK cells induced with apigenin were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax and protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, p-ERK, and p-JNK in NK cells were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis, respectively. The results showed that appropriate concentration of apigenin could significantly promote the proliferation of NK cells in vitro and enhance the killing activity of NK cells against pancreatic cancer cells. The expressions of surface antigen NKG2D and intracellular antigen perforin and Gran B of NK cells were upregulated after treating with apigenin. Bcl-2 mRNA expression was increased, while Bax mRNA expression was decreased. Similarly, the expression of Bcl-2, p-JNK, and p-ERK protein was upregulated, and the expression of Bax protein was downregulated. The molecular mechanism of the immunopotentiation effects of apigenin may be that it up-regulates Bcl-2 and down-regulates Bax expression at the gene and protein levels to facilitate NK cell proliferation, and up-regulates the expression of perforin, Gran B, and NKG2D through the activation of JNK and ERK pathways to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Gaochun Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, the 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA Army, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu-Xing Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, the 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA Army, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA Army, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Hua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Gaochun Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-Hai Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, the 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA Army, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China,Zhong-Hai Zhou, Department of Central Laboratory, the 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA Army, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 236 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
| | - Chun-Fang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China,Chun-Fang Xu, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
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Khouchlaa A, El Menyiy N, Guaouguaou FE, El Baaboua A, Charfi S, Lakhdar F, El Omari N, Taha D, Shariati MA, Rebezov M, El-Shazly M, Bouyahya A. Ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Daphne gnidium: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114124. [PMID: 33865924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Daphne gnidium L., (Lazaz or Metnan) is a perennial plant that grows around the Mediterranean basin, in Southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. It is used in different countries for hair care and to treat several diseases including skin cancer, diabetes, nervous breakdowns, sinusitis, poisoning, rheumatic disorders, odontalgia, muscular pain, and gastrointestinal infections. It is also used as anti-inflammatory, insecticide, and anti-parasitic remedy. AIM OF THE REVIEW In this review, previous studies on D. gnidium including its botanical description, taxonomy, geographical distribution, medicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties were critically highlighted and discussed for suggesting the exploration of this specie and its bioactive compounds in medical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on D. gnidium were gathered from Scientific search engines including PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online, SciFinder, and Google Scholar. Reports on D. gnidium written in English published before September 2020 were summarized. RESULTS In traditional medicine, D. gnidium is used to treat diabetes, gastrointestinal infections, skin cancer, nervous breakdowns, and sinusitis. The extracts and essential oil of D. gnidium exhibited several biological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antigenotoxic, hemolytic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, allelopathic, and insecticidal effects. Phytochemical investigations identified several chemical classes of secondary metabolites in D. gnidium essential oil and extracts including terpenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, fatty acids, and alkanes. CONCLUSIONS The findings presented in this study showed a link between the traditional medicinal use and scientific biological results about D. gnidium. However, further investigations should be carried out to support medical and cosmetic applications of this species. Indeed, D. gnidium and its main compounds should be confirmed concerning their safety and their bioavailability. Moreover, pharmacodynamic studies should be conducted to support their efficacy in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Khouchlaa
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Fatima-Ezzahrae Guaouguaou
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Baaboua
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek-Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Saoulajan Charfi
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Fatima Lakhdar
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, BP 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco.
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Douae Taha
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie, Modélisation Moléculaire, Matériaux, Nanomatériaux, Eau et Environnement, CERNE2D, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Technology of Food Production, K.G. Razumoysky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University) 109004, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian, Academy of Sciences, 109029, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
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Sivasakthi P, Sanmuga Priya E, Senthamil Selvan P. Molecular insights into phytochemicals exhibiting anti-arthritic activity: systematic review : John Di Battista. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:665-685. [PMID: 34031706 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with an unclear etiology causing severe inflammation, joint pain, and destruction that increases the chance of disability over time. Dysregulation of various immune signaling cascades regulates the formation of synovial hyperplasia and pannus formation. Imbalance in cytokine levels, predominantly proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-12p70 profoundly influences the disease's pathogenesis. Even though various strategies are adopted to treat arthritis, their side effects and cost limit their usage. This review discusses the multiple pathways involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, provides a systematic analysis of various phytochemicals, and discusses their potential molecular targets in RA treatment. METHODS The literature mining was done from scientific databases such as PubMed, Europe PMC, Web of Science, Scopus, etc. The terminologies used for literature mining were Rheumatoid arthritis, phytochemicals, cell signaling pathways, molecular mechanism, etc. RESULTS: NF-κB, MAPKs, and JAK-STAT are the key pathways potentially targeted for RA treatment. However, specific susceptible pathways and potential targets remain unexplored. Besides, the phytochemicals remain an immense source to be exploited for the effective treatment of RA, overcoming the demerits of the conventional strategies. Various in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that polyphenols and flavonoids effectively treat RA conditions overcoming the demerits, such as limitations in usage and toxicity. The phytochemicals should be explored in par with the pathological mechanisms with all the available targets to determine their therapeutic efficacy. Through the established therapeutic efficacy, phytochemicals can help developing therapeutics that are safe and efficacious for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sivasakthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - E Sanmuga Priya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - P Senthamil Selvan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India.
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Xu L, Zaky MY, Yousuf W, Ullah A, Abdelbaset GR, Zhang Y, Ahmed OM, Liu S, Liu H. The Anticancer Potential of Apigenin Via Immunoregulation. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:479-489. [PMID: 32660399 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200713171137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin is an edible flavonoid widely distributed in natural plants, including most vegetables and fruits. Previous studies have revealed that apigenin possesses multiple biological functions by demonstrating antiinflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor and cardiovascular protective effects. Furthermore, recent progressions have disclosed a novel perspective of the anti-cancer roles of apigenin through its immunoregulatory functions. With the rapid progression of the groundbreaking strategies being developed for cancer immunotherapy, its immunoregulatory roles are being recognized as intriguing features of the multifaceted apigenin. However, the current understanding of this emerging role of apigenin still remains limited. Therefore, in the present review, recent advances on the immunoregulatory properties of apigenin in various diseases with a special focus on neoplasm, are summarized. Clinical strategies of cancer immunotherapy are briefly introduced and findings on apigenin linked to immunoregulatory roles in immunotherapy-associated aspects are brought together. The bioactivity, bioavailability, toxicity and potential of apigenin, to be considered as a therapeutic agent in anti-tumor immunotherapy, is discussed. Disclosed molecular mechanisms underlying the immunoregulatory roles of apigenin in cancer immunotherapy are also summarized. Based on findings from the literature, apigenin has the potential to serve as a prospective adjuvant for anti-cancer immunotherapy and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mohamed Y Zaky
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Waleed Yousuf
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Anwar Ullah
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gehad R Abdelbaset
- Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Yingqiu Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Han Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Sudhakaran M, Sardesai S, Doseff AI. Flavonoids: New Frontier for Immuno-Regulation and Breast Cancer Control. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E103. [PMID: 30995775 PMCID: PMC6523469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the US, despite advances in detection and treatment. In addition, breast cancer survivors often struggle with long-term treatment related comorbidities. Identifying novel therapies that are effective while minimizing toxicity is critical in curtailing this disease. Flavonoids, a subclass of plant polyphenols, are emerging as promising treatment options for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Recent evidence suggests that in addition to anti-oxidant properties, flavonoids can directly interact with proteins, making them ideal small molecules for the modulation of enzymes, transcription factors and cell surface receptors. Of particular interest is the ability of flavonoids to modulate the tumor associated macrophage function. However, clinical applications of flavonoids in cancer trials are limited. Epidemiological and smaller clinical studies have been largely hypothesis generating. Future research should aim at addressing known challenges with a broader use of preclinical models and investigating enhanced dose-delivery systems that can overcome limited bioavailability of dietary flavonoids. In this review, we discuss the structure-functional impact of flavonoids and their action on breast tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on their clinical role in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sudhakaran
- Department Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Physiology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Andrea I Doseff
- Department Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Hwang KA, Hwang YJ, Song J. Anti-allergic effect of Aster yomena on ovalbumin-sensitized mouse and RHL-2H3 cells via Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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10
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Hoensch HP, Weigmann B. Regulation of the intestinal immune system by flavonoids and its utility in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:877-881. [PMID: 29491681 PMCID: PMC5829151 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i8.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are phytochemicals which can regulate the activity of the intestinal immune system. In patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) there is an overexpression and imbalance of the components of the inflammatory immune reactions which are chronically activated. Suppression of inflammation can be achieved by anti-inflammatory drugs which are used in clinical medicine but these can cause serious side effects. Flavonoids can have natural immunosuppressive properties and inhibit the activation of immune cells and its effectors (chemokines, TNF-, cytokines). Phytochemicals such as flavonoids bind to the nuclear Ah (aryl hydrocarbon) -receptor thereby stimulating protective enzyme activities. As shown by clinical evidence in patients and by experimental work some flavonoids (apigenin, epigallocatechin gallate) were effective in the inhibition of inflammation. Instead of or additionally to anti-inflammatory drugs flavonoids can be used in IBD patients to treat the over-reactive immunologic system. This is accomplished by upregulation of the Ah-receptor. Flavonoids interact with toll-like receptors expressing on the surface of immune cells, then they were internalized to the cytosol and transferred into the nucleus, where they were attached to the Ah-receptor. The Ah-receptor binds to the Ah-R nuclear translocator and via Ah response element beneficial protective enzymes and cytokines are induced, leading to upregulation of the anti-inflammatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Department of Medicine 1, University Medical Center, Erlangen 91052, Germany
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Sampath R, Cummins NW, Natesampillai S, Bren GD, Chung TD, Baker J, Henry K, Pagliuzza A, Badley AD. Increasing procaspase 8 expression using repurposed drugs to induce HIV infected cell death in ex vivo patient cells. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628632 PMCID: PMC5476266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV persists because a reservoir of latently infected CD4 T cells do not express viral proteins and are indistinguishable from uninfected cells. One approach to HIV cure suggests that reactivating HIV will activate cytotoxic pathways; yet when tested in vivo, reactivating cells do not die sufficiently to reduce cell-associated HIV DNA levels. We recently showed that following reactivation from latency, HIV infected cells generate the HIV specific cytotoxic protein Casp8p41 which is produced by HIV protease cleaving procaspase 8. However, cell death is prevented, possibly due to low procaspase 8 expression. Here, we tested whether increasing procaspase 8 levels in CD4 T cells will produce more Casp8p41 following HIV reactivation, causing more reactivated cells to die. Screening 1277 FDA approved drugs identified 168 that increased procaspase 8 expression by at least 1.7-fold. Of these 30 were tested for anti-HIV effects in an acute HIVIIIb infection model, and 9 drugs at physiologic relevant levels significantly reduced cell-associated HIV DNA. Primary CD4 T cells from ART suppressed HIV patients were treated with one of these 9 drugs and reactivated with αCD3/αCD28. Four drugs significantly increased Casp8p41 levels following HIV reactivation, and decreased total cell associated HIV DNA levels (flurbiprofen: p = 0.014; doxycycline: p = 0.044; indomethacin: p = 0.025; bezafibrate: P = 0.018) without effecting the viability of uninfected cells. Thus procaspase 8 levels can be increased pharmacologically and, in the context of HIV reactivation, increase Casp8p41 causing death of reactivating cells and decreased HIV DNA levels. Future studies will be required to define the clinical utility of this or similar approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sampath
- Division of Infectious Disease, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Nathan W. Cummins
- Division of Infectious Disease, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Sekar Natesampillai
- Division of Infectious Disease, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Gary D. Bren
- Division of Infectious Disease, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Thomas D. Chung
- Office of Translation to Practice, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Jason Baker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Keith Henry
- HIV Program, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minnneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Andrew D. Badley
- Division of Infectious Disease, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Office of Translation to Practice, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ali F, Rahul, Naz F, Jyoti S, Siddique YH. Health functionality of apigenin: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1207188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Khoogar R, Kim BC, Morris J, Wargovich MJ. Chemoprevention in gastrointestinal physiology and disease. Targeting the progression of cancer with natural products: a focus on gastrointestinal cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G629-44. [PMID: 26893159 PMCID: PMC4867331 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00201.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed remarkable progress in the utilization of natural products for the prevention and treatment of human cancer. Many agents now in the pipeline for clinical trial testing have evolved from our understanding of how human nutritional patterns account for widespread differences in cancer risk. In this review, we have focused on many of these promising agents arguing that they may provide a new strategy for cancer control: natural products once thought to be only preventive in their mode of action now are being explored for efficacy in tandem with cancer therapeutics. Natural products may reduce off-target toxicity of therapeutics while making cancers more amenable to therapy. On the horizon is the use of certain natural products, in their own right, as mitigants of late-stage cancer, a new frontier for small-molecule natural product drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Khoogar
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Byung-Chang Kim
- 2Center for Colorectal Center, Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Ilsan-ro, Illsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jay Morris
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Michael J. Wargovich
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and
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Differential Effects of Calcineurin and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors on Alloreactive Th1, Th17, and Regulatory T Cells. Transplantation 2015; 99:1774-84. [PMID: 25905982 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we had reported the role of tacrolimus (TAC) versus sirolimus (SRL) on the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in primary MLR assays with SRL, demonstrating a uniquely supportive effect. However, the mechanisms associated with their actions on alloreactive human T cells are not fully understood. Therefore, we tested whether TAC and SRL differentially affect already alloactivated human CD4 T-cell subsets. METHODS Alloreactive CD4CD45RA/CD45RO T cells generated in 9-day MLR were cocultured with anti-CD3 and autologous antigen presenting cells plus interleukin (IL)-2 in presence of TAC, SRL, or both, and the Tregs generated after another 5 to 6 days were phenotypically, molecularly, and functionally characterized. RESULTS Tacrolimus significantly and SRL modestly inhibited interferon (IFN)-γ (Th1) and IL-17 (Th17)-producing cells. At clinical therapeutic concentrations, SRL, however, significantly increased forkhead/winged helix transcription factor P3 (FOXP3) Tregs, whereas TAC inhibited this T-cell population dose dependently and significantly. When used in combination, TAC and SRL had additive effects on inhibition of IFN-γ- and IL-17-producing cells. This was in contrast to the ability of SRL to reverse TAC-mediated inhibition of FOXP3-expressing cells. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) added to cultures caused significant decrease in FOXP3 Tregs that was again reversed by SRL. Sirolimus-derived Tregs were phenotypically normal, anergic to allostimulation, and suppressed proliferation of allogeneic effector T-cells. CONCLUSIONS Thus, although TAC inhibits all alloreactive T cells, SRL promotes the differentiation and expansion of donor-specific Tregs without secondary reprogramming to IFN-γFOXP3 and IL-17FOXP3 Treg subsets. These results, although performed in an artificial in vitro model, add clinically applicable information on how these agents affect T-cell subpopulations.
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Seo KH, Park MJ, Ra JE, Han SI, Nam MH, Kim JH, Lee JH, Seo WD. Saponarin from barley sprouts inhibits NF-κB and MAPK on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Food Funct 2015; 5:3005-13. [PMID: 25238253 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00612g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Saponarin (SA), a natural flavonoid, is known for its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. SA is the predominant compound (1142.7 ± 0.9 mg per 100 g) in barley sprouts, constituting 72% of the total polyphenol content. We investigated, for the first time, the effects of SA from barley sprouts on cellular anti-inflammatory responses. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, SA suppressed the activation of NF-κB, as evidenced by the inhibition of NF-κB DNA binding, nuclear translocation, IκBα phosphorylation, and reporter gene expression, and it downregulated the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator IL-6. Furthermore, SA reduced the transcription of NF-κB target molecules COX2 and FLIP inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK and p38. These results suggest that SA isolated from barley sprouts exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages via inhibition of NF-κB, ERK and p38 signaling. Thus, SA may be a promising natural anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hye Seo
- Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Miryang 627-803, Republic of Korea.
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Non-Nutrient, Naturally Occurring Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Activity for the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:447-81. [PMID: 26783837 PMCID: PMC4665427 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main factors able to explain the pathophysiological mechanism of inflammatory conditions that occur in periodontal disease is oxidative stress. Given the emerging understanding of this relationship, host-modulatory therapies using antioxidants could be interesting to prevent or slow the breakdown of soft and hard periodontal tissues. In this context, non-nutrient phenolic compounds of various foods and plants have received considerable attention in the last decade. Here, studies focusing on the relationship between different compounds of this type with periodontal disease have been collected. Among them, thymoquinone, coenzyme Q (CoQ), mangiferin, resveratrol, verbascoside and some flavonoids have shown to prevent or ameliorate periodontal tissues damage in animal models. However evidence regarding this effect in humans is poor and only limited to topical treatments with CoQ and catechins. Along with animal experiments, in vitro studies indicate that possible mechanisms by which these compounds might exert their protective effects include antioxidative properties, oxygen and nitrogen scavenging abilities, and also inhibitory effects on cell signaling cascades related to inflammatory processes which have an effect on RNS or ROS production as well as on antioxidant defense systems.
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Singh BN, Singh HB, Singh A, Naqvi AH, Singh BR. Dietary phytochemicals alter epigenetic events and signaling pathways for inhibition of metastasis cascade: phytoblockers of metastasis cascade. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:41-85. [PMID: 24390421 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a multistep process in which a cancer cell spreads from the site of the primary lesion, passes through the circulatory system, and establishes a secondary tumor at a new nonadjacent organ or part. Inhibition of cancer progression by dietary phytochemicals (DPs) offers significant promise for reducing the incidence and mortality of cancer. Consumption of DPs in the diet has been linked to a decrease in the rate of metastatic cancer in a number of preclinical animal models and human epidemiological studies. DPs have been reported to modulate the numerous biological events including epigenetic events (noncoding micro-RNAs, histone modification, and DNA methylation) and multiple signaling transduction pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Sonic hedgehog, COX-2, EGFR, MAPK-ERK, JAK-STAT, Akt/PI3K/mTOR, NF-κB, AP-1, etc.), which can play a key role in regulation of metastasis cascade. Extensive studies have also been performed to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying antimetastatic activity of DPs, with results indicating that these DPs have significant inhibitory activity at nearly every step of the metastatic cascade. DPs have anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and by inhibiting cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Growing evidence has also shown that these natural agents potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy through the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the variety of molecular mechanisms by which DPs regulate metastatic cascade and highlight the potentials of these DPs as promising therapeutic inhibitors of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Singh
- Research and Development Division, Sowbhagya Biotech Private Limited, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, 500051, Andhra Pradesh, India
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18
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Peluso I, Miglio C, Morabito G, Ioannone F, Serafini M. Flavonoids and Immune Function in Human: A Systematic Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:383-95. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.656770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Pal S, Bhattacharjee A, Ali A, Mandal NC, Mandal SC, Pal M. Chronic inflammation and cancer: potential chemoprevention through nuclear factor kappa B and p53 mutual antagonism. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2014; 11:23. [PMID: 25152696 PMCID: PMC4142057 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-11-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κB) as a mechanism of host defense against infection and stress is the central mediator of inflammatory responses. A normal (acute) inflammatory response is activated on urgent basis and is auto-regulated. Chronic inflammation that results due to failure in the regulatory mechanism, however, is largely considered as a critical determinant in the initiation and progression of various forms of cancer. Mechanistically, NF- κB favors this process by inducing various genes responsible for cell survival, proliferation, migration, invasion while at the same time antagonizing growth regulators including tumor suppressor p53. It has been shown by various independent investigations that a down regulation of NF- κB activity directly, or indirectly through the activation of the p53 pathway reduces tumor growth substantially. Therefore, there is a huge effort driven by many laboratories to understand the NF- κB signaling pathways to intervene the function of this crucial player in inflammation and tumorigenesis in order to find an effective inhibitor directly, or through the p53 tumor suppressor. We discuss here on the role of NF- κB in chronic inflammation and cancer, highlighting mutual antagonism between NF- κB and p53 pathways in the process. We also discuss prospective pharmacological modulators of these two pathways, including those that were already tested to affect this mutual antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabani Pal
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur-713209, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | | | - Subhash C Mandal
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
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20
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González-Mauraza H, Martín-Cordero C, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C, Rosillo MA, León-González AJ, Sánchez-Hidalgo M. Anti-inflammatory effects of Retama monosperma in acute ulcerative colitis in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 70:163-72. [PMID: 24057513 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a chronic intestinal disorder resultant from a dysfunctional epithelial, innate and adaptive immune response to intestinal microorganisms. Current IBD treatment presents limitations in both efficacy and safety that stimulated for new active drugs. Retama spp. have been traditionally used in the Mediterranean region in treatment of pain and inflammation. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and protective properties of a standardised aqueous extract from Retama monosperma (RmE) was evaluated in vivo, by intra-colonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats as a Crohn's disease model. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids from RmE was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Oral administration of RmE diminished the severity and extension of the intestinal injuries induced by TNBS. In addition, RmE increased mucus production in goblet cells in colon mucosa, decreased neutrophil infiltration and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) overexpression. Similarly, RmE significantly reduced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, preventing the inhibitory protein IκB degradation in colonic mucosa. RmE anti-inflammatory effects seem to be related to impairment of neutrophil function and COX-2 and iNOS down-regulation possibly through p38 MAPK and nuclear transcription factor kappa B signalling pathways. These results suggest that RmE might contribute to the development of new pharmaceutical products for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Lampropoulos P, Lambropoulou M, Papalois A, Basios N, Manousi M, Simopoulos C, Tsaroucha AK. The role of apigenin in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis. J Surg Res 2013; 183:129-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Kim EY, Yu JS, Yang M, Kim AK. Sub-toxic dose of apigenin sensitizes HepG2 cells to TRAIL through ERK-dependent up-regulation of TRAIL receptor DR5. Mol Cells 2013; 35:32-40. [PMID: 23224239 PMCID: PMC3887848 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-2175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is regarded as a promising candidate for anticancer therapy due to its selective toxicity to cancer cells. Nevertheless, because of TRAIL resistance in some cancer cells, combined treatment with sensitizing agents is required to enhance the anticancer potential of TRAIL. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of apigenin-induced sensitization of HepG2 cells to TRAIL-induced cell death. Synergistic induction of apoptosis by combination was confirmed by examining the typical morphology changes of apoptosis, PARP-cleavage, and activation of effector caspases. Z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, inhibited the enhanced cell death by combined treatment of apigenin and TRAIL, demonstrating that a caspase-dependent pathway is involved in apigenin/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. In addition, we found that apigenin/ TRAIL co-treatment up-regulates DR5 cell surface expression. The synergistic induction of cell death by the apigenin/ TRAIL combination was significantly attenuated by DR5 blocking chimera antibody. Next, using pharmacological inhibitors, we found that ERK activation is involved in the induction of DR5 expression. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by U0126 significantly decreased the apigenin/TRAIL-induced DR5 expression and apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that apigenin can enhance the apoptotic effect of TRAIL via ERK-induced up-regulation of DR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Ji Sun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Mihi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - An Keun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
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Pandey M, Kaur P, Shukla S, Abbas A, Fu P, Gupta S. Plant flavone apigenin inhibits HDAC and remodels chromatin to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo study. Mol Carcinog 2012; 51:952-62. [PMID: 22006862 PMCID: PMC4019962 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin (4',5,7,-trihydroxyflavone), an anticancer agent, selectively toxic to cancer cells induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. Our studies indicate that apigenin-mediated growth inhibitory responses are due to inhibition of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) in prostate cancer cells. Treatment of PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells with apigenin (20-40 µM) resulted in the inhibition of HDAC enzyme activity, specifically HDAC1 and HDAC3 at the protein and message level. Apigenin-mediated HDAC inhibition resulted in global histone H3 and H4 acetylation, as well as localized hyperacetylation of histone H3 on the p21/waf1 promoter. A corresponding increase was observed in p21/waf1 and bax protein and mRNA expression after apigenin exposure, consistent with the use of HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A. The downstream events demonstrated cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in both cancer cells. Studies of PC-3 xenografts in athymic nude mice further demonstrated that oral intake of apigenin at doses of 20 and 50 µg/mouse/d over an 8-wk period resulted in a marked reduction in tumor growth, HDAC activity, and HDAC1 and HDAC3 protein expression at both doses of apigenin. An increase in p21/waf1 expression was observed in apigenin-fed mice, compared to the control group. Furthermore, apigenin intake caused a significant decrease in bcl2 expression with concomitant increase in bax, shifting the bax/bcl2 ratio in favor of apoptosis. Our findings confirm for the first time that apigenin inhibits class I HDACs, particularly HDAC1 and HDAC3 and its exposure results in reversal of aberrant epigenetic events that promote malignancy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Pandey
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ata Abbas
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
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Pratheeshkumar P, Sreekala C, Zhang Z, Budhraja A, Ding S, Son YO, Wang X, Hitron A, Hyun-Jung K, Wang L, Lee JC, Shi X. Cancer prevention with promising natural products: mechanisms of action and molecular targets. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2012; 12:1159-84. [PMID: 22583402 PMCID: PMC4983770 DOI: 10.2174/187152012803833035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. There is greater need for more effective and less toxic therapeutic and preventive strategies. Natural products are becoming an important research area for novel and bioactive molecules for drug discovery. Phytochemicals and dietary compounds have been used for the treatment of cancer throughout history due to their safety, low toxicity, and general availability. Many active phytochemicals are in human clinical trials. Studies have indicated that daily consumption of dietary phytochemicals have cancer protective effects against carcinogens. They can inhibit, delay, or reverse carcinogenesis by inducing detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes systems, regulating inflammatory and proliferative signaling pathways, and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Epidemiological studies have also revealed that high dietary intakes of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of cancer. This review discusses potential natural cancer preventive compounds, their molecular targets, and their mechanisms of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Amit Budhraja
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Songze Ding
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Andrew Hitron
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kim Hyun-Jung
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Singh P, Mishra SK, Noel S, Sharma S, Rath SK. Acute exposure of apigenin induces hepatotoxicity in Swiss mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31964. [PMID: 22359648 PMCID: PMC3281105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin, a dietary flavonoid, is reported to have several therapeutic effects in different diseases including cancer. Toxicity of Apigenin is however, least explored, and reports are scanty in literature. This warrants dose-specific evaluation of toxicity in vivo. In the present study, Apigenin was administered intraperitoneally to Swiss mice at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Serum levels of alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured along with the examination of liver histology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood, lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione level, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, glutathione S-transferase activity and gene expression in liver tissue. Increase in ALT, AST, ALP, ROS, ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) and LPO, altered enzyme activities along with damaged histoarchitecture in the liver of 100 or 200 mg/kg Apigenin treated animals were found. Microarray analysis revealed the differential expression of genes that correspond to different biologically relevant pathways including oxidative stress and apoptosis. In conclusion, these results suggested the oxidative stress induced liver damage which may be due to the regulation of multiple genes by Apigenin at higher doses in Swiss mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Srikanta Kumar Rath
- Division of Toxicology, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Lucknow, India
- * E-mail:
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Beneficial Health Effects of Bioactive Compounds Present in Spices and Aromatic Herbs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59514-0.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Budhraja A, Gao N, Zhang Z, Son YO, Cheng S, Wang X, Ding S, Hitron A, Chen G, Luo J, Shi X. Apigenin induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells and exhibits anti-leukemic activity in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 11:132-42. [PMID: 22084167 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the functional role of Akt and c-jun-NH(2)-kinase (JNK) signaling cascades in apigenin-induced apoptosis in U937 human leukemia cells and anti-leukemic activity of apigenin in vivo. Apigenin induced apoptosis by inactivation of Akt with a concomitant activation of JNK, Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 downregulation, cytochrome c release from mitochondria, and activation of caspases. Constitutively active myristolated Akt prevented apigenin-induced JNK, caspase activation, and apoptosis. Conversely, LY294002 and a dominant-negative construct of Akt potentiated apigenin-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. Interruption of the JNK pathway showed marked reduction in apigenin-induced caspase activation and apoptosis in leukemia cells. Furthermore, in vivo administration of apigenin resulted in attenuation of tumor growth in U937 xenografts accompanied by inactivation of Akt and activation of JNK. Attenuation of tumor growth in U937 xenografts by apigenin raises the possibility that apigenin may have clinical implications and can be further tested for incorporating in leukemia treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Budhraja
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Michishita Y, Hirokawa M, Guo YM, Abe Y, Liu J, Ubukawa K, Fujishima N, Fujishima M, Yoshioka T, Kameoka Y, Saito H, Tagawa H, Takahashi N, Sawada K. Age-associated alteration of γδ T-cell repertoire and different profiles of activation-induced death of Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells. Int J Hematol 2011; 94:230-240. [PMID: 21858446 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that γδ T cells are involved in certain autoimmune disorders. To establish reference data for clinical studies to explore the role of γδ T cells in autoimmune bone marrow failure syndrome, we examined the γδ T-cell repertoire in 120 healthy Japanese individuals by flow cytometry. The average numbers of T lymphocytes in blood were as follows: 1,084 ± 369 (SD) αβ T cells, 68 ± 44 γδ T cells, 16 ± 12 Vδ1 T cells, and 43 ± 36 Vδ2 T cells (/μl). Absolute numbers of γδ T cells decreased with aging (R = -0.378, P < 0.001). The decrease of γδ T cells was the result of reduction of Vδ2, but not of Vδ1, T cells. Numbers of Vδ2 T cells were significantly higher in male than in female donors (P = 0.007). The Vδ2 T cells but not Vδ1 T cells showed a rapid reduction in cell numbers on mitogen stimulation, which was accompanied by modest down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression. These results indicate that age and gender have a major impact on γδ T-cell repertoire in Japanese donors, as well as European and American donors. The age-related decrease of Vδ2 T cells may be explained by their susceptibility to activation-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Michishita
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirokawa
- Clinical Oncology Center, Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Yong-Mei Guo
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yukiko Abe
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kumi Ubukawa
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Naohito Fujishima
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masumi Fujishima
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshioka
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kameoka
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Saito
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tagawa
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sawada
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Funakoshi-Tago M, Nakamura K, Tago K, Mashino T, Kasahara T. Anti-inflammatory activity of structurally related flavonoids, Apigenin, Luteolin and Fisetin. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1150-9. [PMID: 21443976 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed in many fruits and plants, and it has been shown that most flavonoids have anti-inflammatory activity; however, the mechanisms of how the flavonoids exhibit their anti-inflammatory activity have not been clarified. We therefore focus on flavonoids Apigenin, Luteolin and Fisetin because of their related structure. We found that these compounds significantly inhibited TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activation; however, they had no effect on the degradation of IκB proteins and the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of NF-κB p65. Interestingly, the suppression of NF-κB activation by these flavonoids is due to inhibition of the transcriptional activation of NF-κB, since the compounds markedly inhibited the transcriptional activity of GAL4-NF-κB p65 fusion protein. In addition, while Apigenin and Luteolin slightly inhibited TNFα-induced JNK activation, they had no effect on TNFα-induced activation of ERK and p38. Unexpectedly, Fisetin enhanced and sustained activation of ERK and JNK but not p38 in response to TNFα. Strikingly, TNFα-induced expression of CCL2/MCP-1 and CXCL1/KC was significantly inhibited by Apigenin and Luteolin but not Fisetin. Furthermore, the administration of Apigenin and Luteolin markedly inhibited acute carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice; however, Fisetin failed to have an effect. These observations strongly suggest that the slight structural difference in flavonoids may cause a defective effect of Fisetin on these inflammatory responses, and this may be due to the differences in their direction of the effect on the activation pathways of MAP kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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Ghorbani A, Nazari M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Zand H. The citrus flavonoid hesperidin induces p53 and inhibits NF-κB activation in order to trigger apoptosis in NALM-6 cells: involvement of PPARγ-dependent mechanism. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:39-46. [PMID: 21445621 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hesperidin, a flavanone present in citrus fruits, has been identified as a potent anticancer agent because of its proapoptotic and antiproliferative characteristics in some tumor cells. However, the precise mechanisms of action are not entirely understood. AIM The main purpose of this study is to investigate the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) in hesperidin's anticancer actions in human pre-B NALM-6 cells, which expresses wild-type p53. METHODS The effects of hesperidin on cell-cycle distribution, proliferation, and caspase-mediated apoptosis were examined in NALM-6 cells in the presence or absence of GW9662. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), p53, phospho-IκB, Bcl-2, Bax, and XIAP proteins were focused on using the immunoblotting assay. The transcriptional activities of PPARγ and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) were analyzed by the transcription factor assay kits. The expression of PPARγ and p53 was analyzed using the RT-PCR method. RESULTS Hesperidin induced the expression and transcriptional activity of PPARγ and promoted p53 accumulation and downregulated constitutive NF-κB activity in a PPARγ-dependent and PPARγ-independent manner. The growth-inhibitory effect of hesperidin was partially reduced when the cells preincubated with PPARγ antagonist prior to the exposure to hesperidin. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study clearly demonstrate that hesperidin-mediated proapoptotic and antiproliferative actions are regulated via both PPARγ-dependent and PPARγ-independent pathways in NALM-6 cells. These data provide the first evidence that hesperidin could be developed as an agent against hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ghorbani
- National Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
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Yao H, Xu W, Shi X, Zhang Z. Dietary flavonoids as cancer prevention agents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2011; 29:1-31. [PMID: 21424974 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2011.551317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dietary agents identified from fruits and vegetables contribute to keeping balanced cell proliferation and preventing cell carcinogenesis. Dietary flavonoids, combined with other components such as various vitamins, play an important role in cancer prevention. Flavonoids act on reactive oxygen species, cell signal transduction pathways related to cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Many studies demonstrate that flavonoids are responsible for chemoprevention, although mechanisms of action remain to be investigated. Overall, exciting data show that dietary flavonoids could be considered as a useful cancer preventive approach. This review summarizes recent advancements on potential cancer preventive effects and mechanic insight of dietary flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yao
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract
Flavonoids are a large class of naturally occurring compounds widely present in fruits, vegetables and beverages derived from plants. These molecules have been reported to possess a wide range of activities in the prevention of common diseases, including CHD, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and others. The effects appear to be related to the various biological/pharmacological activities of flavonoids. A large number of publications suggest immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of these compounds. However, almost all studies are in vitro studies with limited research on animal models and scarce data from human studies. The majority of in vitro research has been carried out with single flavonoids, generally aglycones, at rather supraphysiological concentrations. Few studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of physiologically attainable flavonoid concentrations in healthy subjects, and more epidemiological studies and prospective randomised trials are still required. This review summarises evidence for the effects of fruit and tea flavonoids and their metabolites in inflammation and immunity. Mechanisms of effect are discussed, including those on enzyme function and regulation of gene and protein expression. Animal work is included, and evidence from epidemiological studies and human intervention trials is reviewed. Biological relevance and functional benefits of the reported effects, such as resistance to infection or exercise performance, are also discussed.
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Yi Lau GT, Leung LK. The dietary flavonoid apigenin blocks phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced COX-2 transcriptional activity in breast cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3022-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jeong GS, Lee SH, Jeong SN, Kim YC, Kim EC. Anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin on nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells via heme oxygenase-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1374-80. [PMID: 19729077 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although apigenin exhibits various biological effects, its anti-inflammatory role in the periodontal field remains unknown. We examined the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin and the underlying mechanism in nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blotting was used to examine the effect of apigenin (10-40 microM) on the LPS- and nicotine-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in hPDL cells. Pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, and IL-12 were monitored using Griess reagents and ELISA. RESULTS Incubation of hPDL cells with apigenin decreased LPS- and nicotine-induced HO-1 protein expression and activity. Apigenin significantly inhibited the nicotine- and LPS-induced production of NO, PGE2, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12, and the upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 in hPDL cells. Hemin, a selective HO-1 inducer, reversed the apigenin-mediated suppression of nicotine- and LPS-induced NO, PGE2 and cytokine production. Treatment with inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase, MAPKs, p38, and JNK, as well as a protein kinase C inhibitor, blocked the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin in nicotine- and LPS-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Apigenin possesses anti-inflammatory activity in hPDL cells and works through a novel mechanism involving the action of HO-1. Thus, apigenin may have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease associated with smoking and dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Saeng Jeong
- Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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Kang HK, Ecklund D, Liu M, Datta SK. Apigenin, a non-mutagenic dietary flavonoid, suppresses lupus by inhibiting autoantigen presentation for expansion of autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R59. [PMID: 19405952 PMCID: PMC2688212 DOI: 10.1186/ar2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lupus patients need alternatives to steroids and cytotoxic drugs. We recently found that apigenin, a non-mutagenic dietary flavonoid, can sensitize recurrently activated, normal human T cells to apoptosis by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB)-regulated Bcl-xL, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) expression. Because sustained immune activation and hyperexpression of COX-2 and c-FLIP contribute to lupus, we treated SNF1 mice that spontaneously develop human lupus-like disease with apigenin. Methods SNF1 mice with established lupus-like disease were injected with 20 mg/kg of apigenin daily and then monitored for development of severe nephritis. Histopathologic changes in kidneys, IgG autoantibodies to nuclear autoantigens in serum and in cultures of splenocytes, along with nucleosome-specific T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 responses, COX-2 expression, and apoptosis of lupus immune cells were analyzed after apigenin treatment. Results Apigenin in culture suppressed responses of Th1 and Th17 cells to major lupus autoantigen (nucleosomes) up to 98% and 92%, respectively, and inhibited the ability of lupus B cells to produce IgG class-switched anti-nuclear autoantibodies helped by these Th cells in presence of nucleosomes by up to 82%. Apigenin therapy of SNF1 mice with established lupus suppressed serum levels of pathogenic autoantibodies to nuclear antigens up to 97% and markedly delayed development of severe glomerulonephritis. Apigenin downregulated COX-2 expression in lupus T cells, B cells, and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and caused their apoptosis. Autoantigen presentation and Th17-inducing cytokine production by dendritic cells were more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of apigenin in culture, as evident at 0.3 to 3 μM, compared with concentrations (10 to 100 μM) required for inducing apoptosis. Conclusions Apigenin inhibits autoantigen-presenting and stimulatory functions of APCs necessary for the activation and expansion of autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells and B cells in lupus. Apigenin also causes apoptosis of hyperactive lupus APCs and T and B cells, probably by inhibiting expression of NF-κB-regulated anti-apoptotic molecules, especially COX-2 and c-FLIP, which are persistently hyperexpressed by lupus immune cells. Increasing the bioavailability of dietary plant-derived COX-2 and NF-κB inhibitors, such as apigenin, could be valuable for suppressing inflammation in lupus and other Th17-mediated diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, and psoriasis and in prevention of inflammation-based tumors overexpressing COX-2 (colon, breast).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kap Kang
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology-Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Choi EJ, Kim GH. Apigenin Induces Apoptosis through a Mitochondria/Caspase-Pathway in Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-453 Cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2009; 44:260-5. [PMID: 19430615 PMCID: PMC2675027 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.08-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the mechanistic role of the caspase cascade in extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis induced by apigenin, which has been targeted as a candidate in the development of noncytotoxic anticancer medicines. Treatment with apigenin (1–100 µM) significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-453 human breast cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner with IC50 values of 59.44 and 35.15 µM at 24 and 72 h, respectively. This inhibition resulted in the induction of apoptosis and the release of cytochrome c in cells exposed to apigenin at its 72 h IC50. Subsequently, caspase-9, which acts in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, was cleaved by apigenin. In addition, apigenin activated caspase-3, which functions downstream of caspase-9. The apigenin-induced activation of caspase-3 was accompanied by the cleavage of capases-6, -7, and -8. These results are supported by evidence showing that the activity patterns of caspases-3, -8, and -9 were similar. The present study supports the hypothesis that apigenin-induced apoptosis involves the activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Choi
- Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University, 419 Ssangmun-dong, Tobong-ku, Seoul 132-714, South Korea
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