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Reggiani F, Talarico G, Gobbi G, Sauta E, Torricelli F, Manicardi V, Zanetti E, Orecchioni S, Falvo P, Piana S, Lococo F, Paci M, Bertolini F, Ciarrocchi A, Sancisi V. BET inhibitors drive Natural Killer activation in non-small cell lung cancer via BRD4 and SMAD3. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2567. [PMID: 38519469 PMCID: PMC10960013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer and one of the pioneer tumors in which immunotherapy has radically changed patients' outcomes. However, several issues are emerging and their implementation is required to optimize immunotherapy-based protocols. In this work, we investigate the ability of the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal protein inhibitors (BETi) to stimulate a proficient anti-tumor immune response toward NSCLC. By using in vitro, ex-vivo, and in vivo models, we demonstrate that these epigenetic drugs specifically enhance Natural Killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. BETi down-regulate a large set of NK inhibitory receptors, including several immune checkpoints (ICs), that are direct targets of the transcriptional cooperation between the BET protein BRD4 and the transcription factor SMAD3. Overall, BETi orchestrate an epigenetic reprogramming that leads to increased recognition of tumor cells and the killing ability of NK cells. Our results unveil the opportunity to exploit and repurpose these drugs in combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Reggiani
- Translational Research Laboratory, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Talarico
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Onco-Tech Lab, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS and Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Gobbi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sauta
- Translational Research Laboratory, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Translational Research Laboratory, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Veronica Manicardi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Biobank, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Onco-Tech Lab, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS and Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Falvo
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Onco-Tech Lab, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS and Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Piana
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Biobank, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Filippo Lococo
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Paci
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Onco-Tech Lab, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS and Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valentina Sancisi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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Tang H, Xiao Y, Qian L, Wang Z, Lu M, Yao N, Zhou T, Tian F, Cao L, Zheng P, Dong X. Mechanistic insights into the C-type lectin receptor CLEC12A-mediated immune recognition of monosodium urate crystal. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105765. [PMID: 38367667 PMCID: PMC10959670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
CLEC12A, a member of the C-type lectin receptor family involved in immune homeostasis, recognizes MSU crystals released from dying cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the CLEC12A-mediated recognition of MSU crystals remains unclear. Herein, we reported the crystal structure of the human CLEC12A-C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) and identified a unique "basic patch" site on CLEC12A-CTLD that is necessary for the binding of MSU crystals. Meanwhile, we determined the interaction strength between CLEC12A-CTLD and MSU crystals using single-molecule force spectroscopy. Furthermore, we found that CLEC12A clusters at the cell membrane and seems to serve as an internalizing receptor of MSU crystals. Altogether, these findings provide mechanistic insights for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between CLEC12A and MSU crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuelong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Westlake laboratory, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longxing Cao
- Westlake laboratory, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xianchi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Guerrero-Juarez CF, Schilf P, Li J, Zappia MP, Bao L, Patel PM, Gieseler-Tillmann J, Murthy S, Cole C, Sverdlov M, Frolov MV, Hashimoto T, Ishii N, Rülicke T, Bieber K, Ludwig RJ, Sadik CD, Amber KT. C-type lectin receptor expression is a hallmark of neutrophils infiltrating the skin in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1266359. [PMID: 37799716 PMCID: PMC10548123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is characterized by a neutrophilic response to anti-type VII collagen (COL7) antibodies resulting in the development of skin inflammation and blistering. The antibody transfer model of EBA closely mirrors this EBA phenotype. Methods To better understand the changes induced in neutrophils upon recruitment from peripheral blood into lesional skin in EBA, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of whole blood and skin dissociate to capture minimally perturbed neutrophils and characterize their transcriptome. Results Through this approach, we identified clear distinctions between circulating activated neutrophils and intradermal neutrophils. Most strikingly, the gene expression of multiple C-type lectin receptors, which have previously been reported to orchestrate host defense against fungi and select bacteria, were markedly dysregulated. After confirming the upregulation of Clec4n, Clec4d, and Clec4e in experimental EBA as well as in lesional skin from patients with inflammatory EBA, we performed functional studies in globally deficient Clec4e-/- and Clec4d-/- mice as well as in neutrophil-specific Clec4n-/- mice. Deficiency in these genes did not reduce disease in the EBA model. Discussion Collectively, our results suggest that while the upregulation of Clec4n, Clec4d, and Clec4e is a hallmark of activated dermal neutrophil populations, their individual contribution to the pathogenesis of EBA is dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F. Guerrero-Juarez
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Paul Schilf
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maria Paula Zappia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Payal M. Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Sripriya Murthy
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Connor Cole
- Department of Dermatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- Research Histology Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maxim V. Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norito Ishii
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Japan
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Bieber
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J. Ludwig
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian D. Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kyle T. Amber
- Department of Dermatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Álvarez B, Revilla C, Poderoso T, Ezquerra A, Domínguez J. Porcine Macrophage Markers and Populations: An Update. Cells 2023; 12:2103. [PMID: 37626913 PMCID: PMC10453229 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its importance as a livestock species, pig is increasingly being used as an animal model for biomedical research. Macrophages play critical roles in immunity to pathogens, tissue development, homeostasis and tissue repair. These cells are also primary targets for replication of viruses such as African swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, which can cause huge economic losses to the pig industry. In this article, we review the current status of knowledge on porcine macrophages, starting by reviewing the markers available for their phenotypical characterization and following with the characteristics of the main macrophage populations described in different organs, as well as the effect of polarization conditions on their phenotype and function. We will also review available cell lines suitable for studies on the biology of porcine macrophages and their interaction with pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angel Ezquerra
- Departamento de Biotecnología, CSIC INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña, km7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.Á.); (C.R.); (T.P.); (J.D.)
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5
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Nishimura N, Tomiyasu N, Torigoe S, Mizuno S, Fukano H, Ishikawa E, Katano H, Hoshino Y, Matsuo K, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Akashi K, Yamasaki S. Mycobacterial mycolic acids trigger inhibitory receptor Clec12A to suppress host immune responses. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 138:102294. [PMID: 36542980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria often cause chronic infection. To establish persistence in the host, mycobacteria need to evade host immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the evasion strategy are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that mycobacterial cell wall lipids trigger an inhibitory receptor to suppress host immune responses. Mycolic acids are major cell wall components and are essential for survival of mycobacteria. By screening inhibitory receptors that react with mycobacterial lipids, we found that mycolic acids from various mycobacterial species bind to mouse Clec12A, and more potently to human Clec12A. Clec12A is a conserved inhibitory C-type lectin receptor containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). Innate immune responses, such as MCP-1 production, and PPD-specific recall T cell responses were augmented in Clec12A-deficient mice after infection. In contrast, human Clec12A transgenic mice were susceptible to infection with M. tuberculosis. These results suggest that mycobacteria dampen host immune responses by hijacking an inhibitory host receptor through their specific and essential lipids, mycolic acids. The blockade of this interaction might provide a therapeutic option for the treatment or prevention of mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyasu
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shota Torigoe
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan; Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satoru Mizuno
- Research and Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory, Tokyo, 204-0022, Japan
| | - Hanako Fukano
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Research and Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory, Tokyo, 204-0022, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University (CiDER), Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan; Division of Molecular Design, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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McLeish KR, Fernandes MJ. Understanding inhibitory receptor function in neutrophils through the lens of
CLEC12A. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:50-68. [PMID: 36424898 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first leukocytes recruited from the circulation in response to invading pathogens or injured cells. To eradicate pathogens and contribute to tissue repair, recruited neutrophils generate and release a host of toxic chemicals that can also damage normal cells. To avoid collateral damage leading to tissue injury and organ dysfunction, molecular mechanisms evolved that tightly control neutrophil response threshold to activating signals, the strength and location of the response, and the timing of response termination. One mechanism of response control is interruption of activating intracellular signaling pathways by the 20 inhibitory receptors expressed by neutrophils. The two inhibitory C-type lectin receptors expressed by neutrophils, CLEC12A and DCIR, exhibit both common and distinct molecular and functional mechanisms, and they are associated with different diseases. In this review, we use studies on CLEC12A as a model of inhibitory receptor regulation of neutrophil function and participation in disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to inhibitory receptor specificity offers the possibility of using physiologic control of neutrophil functions as a pharmacologic tool to control inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. McLeish
- Department of Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Maria J. Fernandes
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Division CHU de Québec‐Laval University Research Center Québec Québec Canada
- Department of Microbiology‐Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Laval University Québec Québec Canada
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7
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Mehta P, Gouirand V, Boda DP, Zhang J, Gearty SV, Zirak B, Lowe MM, Clancy S, Boothby I, Mahuron KM, Fries A, Krummel MF, Mankoo P, Chang HW, Liu J, Moreau JM, Scharschmidt TC, Daud A, Kim E, Neuhaus IM, Harris HW, Liao W, Rosenblum MD. Layilin Anchors Regulatory T Cells in Skin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1763-1775. [PMID: 34470859 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) reside in nonlymphoid tissues where they carry out unique functions. The molecular mechanisms responsible for Treg accumulation and maintenance in these tissues are relatively unknown. Using an unbiased discovery approach, we identified LAYN (layilin), a C-type lectin-like receptor, to be preferentially and highly expressed on a subset of activated Tregs in healthy and diseased human skin. Expression of layilin on Tregs was induced by TCR-mediated activation in the presence of IL-2 or TGF-β. Mice with a conditional deletion of layilin in Tregs had reduced accumulation of these cells in tumors. However, these animals somewhat paradoxically had enhanced immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in increased tumor growth. Mechanistically, layilin expression on Tregs had a minimal effect on their activation and suppressive capacity in vitro. However, expression of this molecule resulted in a cumulative anchoring effect on Treg dynamic motility in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest a model whereby layilin facilitates Treg adhesion in skin and, in doing so, limits their suppressive capacity. These findings uncover a unique mechanism whereby reduced Treg motility acts to limit immune regulation in nonlymphoid organs and may help guide strategies to exploit this phenomenon for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Victoire Gouirand
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Devi P Boda
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sofia V Gearty
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bahar Zirak
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Margaret M Lowe
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sean Clancy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ian Boothby
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kelly M Mahuron
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adam Fries
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and
| | - Matthew F Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and
| | | | - Hsin-Wen Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jared Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joshua M Moreau
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Adil Daud
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Esther Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Isaac M Neuhaus
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hobart W Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;
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8
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Zhu Q, Huo H, Fu Q, Yang N, Xue T, Zhuang C, Liu X, Wang B, Su B, Li C. Identification and characterization of a C-type lectin in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) which functioning as a pattern recognition receptor that binds and agglutinates various bacteria. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:104-111. [PMID: 34062237 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectins (CTLs) are important pathogen pattern recognition receptors that recognize carbohydrate structures. In present study, a C-type lectin domain family 4 member E-like gene from turbot, which tentatively named SmCLEC4E-like (SmCLEC4EL), was identified, and the expressional and functional analyses were performed. In our results, SmCLEC4EL showed conserved synteny with CLEC4E-like genes from several fish species in genome, and possessed a typical type II transmembrane CTL architecture: an N-terminal intracellular region, a transmembrane domain and a C-terminal extracellular region which contained a predicted carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). In addition, SmCLEC4EL exhibited the highest expression level in spleen in healthy fish, and showed significantly induced expression in mucosal tissues, intestine and skin, under bacteria challenge. Finally, the recombinant SmCLEC4EL protein combined with LPS, PGN, LTA and five different kinds of bacteria in a dose-dependent manner, and agglutinated these bacteria strains in the presence of calcium. These findings collectively demonstrated that SmCLEC4EL, a calcium-dependent CTL, could function as a pattern recognition receptor in pathogen recognition and participate in host anti-bacteria immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Huijun Huo
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Changju Zhuang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
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9
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Cantrell MS, Soto-Avellaneda A, Wall JD, Ajeti AD, Morrison BE, Warner LR, McDougal OM. Repurposing Drugs to Treat Heart and Brain Illness. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060573. [PMID: 34208502 PMCID: PMC8235459 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development is a complicated, slow and expensive process with high failure rates. One strategy to mitigate these factors is to recycle existing drugs with viable safety profiles and have gained Food and Drug Administration approval following extensive clinical trials. Cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases are difficult to treat, and there exist few effective therapeutics, necessitating the development of new, more efficacious drugs. Recent scientific studies have led to a mechanistic understanding of heart and brain disease progression, which has led researchers to assess myriad drugs for their potential as pharmacological treatments for these ailments. The focus of this review is to survey strategies for the selection of drug repurposing candidates and provide representative case studies where drug repurposing strategies were used to discover therapeutics for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on anti-inflammatory processes where new drug alternatives are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maranda S. Cantrell
- Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (M.S.C.); (A.S.-A.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (J.D.W.); (A.D.A.)
| | - Alejandro Soto-Avellaneda
- Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (M.S.C.); (A.S.-A.)
- Department of Biology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Jackson D. Wall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (J.D.W.); (A.D.A.)
| | - Aaron D. Ajeti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (J.D.W.); (A.D.A.)
| | - Brad E. Morrison
- Department of Biology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
- Correspondence: (B.E.M.); (L.R.W.); (O.M.M.)
| | - Lisa R. Warner
- Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (M.S.C.); (A.S.-A.)
- Correspondence: (B.E.M.); (L.R.W.); (O.M.M.)
| | - Owen M. McDougal
- Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (M.S.C.); (A.S.-A.)
- Correspondence: (B.E.M.); (L.R.W.); (O.M.M.)
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10
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Castenmiller C, Keumatio-Doungtsop BC, van Ree R, de Jong EC, van Kooyk Y. Tolerogenic Immunotherapy: Targeting DC Surface Receptors to Induce Antigen-Specific Tolerance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643240. [PMID: 33679806 PMCID: PMC7933040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are well-established as major players in the regulation of immune responses. They either induce inflammatory or tolerogenic responses, depending on the DC-subtype and stimuli they receive from the local environment. This dual capacity of DCs has raised therapeutic interest for their use to modify immune-activation via the generation of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs). Several compounds such as vitamin D3, retinoic acid, dexamethasone, or IL-10 and TGF-β have shown potency in the induction of tolDCs. However, an increasing interest exists in defining tolerance inducing receptors on DCs for new targeting strategies aimed to develop tolerance inducing immunotherapies, on which we focus particular in this review. Ligation of specific cell surface molecules on DCs can result in antigen presentation to T cells in the presence of inhibitory costimulatory molecules and tolerogenic cytokines, giving rise to regulatory T cells. The combination of factors such as antigen structure and conformation, delivery method, and receptor specificity is of paramount importance. During the last decades, research provided many tools that can specifically target various receptors on DCs to induce a tolerogenic phenotype. Based on advances in the knowledge of pathogen recognition receptor expression profiles in human DC subsets, the most promising cell surface receptors that are currently being explored as possible targets for the induction of tolerance in DCs will be discussed. We also review the different strategies that are being tested to target DC receptors such as antigen-carbohydrate conjugates, antibody-antigen fusion proteins and antigen-adjuvant conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Castenmiller
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brigitte-Carole Keumatio-Doungtsop
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther C de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Nasu J, Uto T, Fukaya T, Takagi H, Fukui T, Miyanaga N, Nishikawa Y, Yamasaki S, Yamashita Y, Sato K. Pivotal role of the carbohydrate recognition domain in self-interaction of CLEC4A to elicit the ITIM-mediated inhibitory function in murine conventional dendritic cells in vitro. Int Immunol 2020; 32:673-682. [PMID: 32415968 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) with a characteristic carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) in the extracellular portion, mediate crucial cellular functions upon recognition of glycosylated pathogens and self-glycoproteins. CLEC4A is the only classical CLR that possesses an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), which possibly transduces negative signals. However, how CLEC4A exerts cellular inhibition remains unclear. Here, we report that the self-interaction of CLEC4A through the CRD is required for the ITIM-mediated suppressive function in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). Human type 2 cDCs (cDC2) and monocytes display a higher expression of CLEC4A than cDC1 and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) as well as B cells. The extracellular portion of CLEC4A specifically binds to a murine cDC cell line expressing CLEC4A, while its extracellular portion lacking the N-glycosylation site or the EPS motif within the CRD reduces their association. Furthermore, the deletion of the EPS motif within the CRD or ITIM in CLEC4A almost completely impairs its suppressive effect on the activation of the murine cDC cell line, whereas the absence of the N-glycosylation site within the CRD exhibits partial inhibition on their activation. On the other hand, antagonistic monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CLEC4A, which inhibits the self-interaction of CLEC4A and its downstream signaling in murine transfectants, enhances the activation of monocytes and monocyte-derived immature DCs upon stimulation with a Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand. Thus, our findings suggest a pivotal role of the CRD in self-interaction of CLEC4A to elicit the ITIM-mediated inhibitory signal for the control of the function of cDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junta Nasu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Uto
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukaya
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehito Fukui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Noriaki Miyanaga
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yotaro Nishikawa
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamashita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Álvarez B, Nieto-Pelegrín E, Martínez de la Riva P, Toki D, Poderoso T, Revilla C, Uenishi H, Ezquerra A, Domínguez J. Characterization of the Porcine CLEC12A and Analysis of Its Expression on Blood Dendritic Cell Subsets. Front Immunol 2020; 11:863. [PMID: 32477350 PMCID: PMC7237735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CLEC12A has been proposed as a suitable target for delivering antigen to dendritic cells (DCs) to enhance vaccine efficacy both in human and mouse. In this study, we have characterized the porcine homolog of CLEC12A (poCLEC12A). Using new monoclonal antibodies (mAb), raised against its ectodomain, poCLEC12A was found to be expressed on alveolar macrophages, blood conventional type 1 and type 2 DCs and plasmacytoid DCs, but not on monocytes, T cells, B cells or NK cells, in contrast to its human and murine homologs. Western blot analysis showed that in alveolar macrophages this receptor is expressed both as a monomer and a dimer. After binding to DCs, anti- poCLEC12A mAb was efficiently internalized. No significant changes were observed in TNFα or IFNα secretion by plasmacytoid DCs stimulated with either CpGs (ODN2216) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), upon incubation with mAb. These results provide the basis for future investigations aimed to assess the ability of anti-poCLEC12A mAbs to improve vaccine efficacy by targeting antigen to DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Álvarez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Nieto-Pelegrín
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez de la Riva
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daisuke Toki
- Animal Research Division, Institute of Japan Association for Techno-Innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Teresa Poderoso
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Revilla
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- Animal Bioregulation Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Angel Ezquerra
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Domínguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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13
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MGL1 Receptor Plays a Key Role in the Control of T. cruzi Infection by Increasing Macrophage Activation through Modulation of ERK1/2, c-Jun, NF-κB and NLRP3 Pathways. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010108. [PMID: 31906385 PMCID: PMC7017267 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage galactose-C type lectin (MGL)1 receptor is involved in the recognition of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) parasites and is important for the modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the mechanism by which MGL1 promotes resistance to T. cruzi remains unclear. Here, we show that MGL1 knockout macrophages (MGL1-/- Mφ) infected in vitro with T. cruzi were heavily parasitized and showed decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), IL-12 and TNF-α compared to wild-type macrophages (WT Mφ). MGL1-/- Mφ stimulated in vitro with T. cruzi antigen (TcAg) showed low expression of TLR-2, TLR-4 and MHC-II, which resulted in deficient splenic cell activation compared with similar co-cultured WT Mφ. Importantly, the activation of p-ERK1/2, p-c-Jun and p-NF-κB p65 were significantly reduced in MGL1-/- Mφ exposed to TcAg. Similarly, procaspase 1, caspase 1 and NLRP3 inflammasome also displayed a reduced expression that was associated with low IL-β production. Our data reveal a previously unappreciated role for MGL1 in Mφ activation through the modulation of ERK1/2, c-Jun, NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways, and to the development of protective innate immunity against experimental T. cruzi infection.
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14
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Physiological and Pathological Functions of CARD9 Signaling in the Innate Immune System. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2020; 429:177-203. [PMID: 32415389 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain protein 9 (CARD9) forms essential signaling complexes in the innate immune system that integrate cues from C-type lectin receptors and specific intracellular pattern recognition receptors. These CARD9-mediated signals are pivotal for host defense against fungi, and they mediate immunity against certain bacteria, viruses and parasites. Furthermore, CARD9-regulated pathways are involved in sterile inflammatory responses critical for immune homeostasis and can control pro- and antitumor immunity in cancer microenvironments. Consequently, multiple genetic alterations of human CARD9 are connected to primary immunodeficiencies or prevalent inflammatory disorders in patients. This review will summarize our current understanding of CARD9 signaling in the innate immune system, its physiological and pathological functions and their implications for human immune-mediated diseases.
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15
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Targeting innate sensing in the tumor microenvironment to improve immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:13-26. [PMID: 31844141 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune sensing pathways play critical roles in the defense against pathogen infection, but their roles in cancer immunosurveillance and cancer therapies are less defined. We propose that defective innate immune sensing inside the tumor microenvironment might limit T-cell responses to immunotherapy. A recent mechanistic understanding of conventional therapies revealed that both innate immune sensing and T-cell responses are essential for optimal antitumor efficacy. T-cell-based immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade, has achieved great success in reactivating antitumor immune responses to lead to tumor regression, but only in a small fraction of patients. Therefore, incorporating conventional therapy that can increase innate sensing and immunotherapy should lead to promising strategies for cancer patients. Here, we review the innate sensing pathways related to cancer initiation/progression and therapies, summarize the recent key findings in innate immune sensing related to conventional therapies, evaluate current combination strategies, and highlight the potential issues of combinational therapies in terms of antitumor efficacy and toxicities.
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16
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Abstract
Viral infections are accompanied by the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) during the virus life-cycle and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from collateral injured cells. The sensing of viral PAMPs by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors RIG-I and cGAS is essential in initiating host antiviral responses, especially the type I interferon (IFN-I) response. Here, we report that the DAMP-sensing C-type lectin receptor Clec12A positively regulates the IFN-I response induced by RIG-I, providing a mechanism of cross-talk between PAMP- and DAMP-triggered signaling pathways. Moreover, this modulatory function of Clec12A has functional consequences in both acute and chronic viral infection in mice. The detection of microbes and damaged host cells by the innate immune system is essential for host defense against infection and tissue homeostasis. However, how distinct positive and negative regulatory signals from immune receptors are integrated to tailor specific responses in complex scenarios remains largely undefined. Clec12A is a myeloid cell-expressed inhibitory C-type lectin receptor that can sense cell death under sterile conditions. Clec12A detects uric acid crystals and limits proinflammatory pathways by counteracting the cell-activating spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). Here, we surprisingly find that Clec12A additionally amplifies type I IFN (IFN-I) responses in vivo and in vitro. Using retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling as a model, we demonstrate that monosodium urate (MSU) crystal sensing by Clec12A enhances cytosolic RNA-induced IFN-I production and the subsequent induction of IFN-I–stimulated genes. Mechanistically, Clec12A engages Src kinase to positively regulate the TBK1-IRF3 signaling module. Consistently, Clec12A-deficient mice exhibit reduced IFN-I responses upon lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, which affects the outcomes of these animals in acute and chronic virus infection models. Thus, our results uncover a previously unrecognized connection between an MSU crystal-sensing receptor and the IFN-I response, and they illustrate how the sensing of extracellular damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) can shape the immune response.
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Abstract
The C-type lectins are a superfamily of proteins that recognize a broad repertoire of ligands and that regulate a diverse range of physiological functions. Most research attention has focused on the ability of C-type lectins to function in innate and adaptive antimicrobial immune responses, but these proteins are increasingly being recognized to have a major role in autoimmune diseases and to contribute to many other aspects of multicellular existence. Defects in these molecules lead to developmental and physiological abnormalities, as well as altered susceptibility to infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this Review, we present an overview of the roles of C-type lectins in immunity and homeostasis, with an emphasis on the most exciting recent discoveries.
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18
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Huang Y, Zhang R, Gao T, Xu H, Wu T, Ren Q. 2-Transmembrane C-type lectin from oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense participates in antibacterial immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:58-67. [PMID: 31096059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a type of pattern-recognition proteins (PRRs), C-type lectins (CTLs) perform important functions in non-self recognition and clearance of pathogens in innate immunity. In this study, a unique 2-transmembrane CTL (designated as Mn-2TM-cLec) with a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) was isolated from Macrobrachium nipponense. The full-length cDNA of Mn-2TM-cLec consisted of 3265 bp with an 837 bp open reading frame encoding a protein with 278 amino acids. Mn-2TM-cLec was ubiquitously distributed in various tissues of normal prawn, particularly in the hemocytes, hepatopancreas, and gills. The expression of Mn-2TM-cLec was significantly up-regulated in the gills and hepatopancreas after the prawns were challenged with Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. RNA interference knock-down of Mn-2TM-cLec gene decreased the transcription levels of three antimicrobial peptides (anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) 1, ALF2, and Crustin (Crus) 1) after V. parahaemolyticus infection. The recombinant CRD of Mn-2TM-cLec could bind lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycans, and diverse bacterial strains and agglutinate S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus in a Ca2+-dependent manner. In addition, the rCRD enhanced the clearance of V. parahaemolyticus injected in prawns. In summary, Mn-2TM-cLec might act as a PRR to participate in the prawn immune defense against pathogens through its antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China; Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Jiangsu Shuixian Industrial Company Limited, 40 Tonghu Road, Baoying, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225800, China
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Tianheng Gao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Jiangsu Shuixian Industrial Company Limited, 40 Tonghu Road, Baoying, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225800, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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19
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Castillo LA, Birnberg-Weiss F, Rodriguez-Rodrigues N, Martire-Greco D, Bigi F, Landoni VI, Gomez SA, Fernandez GC. Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 Negatively Regulates the Oxidative Burst in Human Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2019; 10:929. [PMID: 31105712 PMCID: PMC6497972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic clone of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn), sequence type 258 (ST258), carbapenamase producer (KPC), commonly infects hospitalized patients that are left with scarce therapeutic option since carbapenems are last resort antibiotics for life-threatening bacterial infections. To improve prevention and treatment, we should better understand the biology of Kpn KPC ST258 infections. Our hypothesis was that Kpn KPC ST258 evade the first line of defense of innate immunity, the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN), by decreasing its functional response. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate how the ST258 Kpn clone affects PMN responses, focusing on the respiratory burst, compared to another opportunistic pathogen, Escherichia coli (Eco). We found that Kpn KPC ST258 was unable to trigger bactericidal responses as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and NETosis, compared to the high induction observed with Eco, but both bacterial strains were similarly phagocytized and cause increases in cell size and CD11b expression. The absence of ROS induction was also observed with other Kpn ST258 strains negative for KPC. These results reflect certain selectivity in terms of the functions that are triggered in PMN by Kpn, which seems to evade specifically those responses critical for bacterial survival. In this sense, bactericidal mechanisms evasion was associated with a higher survival of Kpn KPC ST258 compared to Eco. To investigate the mechanisms and molecules involved in ROS inhibition, we used bacterial extracts (BE) and found that BE were able to inhibit ROS generation triggered by the well-known ROS inducer, fMLP. A sequence of experiments led us to elucidate that the polysaccharide part of LPS was responsible for this inhibition, whereas lipid A mediated the other responses that were not affected by bacteria, such as cell size increase and CD11b up-regulation. In conclusion, we unraveled a mechanism of immune evasion of Kpn KPC ST258, which may contribute to design more effective strategies for the treatment of these multi-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Castillo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Birnberg-Weiss
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nahuel Rodriguez-Rodrigues
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Martire-Greco
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Bigi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica I Landoni
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia A Gomez
- Servicio de Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela C Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)/Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Liu G, Yin S, Li P, Han Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Li J, Guo Z, Tao Y, An H, Xu S, Yu Y. mKLRL1 regulates the maturation of dendritic cells and plays important roles in immune tolerance. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:300-313. [PMID: 30787988 PMCID: PMC6357304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
KLRL1 is a member of C-type lectin-like receptors (CLEC) and preferentially expressed on the surface of immune cells. We have previously illustrated its inhibitory role in Natural killer (NK) cells. Though cloned from dendritic cells (DCs), its role in DCs has not been fully identified. Here, we found that mKLRL1 markedly decreased during DC maturation; mKLRL1-modifed DCs showed enhanced phagocytic capability and reduced ability to induce T cell proliferation, which mimics immature DCs. Further investigation revealed that IL-10 was indispensable for mKLRL1 to suppress DC maturation. And p38 activation was responsible for preferential IL-10 production. Pretreatment with mKLRL1-modified DCs protected mice from subsequently EAE induction, indicating a role in immune tolerance. Taken together, our results have revealed an inhibitory role of KLRL1 in mouse DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Shulei Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanmei Han
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuxun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiangyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Yijie Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Huazhang An
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Yizhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
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21
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Yousefi S, Sharma SK, Stojkov D, Germic N, Aeschlimann S, Ge MQ, Flayer CH, Larson ED, Redai IG, Zhang S, Koziol-White CJ, Karikó K, Simon HU, Haczku A. Oxidative damage of SP-D abolishes control of eosinophil extracellular DNA trap formation. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:205-214. [PMID: 29733456 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab1117-455r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The asthmatic airways are highly susceptible to inflammatory injury by air pollutants such as ozone (O3 ), characterized by enhanced activation of eosinophilic granulocytes and a failure of immune protective mechanisms. Eosinophil activation during asthma exacerbation contributes to the proinflammatory oxidative stress by high levels of nitric oxide (NO) production and extracellular DNA release. Surfactant protein-D (SP-D), an epithelial cell product of the airways, is a critical immune regulatory molecule with a multimeric structure susceptible to oxidative modifications. Using recombinant proteins and confocal imaging, we demonstrate here that SP-D directly bound to the membrane and inhibited extracellular DNA trap formation by human and murine eosinophils in a concentration and carbohydrate-dependent manner. Combined allergic airway sensitization and O3 exposure heightened eosinophilia and nos2 mRNA (iNOS) activation in the lung tissue and S-nitrosylation related de-oligomerisation of SP-D in the airways. In vitro reproduction of the iNOS action led to similar effects on SP-D. Importantly, S-nitrosylation abolished the ability of SP-D to block extracellular DNA trap formation. Thus, the homeostatic negative regulatory feedback between SP-D and eosinophils is destroyed by the NO-rich oxidative lung tissue environment in asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Moyar Q Ge
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | | | - Imre G Redai
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suhong Zhang
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cynthia J Koziol-White
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Katalin Karikó
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Angela Haczku
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,University of California, Davis, California, USA
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22
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Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that affects approximately 300 million people worldwide, largely in developed countries. The etiology of the disease is poorly understood, but is likely to involve specific innate and adaptive responses to inhaled microbial components that are found in allergens. Fungal-derived allergens represent a major contributing factor in the initiation, persistence, exacerbation, and severity of allergic asthma. C-type lectin like receptors, such as dectin-1, dectin-2, DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin, and mannose receptor, recognize many fungal-derived allergens and other structurally similar allergens derived from house dust mites (HDM). In some cases, the fungal derived allergens have been structurally and functionally identified alongside their respective receptors in both humans and mice. In this review, we discuss recent understanding on how selected fungal and HDM derived allergens as well as their known or unknown receptors shape allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Aberdeen AFGrica Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Pees B, Kloock A, Nakad R, Barbosa C, Dierking K. Enhanced behavioral immune defenses in a C. elegans C-type lectin-like domain gene mutant. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 74:237-242. [PMID: 28499858 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) proteins occupy crucial functions in the immune system of vertebrates, but their role in invertebrate immunity is much less understood. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans possesses a highly diverse CTLD protein encoding (clec) gene repertoire. A role of C. elegans clec genes in pathogen defense is always assumed, yet experimental evidence for clec immune function is rare. To systematically test the potential function of clec genes in the C. elegans defense against pathogens, we screened 39 clec mutants for survival on the Gram-positive pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (BT18247) and 37 clec mutants on the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14). We found that clec mutants can exhibit either decreased or, unexpectedly, increased resistance to infection. Since we observed high escape behavior for some of the clec mutants on BT18247 during the initial screen, we then asked if increased pathogen avoidance behavior underlies the increased resistance of some clec mutants. We thus tested lawn leaving behavior of the resistant clec-29(ok3181), clec-34(ok2120), clec-151(ok2264), and C54G4.4(ok2110) mutant on BT18247. We found that C54G4.4(ok2110) mutant animals exhibit a particularly strong lawn leaving behavior, in addition to prolonged feeding cessation when exposed to BT18247. Together, our results indicate that clec genes mediate both resistance and susceptibility to infection. Further, behavioral analyses of the C54G4.4(ok2110) mutant implicate C54G4.4 in the regulation of pathogen avoidance behavior towards BT18247. We conclude that C. elegans clec genes may act both as positive and negative regulators of physiological as well as behavioral immune defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pees
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anke Kloock
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rania Nakad
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Camilo Barbosa
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Dierking
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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24
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Gangwar RS, Landolina N, Arpinati L, Levi-Schaffer F. Mast cell and eosinophil surface receptors as targets for anti-allergic therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 170:37-63. [PMID: 27773785 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopesh Singh Gangwar
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadine Landolina
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ludovica Arpinati
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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25
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Eissa DS, Kandeel EZ, Ghareeb M. Human myeloid inhibitory C-lectin: a highly specific and stable acute myeloid leukemia marker. Hematol Oncol 2016; 35:814-820. [PMID: 27734526 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor because of relapses occurring on conventional chemotherapy. The distinction between leukemic and normal stem cells relies on the expression of antigen combinations defining leukemia-associated immunophenotypes (LAIPs), which are absent or extremely infrequent in normal bone marrow. However, LAIPs are very different from patient to patient and are not necessarily stable over the course of the disease. Accordingly, we addressed the applicability of human myeloid inhibitory C-lectin (hMICL) by flow cytometry as a specific leukemic myeloid stem cell marker for the diagnosis of AML in CD34+ and CD34- cases and evaluated the stability of hMICL during the course of the disease. hMICL expression was assessed in 78 bone marrow aspirate specimens obtained from AML patients at diagnosis (n = 40), complete remission (CR) (n = 28), and relapse (n = 10). AML patients at diagnosis were compared to 20 newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and 20 healthy controls. hMICL was reevaluated in CR and relapse specimens. hMICL was expressed in 100% AML patients at diagnosis (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 60.3 ± 19.9%), both CD34+ and CD34- , but not in ALL (mean ± SD, 3.3 ± 1.9%) or healthy controls (mean ± SD, 3.4 ± 2.6%) (P < .001). hMICL median fluorescence intensity ratio was higher in AML (mean ± SD, 15.9 ± 11.7) compared to ALL (mean ± SD, 4.5 ± 1.4) and healthy controls (mean ± SD, 4.4 ± 1.6) (P < .001). hMICL was expressed in all studied AML morphologic subtypes. Preserved stable expression of hMICL was found in CR and relapse specimens with no antigen loss. hMICL is a robust pan-AML-associated antigen with excellent diagnostic impact, extreme specificity to AML blasts, and stability throughout the course of the disease. hMICL could be incorporated into the routine flow cytometry setting within the initial diagnostic work-up and follow-up of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Samir Eissa
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Zaghloul Kandeel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ghareeb
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Clec4A4 is a regulatory receptor for dendritic cells that impairs inflammation and T-cell immunity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11273. [PMID: 27068492 PMCID: PMC4832068 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise several subsets that are critically involved in the initiation and regulation of immunity. Clec4A4/DC immunoreceptor 2 (DCIR2) is a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) exclusively expressed on CD8α− conventional DCs (cDCs). However, how Clec4A4 controls immune responses through regulation of the function of CD8α− cDCs remains unclear. Here we show that Clec4A4 is a regulatory receptor for the activation of CD8α− cDCs that impairs inflammation and T-cell immunity. Clec4a4−/−CD8α− cDCs show enhanced cytokine production and T-cell priming following Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated activation. Furthermore, Clec4a4−/− mice exhibit TLR-mediated hyperinflammation. On antigenic immunization, Clec4a4−/− mice show not only augmented T-cell responses but also progressive autoimmune pathogenesis. Conversely, Clec4a4−/− mice exhibit resistance to microbial infection, accompanied by enhanced T-cell responses against microbes. Thus, our findings highlight roles of Clec4A4 in regulation of the function of CD8α− cDCs for control of the magnitude and quality of immune response. Clec4A4 is a C-type lectin receptor highly expressed by CD8α− dendritic cells. Here the authors show that its loss of function results in enhanced T cell responses and exacerbated autoimmunity, implicating Clec4A4 in limiting activation of the CD8α− dendritic cells.
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27
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Maruhashi T, Kaifu T, Iwakura Y. DCIR in the "osteo-immune" system. Oncotarget 2015; 6:34051-2. [PMID: 26462156 PMCID: PMC4741427 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Maruhashi
- Division of Immune Regulation, Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kaifu
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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28
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Blanco-Menéndez N, Del Fresno C, Fernandes S, Calvo E, Conde-Garrosa R, Kerr WG, Sancho D. SHIP-1 Couples to the Dectin-1 hemITAM and Selectively Modulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Dendritic Cells in Response to Candida albicans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4466-4478. [PMID: 26416276 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dectin-1 (Clec7a) is a paradigmatic C-type lectin receptor that binds Syk through a hemITAM motif and couples sensing of pathogens such as fungi to induction of innate responses. Dectin-1 engagement triggers a plethora of activating events, but little is known about the modulation of such pathways. Trying to define a more precise picture of early Dectin-1 signaling, we explored the interactome of the intracellular tail of the receptor in mouse dendritic cells. We found unexpected binding of SHIP-1 phosphatase to the phosphorylated hemITAM. SHIP-1 colocalized with Dectin-1 during phagocytosis of zymosan in a hemITAM-dependent fashion. Moreover, endogenous SHIP-1 relocated to live or heat-killed Candida albicans-containing phagosomes in a Dectin-1-dependent manner in GM-CSF-derived bone marrow cells (GM-BM). However, SHIP-1 absence in GM-BM did not affect activation of MAPK or production of cytokines and readouts dependent on NF-κB and NFAT. Notably, ROS production was enhanced in SHIP-1-deficient GM-BM treated with heat-killed C. albicans, live C. albicans, or the specific Dectin-1 agonists curdlan or whole glucan particles. This increased oxidative burst was dependent on Dectin-1, Syk, PI3K, phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1, and NADPH oxidase. GM-BM from CD11c∆SHIP-1 mice also showed increased killing activity against live C. albicans that was dependent on Dectin-1, Syk, and NADPH oxidase. These results illustrate the complexity of myeloid C-type lectin receptor signaling, and how an activating hemITAM can also couple to intracellular inositol phosphatases to modulate selected functional responses and tightly regulate processes such as ROS production that could be deleterious to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Blanco-Menéndez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Carlos III" (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Fresno
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Carlos III" (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Sandra Fernandes
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Proteomic Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Conde-Garrosa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Carlos III" (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - William G Kerr
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Pediatrics Department, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Chemistry Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - David Sancho
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Carlos III" (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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29
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Redelinghuys P, Whitehead L, Augello A, Drummond RA, Levesque JM, Vautier S, Reid DM, Kerscher B, Taylor JA, Nigrovic PA, Wright J, Murray GI, Willment JA, Hocking LJ, Fernandes MJG, De Bari C, Mcinnes IB, Brown GD. MICL controls inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:1386-91. [PMID: 26275430 PMCID: PMC4941174 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid inhibitory C-type lectin-like receptor (MICL, Clec12A) is a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) expressed predominantly by myeloid cells. Previous studies have suggested that MICL is involved in controlling inflammation. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of this CLR in inflammatory pathology using Clec12A(-/-) mice. METHODS Clec12A(-/-) mice were generated commercially and primarily characterised using the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model. Mechanisms and progress of disease were characterised by clinical scoring, histology, flow cytometry, irradiation bone-marrow chimera generation, administration of blocking antibodies and in vivo imaging. Characterisation of MICL in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was determined by immunohistochemistry and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Anti-MICL antibodies were detected in patient serum by ELISA and dot-blot analysis. RESULTS MICL-deficient animals did not present with pan-immune dysfunction, but exhibited markedly exacerbated inflammation during CAIA, owing to the inappropriate activation of myeloid cells. Polymorphisms of MICL were not associated with disease in patients with RA, but this CLR was the target of autoantibodies in a subset of patients with RA. In wild-type mice the administration of such antibodies recapitulated the Clec12A(-/-) phenotype. CONCLUSIONS MICL plays an essential role in regulating inflammation during arthritis and is an autoantigen in a subset of patients with RA. These data suggest an entirely new mechanism underlying RA pathogenesis, whereby the threshold of myeloid cell activation can be modulated by autoantibodies that bind to cell membrane-expressed inhibitory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Whitehead
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrea Augello
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Jean-Michel Levesque
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Vautier
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Delyth M Reid
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Julie A Taylor
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Wright
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Division of Applied Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Janet A Willment
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lynne J Hocking
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Maria J G Fernandes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Iain B Mcinnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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30
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Shu C, Wang S, Xu T. Characterization of the duplicate L-SIGN and DC-SIGN genes in miiuy croaker and evolutionary analysis of L-SIGN in fishes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 50:19-25. [PMID: 25596146 PMCID: PMC7124703 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN/CD209) and liver/lymph node-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin (L-SIGN/CD299) which are homologues of DC-SIGN are important members in C-type lectin receptors family as key molecules to recognize and eliminate pathogens in the innate immune system. DC-SIGN and L-SIGN have become hot topics in recent studies which both served as cell adhesion and phagocytic pathogen recognition receptors in mammals. However, there have been almost no studies of DC-SIGN and L-SIGN structure and characters in fish, only DC-SIGN in the zebrafish had been studied. In our study, we identified and characterized the full-length miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) DC-SIGN (mmDC-SIGN) and L-SIGN (mmL-SIGN) genes. The sequence analysis results showed that mmDC-SIGN and mmL-SIGN have the same domains with other vertebrates except primates, and share some conserved motifs in CRD among all the vertebrates which play a crucial role in interacting with Ca(2+) and for recognizing mannose-containing motifs. Gene synteny of DC-SIGN and L-SIGN were analyzed for the first time and gene synteny of L-SIGN was conserved among the five fishes. Interestingly, one gene next to L-SIGN from gene synteny had high similarity with L-SIGN gene that was described as L-SIGN-like in fish species. While only one L-SIGN gene existed in other vertebrates, two L-SIGN in fish may be in consequence of the fish-specific genome duplication to adapt the specific environment. The evolutionary analysis showed that the ancestral lineages of L-SIGN gene in fishes experienced purifying selection and the current lineages of L-SIGN gene in fishes underwent positive selection, indicating that the ancestral lineages and current lineages of L-SIGN gene in fishes underwent different evolutionary patterns. Both mmDC-SIGN and mmL-SIGN were expressed in all tested tissues and ubiquitously up-regulated in infected liver, spleen and kidney at different sampling time points, indicating that the mmDC-SIGN and mmL-SIGN participated in the immune response to defense against bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Shanchen Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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31
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Dambuza IM, Brown GD. C-type lectins in immunity: recent developments. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 32:21-7. [PMID: 25553393 PMCID: PMC4589735 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CLRs play an essential role in immunity to fungi and mycobacteria. CLRs are involved in the regulation of homeostasis, autoimmunity and allergy. CLRs recognise and trigger cellular responses to dead and cancerous cells.
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) comprise a large superfamily of proteins, which recognise a diverse range of ligands, and are defined by the presence of at least one C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD). Of particular interest are the single extracellular CTLD-containing receptors of the ‘Dectin-1’ and ‘Dectin-2’ clusters, which associate with signalling adaptors or possess integral intracellular signalling domains. These CLRs have traditionally been associated with the recognition of fungi, but recent discoveries have revealed diverse and unexpected functions. In this review, we describe their newly identified roles in anti-microbial host defence, homeostasis, autoimmunity, allergy and their functions in the recognition and response to dead and cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy M Dambuza
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Division of Applied Medicine, Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Division of Applied Medicine, Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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32
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Plato A, Hardison SE, Brown GD. Pattern recognition receptors in antifungal immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 37:97-106. [PMID: 25420452 PMCID: PMC4326652 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Receptors of the innate immune system are the first line of defence against infection, being able to recognise and initiate an inflammatory response to invading microorganisms. The Toll-like (TLR), NOD-like (NLR), RIG-I-like (RLR) and C-type lectin-like receptors (CLR) are four receptor families that contribute to the recognition of a vast range of species, including fungi. Many of these pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are able to initiate innate immunity and polarise adaptive responses upon the recognition of fungal cell wall components and other conserved molecular patterns, including fungal nucleic acids. These receptors induce effective mechanisms of fungal clearance in normal hosts, but medical interventions, immunosuppression or genetic predisposition can lead to susceptibility to fungal infections. In this review, we highlight the importance of PRRs in fungal infection, specifically CLRs, which are the major PRR involved. We will describe specific PRRs in detail, the importance of receptor collaboration in fungal recognition and clearance, and describe how genetic aberrations in PRRs can contribute to disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Plato
- Division of Applied Medicine Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme Room 4.20, Institute of Medical Sciences, Ashgrove Road West University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Sarah E. Hardison
- Division of Applied Medicine Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme Room 4.20, Institute of Medical Sciences, Ashgrove Road West University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Division of Applied Medicine Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Programme Room 4.20, Institute of Medical Sciences, Ashgrove Road West University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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Kawamura T, Ogawa Y, Aoki R, Shimada S. Innate and intrinsic antiviral immunity in skin. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 75:159-66. [PMID: 24928148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As the body's most exposed interface with the environment, the skin is constantly challenged by potentially pathogenic microbes, including viruses. To sense the invading viruses, various types of cells resident in the skin express many different pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) such as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and cytosolic DNA sensors, that can detect the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the viruses. The detection of viral PAMPs initiates two major innate immune signaling cascades: the first involves the activation of the downstream transcription factors, such as interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1), which cooperate to induce the transcription of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The second signaling pathway involves the caspase-1-mediated processing of IL-1β and IL-18 through the formation of an inflammasome complex. Cutaneous innate immunity including the production of the innate cytokines constitutes the first line of host defence that limits the virus dissemination from the skin, and also plays an important role in the activation of adaptive immune response, which represents the second line of defence. More recently, the third immunity "intrinsic immunity" has emerged, that provides an immediate and direct antiviral defense mediated by host intrinsic restriction factors. This review focuses on the recent advances regarding the antiviral immune systems, highlighting the innate and intrinsic immunity against the viral infections in the skin, and describes how viral components are recognized by cutaneous immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Rui Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Shinji Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan
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Hoving JC, Wilson GJ, Brown GD. Signalling C-type lectin receptors, microbial recognition and immunity. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:185-94. [PMID: 24330199 PMCID: PMC4016756 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Signalling C‐type lectin receptors (CLRs) are crucial in shaping the immune response to fungal pathogens, but comparably little is known about the role of these receptors in bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. CLRs have many diverse functions depending on the signalling motifs in their cytoplasmic domains, and can induce endocytic, phagocytic, antimicrobial, pro‐inflammatory or anti‐inflammatory responses which are either protective or not during an infection. Understanding the role of CLRs in shaping anti‐microbial immunity offers great potential for the future development of therapeutics for disease intervention. In this review we will focus on the recognition of bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens by CLRs, and how these receptors influence the outcome of infection. We will also provide a brief update on the role of CLRs in antifungal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Claire Hoving
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
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Plato A, Willment JA, Brown GD. C-type lectin-like receptors of the dectin-1 cluster: ligands and signaling pathways. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 32:134-56. [PMID: 23570314 PMCID: PMC3634610 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.777065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is constructed around genetically encoded receptors that survey the intracellular and extracellular environments for signs of invading microorganisms. These receptors recognise the invader and through complex intracellular networks of molecular signaling, they destroy the threat whilst instructing effective adaptive immune responses. Many of these receptors, like the Toll-like receptors in particular, are well-known for their ability to mediate downstream responses upon recognition of exogenous or endogenous ligands; however, the emerging family known as the C-type lectin-like receptors contains many members that have a huge impact on immune and homeostatic regulation. Of particular interest here are the C-type lectin-like receptors that make up the Dectin-1 cluster and their intracellular signaling motifs that mediate their functions. In this review, we aim to draw together current knowledge of ligands, motifs and signaling pathways, present downstream of Dectin-1 cluster receptors, and discuss how these dictate their role within biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Plato
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Section of Immunology and Infection, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Mahla RS, Reddy MC, Prasad DVR, Kumar H. Sweeten PAMPs: Role of Sugar Complexed PAMPs in Innate Immunity and Vaccine Biology. Front Immunol 2013; 4:248. [PMID: 24032031 PMCID: PMC3759294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate sensors play a critical role in the early innate immune responses to invading pathogens through sensing of diverse biochemical signatures also known as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). These biochemical signatures primarily consist of a major family of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, nitrogen bases, and sugar and its complexes, which are distinct from host molecules and exclusively expressed in pathogens and essential to their survival. The family of sensors known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are germ-line encoded, evolutionarily conserved molecules, and consist of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs), and DNA sensors. Sensing of PAMP by PRR initiates the cascade of signaling leading to the activation of transcription factors, such as NF-κB and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), resulting in a variety of cellular responses, including the production of interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we discuss sensing of different types of glycosylated PAMPs such as β-glucan (a polymeric sugar) or lipopolysaccharides, nucleic acid, and so on (sugar complex PAMPs) by different families of sensors, its role in pathogenesis, and its application in development of potential vaccine and vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Singh Mahla
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Bhopal , India
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lubong Sabado
- NYU Langone Medical Center Cancer Institute; New York University School of Medicine, New York; New York
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- NYU Langone Medical Center Cancer Institute; New York University School of Medicine, New York; New York
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Cortes HD, Montgomery BC, Verheijen K, García-García E, Stafford JL. Examination of the stimulatory signaling potential of a channel catfish leukocyte immune-type receptor and associated adaptor. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 36:62-73. [PMID: 21703302 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Expressed by various subsets of myeloid and lymphoid immune cells, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) leukocyte immune-type receptors (IpLITRs) are predicted to play a key role in the initiation and termination of teleost cellular effector responses. These type I transmembrane proteins belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily and display features of immunoregulatory receptors with inhibitory and/or stimulatory signaling potential. Expanding on our previous work, which demonstrated that putative stimulatory IpLITR-types associated with the catfish adaptor proteins IpFcRγ and FcRγ-L, this study focuses on the functional significance of this immune receptor-adaptor signaling complex. Specifically, we generated an epitope-tagged chimeric receptor construct by fusing the extracellular domain of IpLITR 2.6b with the transmembrane region and cytoplasmic tail of IpFcRγ-L. This chimera was stably expressed in a rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cell line, RBL-2H3, and following cross-linking of the surface receptor with an anti-hemagglutinin monoclonal antibody or opsonized microspheres, the chimeric teleost receptor induced cellular degranulation and phagocytic responses, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif encoded within the cytoplasmic tail of the chimera confirmed that these functional responses were dependent on the phosphorylated tyrosines within this motif. Using a combination of phospho-specific antibodies and pharmacological inhibitors, we also demonstrate that the IpLITR/IpFcRγ-L-induced degranulation response requires the activity of Src homology 2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase C, and mitogen-activated protein kinases but appears independent of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAP kinase pathways. In addition to this first look at stimulatory IpLITR-mediated signaling and its influence on cellular effector responses, the advantage of generating RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing a functional IpLITR-adaptor chimera will be discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Basophils/drug effects
- Basophils/immunology
- Basophils/metabolism
- Basophils/pathology
- Cell Degranulation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/metabolism
- Ictaluridae
- Immunity, Cellular
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Phagocytosis
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Rats
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transgenes/genetics
- src Homology Domains/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman D Cortes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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