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Izhari MA. Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) Drugs for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infections. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3102. [PMID: 37835845 PMCID: PMC10572573 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic virus that affects millions of human lives worldwide. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens are the most effective HCV treatment option. However, amino acid substitution-dependent resistance to DAAs has been a major challenge. This study aimed to determine the increasing risk of DAA resistance due to substitutions in DAA target non-structural proteins (NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B). Using a Sequence Retrieval System (SRS) at the virus pathogen resource (ViPR/BV-BRC), n = 32763 target protein sequences were retrieved and analyzed for resistance-associated amino acid substitutions (RAASs) by the Sequence Feature Variant Type (SFVT) antiviral-resistance assessment modeling tool. Reference target protein sequences with 100% identity were retried from UniProt following NCBI BLAST. The types and locations of RAASs were identified and visualized by AlphaFold and PyMol. Linux-r-base/R-studio was used for the data presentation. Multi-drug-resistant variants of NS3/4A in genotype 1 (n = 9) and genotype 5 (n = 5) along with DAA-specific NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B variants were identified pan-genotypically. A total of 27 variants (RAASs) of all the targets were identified. Fourteen genotype 1-specific substitutions: V1196A, V1158I, D1194A/T/G, R1181K, T1080S, Q1106R, V1062A, S1148G, A1182V, Y2065N, M2000T, and L2003V were identified. The most frequent substitutions were V1062L and L2003M, followed by Q2002H. L2003V, Q2002H, M2000T, Y2065N, and NL2003M of NS5A and L2003M of NS5B conferred resistance to daclatasvir. S2702T NS5B was the sofosbuvir-resistant variant. D1194A NS3/4A was triple DAA (simeprevir, faldaprevir, and asunaprevir) resistant. The double-drug resistant variants R1181K (faldaprevir and asunaprevir), A1182V and Q1106K/R (faldaprevir and simeprevir), T1080S (faldaprevir and telaprevir), and single drug-resistant variants V1062L (telaprevir), D1194E/T (simeprevir), D1194G (asunaprevir), S1148A/G (simeprevir), and Q1106L (Boceprevir) of NS3/4A were determined. The molecular phenomenon of DAA resistance is paramount in the development of HCV drug candidates. RAASs in NS3, NS5A, and NS5B reduce the susceptibility to DAAs; therefore, continuous RAAS-dependent resistance profiling in HCV is recommended to minimize the probability of DAA therapeutic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asrar Izhari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65522, Saudi Arabia
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Alhetheel AF. Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells on the Immune System. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2021.810231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C is a worldwide liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The virus causes acute and chronic liver inflammation, and it is transmitted mainly by exposure to contaminated blood. HCV is capable of infecting hepatocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, causing complications and disease progression. This mini review provides an overview of HCV infection, including details on the virological aspects, infection of the immune cells, and its impact on the immune system.
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Ribeiro IG, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Fradico JRB, Costa-Rocha IAD, Silva LD, Fonseca LADS, Stancioli RCS, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira R. Remodeling of immunological biomarkers in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antiviral therapy. Antiviral Res 2021; 190:105073. [PMID: 33887350 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The HCV treatment with DAAs has offered a unique opportunity to analyze the changes in the immune system caused by the rapid inhibition of viral replication. We sought to analyze the kinetics profiles of serum biomarkers (LuminexTM) in fifty patients with chronic hepatitis C enrolled in a longitudinal investigation carried out before (baseline), during (W2-4 and W8-12 weeks) and post-treatment (W12-24 weeks) with sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir or simeprevir. The results demonstrated a clear biomarker overproduction in HCV patients at baseline. The kinetics timeline of baseline fold changes upon DAAs treatment revealed an early decline of CXCL8, CCL4, IL-6, IL-15, IL-17, IL-9, GM-CSF and IL-7 at W8-12 and a late shift towards lower levels of CCL3, CCL2, CCL5, IL1β, TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL1-Ra, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, PDGF, VEGF, G-CSF at W12-24. Our data demonstrated that HCV treatment with DAAs resulted in a clear change of the serum biomarker overproduction, hallmark of untreated HCV patients. High ALT (>69U/L), low platelet (≤150,000/mm3) and cirrhosis status at baseline were factors related to delayed immune response shift, as well as, in the kinetics of baseline fold changes in serum biomarkers. These findings added novel evidences for the immunological restoration process triggered by DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Gomes Ribeiro
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordana Rodrigues Barbosa Fradico
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ismael Artur da Costa-Rocha
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Diniz Silva
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucy Ana Dos Santos Fonseca
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa Carvalho Said Stancioli
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rosângela Teixeira
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas da Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital Das Clínicas / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Winckler FC, Braz AMM, Silva VND, Golim MDA, Andrade VGD, Machado PEDA, Silveira LVDA, Silva GF. Influence of the inflammatory response on treatment of hepatitis C with triple therapy. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 51:731-736. [PMID: 30517525 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0137-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic hepatitis C is a leading cause of liver disease. Infection triggers an immediate immune response in the host that is mediated by humoral/cellular mechanisms. T cells respond to infection via secretion of cytokines, which inhibit or stimulate one another, leading to cytokine imbalance and ultimately affecting treatment. Studies using interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) showed that TCD8+ cells and cytokine levels are associated with sustainable virological response (SVR). However, studies that investigated the effects of triple therapy (TT) are limited. METHODS The study included hepatitis C virus (HCV)+ RNA, naives, genotype 1, ≥18 years, and advanced fibrosis (F≥3) patients. Samples were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks (W12) of TT. Six cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Of 31 patients, four were excluded (two deaths, one interrupted TT, and one F2 patient). Of the 27 remaining patients, 21 (78%) were cirrhotic. SVR was achieved in 63% of the patients. The patients had a mean age of 55.11 ± 10.03 years. Analyses at baseline showed that the chemokine CCL5/Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) (p=0.04) and interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.02), which was associated with SVR. RANTES (p=0.04) and IL-8 (p=0.01) levels were associated with SVR at W12. CONCLUSIONS Similar to patterns observed during double therapy, IL-6, IL-8, and RANTES levels were associated with SVR in TT, indicating the potential role of interferon in immune response to hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cristina Winckler
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Aline Marcia Marques Braz
- Laboratório de Citometria de Fluxo, Hemocentro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Nogueira da Silva
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Marjorie de Assis Golim
- Laboratório de Citometria de Fluxo, Hemocentro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Gutierrez de Andrade
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Eduardo de Abreu Machado
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.,Laboratório de Citometria de Fluxo, Hemocentro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Giovanni Faria Silva
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Menezes EG, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Cardoso LM, Lopes-Ribeiro Á, Jonathan-Gonçalves J, Porto Gonçalves MT, Cambraia RD, Soares EB, Silva LD, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Rios M, Chancey C, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Teixeira R. Strategies for serum chemokine/cytokine assessment as biomarkers of therapeutic response in HCV patients as a prototype to monitor immunotherapy of infectious diseases. Antiviral Res 2017; 141:19-28. [PMID: 28163109 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, strategies for serum biomarker assessment were developed for therapeutic monitoring of HCV patients. For this purpose, serum chemokine/cytokine levels were measured by cytometric-bead-array in HCV patients, categorized according to immunotherapy response as: non-responder/NR, relapser/REL and sustained-virologic-responder/SVR. The results demonstrated an overall increase of serum chemokine/cytokine levels in HCV patients. In general, therapeutic failure was associated with presence of a predominant baseline proinflammatory pattern with enhanced CCL5/RANTES, IFN-α, IFN-γ along with decreased IL-10 levels in NR and increased IL-6 and TNF in REL. SVR displayed lower baseline proinflammatory status with decreased CXCL8/IL-8, IL-12 and IL-17 levels. The inability to uphold IFN-α levels during immunotherapy was characteristic of NR. Serum chemokine/cytokine signatures further support the deleterious effect of proinflammatory baseline status and the critical role of increased/persistent IFN-α levels to guarantee the sustained virologic response. The prominent baseline proinflammatory milieu observed in NR and REL yielded a restricted biomarker network with small number of neighborhood connections, whereas SVR displayed a network with integrated cytokine connectivity. Noteworthy was that SVR presented a shift towards a proinflammatory pattern upon immunotherapy, assuming a pattern similar to that observed in NR and REL at baseline. Moreover, the immunotherapy guided REL towards a profile similar to SVR at baseline. Analysis of baseline-fold changes during treatment pointed out IFN-α and TNF as high-performance biomarkers to monitor immunotherapy outcome. This knowledge may contribute for novel insights into the treatment and control of the continuous public health threat posed by HCV infection worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Godinho Menezes
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ludmila Melo Cardoso
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ágata Lopes-Ribeiro
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juan Jonathan-Gonçalves
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio Porto Gonçalves
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dias Cambraia
- Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eric Bassetti Soares
- Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana Diniz Silva
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Rios
- Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research - US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Caren Chancey
- Center for Biologics and Evaluation Research - US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Teixeira
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde do Adulto, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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de Souza-Cruz S, Victória MB, Tarragô AM, da Costa AG, Pimentel JPD, Pires EF, Araújo LDP, Coelho-dos-Reis JG, Gomes MDS, Amaral LR, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Victória FDS, Malheiro A. Liver and blood cytokine microenvironment in HCV patients is associated to liver fibrosis score: a proinflammatory cytokine ensemble orchestrated by TNF and tuned by IL-10. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:3. [PMID: 26742960 PMCID: PMC4705620 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we have evaluated the immunological status of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients aiming at identifying putative biomarkers associated with distinct degrees of liver fibrosis. Peripheral blood and tissue T-cells as well as cytokine levels were quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS Data analysis demonstrated higher frequency of circulating CD8(+) T-cells and Tregs along with a mixed proinflammatory/IL-10-modulated cytokine pattern in HCV patients. Patients with severe liver fibrosis presented lower frequency of circulating CD8(+) T-cells, higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, but lower levels of IL-10, in addition to the higher viral load. Despite the lower frequency of intrahepatic T-cells and scarce frequency of Tregs, patients with severe liver fibrosis showed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF and IFN-γ). The tissue proinflammatory cytokine pattern supported further studies of serum cytokines as relevant biomarkers associated with different liver fibrosis scores. Serum cytokine signature showed that mild liver fibrosis is associated with higher IL-10 serum levels as compared to severe liver disease. There was a clear positive connection of IL-10 with the TNF node in patients with mild liver fibrosis, whereas there is an evident inverse correlation between IL-10 with all other cytokine nodes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the absence of modulatory events in patients with severe liver damage as opposed to mild fibrosis. Machine-learning data mining pointed out TNF and IL-10 as major attributes to differentiate HCV patients from non-infected individuals with highest performance. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that HCV infection triggers a local and systemic cytokine ensemble orchestrated by TNF and tuned by IL-10 in such a manner that mirrors the liver fibrosis score, which highly suggests the relevance of these set of biomarkers for clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soriane de Souza-Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brazil. .,Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - Hemoam, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Marilú Barbieri Victória
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Manaus, AM, Brazil. .,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado - FMT-HVD, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Andréa Monteiro Tarragô
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brazil. .,Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - Hemoam, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Allyson Guimarães da Costa
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - Hemoam, Manaus, AM, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Manaus, AM, Brazil. .,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado - FMT-HVD, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Diniz Pimentel
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - Hemoam, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Ericka Florêncio Pires
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - Hemoam, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Lorene de Paula Araújo
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - Hemoam, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Jordana Grazziela Coelho-dos-Reis
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Monitoring, René Rachou Research Center - FIOCRUZ/MG, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, CEP 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Matheus de Souza Gomes
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Analysis - INGEB / FACOM, Federal University of Uberlandia, Campus Patos de Minas, Major Jerônimo, 566, Lab 602, Patos de Minas, CEP 38700-002, MG, Brazil.
| | - Laurence Rodrigues Amaral
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Analysis - INGEB / FACOM, Federal University of Uberlandia, Campus Patos de Minas, Major Jerônimo, 566, Lab 602, Patos de Minas, CEP 38700-002, MG, Brazil.
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Monitoring, René Rachou Research Center - FIOCRUZ/MG, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, CEP 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Monitoring, René Rachou Research Center - FIOCRUZ/MG, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, CEP 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Flamir da Silva Victória
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Manaus, AM, Brazil. .,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado - FMT-HVD, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brazil. .,Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - Hemoam, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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7
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Tarragô AM, da Costa AG, Pimentel JPD, Gomes STM, Freitas FB, Lalwani P, de Araújo ARS, Victória FDS, Victória MB, Vallinoto ACR, Sadahiro A, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Malheiro A. Combined impact of hepatitis C virus genotype 1 and interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α polymorphisms on serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Brazilian HCV-infected patients. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:1075-83. [PMID: 25193024 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.08.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and host cytokine gene polymorphisms and serum cytokine levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17A levels were measured in 67 HCV patients (68.2% genotype 1 [G1]) and 47 healthy controls. The HCV patients had higher IL-6, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-17A levels than the controls. HCV G1 patients had higher IL-2 and IFN-γ levels than G2 patients. The -174IL6G>C, -308TNFαG>A, and -1082IL10A>G variants were similarly distributed in both groups. However, HCV patients with the -174IL6GC variant had higher IL-2 and IFN-γ levels than patients with the GG and CC variants. Additionally, HCV patients with the -308TNFαGG genotype had higher IL-17A levels than patients with the AG genotype, whereas patients with the -1082IL10GG variant had higher IL-6 levels than patients with the AA and AG variants. A significant proportion of HCV patients had high levels of both IL-2 and IFN-γ. The subgroup of HCV patients with the G1/IL6CG/TNFαGG association displayed the highest proportions of high producers of IL-2 and IFN-γ whereas the subgroup with the G1/TNFαGG profile showed high proportions of high producers of IL-6 and IL-17A. HCV patients with other HCV/cytokine genotype associations showed no particular cytokine profile. Our results suggest that HCV genotype G1 and IL-6 and TNF-α polymorphisms have a clinically relevant influence on serum pro-inflammatory cytokine profile (IL-2 and IFN-γ) in HCV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Monteiro Tarragô
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 3000, Rodrigo Otávio Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil; Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - HEMOAM, 3497 Constantino Nery Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 3000, Rodrigo Otávio Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil; Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - HEMOAM, 3497 Constantino Nery Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil; Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, 25 Pedro Teixeira Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Diniz Pimentel
- Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - HEMOAM, 3497 Constantino Nery Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - FIOCRUZ-Amazônia, 476 Terezina St., Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pritesh Lalwani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 3000, Rodrigo Otávio Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ana Ruth S de Araújo
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, 25 Pedro Teixeira Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Flamir da Silva Victória
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, 25 Pedro Teixeira Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Marilú Barbieri Victória
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, 25 Pedro Teixeira Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Aya Sadahiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 3000, Rodrigo Otávio Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, 2936 André Araújo Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - FIOCRUZ-Minas, 1715 Augusto de Lima Av., Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Malheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 3000, Rodrigo Otávio Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil; Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - HEMOAM, 3497 Constantino Nery Av., Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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