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Hu Y, Pan R, Wang Y, Ma M, Peng Y, Fan W, Zhang R, Nian H, Zhu J. Daphne genkwa: Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106089. [PMID: 38906384 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Daphne genkwa, as a traditional medicine, is widely distributed in China, Korea and Vietnam. In China, the dried flower buds of this plant are named "Yuanhua". It has the ability to effectively promote urination, eliminate phlegm and alleviate cough, eliminate parasites and cure of scabies, with a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects and considerable clinical efficacy. This paper provides a summary and classification of the main chemical constituents of D. genkwa based on a review of relevant domestic and foreign literature. It also outlines the current research status of traditional clinical usage, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of D. genkwa. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for further study of D. genkwa and its potential new clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Department of Pharmacy Research, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Rongrong Pan
- Department of Pharmacy Research, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Minghua Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Department of Pharmacy Research, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Weiqing Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Research, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Hua Nian
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Jianyong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Department of Pharmacy Research, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
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Tuladhar A, Shaver JC, McGee WA, Yu K, Dorn J, Horne JL, Alhamad DW, Hagan ML, Cooley MA, Zhong R, Bollag W, Johnson M, Hamrick MW, McGee-Lawrence ME. Prkd1 regulates the formation and repair of plasma membrane disruptions (PMD) in osteocytes. Bone 2024; 186:117147. [PMID: 38866124 PMCID: PMC11246118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
We and others have seen that osteocytes sense high-impact osteogenic mechanical loading via transient plasma membrane disruptions (PMDs) which initiate downstream mechanotransduction. However, a PMD must be repaired for the cell to survive this wounding event. Previous work suggested that the protein Prkd1 (also known as PKCμ) may be a critical component of this PMD repair process, but the specific role of Prkd1 in osteocyte mechanobiology had not yet been tested. We treated MLO-Y4 osteocytes with Prkd1 inhibitors (Go6976, kbNB 142-70, staurosporine) and generated an osteocyte-targeted (Dmp1-Cre) Prkd1 conditional knockout (CKO) mouse. PMD repair rate was measured via laser wounding and FM1-43 dye uptake, PMD formation and post-wounding survival were assessed via fluid flow shear stress (50 dyn/cm2), and in vitro osteocyte mechanotransduction was assessed via measurement of calcium signaling. To test the role of osteocyte Prkd1 in vivo, Prkd1 CKO and their wildtype (WT) littermates were subjected to 2 weeks of unilateral axial tibial loading and loading-induced changes in cortical bone mineral density, geometry, and formation were measured. Prkd1 inhibition or genetic deletion slowed osteocyte PMD repair rate and impaired post-wounding cell survival. These effects could largely be rescued by treating osteocytes with the FDA-approved synthetic copolymer Poloxamer 188 (P188), which was previously shown to facilitate membrane resealing and improve efficiency in the repair rate of PMD in skeletal muscle myocytes. In vivo, while both WT and Prkd1 CKO mice demonstrated anabolic responses to tibial loading, the magnitude of loading-induced increases in tibial BMD, cortical thickness, and periosteal mineralizing surface were blunted in Prkd1 CKO as compared to WT mice. Prkd1 CKO mice also tended to show a smaller relative difference in the number of osteocyte PMD in loaded limbs and showed greater lacunar vacancy, suggestive of impaired post-wounding osteocyte survival. While P188 treatment rescued loading-induced increases in BMD in the Prkd1 CKO mice, it surprisingly further suppressed loading-induced increases in cortical bone thickness and cortical bone formation. Taken together, these data suggest that Prkd1 may play a pivotal role in the regulation and repair of the PMD response in osteocytes and support the idea that PMD repair processes can be pharmacologically targeted to modulate downstream responses, but suggest limited utility of PMD repair-promoting P188 in improving bone anabolic responses to loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Tuladhar
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Joseph C Shaver
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Wesley A McGee
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kanglun Yu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Dorn
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - J Luke Horne
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Dima W Alhamad
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie L Hagan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Marion A Cooley
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Roger Zhong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at AugustaUniversity, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Wendy Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Maribeth Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at AugustaUniversity, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America.
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Mi H, Zhang P, Yao L, Gao H, Wei F, Lu T, Ma S. Identification of Daphne genkwa and Its Vinegar-Processed Products by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103990. [PMID: 37241730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Crude herbs of Daphne genkwa (CHDG) are often used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat scabies baldness, carbuncles, and chilblain owing to their significant purgation and curative effects. The most common technique for processing DG involves the use of vinegar to reduce the toxicity of CHDG and enhance its clinical efficacy. Vinegar-processed DG (VPDG) is used as an internal medicine to treat chest and abdominal water accumulation, phlegm accumulation, asthma, and constipation, among other diseases. In this study, the changes in the chemical composition of CHDG after vinegar processing and the inner components of the changed curative effects were elucidated using optimized ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Untargeted metabolomics, based on multivariate statistical analyses, was also used to profile differences between CHDG and VPDG. Eight marker compounds were identified using orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis, which indicated significant differences between CHDG and VPDG. The concentrations of apigenin-7-O-β-d-methylglucuronate and hydroxygenkwanin were considerably higher in VPDG than those in CHDG, whereas the amounts of caffeic acid, quercetin, tiliroside, naringenin, genkwanines O, and orthobenzoate 2 were significantly lower. The obtained results can indicate the transformation mechanisms of certain changed compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to employ mass spectrometry to detect the marker components of CHDG and VPDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Mi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Lingwen Yao
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Tulin Lu
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Research and Inspection Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products Administration, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Beijing 102629, China
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Zhou DC, Zheng G, Jia LY, He X, Zhang CF, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Comprehensive evaluation on anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities in vitro of fourteen flavonoids from Daphne Genkwa based on the combination of efficacy coefficient method and principal component analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113683. [PMID: 33301910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Genkwa flos, as a traditional herb, is the dried flower buds of Daphne genkwa Sieb.et Zucc. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, sore throats, edema. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to explore a new mathematical method for multivariate evaluation, investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities of flavonoids in Daphne Genkwa under ex vivo conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The flavonoids monomers in Daphne Genkwa were separated by preparative liquid chromatography and identified by HPLC-ESI-ITMS. An in vitro inflammatory model of macrophage RAW264.7 induced by LPS and an angiogenesis model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by TNF-α were established. Flavonoids were extracted and prepared for intervention to detect the amount of secretion after drug intervention to reflect the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities of each component. In addition, a new mathematical method, which combined principal component analysis and efficacy coefficient method, was adopted in pharmacodynamic evaluation. RESULTS Fourteen flavonoids monomers were separated by preparative liquid chromatography and identified by HPLC-ESI-ITMS including H1 (hydroxygenkwanin-5-O-β-D-glucoside), H2 (apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside), H3 (kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside), H4 (hydroxygenkwanin-5-O-β-D-primeveroside), H5 (apigenin-5-O-β-D-primeveroside), H6 (apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide), H7 (luteolin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), H8 (genkwain-5-O-β-D- glucoside), H9 (luteolin), H10 (Daphnodorin G), H11 (tiliroside), H12 (apigenin), H13 (3'- hydroxygenkwain) and H14 (genkwanin). We found that most of flavonoids down-regulated VCAM and MMP-3, while H1, H8, H9, H14 reduced VEGF and ICAM was only decreased by H14. CONCLUSION Genkwanin may be the most active anti-rheumatoid arthritis flavonoids in Daphne genkwa. Meanwhile, the new mathematical method used in the study provided a new direction for solving the problem of multi-index pharmacodynamic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Cui Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Guo Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Li-Ying Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Xin He
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Roy A, Ye J, Deng F, Wang QJ. Protein kinase D signaling in cancer: A friend or foe? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:283-294. [PMID: 28577984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D is a family of evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinases that belongs to the Ca++/Calmodulin-dependent kinase superfamily. Signal transduction pathways mediated by PKD can be triggered by a variety of stimuli including G protein-coupled receptor agonists, growth factors, hormones, and cellular stresses. The regulatory mechanisms and physiological roles of PKD have been well documented including cell proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis, regulation of gene expression, and protein/membrane trafficking. However, its precise roles in disease progression, especially in cancer, remain elusive. A plethora of studies documented the cell- and tissue-specific expressions and functions of PKD in various cancer-associated biological processes, while the causes of the differential effects of PKD have not been thoroughly investigated. In this review, we have discussed the structural-functional properties, activation mechanisms, signaling pathways and physiological functions of PKD in the context of human cancer. Additionally, we have provided a comprehensive review of the reported tumor promoting or tumor suppressive functions of PKD in several major cancer types and discussed the discrepancies that have been raised on PKD as a major regulator of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhiraj Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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