1
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Kawai A, Noda M, Hirata H, Munakata L, Matsuda T, Omata D, Takemura N, Onoe S, Hirose M, Kato T, Saitoh T, Hirai T, Suzuki R, Yoshioka Y. Lipid Nanoparticle with 1,2-Di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane as a Component Lipid Confers Potent Responses of Th1 Cells and Antibody against Vaccine Antigen. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16589-16609. [PMID: 38885198 PMCID: PMC11223497 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvants are effective tools to enhance vaccine efficacy and control the type of immune responses such as antibody and T helper 1 (Th1)- or Th2-type responses. Several studies suggest that interferon (IFN)-γ-producing Th1 cells play a significant role against infections caused by intracellular bacteria and viruses; however, only a few adjuvants can induce a strong Th1-type immune response. Recently, several studies have shown that lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can be used as vaccine adjuvants and that each LNP has a different adjuvant activity. In this study, we screened LNPs to develop an adjuvant that can induce Th1 cells and antibodies using a conventional influenza split vaccine (SV) as an antigen in mice. We observed that LNP with 1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTMA) as a component lipid (DOTMA-LNP) elicited robust SV-specific IgG1 and IgG2 responses compared with SV alone in mice and was as efficient as SV adjuvanted with other adjuvants in mice. Furthermore, DOTMA-LNPs induced robust IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells without inflammatory responses compared to those of other adjuvants, which conferred strong cross-protection in mice. We also demonstrated the high versatility of DOTMA-LNP as a Th1 cell-inducing vaccine adjuvant using vaccine antigens derived from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Our findings suggest the potential of DOTMA-LNP as a safe and effective Th1 cell-inducing adjuvant and show that LNP formulations are potentially potent adjuvants to enhance the effectiveness of other subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawai
- Laboratory
of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research
Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Noda
- Laboratory
of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research
Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruki Hirata
- Laboratory
of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research
Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lisa Munakata
- Laboratory
of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Teppei Matsuda
- Laboratory
of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research
Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daiki Omata
- Laboratory
of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Naoki Takemura
- Laboratory
of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sakura Onoe
- Institute
for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mika Hirose
- Institute
for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Institute
for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center
for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saitoh
- Laboratory
of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center
for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, 3-1
Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Global
Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 3-1
Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Laboratory
of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research
Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Laboratory
of Drug and Gene Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory
of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research
Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center
for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center
for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, 3-1
Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Global
Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 3-1
Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Vaccine
Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of
Osaka University, 3-1
Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Guallar-Garrido S, Soldati T. Exploring host-pathogen interactions in the Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum infection model of tuberculosis. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050698. [PMID: 39037280 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic mycobacterium that causes tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a significant global health concern that poses numerous clinical challenges, particularly in terms of finding effective treatments for patients. Throughout evolution, host immune cells have developed cell-autonomous defence strategies to restrain and eliminate mycobacteria. Concurrently, mycobacteria have evolved an array of virulence factors to counteract these host defences, resulting in a dynamic interaction between host and pathogen. Here, we review recent findings, including those arising from the use of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum as a model to investigate key mycobacterial infection pathways. D. discoideum serves as a scalable and genetically tractable model for human phagocytes, providing valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions. We also highlight certain similarities between M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum, and the use of M. marinum to more safely investigate mycobacteria in D. discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Guallar-Garrido
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, Science II, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, Science II, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
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3
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Tricomi J, Aoun M, Xu B, Holmdahl R, Richichi B. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Gal-α-(1→3)-Gal-β-(1→3)-GlcNAc Trisaccharide: a new Ligand for DCAR and Mincle C-Type Lectin Receptors. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400026. [PMID: 38506247 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we have discovered that the Gal-α-(1→3)-Gal-β-(1→3)-GlcNAc trisaccharide, a fragment of the B antigen Type-1, is a new ligand of two C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) i. e. DCAR and Mincle which are key players in different types of autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, we report here on a straightforward methodology to access pure Gal-α-(1→3)-Gal-β-(1→3)-GlcNAc trisaccharide. A spacer with a terminal primary amine group was included at the reducing end of the GlcNAc residue thus ensuring the further functionalization of the trisaccharide Gal-α-(1→3)-Gal-β-(1→3)-GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Tricomi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto, Fiorentino (Firenze, Italy
| | - Mike Aoun
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bingze Xu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto, Fiorentino (Firenze, Italy
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4
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Shima Y, Masuda T, Miwa N, Kida Y, Koketsu R, Kamiryo H, Sakurai T, Tada K. Monocytes predict prognosis and successful treatment in older patients with miliary tuberculosis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 35:100437. [PMID: 38617836 PMCID: PMC11010963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing number of patients with miliary tuberculosis (MTB) is a concern in an aging society because of its high mortality rate. Several prognostic biomarkers for MTB have been identified; however, the predictive ability of monocytes as biomarkers remains unknown. This study demonstrates the usefulness of monocytes as prognostic biomarkers for MTB. Materials and methods We retrospectively compared the clinical findings of 52 patients with MTB hospitalized between April 2013 and October 2021. The predictive ability of biomarkers for 3-month prognosis and their cutoff values were calculated. Survival times and longitudinal changes in monocytes after initiating treatment were compared. Results A smaller number of monocytes (#M), higher lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), higher neutrophil-monocyte ratio, and poorer performance status were associated with death within 3 months. #M was an independent prognostic factor. #M and LMR exhibited the highest predictive performance compared to others using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve = 0.86 and 0.85, respectively). Survival time was shorter in patients with #M ≤ 200 cells/μL and LMR > 2.5. Rapidly increasing #M after treatment was related to better prognosis in patients with #M ≤ 200 cells/μL at diagnosis. Conclusions #M at diagnosis and longitudinal changes in monocytes are related to MTB prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nanako Miwa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoko Kida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rikiya Koketsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamiryo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kimihide Tada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
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5
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Reis E Sousa C, Yamasaki S, Brown GD. Myeloid C-type lectin receptors in innate immune recognition. Immunity 2024; 57:700-717. [PMID: 38599166 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by myeloid cells constitute a versatile family of receptors that play a key role in innate immune recognition. Myeloid CLRs exhibit a remarkable ability to recognize an extensive array of ligands, from carbohydrates and beyond, and encompass pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and markers of altered self. These receptors, classified into distinct subgroups, play pivotal roles in immune recognition and modulation of immune responses. Their intricate signaling pathways orchestrate a spectrum of cellular responses, influencing processes such as phagocytosis, cytokine production, and antigen presentation. Beyond their contributions to host defense in viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, myeloid CLRs have been implicated in non-infectious diseases such as cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity. A nuanced understanding of myeloid CLR interactions with endogenous and microbial triggers is starting to uncover the context-dependent nature of their roles in innate immunity, with implications for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caetano Reis E Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, UK.
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Gordon D Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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6
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Swarnkar G, Semenkovich NP, Arra M, Mims DK, Naqvi SK, Peterson T, Mbalaviele G, Wu CL, Abu-Amer Y. DNA hypomethylation ameliorates erosive inflammatory arthritis by modulating interferon regulatory factor-8. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310264121. [PMID: 38319963 PMCID: PMC10873594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310264121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory arthritis. DNA hypomethylating agents, such as decitabine (DAC), have been shown to dampen inflammation and restore immune homeostasis. In the present study, we demonstrate that DAC elicits potent anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates disease symptoms in several animal models of arthritis. Transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling show that DAC-mediated hypomethylation regulates a wide range of cell types in arthritis, altering the differentiation trajectories of anti-inflammatory macrophage populations, regulatory T cells, and tissue-protective synovial fibroblasts (SFs). Mechanistically, DAC-mediated demethylation of intragenic 5'-Cytosine phosphate Guanine-3' (CpG) islands of the transcription factor Irf8 (interferon regulatory factor 8) induced its re-expression and promoted its repressor activity. As a result, DAC restored joint homeostasis by resetting the transcriptomic signature of negative regulators of inflammation in synovial macrophages (MerTK, Trem2, and Cx3cr1), TREGs (Foxp3), and SFs (Pdpn and Fapα). In conclusion, we found that Irf8 is necessary for the inhibitory effect of DAC in murine arthritis and that direct expression of Irf8 is sufficient to significantly mitigate arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Swarnkar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | | | - Manoj Arra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Dorothy K. Mims
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Syeda Kanwal Naqvi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Timothy Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- HealthSpan Technologies, Inc, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Performance, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY14642
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO63110
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7
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Rahlwes KC, Dias BR, Campos PC, Alvarez-Arguedas S, Shiloh MU. Pathogenicity and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Virulence 2023; 14:2150449. [PMID: 36419223 PMCID: PMC9817126 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2150449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious disease with one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Leveraging its highly evolved repertoire of non-protein and protein virulence factors, Mtb invades through the airway, subverts host immunity, establishes its survival niche, and ultimately escapes in the setting of active disease to initiate another round of infection in a naive host. In this review, we will provide a concise synopsis of the infectious life cycle of Mtb and its clinical and epidemiologic significance. We will also take stock of its virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms that modulate host immunity and facilitate its spread. Developing a greater understanding of the interface between Mtb virulence factors and host defences will enable progress toward improved vaccines and therapeutics to prevent and treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C. Rahlwes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz R.S. Dias
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Priscila C. Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Alvarez-Arguedas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael U. Shiloh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,CONTACT Michael U. Shiloh
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8
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Chiu CH, Tan JJY, Mondal S, Lin CH, Mong KKT. Sulfoglycolipids and Related Analogues of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Studies. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300399. [PMID: 37788979 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis as one major threat to human health, which has been deteriorated owing to the emerging multidrug resistance. Mtb contains a complex lipophilic cell wall structure that is important for bacterial persistence. Among the lipid components, sulfoglycolipids (SGLs), known to induce immune cell responses, are composed of a trehalose core attached with a conserved sulfate group and 1-4 fatty acyl chains in an asymmetric pattern. At least one of these acyl chains is polymethylated with 3-12 methyl branches. Although Mtb SGL can be isolated from bacterial culture, resulting SGL is still a homologous mixture, impeding accurate research studies. This up-to-date review covers the chemical synthesis and immunological studies of Mtb SGLs and structural analogues, with an emphasis on the development of new glycosylation methods and the asymmetric synthesis of polymethylated scaffolds. Both are critical to advance further research on biological functions of these complicated SGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsin Chiu
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan (China
| | - Janet Jia-Yin Tan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, 11529, Taiwan (China
| | - Soumik Mondal
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan (China
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, 11529, Taiwan (China
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (China
| | - Kwok-Kong Tony Mong
- Applied Chemistry Department, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan (China
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9
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Jani C, Solomon SL, Peters JM, Pringle SC, Hinman AE, Boucau J, Bryson BD, Barczak AK. TLR2 is non-redundant in the population and subpopulation responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and in vivo. mSystems 2023; 8:e0005223. [PMID: 37439558 PMCID: PMC10506474 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00052-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a global health threat. Targeting host pathways that modulate protective or harmful components of inflammation has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy that could aid sterilization or mitigate TB-associated permanent tissue damage. In purified form, many Mtb components can activate innate immune pathways. However, knowledge of the pathways that contribute most to the observed response to live Mtb is incomplete, limiting the possibility of precise intervention. We took a systematic, unbiased approach to define the pathways that drive the earliest immune response to Mtb. Using a macrophage model of infection, we compared the bulk transcriptional response to infection with the response to a panel of Mtb-derived putative innate immune ligands. We identified two axes of response: an NF-kB-dependent response similarly elicited by all Mtb pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and a type I interferon axis unique to cells infected with live Mtb. Consistent with growing literature data pointing to TLR2 as a dominant Mtb-associated PAMP, the TLR2 ligand PIM6 most closely approximated the NF-kB-dependent response to the intact bacterium. Quantitatively, the macrophage response to Mtb was slower and weaker than the response to purified PIM6. On a subpopulation level, the TLR2-dependent response was heterogeneously induced, with only a subset of infected cells expressing key inflammatory genes known to contribute to the control of infection. Despite potential redundancies in Mtb ligand/innate immune receptor interactions during in vivo infection, loss of the TLR2/PIM6 interaction impacted the cellular composition of both the innate and adaptive compartments. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death globally. Drug resistance is outpacing new antibiotic discovery, and even after successful treatment, individuals are often left with permanent lung damage from the negative consequences of inflammation. Targeting host inflammatory pathways has been proposed as an approach that could either improve sterilization or improve post-treatment lung health. However, our understanding of the inflammatory pathways triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in infected cells and lungs is incomplete, in part because of the complex array of potential molecular interactions between bacterium and host. Here, we take an unbiased approach to identify the pathways most central to the host response to Mtb. We examine how individual pathways are triggered differently by purified Mtb products or infection with the live bacterium and consider how these pathways inform the emergence of subpopulation responses in cell culture and in infected mice. Understanding how individual interactions and immune pathways contribute to inflammation in TB opens the door to the possibility of developing precise therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charul Jani
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sydney L. Solomon
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua M. Peters
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Amelia E. Hinman
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryan D. Bryson
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy K. Barczak
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- The Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Ishizuka S, van Dijk JHM, Kawakita T, Miyamoto Y, Maeda Y, Goto M, Le Calvez G, Groot LM, Witte MD, Minnaard AJ, van der Marel GA, Ato M, Nagae M, Codée JDC, Yamasaki S. PGL-III, a Rare Intermediate of Mycobacterium leprae Phenolic Glycolipid Biosynthesis, Is a Potent Mincle Ligand. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1388-1399. [PMID: 37521780 PMCID: PMC10375886 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Although leprosy (Hansen's disease) is one of the oldest known diseases, the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) remains enigmatic. Indeed, the cell wall components responsible for the immune response against M. leprae are as yet largely unidentified. We reveal here phenolic glycolipid-III (PGL-III) as an M. leprae-specific ligand for the immune receptor Mincle. PGL-III is a scarcely present trisaccharide intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway to PGL-I, an abundant and characteristic M. leprae glycolipid. Using activity-based purification, we identified PGL-III as a Mincle ligand that is more potent than the well-known M. tuberculosis trehalose dimycolate. The cocrystal structure of Mincle and a synthetic PGL-III analogue revealed a unique recognition mode, implying that it can engage multiple Mincle molecules. In Mincle-deficient mice infected with M. leprae, increased bacterial burden with gross pathologies were observed. These results show that PGL-III is a noncanonical ligand recognized by Mincle, triggering protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenari Ishizuka
- Department
of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory
of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - J. Hessel M. van Dijk
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tomomi Kawakita
- Department
of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department
of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Yumi Maeda
- Department
of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Masamichi Goto
- Department
of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate
School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Guillaume Le Calvez
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L. Melanie Groot
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Witte
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manabu Ato
- Department
of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department
of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory
of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department
of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory
of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center
for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University (CiDER), 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Wood PL, Erol E. Construction of a Bacterial Lipidomics Analytical Platform: Pilot Validation with Bovine Paratuberculosis Serum. Metabolites 2023; 13:809. [PMID: 37512516 PMCID: PMC10383236 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics analyses of bacteria offer the potential to detect and monitor infections in a host since many bacterial lipids are not present in mammals. To evaluate this omics approach, we first built a database of bacterial lipids for representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Our lipidomics analysis of the reference bacteria involved high-resolution mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization with less than a 1.0 ppm mass error. The lipidomics profiles of bacterial cultures clearly distinguished between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In the case of bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) serum, we monitored two unique bacterial lipids that we also monitored in Mycobacterium avian subspecies PTB. These were PDIM-B C82, a phthiodiolone dimycocerosate, and the trehalose monomycolate hTMM 28:1, constituents of the bacterial cell envelope in mycolic-containing bacteria. The next step will be to determine if lipidomics can detect subclinical PTB infections which can last 2-to-4 years in bovine PTB. Our data further suggest that it will be worthwhile to continue building our bacterial lipidomics database and investigate the further utility of this approach in other infections of veterinary and human clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Wood
- Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA
| | - Erdal Erol
- Department of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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12
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Stellas D, Karaliota S, Stravokefalou V, Angel M, Nagy BA, Goldfarbmuren KC, Bergamaschi C, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN. Tumor eradication by hetIL-15 locoregional therapy correlates with an induced intratumoral CD103 intCD11b + dendritic cell population. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112501. [PMID: 37178117 PMCID: PMC10758290 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Locoregional monotherapy with heterodimeric interleukin (IL)-15 (hetIL-15) in a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) orthotopic mouse model resulted in tumor eradication in 40% of treated mice, reduction of metastasis, and induction of immunological memory against breast cancer cells. hetIL-15 re-shaped the tumor microenvironment by promoting the intratumoral accumulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes, conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s), and a dendritic cell (DC) population expressing both CD103 and CD11b markers. These CD103intCD11b+DCs share phenotypic and gene expression characteristics with both cDC1s and cDC2s, have transcriptomic profiles more similar to monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs), and correlate with tumor regression. Therefore, hetIL-15, a cytokine directly affecting lymphocytes and inducing cytotoxic cells, also has an indirect rapid and significant effect on the recruitment of myeloid cells, initiating a cascade for tumor elimination through innate and adoptive immune mechanisms. The intratumoral CD103intCD11b+DC population induced by hetIL-15 may be targeted for the development of additional cancer immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Stellas
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Sevasti Karaliota
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Vasiliki Stravokefalou
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Matthew Angel
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Bethany A Nagy
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Katherine C Goldfarbmuren
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Cristina Bergamaschi
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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13
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Watanabe M, Motooka D, Yamasaki S. The kinetics of signaling through the common FcRγ chain determine cytokine profiles in dendritic cells. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabn9909. [PMID: 36881655 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn9909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The common Fc receptor γ (FcRγ) chain is a signaling subunit common to several immune receptors, but cellular responses induced by FcRγ-coupled receptors are diverse. We investigated the mechanisms by which FcRγ generates divergent signals when coupled to Dectin-2 and Mincle, structurally similar C-type lectin receptors that induce the release of different cytokines from dendritic cells. Chronological tracing of transcriptomic and epigenetic changes upon stimulation revealed that Dectin-2 induced early and strong signaling, whereas Mincle-mediated signaling was delayed, which reflects their expression patterns. Generation of early and strong FcRγ-Syk signaling by engineered chimeric receptors was sufficient to recapitulate a Dectin-2-like gene expression profile. Early Syk signaling selectively stimulated the activity of the calcium ion-activated transcription factor NFAT, which rapidly altered the chromatin status and transcription of the Il2 gene. In contrast, proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, were induced regardless of FcRγ signaling kinetics. These results suggest that the strength and timing of FcRγ-Syk signaling can alter the quality of cellular responses through kinetics-sensing signaling machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Division of Molecular Design, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
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14
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Guenther C, Watanabe M, Yamasaki S. Immunomodulatory Functions of Glycolipids from Pathogens. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:23-31. [PMID: 36587068 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The cell envelopes of pathogens comprise a wealth of unique glycolipids, which are important modulators of the host immune responses during infection and in some cases have been used as adjuvants. Despite this abundant basic knowledge, the identities of the host immune receptors for mycobacterial lipids have long been elusive (Ishikawa et al., Trends Immunol 38:66-76, 2017). We describe the method of how to isolate glycolipids from microorganisms and how to analyze the glycolipids' potential to activate reporter cells and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), such as surface marker expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, we outline an in vitro BMDC/T cell coculture model to investigate functional consequences of leukocyte activation, such as cytokine production. In this chapter, we provide a guide for extracting glycolipids from microorganisms and how to use them to activate leukocytes. We also present methods on how to generate and activate reporter cells, as well as BMDCs and how to set up BMDC/T cell cocultures. We further outline how to generate samples and how to analyze the immunomodulatory effect glycolipid exposure has on these cells, via flow cytometry, ROS production assays and ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guenther
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. .,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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15
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Schick J, Altunay M, Lacorcia M, Marschner N, Westermann S, Schluckebier J, Schubart C, Bodendorfer B, Christensen D, Alexander C, Wirtz S, Voehringer D, da Costa CP, Lang R. IL-4 and helminth infection downregulate MINCLE-dependent macrophage response to mycobacteria and Th17 adjuvanticity. eLife 2023; 12:72923. [PMID: 36753434 PMCID: PMC9908076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloid C-type lectin receptor (CLR) MINCLE senses the mycobacterial cell wall component trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM). Recently, we found that IL-4 downregulates MINCLE expression in macrophages. IL-4 is a hallmark cytokine in helminth infections, which appear to increase the risk for mycobacterial infection and active tuberculosis. Here, we investigated functional consequences of IL-4 and helminth infection on MINCLE-driven macrophage activation and Th1/Th17 adjuvanticity. IL-4 inhibited MINCLE and cytokine induction after macrophage infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Infection of mice with BCG upregulated MINCLE on myeloid cells, which was inhibited by IL-4 plasmid injection and by infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in monocytes. To determine the impact of helminth infection on MINCLE-dependent immune responses, we vaccinated mice with a recombinant protein together with the MINCLE ligand trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB) as adjuvant. Concurrent infection with N. brasiliensis or with Schistosoma mansoni promoted T cell-derived IL-4 production and suppressed Th1/Th17 differentiation in the spleen. In contrast, helminth infection did not reduce Th1/Th17 induction by TDB in draining peripheral lymph nodes, where IL-4 levels were unaltered. Upon use of the TLR4-dependent adjuvant G3D6A, N. brasiliensis infection impaired selectively the induction of splenic antigen-specific Th1 but not of Th17 cells. Inhibition of MINCLE-dependent Th1/Th17 responses in mice infected with N. brasiliensis was dependent on IL-4/IL-13. Thus, helminth infection attenuated the Th17 response to MINCLE-dependent immunization in an organ- and adjuvant-specific manner via the Th2 cytokines IL-4/IL-13. Taken together, our results demonstrate downregulation of MINCLE expression on monocytes and macrophages by IL-4 as a possible mechanism of thwarted Th17 vaccination responses by underlying helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schick
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Meltem Altunay
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Matthew Lacorcia
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Center for Global Health, Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany,Center for Global Health, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Nathalie Marschner
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Stefanie Westermann
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Julia Schluckebier
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Center for Global Health, Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany,Center for Global Health, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Christoph Schubart
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Barbara Bodendorfer
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum InstitutCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Christian Alexander
- Cellular Microbiology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center BorstelBorstelGermany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - David Voehringer
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Center for Global Health, Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany,Center for Global Health, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
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16
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Thakur M, Muniyappa K. Macrophage activation highlight an important role for NER proteins in the survival, latency and multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 138:102284. [PMID: 36459831 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the most extensively studied DNA repair processes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The NER pathway is a highly conserved, ATP-dependent multi-step process involving several proteins/enzymes that function in a concerted manner to recognize and excise a wide spectrum of helix-distorting DNA lesions and bulky adducts by nuclease cleavage on either side of the damaged bases. As such, the NER pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is essential for its survival within the hostile environment of macrophages and disease progression. This review focuses on present published knowledge about the crucial roles of Mtb NER proteins in the survival and multiplication of the pathogen within the macrophages and as potential targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - K Muniyappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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17
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Nishimura N, Tomiyasu N, Torigoe S, Mizuno S, Fukano H, Ishikawa E, Katano H, Hoshino Y, Matsuo K, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Akashi K, Yamasaki S. Mycobacterial mycolic acids trigger inhibitory receptor Clec12A to suppress host immune responses. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 138:102294. [PMID: 36542980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria often cause chronic infection. To establish persistence in the host, mycobacteria need to evade host immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the evasion strategy are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that mycobacterial cell wall lipids trigger an inhibitory receptor to suppress host immune responses. Mycolic acids are major cell wall components and are essential for survival of mycobacteria. By screening inhibitory receptors that react with mycobacterial lipids, we found that mycolic acids from various mycobacterial species bind to mouse Clec12A, and more potently to human Clec12A. Clec12A is a conserved inhibitory C-type lectin receptor containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). Innate immune responses, such as MCP-1 production, and PPD-specific recall T cell responses were augmented in Clec12A-deficient mice after infection. In contrast, human Clec12A transgenic mice were susceptible to infection with M. tuberculosis. These results suggest that mycobacteria dampen host immune responses by hijacking an inhibitory host receptor through their specific and essential lipids, mycolic acids. The blockade of this interaction might provide a therapeutic option for the treatment or prevention of mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyasu
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shota Torigoe
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan; Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satoru Mizuno
- Research and Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory, Tokyo, 204-0022, Japan
| | - Hanako Fukano
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Research and Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory, Tokyo, 204-0022, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University (CiDER), Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan; Division of Molecular Design, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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18
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Correia-Neves M, Nigou J, Mousavian Z, Sundling C, Källenius G. Immunological hyporesponsiveness in tuberculosis: The role of mycobacterial glycolipids. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035122. [PMID: 36544778 PMCID: PMC9761185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids constitute a major part of the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). They are potent immunomodulatory molecules recognized by several immune receptors like pattern recognition receptors such as TLR2, DC-SIGN and Dectin-2 on antigen-presenting cells and by T cell receptors on T lymphocytes. The Mtb glycolipids lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and its biosynthetic relatives, phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) and lipomannan (LM), as well as other Mtb glycolipids, such as phenolic glycolipids and sulfoglycolipids have the ability to modulate the immune response, stimulating or inhibiting a pro-inflammatory response. We explore here the downmodulating effect of Mtb glycolipids. A great proportion of the studies used in vitro approaches although in vivo infection with Mtb might also lead to a dampening of myeloid cell and T cell responses to Mtb glycolipids. This dampened response has been explored ex vivo with immune cells from peripheral blood from Mtb-infected individuals and in mouse models of infection. In addition to the dampening of the immune response caused by Mtb glycolipids, we discuss the hyporesponse to Mtb glycolipids caused by prolonged Mtb infection and/or exposure to Mtb antigens. Hyporesponse to LAM has been observed in myeloid cells from individuals with active and latent tuberculosis (TB). For some myeloid subsets, this effect is stronger in latent versus active TB. Since the immune response in individuals with latent TB represents a more protective profile compared to the one in patients with active TB, this suggests that downmodulation of myeloid cell functions by Mtb glycolipids may be beneficial for the host and protect against active TB disease. The mechanisms of this downmodulation, including tolerance through epigenetic modifications, are only partly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics Research Group (ICVS/3B's), Portuguese (PT) Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérôme Nigou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Zaynab Mousavian
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Källenius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,*Correspondence: Gunilla Källenius,
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19
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McLeish KR, Fernandes MJ. Understanding inhibitory receptor function in neutrophils through the lens of
CLEC12A. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:50-68. [PMID: 36424898 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first leukocytes recruited from the circulation in response to invading pathogens or injured cells. To eradicate pathogens and contribute to tissue repair, recruited neutrophils generate and release a host of toxic chemicals that can also damage normal cells. To avoid collateral damage leading to tissue injury and organ dysfunction, molecular mechanisms evolved that tightly control neutrophil response threshold to activating signals, the strength and location of the response, and the timing of response termination. One mechanism of response control is interruption of activating intracellular signaling pathways by the 20 inhibitory receptors expressed by neutrophils. The two inhibitory C-type lectin receptors expressed by neutrophils, CLEC12A and DCIR, exhibit both common and distinct molecular and functional mechanisms, and they are associated with different diseases. In this review, we use studies on CLEC12A as a model of inhibitory receptor regulation of neutrophil function and participation in disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to inhibitory receptor specificity offers the possibility of using physiologic control of neutrophil functions as a pharmacologic tool to control inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. McLeish
- Department of Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Maria J. Fernandes
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Division CHU de Québec‐Laval University Research Center Québec Québec Canada
- Department of Microbiology‐Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Laval University Québec Québec Canada
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20
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Guenther C, Nagae M, Yamasaki S. Self-referential immune recognition through C-type lectin receptors. Adv Immunol 2022; 156:1-23. [PMID: 36410872 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The term "lectin" is derived from the Latin word lego- (aggregate) (Boyd & Shapleigh, 1954). Indeed, lectins' folds can flexibly alter their pocket structures just like Lego blocks, which enables them to grab a wide-variety of substances. Thus, this useful fold is well-conserved among various organisms. Through evolution, prototypic soluble lectins acquired transmembrane regions and signaling motifs to become C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). While CLRs seem to possess certain intrinsic affinity to self, some CLRs adapted to efficiently recognize glycoconjugates present in pathogens as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and altered self. CLRs further extended their diversity to recognize non-glycosylated targets including pathogens and self-derived molecules. Thus, CLRs seem to have developed to monitor the internal/external stresses to maintain homeostasis by sensing various "unfamiliar" targets. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in our understanding of CLRs, their ligands and functions and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guenther
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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21
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Nguyen PP, Kado T, Prithviraj M, Siegrist MS, Morita YS. Inositol acylation of phosphatidylinositol mannosides: a rapid mass response to membrane fluidization in mycobacteria. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100262. [PMID: 35952902 PMCID: PMC9490103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria share an unusually complex, multilayered cell envelope, which contributes to adaptation to changing environments. The plasma membrane is the deepest layer of the cell envelope and acts as the final permeability barrier against outside molecules. There is an obvious need to maintain the plasma membrane integrity, but the adaptive responses of the plasma membrane to stress exposure remain poorly understood. Using chemical treatment and heat stress to fluidize the membrane, we show here that phosphatidylinositol (PI)-anchored plasma membrane glycolipids known as PI mannosides (PIMs) are rapidly remodeled upon membrane fluidization in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Without membrane stress, PIMs are predominantly in a triacylated form: two acyl chains of the PI moiety plus one acyl chain modified at one of the mannose residues. Upon membrane fluidization, we determined the fourth fatty acid is added to the inositol moiety of PIMs, making them tetra-acylated variants. Additionally, we show that PIM inositol acylation is a rapid response independent of de novo protein synthesis, representing one of the fastest mass conversions of lipid molecules found in nature. Strikingly, we found that M. smegmatis is more resistant to the bactericidal effect of a cationic detergent after benzyl alcohol pre-exposure. We further demonstrate that fluidization-induced PIM inositol acylation is conserved in pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus. Our results demonstrate that mycobacteria possess a mechanism to sense plasma membrane fluidity change. We suggest that inositol acylation of PIMs is a novel membrane stress response that enables mycobacterial cells to resist membrane fluidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Takehiro Kado
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - M Sloan Siegrist
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yasu S Morita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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22
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Kim H, Shin SJ. Pathological and protective roles of dendritic cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Interaction between host immune responses and pathogen evasion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:891878. [PMID: 35967869 PMCID: PMC9366614 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.891878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are principal defense components that play multifactorial roles in translating innate immune responses to adaptive immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. The heterogeneous nature of DC subsets follows their altered functions by interacting with other immune cells, Mtb, and its products, enhancing host defense mechanisms or facilitating pathogen evasion. Thus, a better understanding of the immune responses initiated, promoted, and amplified or inhibited by DCs in Mtb infection is an essential step in developing anti-tuberculosis (TB) control measures, such as host-directed adjunctive therapy and anti-TB vaccines. This review summarizes the recent advances in salient DC subsets, including their phenotypic classification, cytokine profiles, functional alterations according to disease stages and environments, and consequent TB outcomes. A comprehensive overview of the role of DCs from various perspectives enables a deeper understanding of TB pathogenesis and could be useful in developing DC-based vaccines and immunotherapies.
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23
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Tong J, Meng L, Bei C, Liu Q, Wang M, Yang T, Takiff HE, Zhang S, Gao Q, Wang C, Yan B. Modern Beijing sublineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis shift macrophage into a hyperinflammatory status. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:715-724. [PMID: 35125072 PMCID: PMC8890550 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2037395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of the modern Beijing sublineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be related to increased virulence, although the responsible mechanisms remain poorly understood. We previously described enhanced triacylglycerol accumulation in modern Beijing strains. Here we show that modern Beijing strains grow faster in vitro and trigger a vigorous immune response and pronounced macrophage infiltration. Transcriptomic analysis of bone marrow derived macrophages infected with modern Beijing lineage strains revealed a significant enrichment of infection, cholesterol homeostasis and amino acid metabolic pathways. The upregulation of proinflammatory / bactericidal cytokines was confirmed by RT–PCR analysis, which is also in consistent with the reduced bacterial burden in modern strains infected macrophages. These results suggest that modern Beijing strains elicit a hyperinflammatory response which might indicate a stronger virulence and contribute to their extensive global prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences/University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Bei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - TingTing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Howard E Takiff
- Department of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China.,Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Haji S, Ito T, Guenther C, Nakano M, Shimizu T, Mori D, Chiba Y, Tanaka M, Mishra SK, Willment JA, Brown GD, Nagae M, Yamasaki S. Human Dectin-1 is O-glycosylated and serves as a ligand for C-type lectin receptor CLEC-2. eLife 2022; 11:83037. [PMID: 36479973 PMCID: PMC9788829 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) elicit immune responses upon recognition of glycoconjugates present on pathogens and self-components. While Dectin-1 is the best-characterized CLR recognizing β-glucan on pathogens, the endogenous targets of Dectin-1 are not fully understood. Herein, we report that human Dectin-1 is a ligand for CLEC-2, another CLR expressed on platelets. Biochemical analyses revealed that Dectin-1 is a mucin-like protein as its stalk region is highly O-glycosylated. A sialylated core 1 glycan attached to the EDxxT motif of human Dectin-1, which is absent in mouse Dectin-1, provides a ligand moiety for CLEC-2. Strikingly, the expression of human Dectin-1 in mice rescued the lethality and lymphatic defect resulting from a deficiency of Podoplanin, a known CLEC-2 ligand. This finding is the first example of an innate immune receptor also functioning as a physiological ligand to regulate ontogeny upon glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Haji
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Taiki Ito
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Carla Guenther
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Daiki Mori
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yasunori Chiba
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesHachiojiJapan
| | - Sushil K Mishra
- The Glycoscience Group, National University of Ireland, GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Janet A Willment
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Division of Molecular Design, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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25
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Yang F, Xu L, Liang L, Liang W, Li J, Lin D, Dai M, Zhou D, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhao H, Tian GB, Feng S. The Involvement of Mycobacterium Type III-A CRISPR-Cas System in Oxidative Stress. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:774492. [PMID: 34956138 PMCID: PMC8696179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.774492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I and type II CRISPR-Cas systems are employed to evade host immunity by targeting interference of bacteria’s own genes. Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of tuberculosis, possesses integrated type III-A CRISPR-Cas system, its role in mycobacteria remains obscure. Here, we observed that seven cas genes (csm2∼5, cas10, cas6) were upregulated in Mycobacterium bovis BCG under oxidative stress treatment, indicating the role of type III-A CRISPR-Cas system in oxidative stress. To explore the functional role of type III-A CRISPR-Cas system, TCC (Type III-A CRISPR-Cas system, including cas6, cas10, and csm2-6) mutant was generated. Deletion of TCC results in increased sensitivity in response to hydrogen peroxide and reduced cell envelope integrity. Analysis of RNA-seq dataset revealed that TCC impacted on the oxidation-reduction process and the composition of cell wall which is essential for mycobacterial envelop integrity. Moreover, disrupting TCC led to poor intracellular survival in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we showed for the first time that TCC contributed to the regulation of regulatory T cell population, supporting a role of TCC in modulating host immunity. Our finding reveals the important role of TCC in cell envelop homeostasis. Our work also highlights type III-A CRISPR-Cas system as an important factor for intracellular survival and host immunoregulation in mycobacteria, thus may be a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lingqing Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Lujie Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanfei Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daixi Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Dianrong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Bao Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Aoun M, Cai X, Xu B, Lahore GF, Bonner MY, He Y, Bäckdahl L, Holmdahl R. Glycan Activation of Clec4b Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Protecting against Neutrophilia and Arthritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:12. [PMID: 35052516 PMCID: PMC8773064 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models for complex diseases are needed to position and analyze the function of interacting genes. Previous positional cloning identified Ncf1 and Clec4b to be major regulators of arthritis models in rats. Here, we investigate epistasis between Ncf1 and Clec4b, two major regulators of arthritis in rats. We find that Clec4b and Ncf1 exert an additive effect on arthritis given by their joint ability to regulate neutrophils. Both genes are highly expressed in neutrophils, together regulating neutrophil availability and their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species. Using a glycan array, we identify key ligands of Clec4b and demonstrate that Clec4b-specific stimulation triggers neutrophils into oxidative burst. Our observations highlight Clec4b as an important regulator of neutrophils and demonstrate how epistatic interactions affect the susceptibility to, and severity of, autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Aoun
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.A.); (X.C.); (B.X.); (G.F.L.); (M.Y.B.); (Y.H.); (L.B.)
| | - Xiaojie Cai
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.A.); (X.C.); (B.X.); (G.F.L.); (M.Y.B.); (Y.H.); (L.B.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Bingze Xu
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.A.); (X.C.); (B.X.); (G.F.L.); (M.Y.B.); (Y.H.); (L.B.)
| | - Gonzalo Fernandez Lahore
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.A.); (X.C.); (B.X.); (G.F.L.); (M.Y.B.); (Y.H.); (L.B.)
| | - Michael Yi Bonner
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.A.); (X.C.); (B.X.); (G.F.L.); (M.Y.B.); (Y.H.); (L.B.)
| | - Yibo He
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.A.); (X.C.); (B.X.); (G.F.L.); (M.Y.B.); (Y.H.); (L.B.)
| | - Liselotte Bäckdahl
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.A.); (X.C.); (B.X.); (G.F.L.); (M.Y.B.); (Y.H.); (L.B.)
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (M.A.); (X.C.); (B.X.); (G.F.L.); (M.Y.B.); (Y.H.); (L.B.)
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xibei Hospital, Xi’an 710004, China
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27
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Silva CS, Sundling C, Folkesson E, Fröberg G, Nobrega C, Canto-Gomes J, Chambers BJ, Lakshmikanth T, Brodin P, Bruchfeld J, Nigou J, Correia-Neves M, Källenius G. High Dimensional Immune Profiling Reveals Different Response Patterns in Active and Latent Tuberculosis Following Stimulation With Mycobacterial Glycolipids. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727300. [PMID: 34887849 PMCID: PMC8650708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) the host immune response might clear the bacteria, control its growth leading to latent tuberculosis (LTB), or fail to control its growth resulting in active TB (ATB). There is however no clear understanding of the features underlying a more or less effective response. Mtb glycolipids are abundant in the bacterial cell envelope and modulate the immune response to Mtb, but the patterns of response to glycolipids are still underexplored. To identify the CD45+ leukocyte activation landscape induced by Mtb glycolipids in peripheral blood of ATB and LTB, we performed a detailed assessment of the immune response of PBMCs to the Mtb glycolipids lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and its biosynthetic precursor phosphatidyl-inositol mannoside (PIM), and purified-protein derivate (PPD). At 24 h of stimulation, cell profiling and secretome analysis was done using mass cytometry and high-multiplex immunoassay. PIM induced a diverse cytokine response, mainly affecting antigen-presenting cells to produce both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, but not IFN-γ, contrasting with PPD that was a strong inducer of IFN-γ. The effect of PIM on the antigen-presenting cells was partly TLR2-dependent. Expansion of monocyte subsets in response to PIM or LAM was reduced primarily in LTB as compared to healthy controls, suggesting a hyporesponsive/tolerance pattern derived from Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Folkesson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle Fröberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Nobrega
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Canto-Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Benedict J Chambers
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tadepally Lakshmikanth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Bruchfeld
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérôme Nigou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Källenius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Willment JA. Fc-conjugated C-type lectin receptors: Tools for understanding host-pathogen interactions. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:632-660. [PMID: 34709692 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of soluble fusion proteins of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) used in the detection of exogenous and endogenous ligands has helped resolve the roles of PRRs in the innate immune response to pathogens, how they shape the adaptive immune response, and function in maintaining homeostasis. Using the immunoglobulin (Ig) crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain as a fusion partner, the PRR fusion proteins are soluble, stable, easily purified, have increased affinity due to the Fc homodimerization properties, and consequently have been used in a wide range of applications such as flow cytometry, screening of protein and glycan arrays, and immunofluorescent microscopy. This review will predominantly focus on the recognition of pathogens by the cell membrane-expressed glycan-binding proteins of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) subgroup of PRRs. PRRs bind to conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as glycans, usually located within or on the outer surface of the pathogen. Significantly, many glycans structures are identical on both host and pathogen (e.g. the Lewis (Le) X glycan), allowing the use of Fc CLR fusion proteins with known endogenous and/or exogenous ligands as tools to identify pathogen structures that are able to interact with the immune system. Screens of highly purified pathogen-derived cell wall components have enabled identification of many unique PAMP structures recognized by CLRs. This review highlights studies using Fc CLR fusion proteins, with emphasis on the PAMPs found in fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The structure and unique features of the different CLR families is presented using examples from a broad range of microbes whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Willment
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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29
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Torigoe S, Schutt CR, Yamasaki S. Immune discrimination of environmental spectrum through C-type lectin receptors. Int Immunol 2021; 33:847-851. [PMID: 34599808 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our bodies are continuously assaulted by infection and tissue damage; most of these injurious insults are primarily sensed by immune receptors to maintain tissue homeostasis. Although immune recognition of proteins or nucleic acids has been well characterized, the molecular mechanisms by which immune receptors discriminate lipids to elicit suitable immune responses remain elusive. Recent studies have demonstrated that the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family functions as immune sensors for adjuvant lipids derived from pathogens and damaged-tissues, thereby promoting innate/acquired immunity. In this review, we will discuss how these receptors recognize lipid components to initiate appropriate, but sometimes deleterious, immune responses against environmental stimuli. We will also discuss an aspect of inhibitory CLRs; their ligands might reflect normal self which silences the immune response regarded as "silence"-associated molecular patterns or may be associated with escape strategies of pathogens as "evasion"-associated molecular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Torigoe
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Charles R Schutt
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Design, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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30
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Gabius HJ, Cudic M, Diercks T, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Mayo KH, Murphy PV, Oscarson S, Roy R, Schedlbauer A, Toegel S, Romero A. What is the Sugar Code? Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100327. [PMID: 34496130 PMCID: PMC8901795 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A code is defined by the nature of the symbols, which are used to generate information‐storing combinations (e. g. oligo‐ and polymers). Like nucleic acids and proteins, oligo‐ and polysaccharides are ubiquitous, and they are a biochemical platform for establishing molecular messages. Of note, the letters of the sugar code system (third alphabet of life) excel in coding capacity by making an unsurpassed versatility for isomer (code word) formation possible by variability in anomery and linkage position of the glycosidic bond, ring size and branching. The enzymatic machinery for glycan biosynthesis (writers) realizes this enormous potential for building a large vocabulary. It includes possibilities for dynamic editing/erasing as known from nucleic acids and proteins. Matching the glycome diversity, a large panel of sugar receptors (lectins) has developed based on more than a dozen folds. Lectins ‘read’ the glycan‐encoded information. Hydrogen/coordination bonding and ionic pairing together with stacking and C−H/π‐interactions as well as modes of spatial glycan presentation underlie the selectivity and specificity of glycan‐lectin recognition. Modular design of lectins together with glycan display and the nature of the cognate glycoconjugate account for the large number of post‐binding events. They give an entry to the glycan vocabulary its functional, often context‐dependent meaning(s), hereby building the dictionary of the sugar code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431, USA
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul V Murphy
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - René Roy
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 888, Succ. Centre-Ville Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Andreas Schedlbauer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Romero
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, CIB Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Nagata M, Toyonaga K, Ishikawa E, Haji S, Okahashi N, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Imamura A, Takato K, Ishida H, Nagai S, Illarionov P, Stocker BL, Timmer MSM, Smith DGM, Williams SJ, Bamba T, Miyamoto T, Arita M, Appelmelk BJ, Yamasaki S. Helicobacter pylori metabolites exacerbate gastritis through C-type lectin receptors. J Exp Med 2021; 218:152132. [PMID: 32991669 PMCID: PMC7527975 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis, which has been attributed to the development of H. pylori-specific T cells during infection. However, the mechanism underlying innate immune detection leading to the priming of T cells is not fully understood, as H. pylori evades TLR detection. Here, we report that H. pylori metabolites modified from host cholesterol exacerbate gastritis through the interaction with C-type lectin receptors. Cholesteryl acyl α-glucoside (αCAG) and cholesteryl phosphatidyl α-glucoside (αCPG) were identified as noncanonical ligands for Mincle (Clec4e) and DCAR (Clec4b1). During chronic infection, H. pylori-specific T cell responses and gastritis were ameliorated in Mincle-deficient mice, although bacterial burdens remained unchanged. Furthermore, a mutant H. pylori strain lacking αCAG and αCPG exhibited an impaired ability to cause gastritis. Thus H. pylori-specific modification of host cholesterol plays a pathophysiological role that exacerbates gastric inflammation by triggering C-type lectin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyonaga
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shojiro Haji
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Okahashi
- Department of Bioinformatics Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koichi Takato
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nagai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Petr Illarionov
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bridget L Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mattie S M Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dylan G M Smith
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ben J Appelmelk
- Molecular Microbiology/Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Design, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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32
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Wu X, Wu Y, Zheng R, Tang F, Qin L, Lai D, Zhang L, Chen L, Yan B, Yang H, Wang Y, Li F, Zhang J, Wang F, Wang L, Cao Y, Ma M, Liu Z, Chen J, Huang X, Wang J, Jin R, Wang P, Sun Q, Sha W, Lyu L, Moura‐Alves P, Dorhoi A, Pei G, Zhang P, Chen J, Gao S, Randow F, Zeng G, Chen C, Ye X, Kaufmann SHE, Liu H, Ge B. Sensing of mycobacterial arabinogalactan by galectin-9 exacerbates mycobacterial infection. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51678. [PMID: 33987949 PMCID: PMC8256295 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial arabinogalactan (AG) is an essential cell wall component of mycobacteria and a frequent structural and bio-synthetical target for anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug development. Here, we report that mycobacterial AG is recognized by galectin-9 and exacerbates mycobacterial infection. Administration of AG-specific aptamers inhibits cellular infiltration caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) or Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and moderately increases survival of Mtb-infected mice or Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish. AG interacts with carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) 2 of galectin-9 with high affinity, and galectin-9 associates with transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) via CRD2 to trigger subsequent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as well as induction of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Moreover, deletion of galectin-9 or inhibition of MMPs blocks AG-induced pathological impairments in the lung, and the AG-galectin-9 axis aggravates the process of Mtb infection in mice. These results demonstrate that AG is an important virulence factor of mycobacteria and galectin-9 is a novel receptor for Mtb and other mycobacteria, paving the way for the development of novel effective TB immune modulators.
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33
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Holzheimer M, Buter J, Minnaard AJ. Chemical Synthesis of Cell Wall Constituents of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9554-9643. [PMID: 34190544 PMCID: PMC8361437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), causing
tuberculosis disease, features an extraordinary
thick cell envelope, rich in Mtb-specific lipids,
glycolipids, and glycans. These cell wall components are often directly
involved in host–pathogen interaction and recognition, intracellular
survival, and virulence. For decades, these mycobacterial natural
products have been of great interest for immunology and synthetic
chemistry alike, due to their complex molecular structure and the
biological functions arising from it. The synthesis of many of these
constituents has been achieved and aided the elucidation of their
function by utilizing the synthetic material to study Mtb immunology. This review summarizes the synthetic efforts of a quarter
century of total synthesis and highlights how the synthesis layed
the foundation for immunological studies as well as drove the field
of organic synthesis and catalysis to efficiently access these complex
natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Holzheimer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Buter
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Dubé JY, Fava VM, Schurr E, Behr MA. Underwhelming or Misunderstood? Genetic Variability of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Immune Responses and Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714808. [PMID: 34276708 PMCID: PMC8278570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genetic control is thought to affect a considerable part of the outcome of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Most of us deal with the pathogen by containment (associated with clinical "latency") or sterilization, but tragically millions each year do not. After decades of studies on host genetic susceptibility to Mtb infection, genetic variation has been discovered to play a role in tuberculous immunoreactivity and tuberculosis (TB) disease. Genes encoding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) enable a consistent, molecularly direct interaction between humans and Mtb which suggests the potential for co-evolution. In this review, we explore the roles ascribed to PRRs during Mtb infection and ask whether such a longstanding and intimate interface between our immune system and this pathogen plays a critical role in determining the outcome of Mtb infection. The scientific evidence to date suggests that PRR variation is clearly implicated in altered immunity to Mtb but has a more subtle role in limiting the pathogen and pathogenesis. In contrast to 'effectors' like IFN-γ, IL-12, Nitric Oxide and TNF that are critical for Mtb control, 'sensors' like PRRs are less critical for the outcome of Mtb infection. This is potentially due to redundancy of the numerous PRRs in the innate arsenal, such that Mtb rarely goes unnoticed. Genetic association studies investigating PRRs during Mtb infection should therefore be designed to investigate endophenotypes of infection - such as immunological or clinical variation - rather than just TB disease, if we hope to understand the molecular interface between innate immunity and Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Dubé
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vinicius M. Fava
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marcel A. Behr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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35
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TREM2 is a receptor for non-glycosylated mycolic acids of mycobacteria that limits anti-mycobacterial macrophage activation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2299. [PMID: 33863908 PMCID: PMC8052348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial cell-wall glycolipids elicit an anti-mycobacterial immune response via FcRγ-associated C-type lectin receptors, including Mincle, and caspase-recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9). Additionally, mycobacteria harbor immuno-evasive cell-wall lipids associated with virulence and latency; however, a mechanism of action is unclear. Here, we show that the DAP12-associated triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) recognizes mycobacterial cell-wall mycolic acid (MA)-containing lipids and suggest a mechanism by which mycobacteria control host immunity via TREM2. Macrophages respond to glycosylated MA-containing lipids in a Mincle/FcRγ/CARD9-dependent manner to produce inflammatory cytokines and recruit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive mycobactericidal macrophages. Conversely, macrophages respond to non-glycosylated MAs in a TREM2/DAP12-dependent but CARD9-independent manner to recruit iNOS-negative mycobacterium-permissive macrophages. Furthermore, TREM2 deletion enhances Mincle-induced macrophage activation in vitro and inflammation in vivo and accelerates the elimination of mycobacterial infection, suggesting that TREM2-DAP12 signaling counteracts Mincle-FcRγ-CARD9-mediated anti-mycobacterial immunity. Mycobacteria, therefore, harness TREM2 for immune evasion. Mycobacterial cell wall lipids can drive immunoevasion, but underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here the authors show TREM2 is a pattern recognition receptor that binds non-glycosylated mycolic acid-containing lipids and inhibits Mincle-induced anti-mycobacterial macrophage responses.
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36
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Maphasa RE, Meyer M, Dube A. The Macrophage Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Opportunities for Autophagy Inducing Nanomedicines for Tuberculosis Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:618414. [PMID: 33628745 PMCID: PMC7897680 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.618414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The major causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), i.e., Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has developed mechanisms to evade host defense responses and persist within host cells for prolonged periods of time. Mtb is also increasingly resistant to existing anti-TB drugs. There is therefore an urgent need to develop new therapeutics for TB and host directed therapies (HDTs) hold potential as effective therapeutics for TB. There is growing interest in the induction of autophagy in Mtb host cells using autophagy inducing compounds (AICs). Nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance the effect of AICs, thus improving stability, enabling cell targeting and providing opportunities for multimodal therapy. In this review, we focus on the macrophage responses to Mtb infection, in particular, the mechanistic aspects of autophagy and the evasion of autophagy by intracellular Mtb. Due to the overlap between the onset of autophagy and apoptosis; we also focus on the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy. We will also review known AICs in the context of Mtb infection. Finally, we discuss the applications of NPs in inducing autophagy with the intention of sharing insights to encourage further research and development of nanomedicine HDTs for TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retsepile E Maphasa
- Infectious Disease Nanomedicine Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Admire Dube
- Infectious Disease Nanomedicine Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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37
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Nagae M. Structural Aspects of Glycolipid Recognition of C-type Lectin Receptors in the Immune System. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2020. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2005.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, and Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University
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38
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Nagae M. Structural Aspects of Glycolipid Recognition of C-type Lectin Receptors in the Immune System. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2020. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2005.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, and Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University
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39
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Lindenwald DL, Lepenies B. C-Type Lectins in Veterinary Species: Recent Advancements and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145122. [PMID: 32698416 PMCID: PMC7403975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type lectins (CTLs), a superfamily of glycan-binding receptors, play a pivotal role in the host defense against pathogens and the maintenance of immune homeostasis of higher animals and humans. CTLs in innate immunity serve as pattern recognition receptors and often bind to glycan structures in damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. While CTLs are found throughout the whole animal kingdom, their ligand specificities and downstream signaling have mainly been studied in humans and in model organisms such as mice. In this review, recent advancements in CTL research in veterinary species as well as potential applications of CTL targeting in veterinary medicine are outlined.
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40
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Trained immunity as a molecular mechanism for BCG immunotherapy in bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:513-525. [PMID: 32678343 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intravesical BCG instillation is the gold-standard adjuvant immunotherapy for patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, the precise mechanism of action by which BCG asserts its beneficial effects is still unclear. BCG has been shown to induce a non-specific enhancement of the biological function in cells of the innate immune system, creating a de facto heterologous immunological memory that has been termed trained immunity. Trained immunity or innate immune memory enables innate immune cells to mount a more robust response to secondary non-related stimuli after being initially primed (or trained) by a challenge such as BCG. BCG-induced trained immunity is characterized by the metabolic rewiring of monocyte intracellular metabolism and epigenetic modifications, which subsequently lead to functional reprogramming effects, such as an increased production of cytokines, on restimulation. Results from BCG vaccination studies in humans show that trained immunity might at least partly account for the heterologous beneficial effects of BCG vaccination. Additionally, immunity might have a role in the effect of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer. Based on these indications, we propose that trained immunity could be one of the important mechanisms mediating BCG immunotherapy and could provide a basis for further improvements towards a personalized approach to BCG therapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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41
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Host Immune Response and Novel Diagnostic Approach to NTM Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124351. [PMID: 32570978 PMCID: PMC7352966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are steadily increasing worldwide, partially due to the increased incidence of immunocompromised conditions, such as the post-transplantation state. The importance of proper diagnosis and management of NTM infection has been recently recognized. Host immunological responses play integral roles in vulnerability to NTM infections, and may contribute to the onset of specific types of NTM infection. Furthermore, distinct NTM species are known to affect and attenuate these host immune responses in unique manners. Therefore, host immune responses must be understood with respect to each causative NTM species. Here, we review innate, cellular-mediated, and humoral immunity to NTM and provide perspectives on novel diagnostic approaches regarding each NTM species.
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Combined TLR4 and TLR9 agonists induce distinct phenotypic changes in innate immunity in vitro and in vivo. Cell Immunol 2020; 355:104149. [PMID: 32619809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and TLR9 agonists, MPL and CpG, are used as adjuvants in vaccines and have been investigated for their combined potential. However, how these two combined agonists regulate transcriptional changes in innate immune cells and cells at the site of vaccination has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we utilized transcriptomics to investigate how CpG, MPL, and CpG + MPL impact gene expression in dendritic cells (DC) in vitro. Principal component analysis of transcriptional changes after single and combined treatment indicated that CpG, MPL, and CpG + MPL caused distinct gene signatures. CpG + MPL induced antiviral gene expression and activated the interferon regulatory factor pathway. In vitro changes were associated with lower in vivo morbidity upon viral challenge, elevated systemic cytokine protein production, local cytokine mRNA expression, and increased migratory monocyte derived DC populations in the draining lymph node following vaccination with CpG + MPL. This report suggests that CpG + MPL enhances transcription of antiviral and inflammatory genes and increases DC migration.
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Arai Y, Torigoe S, Matsumaru T, Yamasaki S, Fujimoto Y. The key entity of a DCAR agonist, phosphatidylinositol mannoside Ac 1PIM 1: its synthesis and immunomodulatory function. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3659-3663. [PMID: 32356529 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02724f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ac1PIM1 is a potential biosynthetic intermediate for phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We achieved the first synthesis of Ac1PIM1 by utilizing an allyl-type protecting group strategy and regioselective phosphorylation of inositol. A very potent agonist of an innate immune receptor DCAR, which is better than previously known agonists, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Arai
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University. Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
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Omahdi Z, Horikawa Y, Nagae M, Toyonaga K, Imamura A, Takato K, Teramoto T, Ishida H, Kakuta Y, Yamasaki S. Structural insight into the recognition of pathogen-derived phosphoglycolipids by C-type lectin receptor DCAR. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5807-5817. [PMID: 32139512 PMCID: PMC7186165 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) form a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize numerous pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi, and trigger innate immune responses. The extracellular carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of CLRs forms a globular structure that can coordinate a Ca2+ ion, allowing receptor interactions with sugar-containing ligands. Although well-conserved, the CRD fold can also display differences that directly affect the specificity of the receptors for their ligands. Here, we report crystal structures at 1.8-2.3 Å resolutions of the CRD of murine dendritic cell-immunoactivating receptor (DCAR, or Clec4b1), the CLR that binds phosphoglycolipids such as acylated phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (AcPIMs) of mycobacteria. Using mutagenesis analysis, we identified critical residues, Ala136 and Gln198, on the surface surrounding the ligand-binding site of DCAR, as well as an atypical Ca2+-binding motif (Glu-Pro-Ser/EPS168-170). By chemically synthesizing a water-soluble ligand analog, inositol-monophosphate dimannose (IPM2), we confirmed the direct interaction of DCAR with the polar moiety of AcPIMs by biolayer interferometry and co-crystallization approaches. We also observed a hydrophobic groove extending from the ligand-binding site that is in a suitable position to interact with the lipid portion of whole AcPIMs. These results suggest that the hydroxyl group-binding ability and hydrophobic groove of DCAR mediate its specific binding to pathogen-derived phosphoglycolipids such as mycobacterial AcPIMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Omahdi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuto Horikawa
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of System Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyonaga
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koichi Takato
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takamasa Teramoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kakuta
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of System Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Division of Molecular Design, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan.
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Recognition of Mycobacteria by Dendritic Cell Immunoactivating Receptor. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2020. [PMID: 32300915 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteria have unique lipids on their cell walls, and the structures and physiological activities of these lipid components have been the subject of many studies. Although the host receptors for mycobacterial lipid have long been elusive, in recent years C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) have been reported to recognize these components. The dendritic cell immunoactivating receptor (DCAR), a CLR member, is encoded by Clec4b1. DCAR, which was identified in 2003, is reported to be associated with the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing adaptor protein, the Fc receptor γ chain (FcRγ). However, its physiological ligand and biological function were unknown. We recently identified DCAR as an activating receptor for mycobacteria. DCAR recognizes acylated phosphatidyl-inositol mannosides (PIMs) in mycobacteria to promote Th1 responses during mycobacterial infection. This review summarizes recent discoveries about the ligands and immunological roles of DCAR.
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RXRs control serous macrophage neonatal expansion and identity and contribute to ovarian cancer progression. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1655. [PMID: 32246014 PMCID: PMC7125161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) populate all tissues and play key roles in homeostasis, immunity and repair. TRMs express a molecular program that is mostly shaped by tissue cues. However, TRM identity and the mechanisms that maintain TRMs in tissues remain poorly understood. We recently found that serous-cavity TRMs (LPMs) are highly enriched in RXR transcripts and RXR-response elements. Here, we show that RXRs control mouse serous-macrophage identity by regulating chromatin accessibility and the transcriptional regulation of canonical macrophage genes. RXR deficiency impairs neonatal expansion of the LPM pool and reduces the survival of adult LPMs through excess lipid accumulation. We also find that peritoneal LPMs infiltrate early ovarian tumours and that RXR deletion diminishes LPM accumulation in tumours and strongly reduces ovarian tumour progression in mice. Our study reveals that RXR signalling controls the maintenance of the serous macrophage pool and that targeting peritoneal LPMs may improve ovarian cancer outcomes. Macrophages can differentiate to perform homeostatic tissue-specific functions. Here the authors show that RXR signalling is critical for large peritoneal macrophage (LPM) expansion during neonatal life and LPM lipid metabolism and survival during adult homeostasis, and that ovarian cancer growth relies on RXR-dependent LPMs.
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Abstract
The respiratory tract is tasked with responding to a constant and vast influx of foreign agents. It acts as an important first line of defense in the innate immune system and as such plays a crucial role in preventing the entry of invading pathogens. While physical barriers like the mucociliary escalator exert their effects through the clearance of these pathogens, diverse and dynamic cellular mechanisms exist for the activation of the innate immune response through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). These PAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are expressed on a number of myeloid cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils found in the respiratory tract. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are PRRs that play a pivotal role in the innate immune response and its regulation to a variety of respiratory pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. This chapter will describe the function of both activating and inhibiting myeloid CLRs in the recognition of a number of important respiratory pathogens as well as the signaling events initiated by these receptors.
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Miyake Y, Yamasaki S. Immune Recognition of Pathogen-Derived Glycolipids Through Mincle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:31-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Watanabe M, Omahdi Z, Yamasaki S. Direct Binding Analysis Between C-Type Lectins and Glycans Using Immunoglobulin Receptor Fusion Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2132:119-128. [PMID: 32306320 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectins bind to carbohydrate structures in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Some transmembrane forms of lectins act as innate immune receptors and induce signal transduction pathways in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Expressing these receptors in cells bearing a reporter gene is a useful tool to investigate ligand binding and recognition. However, it cannot be used to quantify the precise affinity of the interaction, and the involvement of other proteins remains a possibility. Direct binding between a receptor and its ligand can be investigated using an immunoglobulin receptor (Ig)-fused soluble protein. This binding can be assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry, and the fusion protein may also be used in a glycan array. In this chapter, we explain the generation of Ig fusion proteins and subsequent binding assays using these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zakaria Omahdi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Zhou KL, Li X, Zhang XL, Pan Q. Mycobacterial mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan: a modulator bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:1168-1177. [PMID: 31379262 PMCID: PMC6713153 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1649097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) is a high molecular mass amphipathic lipoglycan identified in pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) and M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). ManLAM, serves as both an immunogen and a modulator of the host immune system, and its critical role in mycobacterial survival during infection has been well-characterized. ManLAM can be recognized by various types of receptors on both innate and adaptive immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, natural killer T (NKT) cells, T cells and B cells. MamLAM has been shown to affect phagocytosis, cytokine production, antigen presentation, T cell activation and polarization, as well as antibody production. Exploring the mechanisms underlying the roles of ManLAM during mycobacterial infection will aid in improving tuberculosis (TB) prevention, diagnosis and treatment interventions. In this review, we highlight the interaction between ManLAM and receptors, intracellular signalling pathways triggered by ManLAM and its roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Liang Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institue, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.,b The eighth hospital of Wuhan , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institue, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institue, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Pan
- a State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institue, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
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