1
|
Ryan CE, Salvetti TR, Baum IR, Figueroa BA, LeBere BE, Alberti MO. Single-tube Ptprc SNP genotyping of JAXBoy (CD45.1) and C57BL/6J (CD45.2) mice by endpoint PCR and gel electrophoresis. Mol Cell Probes 2024; 75:101962. [PMID: 38697553 PMCID: PMC11146669 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2024.101962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Allelic variation at the Ptprc gene, which encodes the pan-leukocyte marker CD45/Ly5, is commonly exploited to track hematopoietic reconstitution by flow cytometry in mixed bone marrow chimera transplant experiments. Historically, this was accomplished using bone marrow from C57BL/6 (Ptprcb/CD45.2/Ly5.2) and congenic B6.SJL-PtprcaPepcb/Boy (Ptprca/CD45.1/Ly5.1) mice. Recently, the Jackson Laboratory directly CRISPR-engineered the Ptprca allele in C57BL/6J mice. This new isogenic strain, termed JAXBoy, differs from wild-type C57BL/6J mice by two nucleotides, compared to the biologically significant 37 megabase (Mb) SJL interval retained in B6.SJL-PtprcaPepcb/Boy/J mice. Currently, Ptprc/CD45 variants are identified by flow cytometry or allele-specific real-time PCR, both of which require specialized workflows and equipment compared to standard genotyping of endpoint PCR products by gel electrophoresis. Here, we employed allele-specific oligonucleotides in conjunction with differential incorporation of a long non-specific oligo 5'-tail to allow for simultaneous identification of the Ptprca and Ptprcb alleles using endpoint PCR and gel electrophoresis. This method allows for integration of Ptprc genotyping into standard genotyping workflows, which use a single set of thermocycling and gel electrophoresis conditions. Importantly, the strategy of primer placement and tail addition described here can be adapted to discriminate similar single- or multi-nucleotide polymorphisms at other genomic loci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Ryan
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas R Salvetti
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ilana R Baum
- Gates Institute Summer Internship Program (GSIP), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brandon A Figueroa
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brittany E LeBere
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael O Alberti
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bertrand BP, Heim CE, Koepsell SA, Kielian T. Elucidating granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell heterogeneity during Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:620-632. [PMID: 38095415 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are pathologically activated immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive activity that expand during chronic inflammation, such as cancer and prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells can be broadly separated into 2 populations based on surface marker expression and function: monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs). Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells are the most abundant leukocyte infiltrate during PJI; however, how this population is maintained in vivo and cellular heterogeneity is currently unknown. In this study, we identified a previously unknown population of Ly6G+Ly6C+F4/80+MHCII+ MDSCs during PJI that displayed immunosuppressive properties ex vivo. We leveraged F4/80 and MHCII expression by these cells for further characterization using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing, which revealed a distinct transcriptomic signature of this population. F4/80+MHCII+ MDSCs displayed gene signatures resembling G-MDSCs, neutrophils, and monocytes but had significantly increased expression of pathways involved in cytokine response/production, inflammatory cell death, and mononuclear cell differentiation. To determine whether F4/80+MHCII+ MDSCs represented an alternate phenotypic state of G-MDSCs, Ly6G+Ly6C+F4/80-MHCII- G-MDSCs from CD45.1 mice were adoptively transferred into CD45.2 recipients using a mouse model of PJI. A small percentage of transferred G-MDSCs acquired F4/80 and MHCII expression in vivo, suggesting some degree of plasticity in this population. Collectively, these results demonstrate a previously unappreciated phenotype of F4/80+MHCII+ MDSCs during PJI, revealing that a granulocytic-to-monocytic transition can occur during biofilm infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake P Bertrand
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, United States
| | - Cortney E Heim
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, United States
| | - Scott A Koepsell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, United States
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laubreton D, Djebali S, Angleraux C, Chain B, Dubois M, Henry F, Leverrier Y, Teixeira M, Markossian S, Marvel J. Generation of a C57BL/6J mouse strain expressing the CD45.1 epitope to improve hematopoietic stem cell engraftment and adoptive cell transfer experiments. Lab Anim (NY) 2023; 52:324-331. [PMID: 38017180 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer between genetically identical hosts relies on the use of a congenic marker to distinguish the donor cells from the host cells. CD45, a glycoprotein expressed by all hematopoietic cells, is one of the main congenic markers used because its two isoforms, CD45.1 and CD45.2, can be discriminated by flow cytometry. As a consequence, C57BL/6J (B6; CD45.2) and B6.SJL-Ptprca Pepcb/BoyJ (B6.SJL; CD45.1) mice are widely used in adoptive cell transfer experiments, under the presumption that they differ only at the CD45 (Ptprc) locus. However, recent studies have identified genetic variations between these congenic strains and have notably highlighted a differential expression of cathepsin E (CTSE). The B6.SJL mouse presents a number of functional differences in hematopoietic stem cell engraftment potential and immune cell numbers compared with the B6 mouse. In this study, we showed that B6 and B6.SJL mice also differ in their CD8+ T cell compartment and CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection. We identified Ctse as the most differentially expressed gene between CD8+ T cells of B6 and B6.SJL and demonstrated that the differences reported between these two mouse strains are not due to CTSE. Finally, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we generated a CD45.1-expressing B6 mouse by inserting one nucleotide mutation (A904G) leading to an amino acid change (K302E) in the Ptprc gene of the B6 mouse. We showed that this new B6-Ptprcem(K302E)Jmar/J mouse resolves the experimental biases reported between the B6 and B6.SJL mouse lines and should thus represent the new gold standard for adoptive cell transfer experiments in B6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Laubreton
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophia Djebali
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Angleraux
- SFR BioSciences, Plateau de Biologie Expérimentale de la Souris (AniRA-PBES), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UAR3444, INSERM US8, Lyon, France
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maxence Dubois
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Farida Henry
- SFR BioSciences, Plateau de Biologie Expérimentale de la Souris (AniRA-PBES), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UAR3444, INSERM US8, Lyon, France
| | - Yann Leverrier
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Teixeira
- SFR BioSciences, Plateau de Biologie Expérimentale de la Souris (AniRA-PBES), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UAR3444, INSERM US8, Lyon, France
| | - Suzy Markossian
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INRAE USC 1370, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rawat K, Mara AB, King WT, Nnam CF, Jakubzick CV. Immunogenicity Threshold in Allogeneic Cells Impacts CTL Response to Nondominant Congenic Antigens. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1623-1629. [PMID: 37850969 PMCID: PMC10656436 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation and cancer expose the immune system to neoantigens, including immunogenic (dominant and subdominant) and nonimmunogenic Ags with varying quantities and affinities of immunodominant peptides. Conceptually, immunity is believed to mainly target dominant Ags when subdominant or nondominant Ags are linked within the same cell due to T cell interference. This phenomenon is called immunodominance. However, our previous study in mice showed that linked nonimmunogenic Ags (OVA and GFP) containing immunodominant peptides mount immunity irrespective of the MHC-matched allogeneic cell's immunogenicity. Consequently, we further explored 1) under what circumstances does the congenic marker CD45.1 provoke immunity in CD45.2 mice, and 2) whether linking two dominant or subdominant Ags can instigate an immune response. Our observations showed that CD45.1 (or CD45.2), when connected to low-immunogenic cell types is presented as an immunogen, which contrasts with its outcome when linked to high-immunogenic cell types. Moreover, we found that both dominant and subdominant Ags are presented as immunogens when linked in environments with lower immunogenic thresholds. These findings challenge the existing perception that immunity is predominantly elicited against dominant Ags when linked to subdominant or nondominant Ags. This study takes a fundamental step toward understanding the nuanced relationship between immunogenic and nonimmunogenic Ags, potentially opening new avenues for comprehending cancer immunoediting and enhancing the conversion of cold tumors with low immunogenicity into responsive hot tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Arlind B. Mara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - William T. King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Chinaza F. Nnam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Claudia V. Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jarai BM, Bomb K, Fromen CA. Nanoparticle pre-treatment for enhancing the survival and activation of pulmonary macrophage transplant. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1955-1966. [PMID: 36917409 PMCID: PMC10238309 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent clinical successes of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies in treating liquid cancers, many lingering challenges stand in the way of therapeutic translation to broader types of malignancies. Macrophages have been proposed as alternatives to T cells given macrophages' advantages in promoting tumor infiltration, acquiring diverse antigens, and possessing the ability to continuously stimulate adaptive responses. However, the poor survival of macrophages upon transplantation in addition to transient anti-tumor phenotypical states have been major obstacles standing in the way of macrophage-based cell therapies. Given recent discoveries of nanoparticle strategies in improving macrophage survival and promoting phenotype retention, we herein report the ability to extend the survival and phenotype of macrophage transplants in murine lungs via pre-treatment with nanoparticles of varying degradation rates. Macrophages pre-treated with 100 µg/ml dose of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate nanoparticle formulations improve pulmonary macrophage transplant survival over untreated cells beyond 7 days, where degradable nanoparticle formulations result in over a 50% increase in retention of transplanted cell counts relative to untreated cells. Furthermore, pre-treated macrophages more efficiently retain an imposed pro-inflammatory-like polarization state following transplantation out to 7 days compared to macrophages pre-treated with a classical pro-inflammatory stimulus, interferon-gamma, where CD86 costimulatory molecule expression is greater than 150% higher in pre-treated macrophage transplants compared to untreated counterparts. These findings provide an avenue for a major improvement in the lifespan and efficacy of macrophage-based cell therapies and have broader implications to other phagocyte-based cellular therapeutics and administration routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bader M Jarai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Kartik Bomb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao Y, Bosselut R. Generation of Bone Marrow Chimeras. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2580:165-171. [PMID: 36374456 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2740-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow chimeras are widely used in immunological studies, to dissect the contributions of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells in immune cell development or functions, to quantify the impact of a given mutation, or in preclinical studies for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here we describe a set of procedures for the generation of bone marrow chimeras.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Gao
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bosselut R. Genetic Strategies to Study T Cell Development. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2580:117-130. [PMID: 36374453 PMCID: PMC10803070 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2740-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetics approaches have been instrumental to deciphering T cell development in the thymus, including gene disruption by homologous recombination and more recently Crispr-based gene editing and transgenic gene expression, especially of specific T cell antigen receptors (TCR). This brief chapter describes commonly used tools and strategies to modify the genome of thymocytes, including mouse strains with lineage- and stage-specific expression of the Cre recombinase used for conditional allele inactivation or expressing unique antigen receptor specificities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Okoreeh MK, Kennedy DE, Emmanuel AO, Veselits M, Moshin A, Ladd RH, Erickson S, McLean KC, Madrigal B, Nemazee D, Maienschein-Cline M, Mandal M, Clark MR. Asymmetrical forward and reverse developmental trajectories determine molecular programs of B cell antigen receptor editing. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm1664. [PMID: 35930652 PMCID: PMC9636592 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During B lymphopoiesis, B cell progenitors progress through alternating and mutually exclusive stages of clonal expansion and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements. Great diversity is generated through the stochastic recombination of Ig gene segments encoding heavy and light chain variable domains. However, this commonly generates autoreactivity. Receptor editing is the predominant tolerance mechanism for self-reactive B cells in the bone marrow (BM). B cell receptor editing rescues autoreactive B cells from negative selection through renewed light chain recombination first at Igκ then Igλ loci. Receptor editing depends on BM microenvironment cues and key transcription factors such as NF-κB, FOXO, and E2A. The specific BM factor required for receptor editing is unknown. Furthermore, how transcription factors coordinate these developmental programs to promote usage of the λ chain remains poorly defined. Therefore, we used two mouse models that recapitulate pathways by which Igλ light chain-positive B cells develop. The first has deleted J kappa (Jκ) genes and hence models Igλ expression resulting from failed Igκ recombination (Igκdel). The second models autoreactivity by ubiquitous expression of a single-chain chimeric anti-Igκ antibody (κ-mac). Here, we demonstrated that autoreactive B cells transit asymmetric forward and reverse developmental trajectories. This imparted a unique epigenetic landscape on small pre-B cells, which opened chromatin to transcription factors essential for Igλ recombination. The consequences of this asymmetric developmental path were both amplified and complemented by CXCR4 signaling. These findings reveal how intrinsic molecular programs integrate with extrinsic signals to drive receptor editing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Okoreeh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Growth, Development, Disabilities Training program (GDDTP), Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Domenick E. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Present Address: Drug Discovery Science and Technology, Discovery Platform Technologies, Chemical Biology and Emerging Therapeutics, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Akinola Olumide Emmanuel
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Margaret Veselits
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Azam Moshin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Robert H. Ladd
- Cytometry and Antibody Technologies Facility, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Steven Erickson
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kaitlin C. McLean
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Brianna Madrigal
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Malay Mandal
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Marcus R. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lombard‐Vadnais F, Lacombe J, Chabot‐Roy G, Ferron M, Lesage S. OCA‐B does not act as a transcriptional coactivator in T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:338-351. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Lombard‐Vadnais
- Immunologie‐oncologie Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Montréal QC H1T 2M4 Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Julie Lacombe
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal Montréal QC H2W 1R7 Canada
| | - Geneviève Chabot‐Roy
- Immunologie‐oncologie Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Montréal QC H1T 2M4 Canada
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal Montréal QC H2W 1R7 Canada
- Département de médecine Université de Montréal Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunologie‐oncologie Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Montréal QC H1T 2M4 Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie Université de Montréal Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Silveira PA, Kupresanin F, Romano A, Hsu WH, Lo TH, Ju X, Chen HT, Roberts H, Baker DG, Clark GJ. Anti-Mouse CD83 Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Mature Dendritic Cells Provides Protection Against Collagen Induced Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:784528. [PMID: 35222372 PMCID: PMC8866188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.784528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies targeting the activation marker CD83 can achieve immune suppression by targeting antigen-presenting mature dendritic cells (DC). This study investigated the immunosuppressive mechanisms of anti-CD83 antibody treatment in mice and tested its efficacy in a model of autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis. A rat anti-mouse CD83 IgG2a monoclonal antibody, DCR-5, was developed and functionally tested in mixed leukocyte reactions, demonstrating depletion of CD83+ conventional (c)DC, induction of regulatory DC (DCreg), and suppression of allogeneic T cell proliferation. DCR-5 injection into mice caused partial splenic cDC depletion for 2-4 days (mostly CD8+ and CD83+ cDC affected) with a concomitant increase in DCreg and regulatory T cells (Treg). Mice with collagen induced arthritis (CIA) treated with 2 or 6 mg/kg DCR-5 at baseline and every three days thereafter until euthanasia at day 36 exhibited significantly reduced arthritic paw scores and joint pathology compared to isotype control or untreated mice. While both doses reduced anti-collagen antibodies, only 6 mg/kg achieved significance. Treatment with 10 mg/kg DCR-5 was ineffective. Immunohistological staining of spleens at the end of CIA model with CD11c, CD83, and FoxP3 showed greater DC depletion and Treg induction in 6 mg/kg compared to 10 mg/kg DCR-5 treated mice. In conclusion, DCR-5 conferred protection from arthritis by targeting CD83, resulting in selective depletion of mature cDC and subsequent increases in DCreg and Treg. This highlights the potential for anti-CD83 antibodies as a targeted therapy for autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Silveira
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Kupresanin
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adelina Romano
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei-Hsun Hsu
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tsun-Ho Lo
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xinsheng Ju
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hsiao-Ting Chen
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Georgina J Clark
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kira Biotech Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pierantozzi E, Szentesi P, Paolini C, Dienes B, Fodor J, Oláh T, Colombini B, Rassier DE, Rubino EM, Lange S, Rossi D, Csernoch L, Bagni MA, Reggiani C, Sorrentino V. Impaired Intracellular Ca 2+ Dynamics, M-Band and Sarcomere Fragility in Skeletal Muscles of Obscurin KO Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1319. [PMID: 35163243 PMCID: PMC8835721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obscurin is a giant sarcomeric protein expressed in striated muscles known to establish several interactions with other proteins of the sarcomere, but also with proteins of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and costameres. Here, we report experiments aiming to better understand the contribution of obscurin to skeletal muscle fibers, starting with a detailed characterization of the diaphragm muscle function, which we previously reported to be the most affected muscle in obscurin (Obscn) KO mice. Twitch and tetanus tension were not significantly different in the diaphragm of WT and Obscn KO mice, while the time to peak (TTP) and half relaxation time (HRT) were prolonged. Differences in force-frequency and force-velocity relationships and an enhanced fatigability are observed in an Obscn KO diaphragm with respect to WT controls. Voltage clamp experiments show that a sarcoplasmic reticulum's Ca2+ release and SERCA reuptake rates were decreased in muscle fibers from Obscn KO mice, suggesting that an impairment in intracellular Ca2+ dynamics could explain the observed differences in the TTP and HRT in the diaphragm. In partial contrast with previous observations, Obscn KO mice show a normal exercise tolerance, but fiber damage, the altered sarcomere ultrastructure and M-band disarray are still observed after intense exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Pierantozzi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Molecular Medicine Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.P.); (E.M.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Péter Szentesi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.S.); (B.D.); (J.F.); (T.O.); (L.C.)
| | - Cecilia Paolini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University Gabriele d’ Annunzio of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.S.); (B.D.); (J.F.); (T.O.); (L.C.)
| | - János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.S.); (B.D.); (J.F.); (T.O.); (L.C.)
| | - Tamás Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.S.); (B.D.); (J.F.); (T.O.); (L.C.)
| | - Barbara Colombini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (B.C.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Dilson E. Rassier
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC H2W 1S4, Canada;
| | - Egidio Maria Rubino
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Molecular Medicine Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.P.); (E.M.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Stephan Lange
- Biomedical Research Facility 2, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Molecular Medicine Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.P.); (E.M.R.); (D.R.)
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.S.); (B.D.); (J.F.); (T.O.); (L.C.)
| | - Maria Angela Bagni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (B.C.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Science and Research Center Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Molecular Medicine Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.P.); (E.M.R.); (D.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gilbertson SE, Weinmann AS. Conservation and divergence in gene regulation between mouse and human immune cells deserves equal emphasis. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:1077-1087. [PMID: 34740529 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Model organisms such as mice are important for basic research and serve as valuable tools in preclinical translational studies. A challenge with translating findings from mice to humans is identifying and separating evolutionarily conserved mechanisms in the immune system from those diverging between species. A significant emphasis has been placed on defining conserved gene regulation principles, with divergent mechanisms often overlooked. We put forward the perspective that both conserved and divergent mechanisms that regulate gene expression programs are of equal importance. With recent advances and availability of datasets, immunologists should take a closer look at the role for genetic diversity in altering gene expression programs between mouse and human immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Amy S Weinmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Daniel AR, Luo L, Lee CL, Kirsch DG. Investigating the Role of Inflammasome Caspases 1 and 11 in the Acute Radiation Syndrome. Radiat Res 2021; 196:686-689. [PMID: 34644390 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00141.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high dose radiation causes life-threatening acute and delayed effects. Defining the mechanisms of lethal radiation-induced acute toxicity of gastrointestinal and hematopoietic tissues are critical steps to identify drug targets to mitigate and protect against the acute radiation syndrome (ARS). For example, one rational approach would be to design pharmaceuticals that block cell death pathways to preserve tissue integrity in radiation-sensitive organ systems including the gastrointestinal tract and hematopoietic compartment. A previous study reported that the inflammasome pathway, which mediates inflammatory cell death through pyroptosis, promotes ARS. However, we show that mice lacking the inflammatory executioner caspases, caspase-1 and caspase-11, are not protected from ARS when compared directly to littermates expressing caspase-1 and caspase-11. These results suggest that alternative pathways will need to be targeted by drugs that successfully mitigate and protect against the ARS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Daniel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Lixia Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.,Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ruterbusch M, Pruner KB, Shehata L, Pepper M. In Vivo CD4 + T Cell Differentiation and Function: Revisiting the Th1/Th2 Paradigm. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 38:705-725. [PMID: 32340571 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-103019-085803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of CD4+ T cell subset-defining master transcription factors and framing of the Th1/Th2 paradigm ignited the CD4+ T cell field. Advances in in vivo experimental systems, however, have revealed that more complex lineage-defining transcriptional networks direct CD4+ T cell differentiation in the lymphoid organs and tissues. This review focuses on the layers of fate decisions that inform CD4+ T cell differentiation in vivo. Cytokine production by antigen-presenting cells and other innate cells influences the CD4+ T cell effector program [e.g., T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17]. Signals downstream of the T cell receptor influence whether individual clones bearing hallmarks of this effector program become T follicular helper cells, supporting development of B cells expressing specific antibody isotypes, or T effector cells, which activate microbicidal innate cells in tissues. These bifurcated, parallel axes allow CD4+ T cells to augment their particular effector program and prevent disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Ruterbusch
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA; ,
| | - Kurt B Pruner
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA; ,
| | - Laila Shehata
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA; ,
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA; ,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lancien M, Bienvenu G, Salle S, Gueno L, Feyeux M, Merieau E, Remy S, Even A, Moreau A, Molle A, Fourgeux C, Coulon F, Beriou G, Bouchet-Delbos L, Chiffoleau E, Kirstetter P, Chan S, Kerfoot SM, Abdu Rahiman S, De Simone V, Matteoli G, Boncompain G, Perez F, Josien R, Poschmann J, Cuturi MC, Louvet C. Dendritic Cells Require TMEM176A/B Ion Channels for Optimal MHC Class II Antigen Presentation to Naive CD4 + T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:421-435. [PMID: 34233909 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular ion fluxes emerge as critical actors of immunoregulation but still remain poorly explored. In this study, we investigated the role of the redundant cation channels TMEM176A and TMEM176B (TMEM176A/B) in retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt+ cells and conventional dendritic cells (DCs) using germline and conditional double knockout mice. Although Tmem176a/b appeared surprisingly dispensable for the protective function of Th17 and group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the intestinal mucosa, we found that they were required in conventional DCs for optimal Ag processing and presentation to CD4+ T cells. Using a real-time imaging method, we show that TMEM176A/B accumulate in dynamic post-Golgi vesicles preferentially linked to the late endolysosomal system and strongly colocalize with HLA-DM. Taken together, our results suggest that TMEM176A/B ion channels play a direct role in the MHC class II compartment of DCs for the fine regulation of Ag presentation and naive CD4+ T cell priming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Lancien
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Geraldine Bienvenu
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Sonia Salle
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Lucile Gueno
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Magalie Feyeux
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, INSERM UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Merieau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Severine Remy
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Amandine Even
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Aurelie Moreau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Alice Molle
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Fourgeux
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Flora Coulon
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Gaelle Beriou
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Laurence Bouchet-Delbos
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Elise Chiffoleau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Peggy Kirstetter
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Susan Chan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Steven M Kerfoot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saeed Abdu Rahiman
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Veronica De Simone
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Gaelle Boncompain
- Dynamique de l'Organisation Intra-Cellulaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Franck Perez
- Dynamique de l'Organisation Intra-Cellulaire, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Regis Josien
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Jeremie Poschmann
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Maria Cristina Cuturi
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Cedric Louvet
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miharada N, Rydström A, Rak J, Larsson J. Uncoupling key determinants of hematopoietic stem cell engraftment through cell-specific and temporally controlled recipient conditioning. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1705-1717. [PMID: 34171287 PMCID: PMC8282468 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are typically characterized by transplantation into irradiated hosts in a highly perturbed microenvironment. Here, we show that selective and temporally controlled depletion of resident HSCs through genetic deletion of Gata2 constitutes efficient recipient conditioning for transplantation without irradiation. Strikingly, we achieved robust engraftment of donor HSCs even when delaying Gata2 deletion until 4 weeks after transplantation, allowing homing and early localization to occur in a completely non-perturbed environment. When HSCs from the congenic strains Ly5.1 and Ly5.2 were competitively transplanted, we found that the more proliferative state of Ly5.2 HSCs was associated with superior long-term engraftment when using conditioning by standard irradiation, while higher CXCR4 expression and a better homing ability of Ly5.1 HSCs strongly favored the outcome in our inducible HSC depletion model. Thus, the mode and timing of recipient conditioning challenges distinct functional features of transplanted HSCs. Inducible gene deletion of Gata2 rapidly and selectively depletes the HSC pool Gata2 deletion constitutes efficient recipient conditioning for HSC transplantation The model enables detection of HSC engraftment in a non-perturbed microenvironment Transplantation without irradiation uniquely challenges homing properties of HSCs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Miharada
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Rydström
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Justyna Rak
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tata A, Dodard G, Fugère C, Leget C, Ors M, Rossi B, Vivier E, Brossay L. Combination blockade of KLRG1 and PD-1 promotes immune control of local and disseminated cancers. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1933808. [PMID: 34188973 PMCID: PMC8208121 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1933808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade therapy is effective against many cancers; however, new targets need to be identified to treat patients who do not respond to current treatment or demonstrate immune escape. Here, we showed that blocking the inhibitory receptor Killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) enhances anti-tumor immunity mediated by NK cells and CD8+ T cells. We found that loss of KLRG1 signaling alone significantly decreased melanoma and breast cancer tumor growth in the lungs of mice. In addition, we demonstrated that KLRG1 blockade can synergize with PD-1 checkpoint therapy to increase the therapeutic efficacy compared to either treatment alone. This effect was even observed with tumors that do not respond to PD-1 checkpoint therapy. Double blockade therapy led to significantly decreased tumor size, increased frequency and activation of CD8+ T cells, and increased NK cell frequency and maturation in the tumor microenvironment. These findings demonstrate that KLRG1 is a novel checkpoint inhibitor target that affects NK and T cell anti-tumor immunity, both alone and in conjunction with established immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tata
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Garvin Dodard
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Céline Fugère
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Mélody Ors
- Innate Pharma Research Labs., Marseille, France
| | | | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Labs., Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunologie De Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Service d'Immunologie, Hôpital De La Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Brossay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Lead Contact
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pharmacological target-focused transcriptomic analysis of native vs cultured human and mouse dorsal root ganglia. Pain 2021; 161:1497-1517. [PMID: 32197039 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons detect sensory inputs and are crucial for pain processing. They are often studied in vitro as dissociated cell cultures with the assumption that this reasonably represents in vivo conditions. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has directly compared genome-wide transcriptomes of DRG tissue in vivo versus in vitro or between laboratories and culturing protocols. Comparing RNA sequencing-based transcriptomes of native to cultured (4 days in vitro) human or mouse DRG, we found that the overall expression levels of many ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors specifically expressed in neurons are markedly lower although still expressed in culture. This suggests that most pharmacological targets expressed in vivo are present under the condition of dissociated cell culture, but with changes in expression levels. The reduced relative expression for neuronal genes in human DRG cultures is likely accounted for by increased expression of genes in fibroblast-like and other proliferating cells, consistent with their mitotic status in these cultures. We found that the expression of a subset of genes typically expressed in neurons increased in human and mouse DRG cultures relative to the intact ganglion, including genes associated with nerve injury or inflammation in preclinical models such as BDNF, MMP9, GAL, and ATF3. We also found a striking upregulation of a number of inflammation-associated genes in DRG cultures, although many were different between mouse and human. Our findings suggest an injury-like phenotype in DRG cultures that has important implications for the use of this model system for pain drug discovery.
Collapse
|
19
|
Stetka J, Skoda RC. Mouse models of myeloproliferative neoplasms for pre-clinical testing of novel therapeutic agents. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 165:26-33. [PMID: 33542546 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), are clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders driven by gain-of-function mutations in JAK2 (JAK2-V617F), CALR or MPL genes. MPN treatment options currently mainly consist of cytoreductive therapy with hydroxyurea and JAK2 inhibitors such as ruxolitinib and fedratinib. Pegylated interferon-alpha can induce complete molecular remission (CMR) in some MPN patients when applied at early stages of disease. The ultimate goal of modern MPN treatment is to develop novel therapies that specifically target mutant HSCs in MPN and consistently induce CMR. Basic research has identified a growing number of candidate drugs with promising effects in vitro. A first step on the way to developing these compounds into drugs approved for treatment of MPN patients often consists of examining the effects in vivo using pre-clinical mouse models of MPN. Here we review the current state of MPN mouse models and the experimental setup for their optimal use in drug testing. In addition to novel compounds, combinatorial therapeutic approaches are often considered for the treatment of MPN. Optimized and validated mouse models can provide an efficient way to rapidly assess and select the most promising combinations and thereby contribute to accelerating the development of novel therapies of MPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stetka
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Martin LB, Hanson HE, Hauber ME, Ghalambor CK. Genes, Environments, and Phenotypic Plasticity in Immunology. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:198-208. [PMID: 33518415 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For most of its history, immunology has sought to control environmental variation to establish genetic causality. As with all biological traits though, variation among individuals arises by three broad pathways: genetic (G), environmental (E), and the interactive between the two (GxE); and immunity is no different. Here, we review the value of applying the evolutionary frameworks of phenotypic plasticity and reaction norms to immunology. Because standardized laboratory environments are vastly different from the conditions under which populations evolved, we hypothesize that immunology might presently be missing important phenotypic variation and even focusing on dysregulated molecular and cellular processes. Modest adjustments to study designs could make model organism immunology more productive, reproducible, and reflective of human physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn B Martin
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Haley E Hanson
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mark E Hauber
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vahedi G. Remodeling the chromatin landscape in T lymphocytes by a division of labor among transcription factors. Immunol Rev 2021; 300:167-180. [PMID: 33452686 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An extraordinary degree of condensation is required to fit the eukaryotic genome inside the nucleus. This compaction is attained by first coiling the DNA around structures called nucleosomes. Mammalian genomes are further folded into sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) configurations, enabling the genetic code to dictate a diverse range of cell fates. Recent advances in molecular and computational technologies have enabled the query of higher-order chromatin architecture at an unprecedented resolution and scale. In T lymphocytes, similar to other developmental programs, the hierarchical genome organization is shaped by a highly coordinated division of labor among different classes of sequence-specific transcription factors. In this review, we will summarize the general principles of 1D and 3D genome organization, introduce the common experimental and computational techniques to measure the multilayer chromatin organization, and discuss the pervasive role of transcription factors on chromatin organization in T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Vahedi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The inbred mouse strain C57BL/6 has been widely used as a background strain for spontaneous and induced mutations. Developed in the 1930s, the C57BL/6 strain
diverged into two major groups in the 1950s, namely, C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N, and more than 20 substrains have been established from them worldwide. We previously
reported genetic differences among C57BL/6 substrains in 2009 and 2015. Since then, dozens of reports have been published on phenotypic differences in
behavioral, neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic traits. Substrains need to be chosen according to the purpose of the study because phenotypic
differences might affect the experimental results. In this paper, we review recent reports of phenotypic and genetic differences among C57BL/6 substrains, focus
our attention on the proper use of C57BL/6 and other inbred strains in the era of genome editing, and provide the life science research community wider
knowledge about this subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Mekada
- Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.,Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pan G, Zhang K, Li C, Hu X, Kausar S, Gu H, Yang L, Cui H. A hemocyte-specific cathepsin L-like cysteine protease is involved in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone and microbial pathogens stimulation in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Mol Immunol 2020; 131:78-88. [PMID: 33376000 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin L protease belongs to the papain-like cysteine proteases family, plays indispensable roles in animals' pathological and physiological processes. However, little is known about Cathepsin L in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Herein, a novel Cathepsin L-like (Cat L-like) was cloned and identified from silkworm by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Cat L-like contains an intact open reading frame (ORF) of 1 668 bp and encodes 556 amino acid residues, consisting of a signal peptide, typical cathepsins' inhibitor_I29, and pept_C1 domain. Cat L-like is specifically and highly expressed in hemocytes. The cathepsin (including Cathepsin L, B, and H) crude extract from hemocytes had typical substrate specific catalytic activities and were sensitive to pH and temperature. Cat L-like up-regulated considerably after 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) administration, indicating that Cat L-like may be regulated by insect hormone. The responses of Cat L-like against bacterial infection suggest it may play essential roles in silkworm immunity. Overall, our studies provide a theoretical basis and insights to further investigate the functions of Cat L-like and in insects' innate immunity mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
A bilateral tumor model identifies transcriptional programs associated with patient response to immune checkpoint blockade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23684-23694. [PMID: 32907939 PMCID: PMC7519254 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002806117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized treatment of many cancer types, but the majority of treated patients still do not respond to ICB. There is an urgent need to identify predictive biomarkers of response prior to or shortly after therapy initiation, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Here we utilize a model of bilateral tumor implantations followed by resection and immunotherapy-response assessment to study the tumor microenvironment shortly following treatment, identifying biomarkers for response or resistance at early time points. Our biomarker gene signatures derived from CD8+ T cells significantly segregate patients by survival and associate with patient response to ICB. Our findings provide a general approach for studying mechanisms of resistance to ICB and discovering predictive biomarkers of response. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is efficacious in many diverse cancer types, but not all patients respond. It is important to understand the mechanisms driving resistance to these treatments and to identify predictive biomarkers of response to provide best treatment options for all patients. Here we introduce a resection and response-assessment approach for studying the tumor microenvironment before or shortly after treatment initiation to identify predictive biomarkers differentiating responders from nonresponders. Our approach builds on a bilateral tumor implantation technique in a murine metastatic breast cancer model (E0771) coupled with anti-PD-1 therapy. Using our model, we show that tumors from mice responding to ICB therapy had significantly higher CD8+ T cells and fewer Gr1+CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) at early time points following therapy initiation. RNA sequencing on the intratumoral CD8+ T cells identified the presence of T cell exhaustion pathways in nonresponding tumors and T cell activation in responding tumors. Strikingly, we showed that our derived response and resistance signatures significantly segregate patients by survival and associate with patient response to ICB. Furthermore, we identified decreased expression of CXCR3 in nonresponding mice and showed that tumors grown in Cxcr3−/− mice had an elevated resistance rate to anti-PD-1 treatment. Our findings suggest that the resection and response tumor model can be used to identify response and resistance biomarkers to ICB therapy and guide the use of combination therapy to further boost the antitumor efficacy of ICB.
Collapse
|
25
|
Walter HC, Weinmann AS. Are You There? Genetic Variation Impacts Long-Distance Connections in Diabetes. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:269-271. [PMID: 32169284 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new study by Fasolino et al. defines how genetic variation in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) affects long-distance genomic interactions. The research has widespread implications for understanding how genetic diversity impacts disease susceptibility, and raises important concepts about mechanisms that can be influenced by genetic diversity between individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Walter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amy S Weinmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
In this issue of Immunity, Chisolm et al. (2019) issue a "three-alarm fire" warning to the immunology research community of unexpectedly widespread genetic variation in widely used congenic mouse strains and provide a simple method to identify such a variation through a re-analysis of existing RNA-seq and ChIP-seq datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Dikiy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|