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Paramasivam G, Palem VV, Meenakshy S, Suresh LK, Gangopadhyay M, Antherjanam S, Sundramoorthy AK. Advances on carbon nanomaterials and their applications in medical diagnosis and drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:114032. [PMID: 38905812 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are indispensable due to their unique properties of high electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and thermal stability, which makes them important nanomaterials in biomedical applications and waste management. Limitations of conventional nanomaterials, such as limited surface area, difficulty in fine tuning electrical or thermal properties and poor dispersibility, calls for the development of advanced nanomaterials to overcome such limitations. Commonly, carbon nanomaterials were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), laser ablation or arc discharge methods. The advancement in these techniques yielded monodispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and allows p-type and n-type doping to enhance its electrical and catalytic activities. The functionalized CNTs showed exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal conductivity (3500-5000 W/mK) properties. On the other hand, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) exhibit strong photoluminescence properties with high quantum yield. Carbon nanohorns are another fascinating type of nanomaterial that exhibit a unique structure with high surface area and excellent adsorption properties. These carbon nanomaterials could improve waste management by adsorbing pollutants from water and soil, enabling precise environmental monitoring, while enhancing wastewater treatment and drug delivery systems. Herein, we have discussed the potentials of all these carbon nanomaterials in the context of innovative waste management solutions, fostering cleaner environments and healthier ecosystems for diverse biomedical applications such as biosensing, drug delivery, and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Paramasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India.
| | - Vishnu Vardhan Palem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641022 India
| | - Simi Meenakshy
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Lakshmi Krishnaa Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Santhy Antherjanam
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Ashok K Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, No.162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India.
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Groenewold M, Bleeker EAJ, Noorlander CW, Sips AJAM, van der Zee M, Aitken RJ, Baker JH, Bakker MI, Bouman EA, Doak SH, Drobne D, Dumit VI, Florin MV, Fransman W, Gonzalez MM, Heunisch E, Isigonis P, Jeliazkova N, Jensen KA, Kuhlbusch T, Lynch I, Morrison M, Porcari A, Rodríguez-Llopis I, Pozuelo BM, Resch S, Säämänen AJ, Serchi T, Soeteman-Hernandez LG, Willighagen E, Dusinska M, Scott-Fordsmand JJ. Governance of advanced materials: Shaping a safe and sustainable future. NANOIMPACT 2024; 35:100513. [PMID: 38821170 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The past few decades of managing the uncertain risks associated with nanomaterials have provided valuable insights (knowledge gaps, tools, methods, etc.) that are equally important to promote safe and sustainable development and use of advanced materials. Based on these insights, the current paper proposes several actions to optimize the risk and sustainability governance of advanced materials. We emphasise the importance of establishing a European approach for risk and sustainability governance of advanced materials as soon as possible to keep up with the pace of innovation and to manage uncertainty among regulators, industry, SMEs and the public, regarding potential risks and impacts of advanced materials. Coordination of safe and sustainable advanced material research efforts, and data management according to the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) principles will enhance the generation of regulatory-relevant knowledge. This knowledge is crucial to identify whether current regulatory standardised and harmonised test methods are adequate to assess advanced materials. At the same time, there is urgent need for responsible innovation beyond regulatory compliance which can be promoted through the Safe and Sustainable Innovation Approach. that combines the Safe and Sustainable by Design concept with Regulatory Preparedness, supported by a trusted environment. We further recommend consolidating all efforts and networks related to the risk and sustainability governance of advanced materials in a single, easy-to-use digital portal. Given the anticipated complexity and tremendous efforts required, we identified the need of establishing an organisational structure dedicated to aligning the fast technological developments in advanced materials with proper risk and sustainability governance. Involvement of multiple stakeholders in a trusted environment ensures a coordinated effort towards the safe and sustainable development, production, and use of advanced materials. The existing infrastructures and network of experts involved in the governance of nanomaterials would form a solid foundation for such an organisational structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Groenewold
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Eric A J Bleeker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelle W Noorlander
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Adriënne J A M Sips
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Robert J Aitken
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James H Baker
- Nanotechnology Industries Association (NIA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine I Bakker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Evert A Bouman
- The Climate and Environmental Research Institute (NILU), Department of Environmental Chemistry and Health, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Swansea University, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Sciences, SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Verónica I Dumit
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Mar M Gonzalez
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Heunisch
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAUA), Dortmund/ Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kuhlbusch
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAUA), Dortmund/ Berlin, Germany
| | - Iseult Lynch
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrea Porcari
- Italian Association for Industrial Research (AIRI), Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Susanne Resch
- BioNanoNet Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Tommaso Serchi
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Lya G Soeteman-Hernandez
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Egon Willighagen
- Maastricht University, Dept of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Dusinska
- The Climate and Environmental Research Institute (NILU), Department of Environmental Chemistry and Health, Kjeller, Norway
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Blekos K, Chairetakis K, Lynch I, Marcoulaki E. Principles and requirements for nanomaterial representations to facilitate machine processing and cooperation with nanoinformatics tools. J Cheminform 2023; 15:44. [PMID: 37046286 PMCID: PMC10099932 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-022-00669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient and machine-readable representations are needed to accurately identify, validate and communicate information of chemical structures. Many such representations have been developed (as, for example, the Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System and the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier), each offering advantages specific to various use-cases. Representation of the multi-component structures of nanomaterials (NMs), though, remains out of scope for all the currently available standards, as the nature of NMs sets new challenges on formalizing the encoding of their structure, interactions and environmental parameters. In this work we identify a set of principles that a NM representation should adhere to in order to provide "machine-friendly" encodings of NMs, i.e. encodings that facilitate machine processing and cooperation with nanoinformatics tools. We illustrate our principles by showing how the recently introduced InChI-based NM representation, might be augmented, in principle, to also encode morphology and mixture properties, distributions of properties, and also to capture auxiliary information and allow data reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Blekos
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15341, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Kostas Chairetakis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15341, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Effie Marcoulaki
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15341, Agia Paraskevi, Greece.
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