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Chen L, Yu X, Chen W, Qiu F, Li D, Yang Z, Yang S, Lu S, Wang L, Feng S, Xiu P, Tang M, Wang H. Nanoscale detection of carbon dots-induced changes in actin skeleton of neural cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 668:293-302. [PMID: 38678885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the cytotoxicity of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) is crucial for their applications, and various biochemical assays have been used to study the effects of CDs on cells. Knowledge on the effects of CDs from a biophysical perspective is integral to the recognition of their cytotoxicity, however the related information is very limited. Here, we report that atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used as an effective tool for studying the effects of CDs on cells from the biophysical perspective. We achieve this by integrating AFM-based nanomechanics with AFM-based imaging. We demonstrate the performance of this method by measuring the influence of CDs on living human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells at the single-cell level. We find that high-dose CDs can mechanically induce elevated normalized hysteresis (energy dissipation during the cell deformation) and structurally impair actin skeleton. The nanomechanical change highly correlates with the alteration of actin filaments, indicating that CDs-induced changes in SH-SY5Y cells are revealed in-depth from the AFM-based biophysical aspect. We validate the reliability of the biophysical observations using conventional biological methods including cell viability test, fluorescent microscopy, and western blot assay. Our work contributes new and significant information on the cytotoxicity of CDs from the biophysical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Fucheng Qiu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Songrui Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shengjun Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shuanglong Feng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mingjie Tang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Huabin Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology, Chongqing 400714, China.
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DeLoid GM, Yang Z, Bazina L, Kharaghani D, Sadrieh F, Demokritou P. Mechanisms of ingested polystyrene micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) uptake and translocation in an in vitro tri-culture small intestinal epithelium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134706. [PMID: 38795489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) are now ubiquitous contaminants of food and water. Many cellular and animal studies have shown that ingested MNPs can breach the intestinal barrier to reach the circulation. To date however, the cellular mechanisms involved in intestinal absorption of MNPs have not been investigated with physiologically relevant models, and thus remain unknown. We employed in vitro simulated digestion, a tri-culture small intestinal epithelium model, and a panel of inhibitors to assess the contributions of the possible mechanisms to absorption of 26 nm carboxylated polystyrene (PS26C) MNPs. Inhibition of ATP synthesis reduced translocation by only 35 %, suggesting uptake by both active endocytic pathways and passive diffusion. Translocation was also decreased by inhibition of dynamin and clathrin, suggesting involvement of clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) and fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME). Inhibition of actin polymerization also significantly reduced translocation, suggesting involvement of macropinocytosis or phagocytosis. However, inhibition of the Na+-H+ exchanger had no effect on translocation, thus ruling out macropinocytosis. Together these results suggest uptake by passive diffusion as well as by active phagocytosis, CME, and FEME pathways. Further studies are needed to assess uptake mechanisms for other environmentally relevant MNPs as a function of polymer, surface chemistry, and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen M DeLoid
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Zhenning Yang
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lila Bazina
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Davood Kharaghani
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Faranguisse Sadrieh
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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3
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Lin X, Chen T. A Review of in vivo Toxicity of Quantum Dots in Animal Models. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:8143-8168. [PMID: 38170122 PMCID: PMC10759915 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s434842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tremendous research efforts have been devoted to nanoparticles for applications in optoelectronics and biomedicine. Over the past decade, quantum dots (QDs) have become one of the fastest growing areas of research in nanotechnology because of outstanding photophysical properties, including narrow and symmetrical emission spectrum, broad fluorescence excitation spectrum, the tenability of the emission wavelength with the particle size and composition, anti-photobleaching ability and stable fluorescence. These characteristics are suitable for optical imaging, drug delivery and other biomedical applications. Research on QDs toxicology has demonstrated QDs affect or damage the biological system to some extent, and this situation is generally caused by the metal ions and some special properties in QDs, which hinders the further application of QDs in the biomedical field. The toxicological mechanism mainly stems from the release of heavy metal ions and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). At the same time, the contact reaction with QDs also cause disorders in organelles and changes in gene expression profiles. In this review, we try to present an overview of the toxicity and related toxicity mechanisms of QDs in different target organs. It is believed that the evaluation of toxicity and the synthesis of environmentally friendly QDs are the primary issues to be addressed for future widespread applications. However, considering the many different types and potential modifications, this review on the potential toxicity of QDs is still not clearly elucidated, and further research is needed on this meaningful topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotan Lin
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, DongGuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Family Planning, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, DongGuan, People’s Republic of China
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Li J, Tan R, Bian X, Ge Z, Li J, Li Z, Liao L, Yang L, Zhang R, Zhou P. Design of carbon dots for bioimaging and behavior regulation of stem cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1109-1134. [PMID: 37610118 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have been widely used in bioimaging, biosensing and biotherapy because of their good biocompatibility, optical properties and stability. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the research on CDs in terms of synthesis methods, optical properties and biotoxicity. We describe and envisage the directions for CDs application in stem cell imaging and differentiation, with the aim of stimulating the design of future related CDs. We used 'carbon dots', 'stem cells', 'cell imaging', 'cell differentiation' and 'fate control' as keywords to search for important articles. The Web of Science database was used to extract vital information from a total of 357 papers, 126 review articles and 231 article proceedings within 12 years (2011-2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongshuang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueru Bian
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangjie Ge
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
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Jia M, Yi B, Chen X, Xu Y, Xu X, Wu Z, Ji J, Tang J, Yu D, Zheng Y, Zhou Q, Zhao Y. Carbon dots induce pathological damage to the intestine via causing intestinal flora dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:167. [PMID: 37231475 PMCID: PMC10210306 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon dots (CDs), as excellent antibacterial nanomaterials, have gained great attention in treating infection-induced diseases such as periodontitis and stomatitis. Given the eventual exposure of CDs to the intestine, elucidating the effect of CDs on intestinal health is required for the safety evaluation of CDs. RESULTS Herein, CDs extracted from ε-poly-L-lysine (PL) were chosen to explore the modulation effect of CDs on probiotic behavior in vitro and intestinal remodeling in vivo. Results verify that PL-CDs negatively regulate Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) growth via increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reducing the antioxidant activity, which subsequently destroys membrane permeability and integrity. PL-CDs are also inclined to inhibit cell viability and accelerate cell apoptosis. In vivo, the gavage of PL-CDs is verified to induce inflammatory infiltration and barrier damage in mice. Moreover, PL-CDs are found to increase the Firmicutes to Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio and the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae while decreasing that of Muribaculaceae. CONCLUSION Overall, these evidences indicate that PL-CDs may inevitably result in intestinal flora dysbiosis via inhibiting probiotic growth and simultaneously activating intestinal inflammation, thus causing pathological damage to the intestine, which provides an effective and insightful reference for the potential risk of CDs from the perspective of intestinal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jia
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Bingcheng Yi
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Xian Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Yongzhi Xu
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Xinkai Xu
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Zhaoxu Wu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Dianke Yu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
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Couvillion SP, Danczak RE, Cao X, Yang Q, Keerthisinghe TP, McClure RS, Bitounis D, Burnet MC, Fansler SJ, Richardson RE, Fang M, Qian WJ, Demokritou P, Thrall BD. Graphene oxide exposure alters gut microbial community composition and metabolism in an in vitro human model. NANOIMPACT 2023; 30:100463. [PMID: 37060994 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties that make them highly promising for biomedical, environmental, and agricultural applications. There is growing interest in the use of GO and extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted to assess its nanotoxicity. Although it is known that GO can alter the composition of the gut microbiota in mice and zebrafish, studies on the potential impacts of GO on the human gut microbiome are largely lacking. This study addresses an important knowledge gap by investigating the impact of GO exposure- at low (25 mg/L) and high (250 mg/L) doses under both fed (nutrient rich) and fasted (nutrient deplete) conditions- on the gut microbial communitys' structure and function, using an in vitro model. This model includes simulated oral, gastric, small intestinal phase digestion of GO followed by incubation in a colon bioreactor. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that GO exposure resulted in a restructuring of community composition. 25 mg/L GO induced a marked decrease in the Bacteroidota phylum and increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota (F/B). Untargeted metabolomics on the supernatants indicated that 25 mg/L GO impaired microbial utilization and metabolism of substrates (amino acids, carbohydrate metabolites) and reduced production of beneficial microbial metabolites such as 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and GABA. Exposure to 250 mg/L GO resulted in community composition and metabolome profiles that were very similar to the controls that lacked both GO and digestive enzymes. Differential abundance analyses revealed that 3 genera from the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteroides, Dysgonomonas, and Parabacteroides) were more abundant after 250 mg/L GO exposure, irrespective of feed state. Integrative correlation network analysis indicated that the phylum Bacteroidota showed strong positive correlations to multiple microbial metabolites including GABA and 3-indoleacetic acid, are much larger number of correlations compared to other phyla. These results show that GO exposure has a significant impact on gut microbial community composition and metabolism at both low and high GO concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha P Couvillion
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Robert E Danczak
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Tharushi P Keerthisinghe
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Ryan S McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meagan C Burnet
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Sarah J Fansler
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rachel E Richardson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Brian D Thrall
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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McClure R, Garcia M, Couvillion S, Farris Y, Hofmockel KS. Removal of primary nutrient degraders reduces growth of soil microbial communities with genomic redundancy. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1046661. [PMID: 36762098 PMCID: PMC9902710 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1046661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding how microorganisms within a soil community interact to support collective respiration and growth remains challenging. Here, we used a model substrate, chitin, and a synthetic Model Soil Consortium (MSC-2) to investigate how individual members of a microbial community contribute to decomposition and community growth. While MSC-2 can grow using chitin as the sole carbon source, we do not yet know how the growth kinetics or final biomass yields of MSC-2 vary when certain chitin degraders, or other important members, are absent. Methods To characterize specific roles within this synthetic community, we carried out experiments leaving out members of MSC-2 and measuring biomass yields and CO2 production. We chose two members to iteratively leave out (referred to by genus name): Streptomyces, as it is predicted via gene expression analysis to be a major chitin degrader in the community, and Rhodococcus as it is predicted via species co-abundance analysis to interact with several other members. Results Our results showed that when MSC-2 lacked Streptomyces, growth and respiration of the community was severely reduced. Removal of either Streptomyces or Rhodococcus led to major changes in abundance for several other species, pointing to a comprehensive shifting of the microbial community when important members are removed, as well as alterations in the metabolic profile, especially when Streptomyces was lacking. These results show that when keystone, chitin degrading members are removed, other members, even those with the potential to degrade chitin, do not fill the same metabolic niche to promote community growth. In addition, highly connected members may be removed with similar or even increased levels of growth and respiration. Discussion Our findings are critical to a better understanding of soil microbiology, specifically in how communities maintain activity when biotic or abiotic factors lead to changes in biodiversity in soil systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Marci Garcia
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Sneha Couvillion
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Yuliya Farris
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Kirsten S. Hofmockel
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Pete AM, Ingle PU, Raut RW, Shende SS, Rai M, Minkina TM, Rajput VD, Kalinitchenko VP, Gade AK. Biogenic Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots (CDs) and Their Application in Bioimaging of Agricultural Crops. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:209. [PMID: 36616122 PMCID: PMC9824522 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles have a transformative potential for advanced sensors and devices for point-of-need diagnostics and bioimaging, bypassing the technical burden of meeting the assay performance requirements. Carbon dots (CDs) are rapidly emerging carbon-based nanomaterials. Regardless of their fate, they will find increasing applications. In this study, a simple approach for synthesizing CDs from fruit peels was developed. The CDs were fabricated from Annona squamosa (L.) peels using a carbonization technique through microwave-assisted hydrothermal digestion at temperatures around 200 °C. Synthesized CDs were detected using a UV transilluminator for the preliminary confirmation of the presence of fluorescence. UV-Vis spectrophotometry (absorbance at 505 nm) analysis, zeta potential measurement (-20.8 mV), nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA) (average size: 15.4 nm and mode size: 9.26 nm), photoluminescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis were used to identify the capping functional groups on the CDs. The total quantum yield exhibited was 8.93%, and the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed the size range up to 40 nm. The germinating mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.)) seeds were incubated with biogenically synthesized CDs to check the absorption of CDs by them. The fluorescence was observed under a UV-transilluminator in the growing parts of seeds, indicating the absorption of CDs during the germination, development, and growth. These fluorescent CDs could be used as a bioimaging agent. This novel method of synthesizing CDs was found to be eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay M. Pete
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pramod U. Ingle
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh W. Raut
- Department of Botany, The Institute of Science, 15, Madame Cama Road, Mumbai 400032, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudhir S. Shende
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Tatiana M. Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | - Aniket K. Gade
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
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Li Y, Bai H, Zhang J, Tang J, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhao Z, Xiao Y, Lü Y. Fluorescent property of carbon dots extracted from cigarette smoke and the application in bio-imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:47026-47037. [PMID: 36558640 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is one of the six major pollution sources in the room air. It contains large number of particles with size less than 10 nm. There exist carbon dots (CDs) in cigarette smoke which have strong fluorescence and with good bio-compatibility and low toxicity. CDs in cigarette smoke can be applied in bio-imaging which has great potential applications in the integration of cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, CDs were extracted from cigarette smoke. Then, sodium borohydride was added to CDs aqueous solution for reduction and the reduced CDs (R-CDs) were used for biological cell imaging. The results indicate that the CDs with the particle size <10 nm in cigarette smoke are self-assembled by the polymerizated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and ammonium nitrite which are disk nano-structure composed of sp2/sp3 carbon and oxygen/nitrogen groups or polymers. Sodium borohydride can reduce the carbonyl group on the surface of CDs to hydroxyl group and increase the ratio of the Na 1s ratio of the CDs from 1.86 to 7.42. The CDs can emit blue fluorescence under ultraviolet irradiation. After reduction, the R-CDS have the intensity of fluorescence 7.2 times than before and the fluorescence quantum yield increase from 6.13% to 8.86%. The photoluminescence (PL) wavelength of R-CDS have red-shift of 7 nm which was due to the increasing of Na element ratio. The onion epidermal cells labeled with R-CDs show that the CDs could pass through the cell wall into the cell and reach the nucleus. The cell wall and the nucleus could be clearly visualized. CDs also shows low toxicity to human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) with good biological activity. The obtained results indicate that the CDs and R-CDs have good fluorescent property which could be used as bio-imaging agent.
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McClure R, Farris Y, Danczak R, Nelson W, Song HS, Kessell A, Lee JY, Couvillion S, Henry C, Jansson JK, Hofmockel KS. Interaction Networks Are Driven by Community-Responsive Phenotypes in a Chitin-Degrading Consortium of Soil Microbes. mSystems 2022; 7:e0037222. [PMID: 36154140 PMCID: PMC9599572 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00372-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganisms provide key ecological functions that often rely on metabolic interactions between individual populations of the soil microbiome. To better understand these interactions and community processes, we used chitin, a major carbon and nitrogen source in soil, as a test substrate to investigate microbial interactions during its decomposition. Chitin was applied to a model soil consortium that we developed, "model soil consortium-2" (MSC-2), consisting of eight members of diverse phyla and including both chitin degraders and nondegraders. A multiomics approach revealed how MSC-2 community-level processes during chitin decomposition differ from monocultures of the constituent species. Emergent properties of both species and the community were found, including changes in the chitin degradation potential of Streptomyces species and organization of all species into distinct roles in the chitin degradation process. The members of MSC-2 were further evaluated via metatranscriptomics and community metabolomics. Intriguingly, the most abundant members of MSC-2 were not those that were able to metabolize chitin itself, but rather those that were able to take full advantage of interspecies interactions to grow on chitin decomposition products. Using a model soil consortium greatly increased our knowledge of how carbon is decomposed and metabolized in a community setting, showing that niche size, rather than species metabolic capacity, can drive success and that certain species become active carbon degraders only in the context of their surrounding community. These conclusions fill important knowledge gaps that are key to our understanding of community interactions that support carbon and nitrogen cycling in soil. IMPORTANCE The soil microbiome performs many functions that are key to ecology, agriculture, and nutrient cycling. However, because of the complexity of this ecosystem we do not know the molecular details of the interactions between microbial species that lead to these important functions. Here, we use a representative but simplified model community of bacteria to understand the details of these interactions. We show that certain species act as primary degraders of carbon sources and that the most successful species are likely those that can take the most advantage of breakdown products, not necessarily the primary degraders. We also show that a species phenotype, including whether it is a primary degrader or not, is driven in large part by the membership of the community it resides in. These conclusions are critical to a better understanding of the soil microbial interaction network and how these interactions drive central soil microbiome functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Yuliya Farris
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Robert Danczak
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - William Nelson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Hyun-Seob Song
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Aimee Kessell
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Lee
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Sneha Couvillion
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher Henry
- Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - Janet K. Jansson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Kirsten S. Hofmockel
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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