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Chen K, Liu J, Wang X, Chu P, Feng G, Zeng Y, Xu X, Guo Y, Ni X. Epidemiological characteristics of paediatric burn patients in China from 2016 to 2019: a retrospective study. BMJ Paediatr Open 2023; 7:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001796. [PMID: 37156562 PMCID: PMC10174007 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological characteristics of paediatric burn can help to protect children from burn injuries. Most of the previous studies have been conducted on small scale and single centre in China. This study analysed the epidemiological characteristics of paediatric burn using a large-scale and multicentre database from 23 children's hospitals in China to increase child protection against burn injuries, improve the quality of care and reduce hospitalisation costs. METHODS Excerpted information from medical records of 6741 paediatric burn cases was extracted from the Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development database from 2016 to 2019. The epidemiological characteristics of patients, including gender, age, cause of burn injuries, complication, the timing of hospitalisation (season and month) and hospitalisation length and cost, were collected. RESULTS Male gender (63.23%), aged 1-2 years (69.95%), and hydrothermal scald (80.57%) were significantly dominant among cases. Furthermore, complications were significantly different among groups with different age of patients. Pneumonia was the most common complication (21%). Meanwhile, most paediatric burn occurred in spring (26.73%), and hospitalisation length and cost significantly depended on the cause of the burn injuries and surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale epidemiological study of paediatric burn in China revealed that boys aged 1-2 years with higher activity and lack of self-awareness are more likely to suffer from burn injuries by hydrothermal scald. In addition, complications, especially pneumonia, need attention and early prevention in paediatric burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Disaeases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoshuang Feng
- Big Data Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Zeng
- Medical Record Management Office, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Infromation Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Disaeases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Disaeases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children' s Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Abbasi H, Dehghani A, Mohammadi AA, Ghadimi T, Keshavarzi A. The Epidemiology of Chemical Burns Among the Patients Referred to Burn Centers in Shiraz, Southern Iran, 2008-2018. Bull Emerg Trauma 2021; 9:195-200. [PMID: 34692871 PMCID: PMC8525699 DOI: 10.30476/beat.2021.90754.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of chemical burns among the patients admitted to Shiraz burn treatment centers. Methods: It is a descriptive study that was conducted on 62 patients with chemical burns who were admitted between 2008 and 2018. The patients’ records were used in the research using the census sampling process. A questionnaire with questions about age, sex, the extent of the burn, the cause of the burn, duration of hospital stay, level of education, incident location, and clinical outcome was used to collect data (survival-death). The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Results: The prevalence of chemical burns was 1% during 2008-2018. Acid and alkali burns were accounted for 93.5% and 6.5% of burns, respectively. 77.4% of patients were male, and 22.6% were female. The mean age of patients was 27 years. The average burn percentage was 16%. 70.6% of patients were illiterate or had primary education. Burns occurred at the workplace and home in 12.9% and 66.1% of cases, respectively. Moreover, Burns occurred due to accident (61%), acid attack (29%), and self-immolation (10%). The average length of hospital stay was 20 days. One patient (1.6%) died from burns. Conclusion: The study’s findings revealed that chemical burns were more common in men than women, and the majority of chemical burns occurred at home. To minimize the occurrence of chemical burns and acid attacks, teaching methods of preventing burns is important at home and work, as well as restricting non-specialists’ access to chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Dehghani
- Department of Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Mohammadi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayyeb Ghadimi
- Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolkhalegh Keshavarzi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Ahmmed AA, Ting DSJ, Figueiredo FC. Epidemiology, economic and humanistic burdens of Ocular Surface Chemical Injury: A narrative review. Ocul Surf 2021; 20:199-211. [PMID: 33647471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ocular surface chemical injury (OSCI) is a common type of ocular emergency that can potentially cause significant and permanent visual impairment. However, the global prevalence, demographic factors, socioeconomic burden, and psychological impact of OSCI have not been well investigated or reported. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these aspects, highlight gaps in the literature, and advocate key strategies in reducing the incidence of OSCI. OSCI was responsible for 0.1-15% of all ocular emergency presentations, with an estimated incidence of 5.1-50 per 100,000 population-year. Young working adult men were the most at-risk group, though high rates of OSCI were also observed in young children in developed countries, especially from detergent pods. Low- and middle-income countries were noted to have higher proportions of assault-related and pediatric OSCI cases, often with more severe presentations. Direct and indirect costs for some hospitalized patients led to loss of all personal and household income after the injury. Emergency department costs in the United States were estimated at $106.7 million over four years and costs of treating long term complications such as glaucoma were estimated to be as high as $93,003 over five years. Significant negative impacts on visual and health-related quality of life and psychological well-being have been reported after injury, with higher rates of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress compared to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsara A Ahmmed
- South Bristol Academy, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK; University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Darren Shu Jeng Ting
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Francisco C Figueiredo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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Aydogdu HI, Kirci GS, Askay M, Bagci G, Peksen TF, Ozer E. Medicolegal evaluation of cases with burn trauma: Accident or physical abuse. Burns 2020; 47:888-893. [PMID: 33131946 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Burns are thermal injuries that may have a wide variety of clinical consequences from simple injuries to mortality. There are many aspects that must be medicolegally addressed in both non-survivors and survivors from burn injuries. The objective of this study was to determine sociodemographic characteristics, injury patterns, treatment requirements and prognoses of patients with burn injuries to evaluate the findings of neglect-abuse and forensic reporting processes. This study also aimed to contribute to the medicolegal classification criteria in respect of the factors that have an effect on the prognosis in the analyses. MATERIAL AND METHOD The study was conducted by retrospective review of digital files and paper records of patients who received therapy in the Burns Unit of KTU Farabi Hospital between 1st January, 2013, and 31st December, 2017. RESULTS Evaluation was made of a total of 1225 patients, comprising 769 (62.8%) males and 456 (37.2%) females, with a mean age of 21.8 ± 23.8 years (range, 1-89 years). The mean burnt body surface area was 14.29 ± 13.74. A trauma-related psychiatric disorder was diagnosed in 60 (4.9%) patients during treatment. When the medical history and physical examination findings were evaluated together, burn injuries suggested physical abuse in 54 patients (4.4%). The doctors who evaluated the patients with burn injuries in the emergency room and those who applied treatment in the Burns Unit made a forensic notification for 379 (30.9%) patients. The mean age of non-survivors was significantly higher than that of patients who survived to discharge (56.54 ± 28.60 years for non-survivors and 19.39 ± 23.12 years for survivors; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Burn injuries are frequently encountered, and they require precautionary measures. Burn injuries due to abuse are more frequently observed in the elderly and especially in children. Thus, the findings must be correctly interpreted, and more effort should be made to improve the knowledge of healthcare professionals about forensic reporting. Moreover, regulations should be implemented in respect of the medicolegal classification of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guven Seckin Kirci
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Askay
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gozde Bagci
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Furkan Peksen
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Erdal Ozer
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
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Li T, Jiang B, Zhou X. Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized for ocular chemical injuries in Shanghai from 2012 to 2017. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:909-916. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with ocular chemical injuries and evaluate their potential relationship with the visual outcome by analyzing the medical records of these patients from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2017.
Methods
This is a retrospective case series study. Patient data included age, gender, occupational classification, location of ocular chemical injury, initial and final best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), nature and chemical phase, distribution and severity of chemical injury, management methods, and complications. All variables were evaluated for their potential relationship with visual outcome.
Results
A total of 160 patients were hospitalized with ocular chemical injuries. Majority of the patients were factory workers and arrived at the consultation room less than 24 h after injury. The most common ocular injury setting, classification of severity, causative chemical, chemical phase, and complications were workplace, grade II, unknown and mixed substance, liquid, and elevated IOP, respectively. The risk factors for poor final BCDVA were identified as older age, poor initial BCDVA, and irrigation 24 h after injury (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.011, respectively).
Conclusions
We elaborate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with ocular chemical injuries in Jinshan District, Shanghai. A comprehensive education program should be established and the use of protective eyewear should be promoted to prevent occupation-related ocular chemical injuries.
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Majeed S, Rahman MU, Majeed H, Rahman SU, Hayat A, Smith SD. Chemical mismanagement and skin burns among hospitalized and outpatient department patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2019; 27:817-830. [PMID: 31251122 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2019.1638142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. This article attempts to elucidate the nature of chemicals causing major and minor skin burns, and their associated characterization across different industries, using Fujian provincial hospitals' admission and outpatient department records. Materials and methods. Data were collected from the provincial hospitals of Fujian through a questionnaire, sent via email, from June 1, 2017 to November 30, 2017. The collected responses were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 19 through the interquartile range, median, Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test with two-tailed significance. Results and conclusions. The results of 306 collected responses reveal that the majority of skin burn cases are due to a lack of technical education and professional training among workers handling chemicals. This study suggests that management's effective supervision and governmental regulations may help to prevent chemical skin burns at work, and can further be controlled by hiring professional workers alongside providing training to them in chemical handling as well as using protective equipment and developing appropriate management policies to improve victims' well-being and quality of life. Findings will help workers, doctors, hospitals, industries, government and other stakeholders to understand and control chemical hazards on site to minimize the risks of chemical skin burn incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hammad Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ur Rahman
- Urban Policy Unit Planning and Development Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (UPU, P&DD GoKP) Civil Secretariat, Pakistan
| | - Asif Hayat
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, China
| | - Sandra D Smith
- University of Auckland Business School, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Akelma H, Karahan ZA. Rare chemical burns: Review of the Literature. Int Wound J 2019; 16:1330-1338. [PMID: 31446674 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many chemicals that can cause burns. Although they are generally acidic and basic in nature, there are more than one million known chemical compounds, of which 300 have been declared highly hazardous chemical substances by the National Fire Protection Society. Chemical burns account for approximately 10.7% of all burn injuries and 30% of deaths because of burns. Chemicals can be classified as acid, alkali, organic, and inorganic compounds. Acids act by denaturing and coagulating proteins. Alkaline burns cause deeper burns than acid burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Akelma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Zeki A Karahan
- Department of General Surgery and Burn Clinic, Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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8
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Orchard A, van Vuuren SF. Carrier oils in dermatology. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:653-672. [PMID: 31321504 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Wounds are a common medical infliction. With the increase in microbial resistance and a shift of interest towards complementary medicines, essential oils have been shown to be beneficial in suppressing microbial growth. However, in practice, essential oils are more often diluted into a base due to the risk of topical adverse effects, such as dermatitis. There is a lack of collated evidence-based information on toxicity and efficacy of carrier oils. The current information on the subject matter is restricted to generic, aroma-therapeutic books and pamphlets, based on anecdotal evidence rather than an experimental approach. Therefore, this review aimed at identifying the recommended carrier oils used in dermatology and thereafter collating the scientific evidence to support the use of carrier oils together with essential oils recommended for dermatological use. Aloe vera gel had multiple studies demonstrating the ability to enhance wound healing; however, several other carrier oils have been largely neglected. It was observed that the extracts for certain plant species had been used to justify the use of the carrier oils of the same plant species. This is an inaccurate cross assumption due to the difference in chemical composition and biological activities. Lastly, despite these carrier oils being recommended as a base for essential oils, very little data was found on the interactive profile of the carrier oil with the essential oil. This review provides a platform for further studies, especially if essential oils are to receive credence in the scientific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ané Orchard
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Sandy F van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
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Wang Y, Yu X, Qian W, Zhou D, Yang T, Wang S, He W, Luo G. Epidemiologic Investigation of Chemical Burns in Southwestern China from 2005 to 2016. J Burn Care Res 2018; 39:1006-1016. [PMID: 29939259 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iry032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiological characteristics of chemical burns vary in different regions of the world. This study aims to survey the epidemiology, outcomes, and costs of chemical burns in southwest China, to determine associated risk factors and to obtain data for developing an effective approach to prevent and treat chemical burns. This retrospective study includes 410 cases with chemical burns admitted to the Institute of Burn Research of Southwest Hospital from 2005 to 2016. Data, including demographic, etiology, outcomes, and costs, were collected and analyzed. A total of 410 cases admitted to our burn center were included. The average age of the burn patients was 38.58 ± 14.66 years. The incidence of chemical burns peaked in autumn. The most common etiology were acids. Limbs were the most common burn sites (59.51%). Average total body surface area (TBSA) was 12.37 ± 18.67%. The percentage of patients who underwent procedures and the number of procedures were significantly greater for TBSA and full-thickness burns. The mortality of chemical burns was 1.22%. The median length of stay (LOS) and cost were 21 days and 65,852 CNY, respectively. The major risk factors for cost were the number of procedures, TBSA and full-thickness burns, the major risk factors for LOS were the number of procedures and outcome. Chemical burns mainly occurred in adult males with occupational exposures to chemical agents due to inappropriate operation. Emphasis on safety education for the public and professional pre-employment training for workers should become key preventive targets to reduce the incidence of chemical burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, China
| | - Xunzhou Yu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, China
| | - Daijun Zhou
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, China
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, China
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10
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Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:E70. [PMID: 29280987 PMCID: PMC5796020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant oils have been utilized for a variety of purposes throughout history, with their integration into foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. They are now being increasingly recognized for their effects on both skin diseases and the restoration of cutaneous homeostasis. This article briefly reviews the available data on biological influences of topical skin applications of some plant oils (olive oil, olive pomace oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, safflower seed oil, argan oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, avocado oil, borage oil, jojoba oil, oat oil, pomegranate seed oil, almond oil, bitter apricot oil, rose hip oil, German chamomile oil, and shea butter). Thus, it focuses on the therapeutic benefits of these plant oils according to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the skin, promotion of wound healing and repair of skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Kai Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Lily Zhong
- California State University, Los Angeles, School of Nursing, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA.
| | - Juan Luis Santiago
- Dermatology Service & Translational Research Unit (UIT), Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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11
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Koh DH, Lee SG, Kim HC. Incidence and characteristics of chemical burns. Burns 2017; 43:654-664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Conceptual model of acid attacks based on survivor’s experiences: Lessons from a qualitative exploration. Burns 2017; 43:608-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Abouie A, Salamati P, Hafezi-Nejad N, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Saadat S, Amin-Esmaeili M, Sharifi V, Hajebi A, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Incidence and cost of non-fatal burns in Iran: a nationwide population-based study. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2017; 25:23-30. [PMID: 28387170 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2017.1310739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To determine the incidence and cost of non-fatal burns in Iran; this cross-sectional household survey of a nationally representative sample of 15-64 years old was conducted. Through face-to-face interviews and telephone calls, the data on the demographics, history and cost of burns were collected. The annual incidence rate of burns was estimated 129.85 per 1000 population. Burns occurred higher in younger age, female gender and urban residency. The most common burn description was as follows: unpaid work (activity during burn), home (place of burn), heat and hot substances (mechanism of burn) and upper limb (site of burn). The average total cost of burn includes victims seeking medical care was US$124 per case. The main findings of this study suggest that burns are a major public health concern in Iran. To stop this important health issue, a national program for burn prevention and education must be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Abouie
- a Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Payman Salamati
- a Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Hafezi-Nejad
- a Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- b Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) , Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Soheil Saadat
- a Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- b Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) , Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Vandad Sharifi
- c Department of Psychiatry , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ahmad Hajebi
- d Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behavior (ReCARB), Psychiatric Department , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- a Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
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14
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Oral Chemical Burns Reported to the Poisons Information Centre in Erfurt, Germany, from 1997 to 2014. J Burn Care Res 2017; 38:e913-e922. [PMID: 28319530 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Devastating oral burns often followed by lifelong complications can result from ingestion of caustic substances. However, although being one of the most challenging situations in clinical practice, literature data on the epidemiology of oral burns are still scarce. Retrospective analysis of all cases of oral burns after ingestion of corrosive substances reported to the Poisons Information Centre in Erfurt, Germany, from 1997 to 2014 was performed. In total, 482 calls because of oral burns were registered, with no change in the numbers of cases during the years. In the majority of the instances (47%), toddlers were affected, followed by middle-aged adults (33%). In both age groups, the male sex prevailed. Ingestion of corrosive substances with babies, schoolchildren, adolescents, and elderly were much less frequent. In most cases (78%), the injury occurred accidentally and only in 5% of the instances in suicidal intent; 85% of the suicidal attempts were committed by middle-aged adults and 15% by elderly. Main agents involved in oral burns were cleansing agents (37%), remedies (12%), disinfectants (7%), acids or bases (6%), technical fluids (6%), cosmetics (5%), and foods (5%). Mostly, the calls came from emergency department doctors (58%), in 19% laymen were calling from home, and in 18% the calls came from a doctor's office. Most of the injuries occurred accidentally, in the domestic setting and in toddlers, and would have been preventable. Thus, a more comprehensive education of the population, especially of parents, regarding the dangers arising from household chemicals is still needed.
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Osseointegrated Implants: An Alternative Approach in Patients with Bilateral Auricular Defects due to Chemical Assault. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2016; 2016:7371645. [PMID: 27200202 PMCID: PMC4855002 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7371645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid attacks committed as crimes of passion are unfortunately becoming far from infrequent occurrence. The injuries sustained in such attacks mainly involve the face and trunk, with the acid causing cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue burns that can result in permanent scarring, loss of the nose or external ear, and severe visual impairment. Different surgical solutions have been proposed for reconstruction of the auricle following loss of the ear through traumatic injury or cancer or in patients with congenital defects: surgical reconstruction may involve the insertion of an autogenous rib cartilage framework or the use of a porous polymer material inserted into an expanded postauricular flap. Reconstruction with rib cartilage has given good results but requires more than one surgical step and may be associated with adverse events involving both the donor site and the recipient site, while rejections of polymeric prostheses have been reported following their insertion into expanded postauricular flaps. The use of a titanium dowel-retained silicone prosthesis, in which the dowel is anchored to the temporal bone, is a surgical possibility, indicated particularly in cases of pinna resection due to tumour or auricular scarring following traumatic injury.
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Moustafa GA, Xanthopoulou E, Riza E, Linos A. Skin disease after occupational dermal exposure to coal tar: a review of the scientific literature. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:868-79. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Xanthopoulou
- Faculty of Medicine; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Elena Riza
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics; Medical School; University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Athena Linos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics; Medical School; University of Athens; Athens Greece
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichloroacetic acid is routinely used by gynecologists to treat anogenital diseases, and accidental exposure to the health care providers may result in serious burns. This case serves to raise awareness of accidental exposure of trichloroacetic acid and describes preventive, first aid, and treatment recommendations that may limit the incidence and severity of burn injury among gynecologists. CASE A 32-year-old female gynecologist incurred a deep second-degree, 12×14-cm, work-related chemical burn by unintentionally spilling a container of approximately 20 mL of 80% trichloroacetic acid onto her right thigh during an outpatient procedure. First aid included removal of her soaked clothing, 5 minutes of soap and cold water irrigation, and liberal placement of petroleum-based ointment onto the injury site. Treatment consisted of topical silver sulfadiazine cream twice a day, coverage with silver-impregnated silicone foam dressing, and a circumferential soft bandage to minimize sheer forces along the wound. A 9-month follow-up demonstrated a well-healed, mildly hypopigmented, aesthetically favorable wound with return of sensation. CONCLUSION Accidental trichloroacetic acid burns are a potential hazard in a gynecology office. Health care workers should be familiar with prevention, first aid, and appropriate treatment that often can result in acceptable long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Rasouli
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Molla Sadra Street, PO Box 1436614313, Tehran, Iran.
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Tan A, Bharj AK, Nizamoglu M, Barnes D, Dziewulski P. Assaults from corrosive substances and medico legal considerations in a large regional burn centre in the United Kingdom: calls for increased vigilance and enforced legislation. Scars Burn Heal 2015; 1:2059513115612945. [PMID: 29799575 PMCID: PMC5965332 DOI: 10.1177/2059513115612945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn injuries from corrosive substances have been recognised as a common method of assault in low and middle income countries (LMICs) motivated by various factors. Such injuries often leave survivors with severely debilitating physical and psychological injuries and scars. The number of reported cases of acid assaults within the United Kingdom (UK) appears to be on the rise. As one of the largest regional burn centres in the UK, we have reviewed our experience of chemical burns from assault. This study aims to: (1) review the demographics, incidence and patient outcomes; (2) evaluate the long-term psychosocial support provided; and (3) review current criminal litigation proceedings and preventative legislations in the UK specific to assault by corrosive substances. A 15-year retrospective review of 21 burn injuries from assault with corrosive substances presenting to a regional burn unit was conducted. Victims were mostly young men; male perpetrators were more common. The most common motive cited was assault. The most common anatomical region affected was the face and neck. The number of victims who pursue litigation is disproportionately lower than the number of total cases at presentation. In an effort to better understand the legal considerations surrounding such assaults, we also collaborated with lawyers experienced in this particular field. We hope that our work will help educate healthcare professionals regarding the legal assistance and existing laws available to protect these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethea Tan
- St. Andrew’s Centre for Plastic Surgery
and Burns, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
- St. Andrews Anglia Ruskin Plastic
Surgery and Burns Research Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Chelmsford,
UK
| | | | - Metin Nizamoglu
- St. Andrew’s Centre for Plastic Surgery
and Burns, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
| | - David Barnes
- St. Andrew’s Centre for Plastic Surgery
and Burns, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Peter Dziewulski
- St. Andrew’s Centre for Plastic Surgery
and Burns, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
- St. Andrews Anglia Ruskin Plastic
Surgery and Burns Research Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Chelmsford,
UK
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Ni L, You C, Ye C, Jiang R, Liu L, Liu J, Han C. A review of treatment strategies for hydrofluoric acid burns: Current status and future prospects. Burns 2014; 40:1447-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Hardwicke J, Bechar J, Bella H, Moiemen N. Cutaneous chemical burns in children – A comparative study. Burns 2013; 39:1626-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hardwicke J, Hunter T, Staruch R, Moiemen N. Chemical burns – An historical comparison and review of the literature. Burns 2012; 38:383-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Fam IM, Nikoomaram H, Soltanian A. Comparative analysis of creative and classic training methods in health, safety and environment (HSE) participation improvement. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Mohammadi R. Epidemiology of burns in Iran during the last decade (2000-2010): review of literature and methodological considerations. Burns 2011; 38:319-29. [PMID: 22119445 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The approach to burn prevention, to be effective in a particular area, should be based on sound knowledge of etiological patterns of burns injuries and must take into account the geographical variations and socioeconomic differences in burn epidemiology. Although many articles are published on burns epidemiology in Iran, a holistic view of burn epidemiology in Iran is not well presented in literature. In this study, a wide literature review was made on articles published regarding burns injuries in Iran. Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Iranian scientific information (SID) databases were searched for information on epidemiology of burns in Iran during the years 2000-2010. During the investigation we found that few Farsi journals were not indexed in SID during the earlier years of the decade, so to increase the chance of capturing necessary information these were checked by hand. As the second source, available data from the Iranian National Home Injury Registry Database (INHIRD) during two Iranian calendar years in the period 2001-2003 were used to extract necessary information. The results of this review helped in defining the magnitude of the burns problem, exploring the role of gender and age in burns, defining the agents causing burns, burn extent, burn mortality and place of injury occurrence. Some areas with paucity of information as well as methodological pitfalls in published research were identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani
- Injury Epidemiology & Prevention Research Center, Statistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Health & Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Clinical characteristics and visual outcome of severe ocular chemical injuries in Shanghai. Ophthalmology 2010; 117:2268-72. [PMID: 20591491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics of patients with severe ocular chemical injury in Shanghai and to determine their relationship with visual outcome. DESIGN Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS A total of 79 525 in-patients at Shanghai Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital between 1998 and 2008. METHODS Medical records of severe ocular chemical injuries were reviewed retrospectively. Patients' age, gender, occupation, location where injury occurred, the nature of chemical agent, complication, and visual acuity at final follow-up were described. The relationship between visual impairment and clinical characteristics was analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Estimated prevalence rate, demographics of patients, nature of injury, prognosis, and factors associated with visual impairment. RESULTS The estimated prevalence rate in Shanghai of severe ocular chemical injury was 1.58 per 100,000. One hundred ninety cases with 239 eyes were identified for analyzing the clinical characteristics. The average age of all subjects was 35.3 ± 14.8 years with a male:female ratio of 6:1. Factory and construction worker (n = 141; 74.2% of total cases) were the most common occupations. Most of the accidents occurred at workplace (n = 144; 74.8%); the majority of injuries were caused by alkali agents (n = 129; 67.9%). Complications were found in 222 eyes (92.9%). A visual acuity of ≥ 6/60 was achieved only in 5 eyes (2.1%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, being visually impaired was significantly associated with the patients' complication (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of severe ocular chemical injury in Shanghai is low. Most subjects needed surgery to restore visual function. Successful management provides a good prognosis for most patients.
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Dissanaike S, Rahimi M. Epidemiology of burn injuries: highlighting cultural and socio-demographic aspects. Int Rev Psychiatry 2009; 21:505-11. [PMID: 19919203 DOI: 10.3109/09540260903340865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Burns are devastating injuries that disproportionately affect people in developing countries, including children. In addition to a high mortality rate, survivors are burdened with life-long physical and emotional scars. The etiology and nature of burn injuries varies significantly by country, and this chapter explores the predominant causes and patterns of burn injury in both the developing and industrialized worlds. Gender differences play a significant role in the risk of burn injuries, across a spectrum with a predominance of women injured in fires from cooking and heating fuels in the developing world and industrial accidents primarily affecting men in developed nations. Children are particularly vulnerable to burn injuries, accounting for almost 50% of all burn patients in some studies. A majority of pediatric burns are scald injuries usually affecting very young children below the age of 5 years, and we discuss the behavioral patterns underlying this finding. Finally, the elderly form a rapidly increasing proportion of the population in many countries, and are often burdened with comorbidities that are likely to pose significant challenges in burn care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Dissanaike
- Division of Trauma and Burn Care, Department of Surgery, and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA.
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