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Zhang H, Jiang X, Yu Q, Cui X, Liu Y, Tremblay PL, Zhang T. A fast and sensitive colorimetric sensor for residual chlorine detection made with oxidized cellulose. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 323:124930. [PMID: 39111031 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Residual chlorine from widespread disinfection processes forms byproducts in water that are harmful to humans and ecosystems. Portable sensors are essential tools for the on-site monitoring of residual chlorine in environmental samples. Here, an inexpensive colorimetric sensor was developed by grafting via amidation the chromogen orthotolidine (OTO) to the surface of a TEMPO-oxidized cellulose filter paper (O-TOFP). A thorough characterization of the sensor strip demonstrated that it was highly stable and that it could be stored for a long period before usage. O-TOFP had a fast response time of 30 s, was highly selective for residual chlorine ions (ClO-) with an accuracy of at least 95 %, and exhibited an excellent limit of detection of only 0.045 mg/L when combined with smartphone image acquisition. With its many positive features, the easy-to-use and robust O-TOFP sensor described here could become a useful tool for the determination of residual chlorine in different water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Qin Yu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaoman Cui
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Pier-Luc Tremblay
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, PR China; Shaoxing Institute for Advanced Research, Wuhan University of Technology, Shaoxing 312300, PR China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572024, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Shaoxing Institute for Advanced Research, Wuhan University of Technology, Shaoxing 312300, PR China.
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Lee S, Lee JJ, Jung S, Choi B, Lee HS, Kim KT, Kim C. Fast and easy detection of hypochlorite by a smartphone-based fluorescent turn-on probe: Applications to water samples, zebrafish and plant imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124418. [PMID: 38749200 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a fluorescent probe DBT-Cl ((E)-2-(2-(4-(diphenylamino)benzylidene) hydrazinyl)-N,N,N-trimethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium chloride) for ClO- with an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) strategy depending on solvent polarity. DBT-Cl possessed a prominent solvatochromic emission property with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the TPA (triphenylamine) to the amide group, which was studied by spectroscopic analysis and DFT calculations. These unique AIE properties of DBT-Cl led to the recognition of ClO- with high fluorescent selectivity. DBT-Cl quickly detected ClO- in less than 1 sec with a fluorescent color change from green to cyan. DBT-Cl had a low detection limit of 9.67 μM to ClO-. Detection mechanism of DBT-Cl toward ClO- was illustrated to be oxidative cleavage of DBT-Cl by 1H NMR titrations, ESI-mass, and DFT calculations. We established the viability for dependable detection of ClO- in actual water samples, as well as zebrafish and plant imaging. In particular, DBT-Cl was capable of easily monitoring ClO- through a smartphone application. Therefore, DBT-Cl assured a promising approach for a fast-responsive and multi-applicable ClO- probe in environmental and living organism systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooseong Lee
- Department of Fine Chem., SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.), Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Jae Jun Lee
- Department of Fine Chem., SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.), Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Sumin Jung
- Department of Fine Chem., SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.), Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Boeun Choi
- Department of Fine Chem., SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.), Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Han-Seul Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, SNUT (Seoul National University of Science and Technology), Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, SNUT (Seoul National University of Science and Technology), Seoul 01811, South Korea.
| | - Cheal Kim
- Department of Fine Chem., SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.), Seoul 01811, South Korea.
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Yuan Y, Yan J, Liu J, Wang Y, Chen Y. Ex_g-C 3N 4 as a novel fluorescent probe for sensitive detecting ClO - in water samples with portable test strip. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340715. [PMID: 36628719 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive hypochlorite (ClO-) is easy to form residues in water, which will seriously endanger human health and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is essential to develop a sensitive fluorescent sensor to detect ClO- in water. Herein, a simple and economical fluorescent probe for the detection of ClO- was designed by highly exfoliated graphite-like carbon nitride (Ex_g-C3N4). The results showed that Ex_g-C3N4 had obvious fluorescence quenching effect on ClO- with high selectivity and anti-interference ability, which was feasible for making probes for detecting ClO- in water. Sensing experiments showed that the Ex_g-C3N4 probe had the detection limit of 5.56 nM while the detection range was 0-62 mM in water. Moreover, the fast response time of Ex_g-C3N4 was less than 30 s, illustrating the superior sensitivity. Besides, the fluorescence sensing experiment was carried out in various liquid conditions, which demonstrated that Ex_g-C3N4 probe had outstanding detecting application in natural environment. A portable fluorescent test strip for rapid detecting ClO- was successfully developed. The response of the probe on test strip towards ClO- was investigated, and the detection limit (0.1 μM) is low enough to meet the safety requirements in tap water. Furthermore, the quenching mechanism of Ex_g-C3N4 probe was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Jun Yan
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Jianfei Liu
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yaru Wang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yunlin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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Green-emitting carbon quantum dots as a dual-mode fluorescent and colorimetric sensor for hypochlorite. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2651-2660. [PMID: 35165778 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In this work, green-emitting carbon quantum dots were successfully prepared through a facile one-step solid-state reaction method. The obtained green-emitting carbon dots (G-CDs) showed good fluorescence stability in NaCl aqueous solution and different pH values. Moreover, the G-CDs showed high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting hypochlorite by both fluorometry and colorimetry. Under the optimized condition, a highly sensitive detection of hypochlorite was established in the range of 0.2-100 μM and 10-150 μM for fluorescent and colorimetric methods, respectively. The corresponding limits of detection (LOD) were 0.0781 μM and 1.82 μM, respectively. Therefore, the G-CDs were successfully applied to determinate hypochlorite in actual water samples. In addition, a paper-based sensor loading with the G-CDs was also developed for rapid visual detection of hypochlorite. The results suggested that the G-CDs could be a promising candidate to detect hypochlorite.
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Wu Q, Tao T, Zhao Y, Huang W. A Flexible Chemosensor Based on Colorimetric and Fluorescent Dual Modes for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Hypochlorite Anion. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:8082. [PMID: 34884086 PMCID: PMC8659631 DOI: 10.3390/s21238082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A flexible chemosensor has been developed based on colorimetric and fluorescent dual modes using tetraphenylethylene-centered tetraaniline (TPE4A) for rapid and sensitive detection of hypochlorite anion. The fluorescent probe TPE4A exhibits a unique aggregation-induced emission (AIE) character which is proved by a blue shift of the fluorescent peak from 544 to 474 nm with the water equivalents increasing. With the addition of hypochlorite in solution, the absorbance of the probe changes and the responding fluorescence color can be observed to change from light green to purple. The detection limit of hypochlorite is 1.80 × 10-4 M in solution, and the visual detection limit is 1.27 µg/cm2 with the naked eye for the flexible paper-based chemosensor. The proposed flexible chemosensors show a good selectivity and sensitivity which has great potential for effective detection of hypochlorite anions without any spectroscopic instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China; (Q.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Tao Tao
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China; (Q.W.); (Y.Z.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
| | - Yunxia Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China; (Q.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
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Wen X, Yan L, Fan Z. One-step construction of a novel AIE probe based on diaminomaleonitrile and its application in double-detection of hypochlorites and formaldehyde gas. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00932j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient probe with AIE property was designed and synthesized for application in double-detection of hypochlorites and formaldehyde gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Wen
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
| | - Zhefeng Fan
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
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