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Shah PT, Tufail M, Wu C, Xing L. THP-1 cell line model for tuberculosis: A platform for in vitro macrophage manipulation. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 136:102243. [PMID: 35963145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are large mononuclear phagocytic cells that play a vital role in the immune response. They are present in all body tissues with extremely heterogeneous and plastic phenotypes that adapt to the organs and tissues in which they live and respond in the first-line against invading microorganisms. Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the pathogenic bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which is among the top 10 global infectious agents and the leading cause of mortality, ranking above human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as a single infectious agent. Macrophages, upon Mtb infection, not only phagocytose the bacteria and present the antigens to T-cells, but also react rapidly by developing antimycobacterial immune response depending highly on the production of cytokines. However, Mtb is also capable of intracellular survival in instances of sub-optimal activation of macrophages. Hence, several systems have been established to evaluate the Mtb-macrophage interaction, where the THP-1 monocytes have been developed as an attractive model for in vitro polarized monocyte-derived macrophages. This model is extensively used for Mtb as well as other intracellular bacterial studies. Herein, we have summarized the updated implications of the THP-1 model for TB-related studies and discussed the pros and cons compared to other cell models of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pir Tariq Shah
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi province, China
| | - Muhammad Tufail
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi province, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi province, China; The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Li Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi province, China; The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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2
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Schwager J, Bompard A, Raederstorff D, Hug H, Bendik I. Resveratrol and ω-3 PUFAs Promote Human Macrophage Differentiation and Function. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071524. [PMID: 35884829 PMCID: PMC9313469 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes differentiate into M1 and M2 macrophages, which are classically activated by microbial products such as LPS or IFN-γ and interleukins (e.g., the anti-inflammatory and Th2 promoting IL-4), respectively. The contribution of nutrients or nutrient-based substances such as ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and resveratrol (Res) on the differentiation and function of M1 and M2 macrophages was evaluated. THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were differentiated into M1 and M2 cells and activated with LPS/IFN-γ or IL-4/IL-13. Macrophage lineage specific surface determinants (e.g., CD11b, CD11c, CD14, CD206, CD209, CD274, HLA-DR, CCR7, CCR2) were analysed by cytofluorometry. Res and ω-3 PUFAs altered CD14, CD206, CD274 and HL-DR surface expression patterns in M1 and M2 macrophages differentiated from PBMC. LPS/IFN-γ or IL-14/IL-13 activated macrophages subpopulations, which secreted cytokines and chemokines as measured by multiplex ELISA. Res and ω-3 PUFA reduced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL13/MCP-4 and CCL20/MIP-3α in LPS/IFN-γ activated human leukaemia THP-1 cells, which is indicative of a dampening effect on M1 macrophages. However, Res increased M1 prototypic cytokines such as IL-1β or IL-6 in macrophages derived from PBMCs and also modified the expression of IL-12p70. Collectively, Res and ω-3 PUFAs distinctly promoted the differentiation and function of M1 and M2 macrophages. We conclude that these substances strengthen the macrophage-mediated effects on the innate and adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Schwager
- DSM, HNC, Innovation, Global R&D Center, Wurmisweg 567, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (D.R.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-79-488-0905
| | - Albine Bompard
- DSM, HNB, BDT, Toxicology & Kinetics, Wurmisweg 567, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland;
| | - Daniel Raederstorff
- DSM, HNC, Innovation, Global R&D Center, Wurmisweg 567, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (D.R.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
| | - Hubert Hug
- DSM, HNC, Innovation, Global R&D Center, Wurmisweg 567, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (D.R.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
| | - Igor Bendik
- DSM, HNC, Innovation, Global R&D Center, Wurmisweg 567, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (D.R.); (H.H.); (I.B.)
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Resveratrol, EGCG and Vitamins Modulate Activated T Lymphocytes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185600. [PMID: 34577071 PMCID: PMC8470394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins and bioactives, which are constituents of the food chain, modulate T lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, antibody production, and prevent inflammation and autoimmunity. We investigated the effects of vitamins (vitamin A (VA), D (VD), E (VE)) and bioactives (i.e., resveratrol (Res), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)) on the adaptive immune response, as well as their synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Freshly isolated T lymphocytes from healthy individuals were activated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies for 4–5 days in the presence of bioactives and were analyzed by cytofluorometry. Interleukins, cytokines, and chemokines were measured by multiple ELISA. Gene expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Res and EGCG increased CD4 surface intensity. EGCG led to an increased proportion of CD8+ lymphocytes. Anti-CD3/CD28 activation induced exuberant secretion of interleukins and cytokines by T lymphocyte subsets. VD strongly enhanced Th2 cytokines (e.g., IL-5, IL-13), whereas Res and EGCG favored secretion of Th1 cytokines (e.g., IL-2, INF-γ). Res and VD mutually influenced cytokine production, but VD dominated the cytokine secretion pattern. The substances changed gene expression of interleukins and cytokines in a similar way as they did secretion. Collectively, VD strongly modulated cytokine and interleukin production and favored Th2 functions. Resveratrol and EGCG promoted the Th1 response. VA and VE had only a marginal effect, but they altered both Th1 and Th2 response. In vivo, bioactives might therefore interact with vitamins and support the outcome and extent of the adaptive immune response.
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Jang BK, Lee JW, Choi H, Yim SV. Aronia melanocarpa Fruit Bioactive Fraction Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090816. [PMID: 32887408 PMCID: PMC7554917 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of Aronia melanocarpa fruit extract, human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the effects of aronia bioactive fraction (ABF®), anthocyanin enriched extract from the fruit of A. melanocarpa, were evaluated. Following pretreatment with ABF® at 10–25 µg /mL, BEAS-2B cells were exposed to LPS and the expression of inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted [RANTES], IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], and inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]) was analyzed. In LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells, ABF® pretreatment significantly decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, RANTES, IL-1β, and COX-2 at doses of 10 and 25 µg/mL. ABF® also attenuated the secretion of TNF- α, IL-6, IL-8, and RANTES protein, as demonstrated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analyses revealed the decreased expression of COX-2 and iNOS following ABF® treatment. ROS production was decreased, and the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 and S phases following ABF® pretreatment. Our results suggest that ABF® may have potential as a nutraceutical agent for the suppression of airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Keun Jang
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea;
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Hyun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Sung-Vin Yim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +82-2-968-0560
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5
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Feng L, Yasmeen R, Schoene NW, Lei K, Wang TT. Resveratrol differentially modulates immune responses in human THP-1 monocytes and macrophages. Nutr Res 2019; 72:57-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Patanapongpibul M, Chen QH. Immune Modulation of Asian Folk Herbal Medicines and Related Chemical Components for Cancer Management. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3042-3067. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170705112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Various exciting immunotherapies aiming to address immune deficiency induced
by tumor and treatment hold promise in improving the quality of life and survival
rate of cancer patients. It is thus becoming an important and rewarding arena to develop
some appropriate immune modulators for cancer prevention and/or treatment. Exploitation
of natural products-based immune modulators is of particular imperative because the
potential of numerous traditional herbal medicines and edible mushrooms in boosting
human immune system has long been verified by folklore practices. This review summarizes
the immune modulations of various herbal medicines and edible mushrooms, their
crude extracts, and/or key chemical components that have been, at least partly, associated
with their cancer management. This article also tabulates the origin of species, key
chemical components, and clinical studies of these herbal medicines and edible mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manee Patanapongpibul
- Department of Chemistry, California State University Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, United States
| | - Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Avenue, M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, United States
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Liu Y, Ou Y, Sun L, Li W, Yang J, Zhang X, Hu Y. Alcohol dehydrogenase of Candida albicans triggers differentiation of THP-1 cells into macrophages. J Adv Res 2019; 18:137-145. [PMID: 30923636 PMCID: PMC6424053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans proteins located on the cell wall and in the cytoplasm have gained great attention because they are not only involved in cellular metabolism and the maintenance of integrity but also interact with host immune systems. Previous research has reported that enolase from C. albicans exhibits high immunogenicity and effectively protects mice against disseminated candidiasis. In this study, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) of C. albicans was cloned and purified for the first time, and this study focused on evaluating its effects on the differentiation of the human monocytic cell line THP-1. The morphological features of THP-1 cells exposed to ADH were similar to those of phorbol-12-myristate acetate-differentiated (PMA-differentiated) macrophages. Functionally, ADH enhanced the adhesion, phagocytosis, and killing capacities of THP-1 cells. A flow cytometric assay demonstrated that ADH-induced THP-1 cells significantly increased CD86 and CD11b expression. The production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by cells increased in the presence of ADH. As expected, after pretreatment with a MEK inhibitor (U0126), ADH-induced THP-1 cells exhibited unaltered morphological features, eliminated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, prevented CD86/CD11b upregulation and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine increase. Collectively, these results suggest that ADH enables THP-1 cells to differentiate into macrophages via the ERK pathway, and it may play an important role in the immune response against fungal invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglan Liu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Yuxue Ou
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Luping Sun
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jinghong Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Zhang LQ, Chen XC, Chen ZQ, Wang GM, Zhu SG, Yang YF, Chen KX, Liu XY, Li YM. Eutypenoids A-C: Novel Pimarane Diterpenoids from the Arctic Fungus Eutypella sp. D-1. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E44. [PMID: 26959036 PMCID: PMC4820298 DOI: 10.3390/md14030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutypenoids A-C (1-3), pimarane diterpenoid alkaloid and two ring A rearranged pimarane diterpenoids, were isolated from the culture of Eutypella sp. D-1 obtained from high-latitude soil of the Arctic. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were authenticated on the basis of the mass spectroscopy (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray crystallography, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis. The immunosuppressive effects of eutypenoids A-C (1-3) were studied using a ConA-induced splenocyte proliferation model, which suggested that 2 exhibited potent immunosuppressive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Qiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiao-Chong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhao-Qiang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Gui-Min Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Shi-Guo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yi-Fu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Kai-Xian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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The choice of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate differentiation protocol influences the response of THP-1 macrophages to a pro-inflammatory stimulus. J Immunol Methods 2016; 430:64-70. [PMID: 26826276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human monocytic cell line, THP-1, is the most widely used model for primary human monocytes/macrophages. This is because, following differentiation using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), THP-1 cells acquire a macrophage-like phenotype, which mimics, in many respects, primary human macrophages. Despite the widespread use of THP-1 cells in studies elucidating macrophage responses to inflammatory stimuli, as well as the development and screening of potential therapeutics, there is currently no standardised protocol for the reliable differentiation of THP-1 monocytes to a macrophage phenotype using PMA. Consequently, reports using THP-1 cells have demonstrated significant phenotypic and functional differences between resultant THP-1 macrophage populations, which are largely attributable to the varying PMA differentiation methods used. Thus, to guarantee consistency and reproducibility between studies, and to ensure the relevance of THP-1 cells as an appropriate model for primary human macrophages, it is crucial to develop a standardised protocol for the differentiation of THP-1 macrophages. Accordingly, we compared the function and phenotype of THP-1 macrophages generated using the range of published PMA differentiation protocols, specifically in response to the pro-inflammatory stimulus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results demonstrated that the function of the resultant THP-1 macrophage populations, as determined by tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secretion in response to LPS stimulation, varied significantly, and was dependent upon the concentration of PMA used to stimulate the differentiation of monocytes, and the period of rest following PMA exposure. These data indicate that exposure of monocytic THP-1 cells to 25 nM PMA over 48 h, followed by a recovery period of 24h in culture in the absence of PMA, was the optimal protocol for the differentiation of THP-1 cells.
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Zhang L, Zhang D, Jia Q, Wang R, Dorje G, Zhao Z, Guo F, Yang Y, Li Y. 19(4→3)-abeo-abietane diterpenoids from Scrophularia dentata Royle ex Benth. Fitoterapia 2015; 106:72-7. [PMID: 26291646 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Five 19(4→3)-abeo-abietane diterpenoids, scrodentoids A-E (1-5), were isolated from the whole plant of Scrophularia dentata. Planar structures of scrodentoids A-E were elucidated mainly by using 1D, 2D NMR and MS data. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were established using X-ray crystallographic analysis. The absolute configurations of other compounds were confirmed using HPLC-UV/CD detection. The immunosuppressive effects of compounds 1-5 were studied using a ConA-induced splenocyte proliferation model. These compounds significantly inhibited ConA-induced splenocyte proliferation, with IC50 values in the range of 3.49-133.86 μM. Compounds 1-5 (IC50>10 μM) showed no discernible cytotoxic activity against B16 or MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaawe Dorje
- Tibetan Traditional Medical College, Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifu Yang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Tung BT, Rodríguez-Bies E, Talero E, Gamero-Estévez E, Motilva V, Navas P, López-Lluch G. Anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol in old mice liver. Exp Gerontol 2015; 64:1-7. [PMID: 25687021 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of aging. Caloric restriction and resveratrol (RSV) have shown important effects on prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation. Here, we investigate the progression of proinflammatory markers in liver during aging and the effect of RSV on inflammation markers in the liver of old male C57BL/6J mice. Young (2 months), mature (12 months) and old (18 months) mice were fed during 6 months with RSV. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TNF-α were evaluated by ELISA in mice liver. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α and also their respective mRNA increased in the liver from old mice. However, RSV decreased these levels in the case of IL-1β and TNF-α but only in old mice showing no effect on young and mature animals. This reduction was also found at the mRNA level. Levels of mRNA of the components of NALP-3 inflammasome, ASC, CASP-1, NALP-1 and NALP-3, also showed an age-dependent increase that was reversed by RSV. Furthermore, cyclooxygenase 2 levels, a marker of proinflammatory innate immune activity, were also upregulated in aged liver and reversed again by RSV. In conclusion, our study confirms that aging is accompanied by an increase in the proinflammatory pattern in the liver and that RSV reduces this pattern in old mice liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Thanh Tung
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide CSIC, CIBERER-Instituto de Salud San Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Rodríguez-Bies
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide CSIC, CIBERER-Instituto de Salud San Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Talero
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enrique Gamero-Estévez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide CSIC, CIBERER-Instituto de Salud San Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide CSIC, CIBERER-Instituto de Salud San Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide CSIC, CIBERER-Instituto de Salud San Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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Immunosuppressive Effects of A-Type Procyanidin Oligomers from Cinnamomum tamala. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:365258. [PMID: 25530780 PMCID: PMC4230008 DOI: 10.1155/2014/365258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamon barks extracts have been reported to regulate immune function; however, the component(s) in cinnamon barks responsible for this effect is/are not yet clear. The aim of this study is to find out the possible component(s) that can be used as therapeutic agents for immune-related diseases from cinnamon bark. In this study, the immunosuppressive effects of fraction (named CT-F) and five procyanidin oligomers compounds, cinnamtannin B1, cinnamtannin D1 (CTD-1), parameritannin A1, procyanidin B2, and procyanidin C1, from Cinnamomum tamala or Cinnamomum cassia bark were examined on splenocytes proliferation model induced by ConA or LPS. Then, the effects of activated compound CTD-1 on cytokine production and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response were detected to evaluate the immunosuppressive activity of CTD-1. It was found that CT-F and CTD-1 significantly inhibited the splenocyte proliferation induced by ConA or LPS. CTD-1 dose-dependently reduced the level of IFN-γ and IL-2 and intensively suppressed DNFB-induced DTH responses. These findings suggest that the immunosuppressive activities of cinnamon bark are in part due to procyanidin oligomers. CTD-1 may be a potential therapeutic agent for immune-related diseases.
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Moscovis S, Hall S, Burns C, Scott R, Blackwell C. Development of an experimental model for assessing the effects of cigarette smoke and virus infections on inflammatory responses to bacterial antigens. Innate Immun 2014; 20:647-58. [PMID: 24137042 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913503893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions among major risk factors associated with bacterial infections were assessed in a model system using surrogates for virus infection; IFN-g, and exposure to cigarette smoke; cigarette smoke extract (CSE), nicotine and cotinine. Cytokine responses elicited by LPS from THP-1 cells in the presence of these components, or combinations of components, were assessed by multiplex bead assay, i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ. IFN-γ-priming significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. CSE suppressed production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ, but enhanced production of IL-8. Nicotine and cotinine suppressed all cytokine responses. In combination, IFN-γ masked the inhibitory effects of CSE. In relation to the objectives of the study, we concluded that (a) IFN-γ at biologically relevant concentrations significantly enhanced pro-inflammatory responses; (b) CSE, nicotine and cotinine dysregulated the inflammatory response and that the effects of CSE were different from those of the individual components, nicotine and cotinine; (c) when both IFN-γ and CSE were present, IFN-γ masked the effect of CSE. There is a need for clinical investigations on the increase in IL-8 responses in relation to exposure to cigarette smoke and increased pro-inflammatory responses in relation to recent viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Moscovis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sharron Hall
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia Hunter Area Pathology Service Immunology, New Lambton, Australia
| | - Christine Burns
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia Hunter Area Pathology Service Immunology, New Lambton, Australia
| | - Rodney Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia Human Genetics, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, Australia
| | - Caroline Blackwell
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
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14
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Tong LX, Young LC. Nutrition: The future of melanoma prevention? J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:151-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.01.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Xu J, Mojsoska B. The Immunomodulation Effect of Aronia Extract Lacks Association with Its Antioxidant Anthocyanins. J Med Food 2013; 16:334-42. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Science, Systems, and Models, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Biljana Mojsoska
- Department of Science, Systems, and Models, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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16
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Zheng YY, Viswanathan B, Kesarwani P, Mehrotra S. Dietary agents in cancer prevention: an immunological perspective. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:1083-98. [PMID: 22372381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in the United States. Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiations is believed to be the primary cause for skin cancer. Excessive UV radiation can lead to genetic mutations and damage in the skin's cellular DNA that in turn can lead to skin cancer. Lately, chemoprevention by administering naturally occurring non-toxic dietary compounds has proven to be a potential strategy to prevent the occurrence of tumors. Attention has been drawn toward several natural dietary agents such as resveratrol, one of the major components found in grapes, red wines, berries and peanuts, proanthocyanidins from grape seeds, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea, etc. However, the effect these dietary agents have on the immune system and the immunological mechanisms involved therein are still being explored. In this review, we shall focus on the role of key chemopreventive agents on various immune cells and discuss their potential as antitumor agents with an immunological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ying Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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17
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Zhang J, Lee SM, Shannon S, Gao B, Chen W, Chen A, Divekar R, McBurney MW, Braley-Mullen H, Zaghouani H, Fang D. The type III histone deacetylase Sirt1 is essential for maintenance of T cell tolerance in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 119:3048-58. [PMID: 19729833 DOI: 10.1172/jci38902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many self-reactive T cells are eliminated by negative selection in the thymus, some of these cells escape into the periphery, where they must be controlled by additional mechanisms. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying peripheral T cell tolerance and its maintenance remain largely undefined. In this study, we report that sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a type III histone deacetylase, negatively regulates T cell activation and plays a major role in clonal T cell anergy in mice. In vivo, we found that loss of Sirt1 function resulted in abnormally increased T cell activation and a breakdown of CD4+ T cell tolerance. Conversely, upregulation of Sirt1 expression led to T cell anergy, in which the activity of the transcription factor AP-1 was substantially diminished.Furthermore, Sirt1 interacted with and deacetylated c-Jun, yielding an inactive AP-1 factor. In addition, Sirt1-deficient mice were unable to maintain T cell tolerance and developed severe experimental allergic encephalomyelitis as well as spontaneous autoimmunity. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of T cell activation and anergy, and we suggest that activators of Sirt1 may be useful as therapeutic agents for the treatment and/or prevention of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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18
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Leiro JM, Varela M, Piazzon MC, Arranz JA, Noya M, Lamas J. The anti-inflammatory activity of the polyphenol resveratrol may be partially related to inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) pre-mRNA splicing. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:1114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Sebai H, Ristorcelli E, Sbarra V, Hovsepian S, Fayet G, Aouani E, Lombardo D. Protective effect of resveratrol against LPS-induced extracellular lipoperoxidation in AR42J cells partly via a Myd88-dependent signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 495:56-61. [PMID: 20035708 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria implicated in the pathogenesis of bacterial infection. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic phytoalexin exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the protective effects of this natural compound on LPS-induced proinflammatory effect using non-myeloid AR42J pancreatic cells. We found that LPS dose-dependently increased extracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide without affecting their intracellular level whereas resveratrol abolished all these deleterious effects. LPS increased CD14 expression; IRAK1 and a phosphorylated form of p38 MAPK protein. Resveratrol counteracted LPS effect by decreasing CD14 and IRAK1 expression but unexpectedly increased the p38 MAPK protein phosphorylation. Altogether, our data highlighted the functionality of the TLR4-Myd88 signaling pathway in LPS pro-oxidant effect using non-myeloid cells. They further suggested that resveratrol exerted antioxidant properties either by a Myd88-dependent way not involving IRAK1 or by a TRIF dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Sebai
- INSERM UMR-911 CRO2, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine-Timone, 27 Bld Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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20
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21
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Hu XD, Zhong XG, Zhang XH, Zhang YN, Zheng ZP, Zhou Y, Tang W, Yang Y, Yang YF, Hu LH, Zuo JP. 7′-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propenamide (Z23), an effective compound from the Chinese herb medicine Fissistigma oldhamii (Hemsl.) Merr, suppresses T cell-mediated immunity in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci 2007; 81:1677-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 09/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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23
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Zhou R, Zhang F, He PL, Zhou WL, Wu QL, Xu JY, Zhou Y, Tang W, Li XY, Yang YF, Li YC, Zuo JP. (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), a novel triptolide analog mediates immunosuppressive effects in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:1895-903. [PMID: 16275624 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of triptolide analogs have been successfully synthesized. In the present study we demonstrated one of them, (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), showed low cytotoxicity and relative high immunosuppressive activities as compared with its parent compound triptolide in vitro. The CC50 values of triptolide and LLDT-8 were 2.1+/-0.3 and 256.6+/-73.8 nM, respectively. LLDT-8 significantly inhibited the proliferation of splenocytes induced by concanavalin A (ConA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and the IC50 values were 131.7+/-32.4, 171.5+/-17.3, and 38.8+/-5.1 nM, respectively. LLDT-8 (25, 50, 100 nM) dose-dependently reduced the production of Th1 type cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6) in vitro. Administration of LLDT-8 (at the low dose of 0.4 microg/kg, i.p.; 40 microg/kg, p.o.) intensively suppressed 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. Treatment with LLDT-8 (40 microg/kg, i.p. and p.o.) also markedly inhibited the sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-induced antibody production in BLAB/c mice. Most importantly, comparing with triptolide, LLDT-8 significantly reduced toxicity, with a 122-fold lower cytotoxicity in vitro and 10-fold lower acute toxicity in vivo. The results suggested that LLDT-8 had immunosuppressive activities in both cellular and humoral immune responses. LLDT-8 might be a potential therapeutic agent for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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24
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Bi XL, Yang JY, Dong YX, Wang JM, Cui YH, Ikeshima T, Zhao YQ, Wu CF. Resveratrol inhibits nitric oxide and TNF-alpha production by lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:185-93. [PMID: 15589480 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2004] [Revised: 05/28/2004] [Accepted: 08/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation, brain macrophages, the microglia, release proinflammatory mediators that play important roles in eliciting neuroinflammatory responses associated with neurodegenerative diseases. As resveratrol, an antioxidant component of grape, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activities on macrophages, we investigated its effects on the production of TNF-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. Exposure of cultured rat cortical microglia and a mouse microglial cell line N9 to LPS increased their release of TNF-alpha and NO, which was significantly inhibited by resveratrol. Further studies revealed that resveratrol suppressed LPS-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha, expression of iNOS and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in N9 microglial cells. These results demonstrate a potent suppressive effect of resveratrol on proinflammatory responses of microglia, suggesting a therapeutic potential for this compound in neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Li Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
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25
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Wu QL, Fu YF, Zhou WL, Wang JX, Feng YH, Liu J, Xu JY, He PL, Zhou R, Tang W, Wang GF, Zhou Y, Yang YF, Ding J, Li XY, Chen XR, Yuan C, Lawson BR, Zuo JP. Inhibition ofS-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine Hydrolase Induces Immunosuppression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 313:705-11. [PMID: 15640397 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.080416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes depend on transmethylation reactions for efficient activation and function. These reactions are primarily catalyzed by S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases, which convert S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine is then hydrolyzed by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase to prevent feedback inhibition of transmethylation reactions. By impeding S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, a build-up of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine occurs, and most intracellular transmethylation reactions cease. Thus, a nontoxic inhibitor of this enzyme might be a useful immunosuppressive therapeutic agent. We identified a potent reversible type III inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, DZ2002 [methyl 4-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxybutanoate], and determined its cytotoxic and immunologic effects. We demonstrated that DZ2002 blocked S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase more effectively than a type I inhibitor, but cytotoxicity from DZ2002 was greatly reduced. Although DZ2002 did not prevent concanavalin A-induced T cell proliferation or interleukin (IL)-2 production, it significantly reduced both a mixed lymphocyte reaction and IL-12 production from in vitro-stimulated splenocytes. In addition, levels of CD80 and CD86 on human monocytic THP-1 cells were decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of 0.1 to 10 microM DZ2002, and decreases were also seen in IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from both mouse thioglycollate-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and THP-1 cells. In vivo, DZ2002 significantly suppressed a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction as well as antibody secretion. We conclude that DZ2002's immunosuppressive effects are likely not solely attributed to T cell inhibition but also to the obstruction of macrophage activation and function through reductions in cytokine output and/or T cell costimulation. These data suggest an important dual role for the S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase in both macrophage and T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Li Wu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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