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Lu YC, Liang WZ, Kuo CC, Hao LJ, Chou CT, Jan CR. Action of the insecticide cyfluthrin on Ca 2+ signal transduction and cytotoxicity in human osteosarcoma cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1268-1276. [PMID: 32314600 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120918298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyfluthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide and common household pesticide. The effect of cyfluthrin on Ca2+-related physiology in human osteosarcoma is unclear. This study investigated the effect of cyfluthrin on cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and viability in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Cyfluthrin concentration-dependently induced [Ca2+]i rises. Cyfluthrin-induced Ca2+ entry was confirmed by the Mn2+-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. Cyfluthrin at concentrations of 10-100 μM induced [Ca2+]i rises. Ca2+ removal reduced the signal by approximately 50%. Cyfluthrin (100 μM) induced Mn2+ influx suggesting Ca2+ entry. Cyfluthrin-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited 50% by protein kinase C (PKC) activator (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and inhibitor (GF109203X) and also by three inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ channels: nifedipine, econazole, and SKF96365. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) completely inhibited cyfluthrin-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with cyfluthrin abolished TG-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with 1-[6-[((17β)-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5[10]-trien-17-yl)amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dion abolished cyfluthrin-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Cyfluthrin at 25-65 μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester. Together, in MG63 cells, cyfluthrin induced [Ca2+]i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ entry. Cyfluthrin also caused Ca2+-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - W-Z Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung
| | - C-C Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung
| | - L-J Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan
- Chung Hwa University of Medical and Technology, Tainan
| | - C-T Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Puzi City, Chiayi County
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi City, Chiayi County
| | - C-R Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
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Felten V, Toumi H, Masfaraud JF, Billoir E, Camara BI, Férard JF. Microplastics enhance Daphnia magna sensitivity to the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin: Effects on life history traits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136567. [PMID: 31981867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of microplastics (MPs) on the ecotoxicity of common contaminants of aquatic ecosystems. As a model contaminant, the hydrophobic pesticide deltamethrin (DM) was chosen, and its effects on life history traits of Daphnia magna were studied in the presence or absence of polyethylene MPs. Commercialized DM and MPs obtained as dry powder were used in the experiment. According the manufacturer (Cospheric, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) MPs were spherical (1-4 μm in diameter), had a density of 0.96 g/cm-3 and were without any solvent. Three concentrations of polyethylene MPs were tested (0, 1, 10 mg/L) with two realistic concentrations of DM (0 and 40 ng/L) and a solvent control (acetone). During the 21 d experiment, D. magna neonates were individually exposed to the treatments, and the effects of MPs and DM alone and together were evaluated by assessing survival, number of cumulative molts, days to first brood, number of broods, number of neonates per surviving adult, and body length. Significant detrimental effects on survival were only observed for the two mixture treatments. DM alone (40 ng/L) delayed the days to first brood and reduced the number of neonates per surviving adult, whereas MPs alone (10 mg/L) induced significant reduction in the number of juveniles by surviving adults. The combined exposure to DM and MPs clearly had a synergistic effect on survival, brood number, and number of neonates per surviving female. For example, compared to exposure to 40 ng/L of DM alone, the addition of 1 mg/L of MPs resulted in a 51.1% reduction in number of neonates per surviving female and a 46% reduction in brood number. These results suggest the potential drastic effects of this kind of mixed exposure on daphnid populations, which are key components of freshwater food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Felten
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France.
| | - Héla Toumi
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | | | - Elise Billoir
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
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Tian J, Long X, Zhang S, Qin Q, Gan L, Tian Y. Screening cyhalothrin degradation strains from locust epiphytic bacteria and studying Paracoccus acridae SCU-M53 cyhalothrin degradation process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11505-11515. [PMID: 29427271 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
All locust epiphytic bacteria were screened and a total of 62 epiphytic bacteria were obtained from samples of Acrida cinerea. Via phylogenetic analysis, the 62 epiphytic bacteria were allocated to 27 genera, 18 families, 13 orders, six classes, and four phylums. Then, cyhalothrin degradation experiments were conducted, and the 10 strains that degraded more than 30% cyhalothrin and Paracoccus acridae SCU-M53 showed the highest cyhalothrin degradation rate of 70.5%. Furthermore, Paracoccus acridae SCU-M53 was selected for optimal cyhalothrin biodegradation conditions via the response surface method (Design-Expert). Under the optimum conditions (28 °C, 75 mg/L, and 180 rpm), the cyhalothrin degradation rate reached 79.84% after 2 days. This suggests the possibility that isolating biodegradation cyhalothrin strains from Acrida cinerea is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education and College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Long
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education and College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education and College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education and College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Longzhan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education and College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education and College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
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Boeri M, Oliveri C, Camurati C, Viarengo A, Sforzini S. Effects of Cr(VI) on Ca 2+-ATPase activity in the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 203:21-28. [PMID: 29032143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Cr(VI) as a soil contaminant on the edaphic worm Eisenia andrei was studied by evaluating the activity of Ca2+-ATPase in the intestinal mucosa. In eukaryotes, Ca2+-ATPase is a key mediator of cell signaling although comparatively little is known about its activity in earthworms. Size and anatomical constraints (i.e. small and complex) led us to develop and optimize a cyto-biochemical method to measure Ca2+-ATPase activity in earthworms. The principal site of enzyme activity was found to be the post clitellar intestinal tract; immunohistochemistry then identified plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA ATPase) in the apical area of the intestinal epithelium. Earthworms exposed for 28days to OECD soil contaminated with 1, 2, and 15mg/Kg Cr(VI) demonstrated about 70% inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase activity at the low Cr (VI) concentration (the half of the Italian law limit for residential areas), rising to approximately 84% inhibition at the highest concentration. Reduced enzyme activity was accompanied by decreased enzyme content and reduced lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), which is a well established early warning biomarker of stress. These data demonstrate the potential utility of Ca2+-ATPase activity as a sensitive parameter with which to detect environmental stress in earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Boeri
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Corrado Camurati
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Aldo Viarengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Susanna Sforzini
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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Hooshfar S, Gullick DR, Linzey MR, Mortuza T, Abdel Rahman MH, Rogers CA, Bruckner JV, White CA, Bartlett MG. Simultaneous determination of cis-permethrin and trans-permethrin in rat plasma and brain tissue using gas chromatography–negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zhao J, Chi Y, Liu F, Jia D, Yao K. Effects of Two Surfactants and Beta-Cyclodextrin on Beta-Cypermethrin Degradation by Bacillus licheniformis B-1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10729-10735. [PMID: 26615963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation efficiency of beta-cypermethrin (β-CY) is low especially at high concentrations mainly due to poor contact between this hydrophobic pesticide and microbial cells. In this study, the effects of two biodegradable surfactants (Tween-80 and Brij-35) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on the growth and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of Bacillus licheniformis B-1 were studied. Furthermore, their effects on the solubility, biosorption, and degradation of β-CY were investigated. The results showed that Tween-80 could slightly promote the growth of the strain while Brij-35 and β-CD exhibited little effect on its growth. The CSH of strain B-1 and the solubility of β-CY were obviously changed by using Tween-80 and Brij-35. The surfactants and β-CD could enhance β-CY biosorption and degradation by the strain, and the highest degradation was obtained in the presence of Brij-35. When the surfactant or β-CD concentration was 2.4 g/L, the degradation rate of β-CY in Brij-35, Tween-80, and β-CD treatments was 89.4%, 50.5%, and 48.1%, respectively. The half-life of β-CY by using Brij-35 was shortened by 69.1 h. Beta-CY content in the soil with both strain B-1 and Brij-35 decreased from 22.29 mg/kg to 4.41 mg/kg after incubation for 22 d. This work can provide a promising approach for the efficient degradation of pyrethroid pesticides by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Zhao
- College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University , 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlong Chi
- College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University , 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University , 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Dongying Jia
- College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University , 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yao
- College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University , 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Toumi H, Boumaiza M, Millet M, Radetski CM, Felten V, Férard JF. Is acetylcholinesterase a biomarker of susceptibility in Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) after deltamethrin exposure? CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:351-356. [PMID: 25189827 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we explored the possibility of using the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a biomarker after deltamethrin (pyrethroid insecticide) exposure with three strains of the cladoceran Daphnia magna. Four calculated time-weighted deltamethrin concentrations (20.1, 40.3, 80.6 and 161.3 ng L(-1)) were compared against control acetylcholinesterase activity. Our results showed that after 48 h of deltamethrin exposure, all treatments induced a significant decrease of AChE activities whatever the three considered strains. However, diverse responses were registered in terms of lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC: 80.6 ng L(-1) for strain 1 and 20.1 ng L(-1) for strains 2 and 3) revealing differences in sensitivity among the three tested strains of D. magna. Our results suggest that after deltamethrin exposure, the AChE activity responses can be also used as a biomarker of susceptibility (i.e., variation of strain specific response). Moreover, our results show that strain 1 is the less sensitive in terms of IC50-48 h of AChE, whereas it became the most sensitive when considering the EC50-48 h estimated in the standard ecotoxicity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héla Toumi
- Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Unité d'Hydrobiologie littorale et limnique, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia; Université de Lorraine (UdL), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - UMR 7360 CNRS, Campus Bridoux, Bât. IBiSE, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Moncef Boumaiza
- Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Unité d'Hydrobiologie littorale et limnique, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Maurice Millet
- ICPEES (UMR 7515 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg), 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Claudemir Marcos Radetski
- Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Vincent Felten
- Université de Lorraine (UdL), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - UMR 7360 CNRS, Campus Bridoux, Bât. IBiSE, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Jean François Férard
- Université de Lorraine (UdL), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC) - UMR 7360 CNRS, Campus Bridoux, Bât. IBiSE, 8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France.
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Yavuz O, Aksoy A, Das YK, Gulbahar MY, Guvenc D, Atmaca E, Yarim FG, Cenesiz M. Subacute oral toxicity of combinations of selected synthetic pyrethroids, piperonyl butoxide, and tetramethrin in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:289-97. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712469651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 70 Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups (six experimental and one control), which consisted of animals belonging to both sexes. Different combinations of insecticides were administered daily to the experimental groups (group 1: cypermethrin + piperonyl butoxide (PBO); group 2: alphacypermethrin + PBO; group 3: deltamethrin + PBO; group 4: cypermethrin + PBO + tetramethrin; group 5: alphacypermethrin + PBO + tetramethrin; and group 6: deltamethrin + PBO + tetramethrin) for 28 days. During the study period, mortality and serious clinical findings were not observed in any animal. However, feed consumptions decreased in groups 1 and 3 ( p < 0.05). Red blood cells, white blood cells, and hemoglobin levels, especially in cypermethrin and alphacypermethrin groups (groups 1, 2, and 4), were found to be higher than the control group ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, biochemical changes related to liver, kidney functions, and protein metabolism occurred in males of almost all the groups. Relative liver and kidney weights of the male animals increased in the cypermethrin and alphacypermethrin groups ( p < 0.05). The most common finding observed during the histopathological examination of all the experimental groups was centrilobular degeneration in the liver. It was concluded that although clinical symptoms were not observed, synthetic pyrethroid, synergist, and knockdown agent combinations might cause serious abnormalities when administered in certain doses in mammalians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguzhan Yavuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Aksoy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Kursad Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yavuz Gulbahar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Dilek Guvenc
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Enes Atmaca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gul Yarim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Metin Cenesiz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Pilla MA, Antonelli G, Lunghini L, Aprea C. The relation between dietary habits and urinary levels of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a pyrethroid metabolite. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 52:91-6. [PMID: 23146693 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about pesticide exposure through food consumption have increased during the past several years. Pyrethroids are applied as insecticides throughout the world. Human metabolism of pyrethroids results in urinary metabolites that are suitable for biological monitoring. The objective of our study was to investigate the relation between food consumption and urinary levels of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a general metabolite of pyrethroids, in a non-occupational exposed adult population from the IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking, diet and self-reported household pesticide exposure was collected. Urinary 3-PBA level of each subject was measured and adjusted by urinary creatinine. We found that people consuming both raw and cooked vegetables five times weekly or more had higher mean levels of 3-PBA in urine (1.03 μg/g creatinine versus 0.52 μg/g creatinine; p=0.009 and 0.99 μg/g creatinine versus 0.58 μg/g creatinine; p=0.01, respectively) than subjects consuming less than five times weekly. In a multivariate model, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking and household insecticide exposure, high intake of raw vegetables (OR: 5.31; 95%CI: 1.32-21.3) and high intake of cooked vegetables, in particular cruciferous (OR: 4.67; 95%CI: 1.07-20.5) and leafy vegetables (OR: 6.88; 95%CI: 1.50-31.7), were associated with high urine 3-PBA levels (≥0.70 μg/g creatinine). The results of this study suggest that part of the variation in pyrethrois intake is explained by vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fortes
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
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Van Emon JM, Chuang JC. Development of a simultaneous extraction and cleanup method for pyrethroid pesticides from indoor house dust samples. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 745:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Shelley LK, Ross PS, Kennedy CJ. Immunotoxic and cytotoxic effects of atrazine, permethrin and piperonyl butoxide to rainbow trout following in vitro exposure. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:455-458. [PMID: 22634252 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
For many current use pesticides, limited information exists on their cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity in non-target organisms such as fish. We examined the effects of atrazine, permethrin and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) exposure, in vitro, on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lymphocyte viability and proliferation. Purified rainbow trout peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) were exposed in vitro to the test chemicals (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM) for 96 h, with and without the mitogen lipopolysaccharide. All three chemicals caused a decrease in both lymphocyte viability and proliferation at 10 μM, while atrazine also suppressed proliferation of PBLs at 1 μM. The in vitro toxicity of these chemicals to this salmonid underscores the need for further investigation using in vivo studies and host resistance models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley K Shelley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Knaak JB, Dary CC, Zhang X, Gerlach RW, Tornero-Velez R, Chang DT, Goldsmith R, Blancato JN. Parameters for pyrethroid insecticide QSAR and PBPK/PD models for human risk assessment. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 219:1-114. [PMID: 22610175 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3281-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review we have examined the status of parameters required by pyrethroid QSAR-PBPK/PD models for assessing health risks. In lieu of the chemical,biological, biochemical, and toxicological information developed on the pyrethroids since 1968, the finding of suitable parameters for QSAR and PBPK/PD model development was a monumental task. The most useful information obtained came from rat toxicokinetic studies (i.e., absorption, distribution, and excretion), metabolism studies with 14C-cyclopropane- and alcohol-labeled pyrethroids, the use of known chiral isomers in the metabolism studies and their relation to commercial products. In this review we identify the individual chiralisomers that have been used in published studies and the chiral HPLC columns available for separating them. Chiral HPLC columns are necessary for isomer identification and for developing kinetic values (Vm,, and Kin) for pyrethroid hydroxylation. Early investigators synthesized analytical standards for key pyrethroid metabolites, and these were used to confirm the identity of urinary etabolites, by using TLC. These analytical standards no longer exist, and muste resynthesized if further studies on the kinetics of the metabolism of pyrethroids are to be undertaken.In an attempt to circumvent the availability of analytical standards, several CYP450 studies were carried out using the substrate depletion method. This approach does not provide information on the products formed downstream, and may be of limited use in developing human environmental exposure PBPK/PD models that require extensive urinary metabolite data. Hydrolytic standards (i.e., alcohols and acids) were available to investigators who studied the carboxylesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of several pyrethroid insecticides. The data generated in these studies are suitable for use in developing human exposure PBPK/PD models.Tissue:blood partition coefficients were developed for the parent pyrethroids and their metabolites, by using a published mechanistic model introduced by Poulin and Thiele (2002a; b) and log DpH 7.4 values. The estimated coefficients, especially those of adipose tissue, were too high and had to be corrected by using a procedure in which the proportion of parent or metabolite residues that are unbound to plasma albumin is considered, as described in the GastroPlus model (Simulations Plus, Inc.,Lancaster, CA). The literature suggested that Km values be adjusted by multiplying Km by the substrate (decimal amount) that is unbound to microsomal or CYPprotein. Mirfazaelian et al. (2006) used flow- and diffusion-limited compartments in their deltamethrin model. The addition of permeability areas (PA) having diffusion limits, such as the fat and slowly perfused compartments, enabled the investigators to bring model predictions in line with in vivo data.There appears to be large differences in the manner and rate of absorption of the pyrethroids from the gastrointestinal tract, implying that GI advanced compartmental transit models (ACAT) need to be included in PBPK models. This is especially true of the absorption of an oral dose of tefluthrin in male rats, in which 3.0-6.9%,41.3-46.3%, and 5.2-15.5% of the dose is eliminated in urine, feces, and bile,respectively (0-48 h after administration). Several percutaneous studies with the pyrethroids strongly support the belief that these insecticides are not readily absorbed, but remain on the surface of the skin until they are washed off. In one articular study (Sidon et al. 1988) the high levels of permethrin absorption through the forehead skin (24-28%) of the monkey was reported over a 7- to 14-days period.Wester et al. (1994) reported an absorption of 1.9% of pyrethrin that had been applied to the forearm of human volunteers over a 7-days period.SAR models capable of predicting the binding of the pyrethroids to plasma and hepatic proteins were developed by Yamazaki and Kanaoka (2004), Saiakhov et al. (2000), Colmenarejo et al. (2001), and Colmenarejo (2003). QikProp(Schrodinger, LLC) was used to obtain Fu values for calculating partition coefficients and for calculating permeation constants (Caco-2, MDCK, and logBBB). ADMET Predictor (Simulations Plus Inc.) provided Vm~,x and Km values for the hydroxylation of drugs/pyrethroids by human liver recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes making the values available for possible use in PBPK/PD models.The Caco-2 permeability constants and CYP3A4 Vmax and Km values are needed in PBPK/PD models with GI ACAT sub models. Modeling work by Chang et al.(2009) produced rate constants (kcat) for the hydrolysis of pyrethroids by rat serumcarboxylesterases. The skin permeation model of Potts and Guy (1992) was used topredict K, values for the dermal absorption of the 15 pyrethroids.The electrophysiological studies by Narahashi (1971) and others (Breckenridgeet al. 2009; Shafer et al. 2005; Soderlund et al. 2002; Wolansky and Harrill 2008)demonstrated that the mode of action of pyrethroids on nerves is to interfere with the changes in sodium and potassium ion currents. The pyrethroids, being highly lipid soluble, are bound or distributed in lipid bilayers of the nerve cell membrane and exert their action on sodium channel proteins. The rising phase of the action potential is caused by sodium influx (sodium activation), while the falling phase is caused by sodium activation being turned off, and an increase in potassium efflux(potassium activation). The action of allethrin and other pyrethroids is caused by an inhibition or block of the normal currents. An equation by Tatebayashi and Narahashi (1994) that describes the action of pyrethroids on sodium channels was found in the literature. This equation, or some variation of it, may be suitable for use in the PD portion of pyrethroid PBPK models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Knaak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Ahn KC, Kim HJ, Mccoy MR, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. Immunoassays and biosensors for monitoring environmental and human exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:2792-802. [PMID: 21105656 PMCID: PMC3070843 DOI: 10.1021/jf1033569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes some of the early work on pyrethroid insecticides in the Casida laboratory and briefly reviews the development and application of immunochemical approaches for the detection of pyrethroid insecticides and their metabolites for monitoring environmental and human exposure. Multiple technologies can be combined to enhance the sensitivity and speed of immunochemical analysis. The pyrethroid assays are used to illustrate the use of some of these immunoreagents such as antibodies, competitive mimics, and novel binding agents such as phage-displayed peptides. The paper also illustrates reporters such as fluorescent dyes, chemiluminescent compounds, and luminescent lanthanide nanoparticles, as well as the application of magnetic separation, and automatic instrumental systems, biosensors, and novel immunological technologies. These new technologies alone and in combination result in an improved ability to both determine if effective levels of pyrethroids are being used in the field and evaluate possible contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Chang Ahn
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Hee-Joo Kim
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Mark R. Mccoy
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Shirley J. Gee
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Corresponding author [telephone (530) 752–7519; fax (530) 752–1537; ]
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Chen S, Hu M, Liu J, Zhong G, Yang L, Rizwan-ul-Haq M, Han H. Biodegradation of beta-cypermethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by a novel Ochrobactrum lupini DG-S-01. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 187:433-440. [PMID: 21282001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A newly isolated bacterium DG-S-01 from activated sludge utilized beta-cypermethrin (beta-CP) and its major metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) as sole carbon and energy source for growth in mineral salt medium (MSM). Based on the morphology, physio-biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, DG-S-01 was identified as Ochrobactrum lupini. DG-S-01 effectively degraded beta-CP with total inocula biomass A(590 nm) = 0.1-0.8, at 20-40 °C, pH 5-9, initial beta-CP 50-400 mg L(-1) and metabolized to yield 3-PBA leading to complete degradation. Andrews equation was used to describe the special degradation rate at different initial concentrations. Degradation rate parameters q(max), K(s) and K(i) were determined to be 1.14 d(-1), 52.06 mg L(-1) and 142.80 mg L(-1), respectively. Maximum degradation was observed at 30 °C and pH 7.0. Degradation of beta-CP was accelerated when MSM was supplemented with glucose, beef extract and yeast extract. Studies on biodegradation in liquid medium showed that over 90% of the initial dose of beta-CP (50 mg L(-1)) was degraded under the optimal conditions within 5d. Moreover, the strain also degraded beta-cyfluthrin, fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin and deltamethrin. These results reveal that DG-S-01 may possess potential to be used in bioremediation of pyrethroid-contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Fortes C. Lupus erythematosus. Are residential insecticides exposure the missing link? Med Hypotheses 2010; 75:590-3. [PMID: 20719436 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains to be fully elucidated, it is now apparent that multiple genetic and environmental factors are at play. Because lupus has a strong female preponderance, several studies have examined the role of female hormones in disease etiology. Yet this knowledge has not helped to explain lupus etiology or to prevent it. Estrogens exist not only as natural or drug compounds, but also as environmental chemical contaminant and women are highly exposed to all of them. Estrogenic activity has been found in a number of pesticides including pyrethroids that are largely used in the household. Although there is only a small amount of published data examining a possible causal relationship between lupus and pesticides it can be hypothesized that pesticides, in particular insecticides, through their estrogenic activity and capacity to induce oxidative stress provoke autoimmune reaction influencing lupus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fortes
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Roma, Italy.
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Chuang JC, Van Emon JM, Tefft ME, Wilson NK. Application of a permethrin immunosorbent assay method to residential soil and dust samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2010; 45:516-523. [PMID: 20574872 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2010.493479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost, high throughput bioanalytical screening method was developed for monitoring cis/trans-permethrin in dust and soil samples. The method consisted of a simple sample preparation procedure [sonication with dichloromethane followed by a solvent exchange into methanol:water (1:1)] with bioanalytical detection using a magnetic particle enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative recoveries (83-126%) of cis/trans-permethrin were obtained for spiked soil and dust samples. The percent difference of duplicate ELISA analyses was within +/- 20% for standards and +/- 35% for samples. Similar sample preparation procedures were used for the conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis except that additional cleanup steps were required. Recoveries of cis/trans-permethrin ranged from 81 to 108% for spiked soil and dust samples by GC/MS. The ELISA-derived permethrin concentrations were highly correlated with the GC/MS-derived sum of cis/trans-permethrin concentrations with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.986. The ELISA method provided a rapid qualitative screen for cis/trans-permethrin in soil and dust while providing a higher sample throughput with a lower cost as compared to the GC/MS method. The ELISA can be applied as a complementary, low-cost screening tool to prioritize and rank samples prior to instrumental analysis for exposure studies.
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Purine Bases Oxidation and Repair Following Permethrin Insecticide Treatment in Rat Heart Cells. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2010; 10:199-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-010-9079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Zhao M, Chen F, Wang C, Zhang Q, Gan J, Liu W. Integrative assessment of enantioselectivity in endocrine disruption and immunotoxicity of synthetic pyrethroids. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:1968-1973. [PMID: 20097460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The increasing release of chiral chemicals into the environment dictates attention to a better understanding of enantioselectivity in their human and ecotoxicological effects. Although enantioselectivity has been considered in many recent studies, there is little effort for discerning the connection between different processes, and as such, our current knowledge about chiral contaminants is rather scattered and incoherent. In this study, we simultaneously evaluated enantioselectivity of two chiral pesticides, lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and (Z)-cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF), in immunotoxicity to macrophage cells (RAW264.7), and endocrine disruption activity in human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Analysis of cell proliferation, cell viability, apoptosis, and receptor gene expression showed significant differences between the enantiomers of LCT or cis-BF in estrogenic potential and immunocytotoxicity. The selectivity in these effects consistently followed the same direction, with (-)-LCT or 1S-cis-BF displaying a greater activity than its counterpart. The consistency was attributed to interplaying mechanisms in the closely interacting immune and endocrine systems. The underlying interplays suggest that other chiral xenobiotics may also show a directional enantioselectivity in immunotoxicity and endocrine toxicity. Given that many biological processes are inter-related, enantioselectivity may follow specific patterns that can be revealed via integrative assessments as demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Zhao
- Research Center of Environmental Science, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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Yavuz O, Aksoy A, Das YK, Gulbahar MY, Yarim GF, Cenesiz M, Atmaca E, Guvenc D. Repeated-dose 14-day dermal toxicity of different combinations of some synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, piperonyl butoxide, and tetramethrin in rats. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2009; 29:16-25. [DOI: 10.3109/15569520903415076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gabbianelli R, Falcioni ML, Cantalamessa F, Nasuti C. Permethrin induces lymphocyte DNA lesions at both Endo III and Fpg sites and changes in monocyte respiratory burst in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29:317-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kaware M, Bronshtein A, Safi J, Van Emon JM, Chuang JC, Hock B, Kramer K, Altstein M. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and sol-gel-based immunoaffinity purification (IAP) of the pyrethroid bioallethrin in food and environmental samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:6482-92. [PMID: 16939301 DOI: 10.1021/jf0607415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and sol-gel-based immunoaffinity purification (IAP) methods for the pyrethroid bioallethrin were developed and applied for monitoring bioallethrin in spiked food, soil, and dust samples. Attempts to determine bioallethrin content in fruit and vegetable extracts revealed high variability between sample preparations and marked interferences with the assay. Sol-gel IAP followed by solid-phase sample concentration was effective in removing the interfering components and resulted in high recovery of bioallethrin from spiked crude acetonic extracts of fruits and vegetables, even in the presence of high extract concentrations (28%). Solid-phase treatment alone failed to remove the interfering components from the spiked sample. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the IAP samples revealed bioallethrin as a doublet unsolved peak because of the cis and trans isomer present in the standard with confirmation of its mass. Unlike fruit and vegetable extracts, soil and dust samples did not interfere with the ELISA, and the bioallethrin content in those samples could be determined with high precision without the need of any further purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Kaware
- Environmental Protection and Research Institute, Gaza, Palestine, Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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Ray DE, Fry JR. A reassessment of the neurotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides. Pharmacol Ther 2005; 111:174-93. [PMID: 16324748 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pyrethroids are a widely used class of insecticides to which there is significant human exposure. They are however generally regarded as safe to man, and there have been few reports of human fatalities. Their acute toxicity is dominated by pharmacological actions upon the central nervous system (CNS), predominantly mediated by prolongation of the kinetics of voltage-gated sodium channels, although other mechanisms operate. This review summarizes our present understanding of such actions and the pharmacological options to antagonize them. One significant problem is the very clear heterogeneity of pyrethroid sensitivity that is seen across sodium channel subtypes; however, the distribution and function of these across the central nervous system are poorly characterized. The review also provides an overview of recent studies that suggest additional effects of pyrethroids: developmental neurotoxicity, the production of neuronal death, and action mediated via pyrethroid metabolites. The evidence for these is at present equivocal, but all 3 carry important implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Ray
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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