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Lea TA, Panizza PM, Arthur PG, Bakker AJ, Pinniger GJ. Hypochlorous acid exposure impairs skeletal muscle function and Ca 2+ signalling: implications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy pathology. J Physiol 2023; 601:5257-5275. [PMID: 37864413 DOI: 10.1113/jp285263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked disease characterised by severe muscle wasting. The mechanisms underlying the DMD pathology likely involve the interaction between inflammation, oxidative stress and impaired Ca2+ signalling. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a highly reactive oxidant produced endogenously via myeloperoxidase; an enzyme secreted by neutrophils that is significantly elevated in dystrophic muscle. Oxidation of Ca2+ -handling proteins by HOCl may impair Ca2+ signalling. This study aimed to determine the effects of HOCl on skeletal muscle function and its potential contribution to the dystrophic pathology. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL), soleus and interosseous muscles were surgically isolated from anaesthetised C57 (wild-type) and mdx (dystrophic) mice for measurement of ex vivo force production and intracellular Ca2+ concentration. In whole EDL muscle, HOCl (200 μM) significantly decreased maximal force and increased resting muscle tension which was only partially reversible by dithiothreitol. The effects of HOCl (200 μM) on maximal force in slow-twitch soleus were lower than found in the fast-twitch EDL muscle. In single interosseous myofibres, HOCl (10 μM) significantly increased resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration and decreased Ca2+ transient amplitude. These effects of HOCl were reduced by the application of tetracaine, Gd3+ or streptomycin, implicating involvement of ryanodine receptors and transient receptor potential channels. These results demonstrate the potent effects of HOCl on skeletal muscle function potentially mediated by HOCl-induced oxidation to Ca2+ signalling proteins. Hence, HOCl may provide a link between chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and impaired Ca2+ handling that is characteristic of DMD and presents a potential therapeutic target for DMD. KEY POINTS: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a fatal genetic disease with pathological mechanisms which involve the complex interaction of chronic inflammation, increased reactive oxygen species production and increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. Hypochlorous acid can be endogenously produced by neutrophils via the enzyme myeloperoxidase. Both neutrophil and myeloperoxidase activity are increased in dystrophic mice. This study found that hypochlorous acid decreased muscle force production and increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations in isolated muscles from wild-type and dystrophic mice at relatively low concentrations of hypochlorous acid. These results indicate that hypochlorous acid may be key in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy disease pathology and may provide a unifying link between the chronic inflammation, increased reactive oxygen species production and increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations observed in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hypochlorous acid production may be a potential target for therapeutic treatments of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Lea
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter M Panizza
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter G Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony J Bakker
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin J Pinniger
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Capogrosso RF, Cozzoli A, Mantuano P, Camerino GM, Massari AM, Sblendorio VT, De Bellis M, Tamma R, Giustino A, Nico B, Montagnani M, De Luca A. Assessment of resveratrol, apocynin and taurine on mechanical-metabolic uncoupling and oxidative stress in a mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy: A comparison with the gold standard, α-methyl prednisolone. Pharmacol Res 2016; 106:101-113. [PMID: 26930420 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants have a great potential as adjuvant therapeutics in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, although systematic comparisons at pre-clinical level are limited. The present study is a head-to-head assessment, in the exercised mdx mouse model of DMD, of natural compounds, resveratrol and apocynin, and of the amino acid taurine, in comparison with the gold standard α-methyl prednisolone (PDN). The rationale was to target the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via disease-related pathways that are worsened by mechanical-metabolic impairment such as inflammation and over-activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX) (taurine and apocynin, respectively) or the failing ROS detoxification mechanisms via sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) (resveratrol). Resveratrol (100mg/kg i.p. 5days/week), apocynin (38mg/kg/day per os), taurine (1g/kg/day per os), and PDN (1mg/kg i.p., 5days/week) were administered for 4-5 weeks to mdx mice in parallel with a standard protocol of treadmill exercise and the outcome was evaluated with a multidisciplinary approach in vivo and ex vivo on pathology-related end-points and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Resveratrol≥taurine>apocynin enhanced in vivo mouse force similarly to PDN. All the compounds reduced the production of superoxide anion, assessed by dihydroethidium staining, with apocynin being as effective as PDN, and ameliorated electrophysiological biomarkers of oxidative stress. Resveratrol also significantly reduced plasma levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. Force of isolated muscles was little ameliorated. However, the three compounds improved histopathology of gastrocnemius muscle more than PDN. Taurine>apocynin>PDN significantly decreased activated NF-kB positive myofibers. Thus, compounds targeting NOX-ROS or SIRT1/PGC-1α pathways differently modulate clinically relevant DMD-related endpoints according to their mechanism of action. With the caution needed in translational research, the results show that the parallel assessment can help the identification of best adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Francesca Capogrosso
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy; Department of Chemical, Toxicological and Pharmacological Drug Studies, Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel", Tirana, Albania
| | - Anna Cozzoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Mantuano
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Ada Maria Massari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Valeriana Teresa Sblendorio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Michela De Bellis
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Arcangela Giustino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Beatrice Nico
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria De Luca
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy & Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
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Terrill JR, Pinniger GJ, Graves JA, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Increasing taurine intake and taurine synthesis improves skeletal muscle function in the mdx mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Physiol 2016; 594:3095-110. [PMID: 26659826 DOI: 10.1113/jp271418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle wasting disease associated with increased inflammation, oxidative stress and myofibre necrosis. Cysteine precursor antioxidants such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC) reduce dystropathology in the mdx mouse model for DMD, and we propose this is via increased synthesis of the amino acid taurine. We compared the capacity of OTC and taurine treatment to increase taurine content of mdx muscle, as well as effects on in vivo and ex vivo muscle function, inflammation and oxidative stress. Both treatments increased taurine in muscles, and improved many aspects of muscle function and reduced inflammation. Taurine treatment also reduced protein thiol oxidation and was overall more effective, as OTC treatment reduced body and muscle weight, suggesting some adverse effects of this drug. These data suggest that increasing dietary taurine is a better candidate for a therapeutic intervention for DMD. ABSTRACT Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle wasting disease for which there is no widely available cure. Whilst the mechanism of loss of muscle function in DMD and the mdx mouse model are not fully understood, disruptions in intracellular calcium homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated. We have shown that protein thiol oxidation is increased in mdx muscle, and that the indirect thiol antioxidant l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC), which increases cysteine availability, decreases pathology and increases in vivo strength. We propose that the protective effects of OTC are a consequence of conversion of cysteine to taurine, which has itself been shown to be beneficial to mdx pathology. This study compares the efficacy of taurine with OTC in decreasing dystropathology in mdx mice by measuring in vivo and ex vivo contractile function and measurements of inflammation and protein thiol oxidation. Increasing the taurine content of mdx muscle improved both in vivo and ex vivo muscle strength and function, potentially via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of taurine. OTC treatment increased taurine synthesis in the liver and taurine content of mdx muscle, improved muscle function and decreased inflammation. However, OTC was less effective than taurine treatment, with OTC also decreasing body and EDL muscle weights, suggesting that OTC had some detrimental effects. These data support continued research into the use of taurine as a therapeutic intervention for DMD, and suggest that increasing dietary taurine is the better strategy for increasing taurine content and decreasing severity of dystropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Terrill
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.,School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Gavin J Pinniger
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Jamie A Graves
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Peter G Arthur
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
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Lin YN, Jia R, Liu YH, Gao Y, Wang LL, Kou JP, Yu BY. Ruscogenin suppresses mouse neutrophil activation: Involvement of protein kinase A pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 154:85-93. [PMID: 26134424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ruscogenin, a natural steroidal sapogenin, presents in both food and medicinal plants. It has been found to exert significant anti-inflammatory activities. Considering that activation of neutrophil is a key feature of inflammatory diseases, this study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of ruscogenin and its underlying mechanisms responsible for neutrophil activation. Ruscogenin displayed potent antioxidative effects against Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP)-induced extra- and intracellular superoxide generation in mouse bone marrow neutrophils, with IC50 values of 1.07±0.32 μM and 1.77±0.46 μM, respectively. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-elicited extra- and intracellular superoxide generation were also suppressed by ruscogenin, with IC50 values of 1.56±0.46 μM and 1.29±0.49 μM, respectively. However, ruscogenin showed weak inhibition in NaF-induced response. Inhibition of superoxide generation was mediated neither by a superoxide-scavenging ability nor by a cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, ruscogenin inhibited the membrane translocation of p47phox and p67phox. It reduced FMLP-induced phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and p21-activated kinase (PAK). The cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and protein kinase A (PKA) expression were increased by ruscogenin. Moreover, ruscogenin inhibited phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In addition, the inhibitory effects of ruscogenin on superoxide production and the phosphorylation of Akt, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2 were reversed by PKA inhibitor (H89), suggesting a PKA-dependent mechanism. In summary, our data suggest that ruscogenin inhibits activation of neutrophil through cPLA2, PAK, Akt, MAPKs, cAMP, and PKA signaling pathways. Increased PKA activity is associated with suppression of the phosphorylation of Akt, p38MAPK, and ERK1/2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - R Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Y H Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Y Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - L L Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - J P Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - B Y Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Capuozzo E, Baseggio Conrado A, Fontana M. Thiotaurine modulates human neutrophil activation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:145-55. [PMID: 25833495 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Capuozzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy,
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Effect of Taurine on Viability and Proliferation of Murine Melanoma B16F10 Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:167-77. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Taurine chloramine produced from taurine under inflammation provides anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Amino Acids 2013; 46:89-100. [PMID: 23933994 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Taurine is one of the most abundant non-essential amino acid in mammals and has many physiological functions in the nervous, cardiovascular, renal, endocrine, and immune systems. Upon inflammation, taurine undergoes halogenation in phagocytes and is converted to taurine chloramine (TauCl) and taurine bromamine. In the activated neutrophils, TauCl is produced by reaction with hypochlorite (HOCl) generated by the halide-dependent myeloperoxidase system. TauCl is released from activated neutrophils following their apoptosis and inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators such as, superoxide anion, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins, and prostaglandins in inflammatory cells at inflammatory tissues. Furthermore, TauCl increases the expressions of antioxidant proteins, such as heme oxygenase 1, peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in macrophages. Thus, a central role of TauCl produced by activated neutrophils is to trigger the resolution of inflammation and protect macrophages and surrounding tissues from being damaged by cytotoxic reactive oxygen metabolites overproduced during inflammation. This is achieved by attenuating further production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen metabolites and also by increasing the levels of antioxidant proteins that are able to scavenge and diminish the production of cytotoxic oxygen metabolites. These findings suggest that TauCl released from activated neutrophils may be involved in the recovery processes of cells affected by inflammatory oxidative stresses and thus TauCl could be used as a potential physiological agent to control pathogenic symptoms of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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The role of NADPH oxidase in taurine attenuation of Streptococcus uberis-induced mastitis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:429-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Klimaviciusa L, Jain RK, Jaako K, Van Elzen R, Gerard M, van Der Veken P, Lambeir AM, Zharkovsky A. In situ prolyl oligopeptidase activity assay in neural cell cultures. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 204:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ximenes VF, da Fonseca LM, de Almeida AC. Taurine bromamine: A potent oxidant of tryptophan residues in albumin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 507:315-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim KS, Choi HM, Oh DH, Kim C, Jeong JS, Yoo MC, Yang HI. Effect of taurine chloramine on the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in adiponectin- or IL-1beta-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17 Suppl 1:S27. [PMID: 20804602 PMCID: PMC2994402 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-s1-s27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin greatly stimulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) as did IL-1beta. We wondered whether taurine chloramine (TauCl) inhibits the production of MMPs stimulated by adiponectin in the same pattern as by IL-1beta stimulation in vitro METHODS Synovial cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were treated with adiponectin or interleukin (IL)-1beta for 24 hr in the presence or absence of TauCl. The culture supernatant was collected and the levels of MMPs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IkappaB signaling pathways stimulated by adiponectin were studied and the levels of NF-kappaB in the nuclei of the cells were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS TauCl (600 microM) inhibited MMP-13, but not MMP-1, expression in IL-1beta-stimulated RA FLSs. However, TauCl at the same concentration significantly inhibited the production of both adiponectin-stimulated MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression. TauCl inhibited the degradation of IkappaB-alpha stimulated by adiponectin, but not by IL-1beta. Similarly, the level of NF-kappaB in the nucleus was increased by adiponectin stimulation and was inhibited by 600 microM TauCl. However, the levels of NF-kappaB increased by IL-1beta stimulation were not inhibited by 600 microM TauCl. CONCLUSIONS TauCl more effectively inhibited MMPs expression induced by adiponectin than that by IL-1beta in RA FLS, suggesting that TauCl plays an important role in down-regulating the expression of MMPs in arthritic joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Soo Kim
- East-West Bone & Joint Research Center, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, 149 Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 137-727, Republic of Korea.
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Kim C, Jang JS, Cho MR, Agarawal SR, Cha YN. Taurine chloramine induces heme oxygenase-1 expression via Nrf2 activation in murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:440-6. [PMID: 20074672 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Taurine chloramine (TauCl) is produced abundantly in activated neutrophils by a reaction between the stored taurine and the newly produced HOCl by the myeloperoxidase system, and is much less oxidizing or toxic than HOCl. TauCl has been shown to provide cytoprotection against inflammatory tissue injury by inhibiting the overproduction of inflammatory mediators. The result of this study shows that TauCl upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and increased HO activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages, while taurine had no effect. TauCl by itself generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and diminished total glutathione (GSH) level initially. TauCl increased the nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and enhanced its binding to the anti-oxidant response element (ARE). This, in turn, was responsible for the upregulation of HO-1 expression. In summary, TauCl generated ROS in RAW 264.7 macrophages and decreased cellular GSH level initially. This was responsible for the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and its binding to ARE promoted the expression of HO-1 and increased HO activity. Thus, TauCl-derived elevation of HO activity may play an essential role in the adaptive cytoprotection of inflammatory tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaekyun Kim
- Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea.
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Sun Jang J, Piao S, Cha YN, Kim C. Taurine Chloramine Activates Nrf2, Increases HO-1 Expression and Protects Cells from Death Caused by Hydrogen Peroxide. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2009; 45:37-43. [PMID: 19590705 PMCID: PMC2704325 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.08-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is toxic and causes cell death. However, this effect is inhibited by reaction with taurine, which generates taurine chloramine (TauCl), thereby protecting the cells from HOCl-generated toxicity. TauCl has been shown to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators like O(2) (*-), H(2)O(2) and NO. In this study, RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with TauCl were protected from death caused by H(2)O(2). TauCl increased the expression of peroxiredoxin-1, thioredoxin-1 and heme oxygenase (HO)-1, the anti-oxidant enzymes normally induced by activation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). TauCl increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and binding to the anti-oxidant response element. These data suggest that TauCl produced abundantly in the activated neutrophils and released to surrounding cells in the inflamed tissues may induce the expression of cytoprotective anti-oxidant enzymes. Elevation of HO activity via induction of HO-1 expression within neighboring cells may provide protection from cytotoxicity caused by inflammatory oxidants like H(2)O(2).
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Martinez-Losa M, Cortijo J, Piqueras L, Sanz MJ, Morcillo EJ. Taurine chloramine inhibits functional responses of human eosinophilsin vitro. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:537-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Production of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Phagocytes is Regulated by Taurine Chloramine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 643:463-72. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Selemidis S, Sobey CG, Wingler K, Schmidt HH, Drummond GR. NADPH oxidases in the vasculature: Molecular features, roles in disease and pharmacological inhibition. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 120:254-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Veeranki S, Kim B, Kim L. The GPI-anchored superoxide dismutase SodC is essential for regulating basal Ras activity and for chemotaxis of Dictyostelium discoideum. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:3099-108. [PMID: 18768936 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A genetic screen for Dictyostelium mutant displaying high level of constitutive phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate led to the finding that the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored superoxide dismutase SodC regulates small GTPase Ras. Cells that lack SodC exhibited constitutively high levels of active Ras, more membrane localization of GFP-PHcrac, and defects in chemoattractant sensing, cell polarization and motility. These defects of SodC-lacking cells were partially restored by expression of wild-type SodC but not by the catalytically inactive mutant SodC (H245R, H247Q). Furthermore, an inhibition of PI3K activity in SodC-deficient cells by LY294002 only partially restored chemoattractant sensing and cell polarization, consistent with the fact that SodC-deficient cells have aberrantly high level of active Ras, which functions upstream of PI3K. A higher level of active GFP-RasG was observed in SodC-deficient cells, which significantly decreased upon incubation of SodC-deficient cells with the superoxide scavenger XTT. Having constitutively high levels of active Ras proteins and more membrane localization of GFP-PHcrac, SodC-deficient cells exhibited severe defects in chemoattractant sensing, cell polarization and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Kim KS, Park EK, Ju SM, Jung HS, Bang JS, Kim C, Lee YA, Hong SJ, Lee SH, Yang HI, Yoo MC. Taurine chloramine differentially inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 1 and 13 synthesis in interleukin-1beta stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:R80. [PMID: 17697361 PMCID: PMC2206390 DOI: 10.1186/ar2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that taurine chloramine (TauCl) plays an important role in the downregulation of proinflammatory mediators. However, little is known about its effect on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we investigated the effects of TauCl on synovial expression of MMPs. The effects of TauCl on MMP expression in IL-1β stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were studied using the following techniques. Real-time PCR and semi-quantitative PCR were employed to analyze the mRNA expression of MMPs. ELISA was used to determine protein levels of MMPs. Western blot analyses were performed to analyze the mitogen-activated protein kinase and inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase signalling pathways. Finally, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunohistochemistry were used to assess localization of transcription factors. IL-1β increased the transcriptional and translational levels of MMP-1 and MMP-13 in rheumatoid arthritis FLSs, whereas the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were unaffected. TauCl at a concentration of 400 to 600 μmol/l greatly inhibited the transcriptional and translational expression of MMP-13, but the expression of MMP-1 was significantly inhibited at 800 μmol/l. At a concentration of 600 μmol/l, TauCl did not significantly inhibit phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase or IκB degradation in IL-1β stimulated rheumatoid arthritis FLSs. The degradation of IκB was significantly inhibited at a TauCl concentration of 800 μmol/l. The inhibitory effect of TauCl on IκB degradation was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunochemical staining for localization of nuclear factor-κB. TauCl differentially inhibits the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13, and inhibits expression of MMP-1 primarily through the inhibition of IκB degradation, whereas it inhibits expression of MMP-13 through signalling pathways other than the IκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Soo Kim
- East-West Bone & Joint Research Center, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Park
- East-West Bone & Joint Research Center, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Ju
- East-West Bone & Joint Research Center, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sook Jung
- East-West Bone & Joint Research Center, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Bang
- East-West Bone & Joint Research Center, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Center for Advanced Medical Education by BK21 Project, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-1-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-1-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chul Yoo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Sangil-dong, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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