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Cui B, Chen XJ, Sun J, Li SP, Zhou GP, Sun LY, Wei L, Zhu ZJ. Dendritic cells originating exosomal miR-193b-3p induces regulatory T cells to alleviate liver transplant rejection. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109541. [PMID: 36700764 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes exert considerable influence in mediating regulatory T (Treg) cells differentiation, which attach great importance to attenuating acute cellular rejection after liver transplantation (LT). And, miRNAs are known to play essential roles in cell-cell communication delivered by exosomes. However, the function of exosomal miRNAs in regulating Treg cells after LT remains unknown. Here, we performed an expression profiling analysis of exosome-miRNAs from human plasma after LT and investigated their immunoregulatory effects on Treg cells. METHODS Fifty-eight LT patients and nine donors were included in this report. miRNA profiles in plasma exosomes were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Flow cytometry, HE and multiplex immunofluorescent staining were used to identify Treg cells in the liver and peripheral blood. A lentiviral vector system was used to overexpress miR-193b-3p in dendritic cells (DCs), and exosomes isolated from these transfected cells were co-cultured with spleen lymphocytesin vitro. A quantitative Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the expression of cytokines. RESULTS Treg cell infiltration was increased in the liver along with Th17 and CD8+ T cell, and it was down-regulated in peripheral blood in the acute rejection group. High-throughput sequencing revealed that miR-193b-3p was markedly up-regulated in plasma exosomes of non-rejection LT patients. The NLRP3 inflammasome was screened as a target for miR-193b-3p based on target prediction and functional enrichment analyses. Exosomal miR-193b-3p derived from DCs increased Treg cells as demonstrated in vitro. miR-193b-3p overexpression down-regulated NLRP3 as well as the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-17A while increasing levels of the cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. CONCLUSION DC derived exosomal miR-193b-3p promoted Treg cells by inhibiting NLRP3 expression. These findings not only provide a new perspective on the mechanisms, but also hold great promise for the treatment or prevention of liver allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cui
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Shi-Peng Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Guang-Peng Zhou
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 101100, China; Department of Critical Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 101100, China.
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Assadiasl S, Toosi MN, Mohebbi B, Ansaripour B, Soleimanifar N, Sadr M, Mojtahedi H, Mosharmovahed B, Fazeli F, Nicknam MH. Th17/Treg cell balance in stable liver transplant recipients. Transpl Immunol 2022; 71:101540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Beyzaei Z, Shojazadeh A, Geramizadeh B. The role of regulatory T cells in liver transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2021; 70:101512. [PMID: 34871717 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The liver is considered a tolerogenic organ that can induce peripheral tolerance. The exact mechanisms of tolerance in the liver remain undefined. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been demonstrated to be involved in inducing and maintaining peripheral tolerance. They play an important role in the prevention of immune responses and autoimmunity. The main focus of this review is the role of Tregs and their subpopulation in liver transplantation. More specifically, this manuscript will highlight the recent findings about using Treg cells as a biomarker in liver transplantation. There are some reports and animal models about the role of Tregs in the process of rejection of liver transplantation. Previous reports and studies have suggested that by increasing the number of Tregs better liver transplant outcomes will be accomplished by enhancing tolerance. It has been shown that the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3+ Treg cells correlate with the inhibition of acute allograft rejection in liver transplantation; however, further studies must be done to address the potential role of Treg cells in chronic rejection. Indeed, in the future, Treg cells may have potential use as a beneficial biomarker to screen long-term graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Beyzaei
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Shojazadeh
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Assadiasl S, Mooney N, Nicknam MH. Cytokines in Liver Transplantation. Cytokine 2021; 148:155705. [PMID: 34564024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines, soluble mediators of the immune system, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune, allergic and infectious diseases. They are also implicated in the initiation and development of allograft rejection. During recent years, there have been considerable advances in generating novel anti-cytokine agents with promoted efficacy and safety, which could be administrated for managing dysregulated cytokine secretion; besides, gene therapy for overexpression of immunomodulatory cytokines has shown substantial improvements. Liver transplantation has been established as a life-saving treatment for end-stage hepatic diseases but the growing number of recipients urge for improved post-transplant care including tolerance induction, infection control and resolving immunosuppressant drugs adverse effects. Cytokines with a wide range of proinflammatory and regulatory properties might be considered as potential therapeutic targets for selective suppression or enhancement of the immune responses in recipients. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the positive and negative effects of cytokines on liver allograft in addition to their prognostic and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Assadiasl
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nuala Mooney
- Human Immunology and Immunopathology, Inserm UMR 976, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nicknam
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhu JQ, Wang J, Li XL, Xu WL, Lv SC, Zhao X, Lang R, He Q. A combination of the percentages of IFN-γ +CD4 +T cells and granzyme B +CD19 +B cells is associated with acute hepatic rejection: a case control study. J Transl Med 2021; 19:187. [PMID: 33933100 PMCID: PMC8088570 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cells and B cells play a key role in alloimmune responses. We aimed to characterize the shift of T cell subsets and B cell subsets during acute hepatic rejection, and further determine whether they could serve as a prognostic marker. Methods Blood samples together with the clinical data from liver transplant recipients with and without acute hepatic rejection were collected and analyzed as well as from a validation cohort. Results Upon activation the expression of TGF-β and granzyme B in CD19+B cells, and the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ in CD4+T cells were higher in acute hepatic rejection. However, only the frequencies of granzyme B+CD19+B cells and IFN-γ+CD4+T cells correlated with liver function in addition to with each other. A combination of the two cell subsets as a novel marker could classify rejection versus non-rejection (area under the curve 0.811, p = 0.001) with the cut-off value of 62.93%, which was more sensitive for worse histological changes (p = 0.027). Moreover, the occurrence rate of acute rejection was higher in the group with the novel marker > 62.93% (p = 0.000). The role of the novel marker was further confirmed in a validation cohort, which was identified to be the only significant independent risk factor for acute rejection (odds ratio: 0.923; 95% CI confidence interval: 0.885–0.964; p = 0.000). Conclusions A combination of the percentages of IFN-γ+CD4+T cells and granzyme B+CD19+B cells can distinguish rejection from non-rejection, which can be used as a potential prognostic marker for acute rejection in liver transplant recipients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02855-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qiao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Medical Research Center, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Medical Research Center, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xian-Liang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Medical Research Center, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Wen-Li Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Medical Research Center, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Shao-Cheng Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Medical Research Center, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Medical Research Center, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Medical Research Center, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Medical Research Center, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Wei Y, Jing J, Peng Z, Liu X, Wang X. Acacetin ameliorates insulin resistance in obesity mice through regulating Treg/Th17 balance via MiR-23b-3p/NEU1 Axis. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:57. [PMID: 33781239 PMCID: PMC8008644 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of miR-23b-3p in insulin resistance (IR) remained poorly understood. METHODS After acacetin injection, obesity-induced IR model was constructed with or without miR-23b-3p upregulation and Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) overexpression in mice. Body weight, serum metabolite and fat percent of the mice were measured. Tests on oral glucose and insulin tolerance were performed, and inflammatory cytokines C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) levels were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The binding sites between miR-23b-3p and NEU1 were predicted by TargetScan, and verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Relative expressions were detected with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Proportion of Treg and Th17 cells in total CD4+ T cells was detected with flow cytometry. RESULTS MiR-23b-3p offset the effects of acacetin on body weight, fat percent, inflammatory cytokines levels and expressions of markers of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells), NEU1 and miR-23b-3p. NEU1 was a target of miR-23b-3p, and overexpressed NEU1 reversed the effects of upregulated miR-23b-3p on reducing Treg cells but increased body weight, fat percent and inflammatory cytokines levels, percentage of Th17 cells, and upregulated NEU1 expression. CONCLUSION Upregulation of miR-23b-3p offset the effects of acacetin on obesity-induced IR through regulating Treg/Th17 cell balance via targeting NEU1.The present findings provide a possible prevention strategy for obesity-induced IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Zhejiang, 310007, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianhong Jing
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Zhejiang, 310007, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Zhejiang, 310007, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Zhejiang, 310007, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.453 Stadium Road, Xihu District, Zhejiang, 310007, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang W, Liu Z, Xu X. Navigating immune cell immunometabolism after liver transplantation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103227. [PMID: 33675906 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases. The immunometabolism microenvironment undergoes massive changes at the interface of immune functionalities and metabolic regulations after LT. These changes considerably modify post-transplant complications, and immune cells play an influential role in the hepatic immunometabolism microenvironment after LT. Therefore, adequate studies on the complex pathobiology of immune cells are critical to prevent post-transplant complications, and the interplay between cellular metabolism and immune function is evident. Furthermore, immune cells perform their specified functions, such as activation or differentiation, accompanied by alterations in metabolic pathways, such as metabolic reprogramming. This transformation remarkably affects post-transplant complications like rejection. By targeting different metabolic pathways, regulations of metabolism are employed to shape immune responses. These differences of metabolic pathways allow for selective regulation of immune responses to further develop effective therapies that prevent graft loss after LT. This review examines immune cells in the hepatic immunometabolism microenvironment after LT, summarizes possible mechanisms and potential prevention on rejection to acquire immune tolerance, and offers some insight into references for scientific research along with clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhang W, Cao D, Wang M, Wu Y, Gong J, Li J, Liu Y. XBP1s repression regulates Kupffer cell polarization leading to immune suppressive effects protecting liver allograft in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107294. [PMID: 33395585 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polarized kupffer cells (KCs) influence the immune response after liver transplantation. We report an undiscovered immune regulatory role of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) on immune function of kupffer cells (KCs). METHODS Acute rejection model using rats. RESULTS We found that suppression of XBP1s in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated KCs could increase the expression of arginase-1 (Arg-1) and CD204 but also decrease the expression levels of MHC-II and CD40 and shift the phenotype markers of KCs toward M2 via the janus kinase (JAK) 3- Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription (STAT) 6 pathway, presenting an immunosuppressive function by enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion and accelerating apoptosis of activated T cells. XBP1s over-expression in KCs shift the phenotype markers on KCs towards M1 via the JAK1-STAT1 pathway and have shown a strong pro-inflammatory property. Down-regulation of XBP1s in KCs changed the phenotype and cytokine secretion profile towards M2 and markedly protected the function and structure of allograft liver, prolonging the recipient's survival compared with control and normal saline groups in rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of XBP1 in an induced immuno-suppressive state to protect rat's liver allograft via JAK-STAT mediated KCs polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ding Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Menghao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yakun Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jingzheng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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Wang K, Song ZL, Wu B, Zhou CL, Liu W, Gao W. The T-helper cells 17 instead of Tregs play the key role in acute rejection after pediatric liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2019; 23:e13363. [PMID: 30756444 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Th17 and imbalance of Treg/Th17 might be one of the mechanisms of acute rejection. We aim to explore the role of Th17s in the balance of Treg/Th17 in acute rejection after LT in children diagnosed with BA. The ratios of Treg and Th17 in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry pre-LT, post-LT, and when rejection occurred. Treg proportion was higher before transplantation than at 2 weeks and 1 month after transplantation, with no statistical difference between 2 weeks and 1 month. However, Treg proportions were lower in pediatric recipients than healthy controls. The proportion of Tregs before anti-rejection treatment was lower than control group, with no statistical difference compared to the stable group and it showed no difference compared with that at 2 weeks and 1 month post-LT. The Th17 proportions were higher at 2 weeks and 1 month after transplantation than healthy controls. The Th17 proportion under the circumstances of rejection was higher than that in the stable group and control group; the proportion in stable group was higher than that in control group. After anti-rejection therapy, the proportions of Th17 were lower than those before therapy. In conclusion, the imbalance of Treg/Th17, especially Th17s instead of Tregs, may be one of the important mechanisms in acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo-Lun Song
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Lei Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Blood Transfusion Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
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Zeng Q, Yuan XY, Li W, Liu BW, Zhao X, Ren GJ, Wang Y, Dou J, Wang GY. Effects of tacrolimus (FK506) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on regulatory T cells and co-inhibitory receptors in the peripheral blood of human liver allograft patients. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:380-385. [PMID: 30633591 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1533026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Yuan
- Department of Gerontology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Experimental Center, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bao-Wang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Gui-Jun Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Gui-Ying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Hwang W, Lee J. Pathophysiologic Implications of Cytokines Secretion during Liver Transplantation Surgery. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1737-1745. [PMID: 30588198 PMCID: PMC6299421 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.28382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce the following issues of the cytokines secretion during liver transplantation surgery in this review article; 1) the aspect of cytokines secretion during liver transplantation surgery, 2) the evidences of association of cytokines concentration with post-transplantation graft survival, 3) a variety of factors that may influence the secretion of cytokines during liver transplantation, 4) pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance during the surgery, and 5) the issues of T helper 1 and T helper 2, and T helper 17 and regulatory T cell signature cytokines secretion and their ratio during liver transplantation surgery. Primary failure of the liver is associated with the secondary dysfunction of virtually all other organ systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, coagulation and central nervous systems. In addition, liver transplantation surgery itself is a major surgical procedure with accompanying life-threatening hemorrhage, massive transfusion, clamping and unclamping of great vessels and resulting ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiovascular instability. Both the underlying liver failure and the surgical events act as stressors and promote the secretion of various cytokines. So it is clinically important to understand above issues regarding the cytokines secretion during liver transplantation surgery. As cytokines secretion has clear relationship with post-transplantation clinical outcomes, future study directions for artificially manipulating cytokines secretion is also suggested for enhancing outcomes of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjung Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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12
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Wang Y, Wang L, Gao W, Chen X, Su Y. Detection of Treg/Th17 cells and related cytokines in peripheral blood of chronic hepatitis B patients combined with thrombocytopenia and the clinical significance. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1328-1332. [PMID: 30112063 PMCID: PMC6090452 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells, and related cytokines in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B combined with thrombocytopenia were investigated to explore the relationship with treatment outcomes. A total of 45 chronic hepatitis B patients combined with thrombocytopenia were selected in Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital from June 2015 to December 2016. All patients were treated with prednisolone acetate + γ globulins for 60 days. Treg cells and Th17 cells in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry, and IL-10, TGF-β, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 in peripheral blood were detected by ELISA before and after treatment. No significant differences in the percentages of Treg and Th17, and levels of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 were found in non-responders (n=17, platelets <100×109/l) before and after treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, percentage of Treg was significantly increased (higher than that of non-responders) and percentage of Th17 was significantly decreased (lower than that of non-responders) in responders (P<0.05). In addition, serum levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly increased (higher than that of non-responders) and serum levels of IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 were significantly decreased (lower than that of non-responders) in responders (P<0.05). The results showed that after treatment, the number of Treg cells was increased, the number of Th17 cells was decreased, the levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and TGF-β were increased, and levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 were decreased in chronic hepatitis B patients combined with thrombocytopenia, indicating the decreased autoimmune response and improved thrombocytopenia. The changes were closely related to the complete response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Liru Wang
- Department of Hematology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Su
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
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Whitehouse GP, Hope A, Sanchez-Fueyo A. Regulatory T-cell therapy in liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2018; 30:776-784. [PMID: 28608637 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Modern immunosuppression drug regimens have produced excellent short-term survival after liver transplantation but it is generally accepted that the side effects of these medications remain a significant contributing factor for less satisfactory long term outcomes. The liver has unique tolerogenic properties as evidenced by the higher rates of operational tolerance seen in liver transplant recipients compared to other solid organ transplants, and therefore, liver transplantation offers an attractive setting in which to study tolerizing therapies. CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for maintenance of self-tolerance and prevention of autoimmune disease and are therefore an appealing potential candidate for use as a tolerizing cell therapy. In this review, we summarize the evidence from drug withdrawal trials of spontaneous operational tolerance in liver transplantation, the unique immunology of the hepatic microenvironment, the evidence for the use of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells as a tolerance inducing therapy in liver transplantation and the challenges in producing clinical grade Treg cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Whitehouse
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Hope
- CRF GMP Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Abstract
In the study, we investigated the immune factors related to T helper 17 (Th17) cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells in spontaneous abortion mice. The expression of Th17 was analyzed by interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A secretion, RAR-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) expression, and proportion of CD4+IL-17+ cells. The levels of IL-10, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), Foxp3, and CD4+Foxp3+ cells were presented the Treg expression. Higher embryo absorption rate was found in spontaneous abortion group than that in normal pregnancy group ( P < 0.01). Compared with the normal pregnancy mice, spontaneous abortion mice showed higher levels of IL-6 and IL-17A and lower levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in serum and in decidua ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expressions of Foxp3 and CD4+Foxp3+ cells were significantly decreased in spontaneous abortion mice than those in normal pregnancy mice ( P < 0.05). However, the levels of RORγt and CD4+IL-17+ cells remarkably increased in spontaneous abortion mice ( P < 0.05). The results reveal that Th17/Treg cells may play a vital role in immunoregulation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Qinglan Qu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Department of Obstetrics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
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Nakano T, Chen IH, Goto S, Lai CY, Tseng HP, Hsu LW, Chiu KW, Lin CC, Wang CC, Cheng YF, Chen CL. Hepatic miR-301a as a Liver Transplant Rejection Biomarker? And Its Role for Interleukin-6 Production in Hepatocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:55-66. [PMID: 28271982 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakano
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant immunology, Liver Transplantation Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant immunology, Liver Transplantation Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Division of Transplant immunology, Liver Transplantation Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Fukuoka Institution of Occupational Health, Nobeoka, Japan
- Basic Medical Science of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane, Japan
| | - Chia-Yun Lai
- Division of Transplant immunology, Liver Transplantation Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Peng Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant immunology, Liver Transplantation Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Division of Transplant immunology, Liver Transplantation Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - King-Wah Chiu
- Division of Transplant immunology, Liver Transplantation Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Che Lin
- Division of Transplant immunology, Liver Transplantation Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Wang
- Division of Transplant immunology, Liver Transplantation Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Cheng
- Division of Transplant immunology, Liver Transplantation Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Division of Transplant immunology, Liver Transplantation Center, Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Qin Q, Luo D, Shi Y, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Wu J, Zhao M. CD25 siRNA induces Treg/Th1 cytokine expression in rat corneal transplantation models. Exp Eye Res 2016; 151:134-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yang Y, Shen ZY, Wu B, Yin ML, Zhang BY, Song HL. Mesenchymal stem cells improve the outcomes of liver recipients via regulating CD4+ T helper cytokines in rats. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2016; 15:257-65. [PMID: 27298101 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(16)60085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) exert immunosuppressive activities in transplantation. This study aimed to determine whether BMMSCs reduce acute rejection and improve outcomes of liver transplantation in rats. METHODS Orthotopic liver transplantation from Lewis to Brown Norway rats was performed, which was followed by the infusion of BMMSCs through the penile superficial dorsal vein. Normal saline infusion was used as a control. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 24, 72, or 168 hours after BMMSCs infusion. Liver grafts, and recipient serum and spleen tissues were obtained. Histopathology, apoptosis, serum liver enzymes, serum cytokines, and circulating regulatory T (Treg), Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells were assessed at each time point. RESULTS BMMSCs significantly attenuated acute rejection and improved the survival rate of allogeneic liver transplantation recipients. Liver enzymes and liver apoptosis were significantly alleviated. The levels of the Th1/Th2 ratio-associated cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma were significantly reduced and IL-10 was significantly increased. The levels of the Th17/Tregs axis-associated cytokines such as IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-alpha were significantly reduced, whereas TGF-beta concentration was significantly increased. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis showed that the infusion of BMMSCs significantly increased Th2 and Treg cells and decreased Th1 and Th17 cells. CONCLUSION BMMSCs had immunomodulatory effects, attenuated acute rejection and improved outcomes of allogeneic liver transplantation in rats by regulating the levels of cytokines associated with Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.
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Zhang AY, Liu YM, Gong JP. Kupffer cells and liver transplantation. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1917-1923. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i12.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, liver transplantation is globally considered the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and immune rejection response (IRR) are the two major imperfections which severely affect the recipients' prognosis and survival rate without satisfactory clinical management strategies. Therefore, exploring effective methods to improve I/R injury and IRR have important clinical significance under circumstances of shortage of donor livers. Kupffer cells (KCs) are the largest population of antigen representing cells (APCs) which settle in the liver. As the first defensive line of the live, KCs exhibit various biological effects. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the role of KCs in I/R injury and IRR remain elusive. We hereby review the current finding about the role of KCs in I/R injury and IRR.
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The ratio of circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs)/Th17 cells is associated with acute allograft rejection in liver transplantation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112135. [PMID: 25372875 PMCID: PMC4221545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 cells are known to be involved in the alloreactive responses in organ transplantation, but little is known about the relationship between Tregs and Th17 cells in the context of liver alloresponse. Here, we investigated whether the circulating Tregs/Th17 ratio is associated with acute allograft rejection in liver transplantation. In present study, thirty-eight patients who received liver transplant were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: acute allograft rejection group (Gr-AR) (n = 16) and stable allograft liver function group (Gr-SF) (n = 22). The frequencies of circulating Tregs and circulating Th17 cells, as well as Tregs/Th17 ratio were determined using flow cytometry. The association between Tregs/Th17 ratio and acute allograft rejection was then analyzed. Our results showed that the frequency of circulating Tregs was significantly decreased, whereas the frequency of circulating Th17 cells was significantly increased in liver allograft recipients who developed acute rejection. Tregs/Th17 ratio had a negative correlation with liver damage indices and the score of rejection activity index (RAI) after liver transplantation. In addition, the percentages of CTLA-4+, HLA-DR+, Ki67+, and IL-10+ Tregs were higher in Gr-SF group than in Gr-AR group. Our results suggested that the ratio of circulating Tregs/Th17 cells is associated with acute allograft rejection, thus the ratio may serve as an alternative marker for the diagnosis of acute rejection.
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20
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Liu YM, Chen Y, Li JZ, Gong JP. Up-regulation of Galectin-9 in vivo results in immunosuppressive effects and prolongs survival of liver allograft in rats. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:217-22. [PMID: 25218666 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Acute rejection is still a major cause of graft dysfunction and would jeopardize recipients' post-transplantation survival. Current studies demonstrate that Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is associated with down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus, possesses a negative immune regulatory role. However, the specific role of Gal-9 in liver transplant remains unknown. METHODS To establish acute rejection models of rat liver transplantation (Lewis-BN, n = 45), recipients were randomly divided into following three groups: the transfected group (n = 15); the blank plasmid group (n = 15); and the control group (n = 15). The transfected group was perfused with Ad-galectin-9 through the portal vein during the cold ischemia period. The blank plasmid group was perfused with non-target vector, and the control group was perfused with saline. The acute rejection was assayed by pathological examination; Gal-9, T-bet, RORγt, GATA3 and Foxp3 mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR; Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to measure IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-17 expression. RESULTS The pathological change of the transfected group was ameliorated than that of the other two groups. The Gal-9 mRNA level in the transfected group was much higher than that in the other two groups (*P < 0.05); T-bet and RORγt mRNA levels were significantly lower in the transfected group than in the other two groups while GATA3 and Foxp3 were not shown statistics significances (*P < 0.05). The IFN-γ and IL-17 levels in the transfected group were significantly lower than in the other two groups (*P < 0.05 for both protein and serum levels). CONCLUSION Up-regulation of Gal-9 in vivo turns immune system toward immnuosuppression and prolongs rats liver allograft survival by the diminishment of Th1/Th17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76# Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76# Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Jin-Zheng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76# Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76# Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China.
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Xie Y, Chen H, Zhu B, Qin N, Chen Y, Li Z, Deng M, Jiang H, Xu X, Yang J, Ruan B, Li L. Effect of Intestinal Microbiota Alteration on Hepatic Damage in Rats with Acute Rejection After Liver Transplantation. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 68:871-80. [PMID: 25004996 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Knockdown of microRNA-155 in Kupffer cells results in immunosuppressive effects and prolongs survival of mouse liver allografts. Transplantation 2014; 97:626-35. [PMID: 24531847 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies have shown that Kupffer cells (KCs) play a crucial role in postoperative pathologic changes. Recent reports have demonstrated that microRNA-155 (miR-155) is associated with inflammation and upregulation of proinflammatory mediators in the peripheral blood and allografts of transplant patients. However, the precise mechanism for this remains unknown. METHODS KCs isolated from BALB/c mice were transfected with miR-155 mimic or inhibitor. Levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (SOCS1/JAK/STAT) proteins and surface molecules (MHC-II, CD40, and CD86) were then measured. T-cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated in mixed lymphocyte reactions. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed in mice after miR-155 short hairpin RNA lentivirus treatment, and postoperative survival, liver function and histology, and mRNA and protein expression were analyzed. RESULTS miR-155 knockdown in KCs decreased MHC-II, CD40, and CD86 expression, suppressed antigen-presenting function, and affected SOCS1/JAK/STAT inflammatory pathways. In addition, KCs transfected with miR-155 inhibitor and cocultured with T lymphocytes showed reduced T-cell responses but a greater number of apoptotic T cells. Finally, miR-155 suppression in graft liver prolonged liver allograft survival and improved liver function. The changes were closely associated with the levels of T helper 1 and 2 (Th1/Th2) cytokines and T-cell apoptosis, but a direct mechanistic link in vivo was not established. CONCLUSION These data suggest miR-155 regulates the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines and the maturation and function of KCs in mice. miR-155 repression in KCs positively regulates KC function toward immunosuppression and prolongs liver allograft survival.
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Liao H, Yang DH. CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 + Treg cells and liver transplant tolerance. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1226-1234. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i9.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several subgroups of regulatory T (Treg) cells play crucial roles in both induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self-antigens and alloantigens. The most extensively and comprehensively studied regulatory T cell subgroup is CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Numerous studies indicate that insufficiency or dysfunction of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells is responsible for the development of many autoimmune diseases and rejections after organ transplantation. Therefore, harnessing CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells may provide a promising approach for inducing and maintaining liver transplant tolerance. In this review, we will focus on the history and classification of regulatory T cells, the mechanisms by which regulatory T cells induce transplant tolerance and their roles in liver transplant tolerance.
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Askar M. T helper subsets & regulatory T cells: rethinking the paradigm in the clinical context of solid organ transplantation. Int J Immunogenet 2014; 41:185-94. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Askar
- Allogen Laboratories; Transplant Center; Cleveland Clinic & Department of Surgery; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine; CWRU; Cleveland OH USA
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Yu X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang M, Sun Y, Su H, Jin L, Wang F, Shi M. Characteristics of Vδ1(+) and Vδ2(+) γδ T cell subsets in acute liver allograft rejection. Transpl Immunol 2013; 29:118-22. [PMID: 24029467 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the characteristics of γδ T cells as well as the Vδ1(+) and Vδ2(+) subsets in the peripheral blood in liver allograft recipients. METHODS Sixty-three liver transplant recipients were enrolled in this study: 26 cases with acute allograft rejection (Gr-AR), and 37 cases with stable allograft liver function (Gr-SF). The frequencies of γδ T cells, the Vδ1(+) and Vδ2(+) subsets, and interleukin (IL)-10-producing Vδ1(+) γδ T cells in the peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry. The relationship between liver function parameters and the Vδ1(+)/Vδ2(+) ratio was analyzed. RESULTS The frequency of the Vδ1(+) subset and the Vδ1(+)/Vδ2(+) ratio in Gr-SF was significantly higher than that in Gr-AR; in contrast, the frequency of the Vδ2(+) subset in Gr-SF was markedly lower than that in Gr-AR. In addition, there was no significant difference in the frequency of γδ T cells between the Gr-AR and Gr-SF groups. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between the Vδ1(+)/Vδ2(+) ratio with the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in Gr-AR. CONCLUSIONS Vδ1(+) γδ T cells may have a potential role in maintaining stable graft liver function, and Vδ2(+) γδ T cells may be associated with liver allograft rejection. The Vδ1(+)/Vδ2(+) ratio could serve as a prognostic marker for acute rejection after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Peking University 302 Hospital, Beijing, China; Research Center for Liver Transplantation, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang XF, van Velkinburgh JC, Zhang Y, Ni B, Yang ZY. Effects of immunosuppressive agents on Th17 cells involved in transplantation. Clin Transplant 2013; 27:E12-20. [PMID: 23215778 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lymphocyte-derived helper T (Th) cells are critical regulators of the adaptive immune response and are associated with inflammatory disease. The most recently recognized Th-cell lineage, Th17, plays an important role in host defense against extracellular pathogens by secreting the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 17, and recruiting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing monocytes to the site of infection. However, accumulating evidence has implicated Th17-cell dysregulation as an underlying cause for some immune-related pathogenic conditions, including allograft rejection. Recent studies of human transplant patients have indicated that Th17 cells exhibit resistance to current immunosuppressive therapies that would otherwise prevent allograft rejection. In this review, we will discuss the most current research findings related to Th17-cell function in various kinds of allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Wang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Southwest Hospital, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Increase of peripheral Th17 lymphocytes during acute cellular rejection in liver transplant recipients. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2012; 11:606-11. [PMID: 23232631 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(12)60231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases were previously considered to be mediated by T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, the recently described Th17 cells play dominant roles in several of these diseases. We and others speculated that allograft rejection after organ transplantation may also involve Th17 cells. Episodes of acute rejection occur in 30% of liver transplants. This study aimed to determine the frequency of circulating Th17 cells in patients who had received liver transplants for benign end-stage liver disease and to identify any association between acute rejection episodes and levels of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood. METHODS A prospective study compared Th17 cells from 76 consecutive benign end-stage liver disease patients who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation from 2007 to 2011 with those from 20 age-matched healthy individuals. Peripheral blood samples were collected at different time points within one year after transplant. Blood samples and liver biopsies were also collected at the diagnosis of acute rejection. Percentages of circulating CD4+IL-17+ cells were measured by flow cytometry. The transplant patients were classified into two groups: a rejection group consisting of 17 patients who had an episode of acute rejection, and a non-rejection group comprising the remaining 59 patients with no acute rejection episodes. Percentages of circulating Th17 cells were compared between the two groups and controls. RESULTS The levels of circulating CD4+IL-17+ T cells in the rejection group were higher during acute rejection than those in the non-rejection group (2.56+/-0.43% versus 1.79+/-0.44%, P<0.001). The frequency of CD4+IL-17+ cells in peripheral blood was positively correlated with the rejection activity index (r=0.79, P=0.0002). CONCLUSION Circulating Th17 cells may be useful as a surrogate marker for predicting acute rejection in liver transplant recipients.
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Commodaro AG, Pedregosa JF, Peron JP, Brandão W, Rizzo LV, Bueno V. The imbalance between Treg and Th17 cells caused by FTY720 treatment in skin allograft rejection. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:805-13. [PMID: 22892927 PMCID: PMC3400173 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(07)17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES FTY720 modulates CD4+T cells by the augmentation of regulatory T cell activity, secretion of suppressive cytokines and suppression of IL-17 secretion by Th17 cells. To further understand the process of graft rejection/acceptance, we evaluated skin allograft survival and associated events after FTY720 treatment. METHODS F1 mice (C57BL/6xBALB/c) and C57BL/6 mice were used as donors for and recipients of skin transplantation, respectively. The recipients were transplanted and either not treated or treated with FTY720 by gavage for 21 days to evaluate the allograft survival. In another set of experiments, the immunological evaluation was performed five days post-transplantation. The spleens, axillary lymph nodes and skin allografts of the recipient mice were harvested for phenotyping (flow cytometry), gene expression (real-time PCR) and cytokine (Bio-Plex) analysis. RESULTS The FTY720 treatment significantly increased skin allograft survival, reduced the number of cells in the lymph nodes and decreased the percentage of Tregs at this site in the C57BL/6 recipients. Moreover, the treatment reduced the number of graft-infiltrating cells and the percentage of CD4+ graft-infiltrating cells. The cytokine analysis (splenocytes) showed decreased levels of IL-10, IL-6 and IL-17 in the FTY720-treated mice. We also observed a decrease in the IL-10, IL-6 and IL-23 mRNA levels, as well as an increase in the IL-27 mRNA levels, in the splenocytes of the treated group. The FTY720-treated mice exhibited increased mRNA levels of IL-10, IL-27 and IL-23 in the skin graft. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated prolonged but not indefinite skin allograft survival by FTY720 treatment. This finding indicates that the drug did not prevent the imbalance between Tr1 and Th17 cells in the graft that led to rejection.
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Shalev I, Selzner N, Shyu W, Grant D, Levy G. Role of regulatory T cells in the promotion of transplant tolerance. Liver Transpl 2012; 18:761-70. [PMID: 22523007 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is now recognized as the most effective therapy for patients with end-stage acute and chronic liver failure. Despite outstanding short-term graft and patient survival, liver transplantation continues to face several major challenges, including poor long-term graft survival due to chronic rejection and major side effects of long-term immunosuppressive therapy (which is required for the prevention of rejection). The ability to produce a state of tolerance after transplantation would potentially obviate long-term immunosuppression. Self-tolerance and immune homeostasis involve both central and peripheral immunoregulatory mechanisms. To date, studies have shown that many subsets of regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune responses to foreign and alloantigens. The identification of Tregs that are positive for CD4, CD25, and the transcription factor forkhead box (Foxp3) has resulted in major advances in our understanding of the immunology of rejection and the development of transplant tolerance. In this article, we focus on the importance of Tregs in tolerance induction in experimental models of liver transplantation. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of Tregs for the promotion of tolerance in transplant patients and highlight recent clinical trials of Treg-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Shalev
- University of Toronto Transplantation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Nakano T, Lai CY, Goto S, Hsu LW, Kawamoto S, Ono K, Chen KD, Lin CC, Chiu KW, Wang CC, Cheng YF, Chen CL. Immunological and regenerative aspects of hepatic mast cells in liver allograft rejection and tolerance. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37202. [PMID: 22615941 PMCID: PMC3352886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise roles of mast cells in liver allograft rejection and tolerance are still unknown. This study aimed to explore the roles of mast cells in immune regulation and liver regeneration for tolerance induction by using rat models of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-Kit, which are critical to the migration and development of not only stem cells but also mast cells, significantly increased in the tolerogenic livers as compared with rejected livers. The significant elevation of mast cell tryptase, high-affinity IgE receptor, and histamine suggested the activation of mast cells in liver allografts at the tolerogenic phase after OLT. Immunohistochemical analysis using confocal microscope clearly showed colocalization of mast cells, Foxp3+ Tregs, γδ T cells, and recipient-derived hepatic progenitor cells with higher expression of SCF, IL-9, IL-10, TGF-β1, and IL-17 related to immunoregulation and liver regeneration in the donor grafts of a tolerogenic OLT model. Cross-talk among mast cells and other cells was evaluated by in vitro studies demonstrating that syngeneic bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) co-cultured with naïve splenocytes or primary hepatocytes significantly increased the population of splenic γδ T cells by mitogen stimulation or by mast cell degranulation, and also significantly induced the hepatocyte proliferation, respectively. Our results suggested that mast cells in the donor grafts may play important roles in the induction/maintenance of immune tolerance and liver regeneration resulting in the replacement of hepatic cells from donor to recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakano
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung, Taiwan
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TN); (CLC)
| | - Chia-Yun Lai
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Iwao Hospital, Kawakami, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Seiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ono
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Che Lin
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - King-Wah Chiu
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Wang
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Cheng
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver Transplantation Program, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TN); (CLC)
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Wang D, Toyofuku WM, Chen AM, Scott MD. Induction of immunotolerance via mPEG grafting to allogeneic leukocytes. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9494-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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