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Tian J, Song D, Peng Y, Zhang J, Ma L, Chen Z, Liang L, Zhang Z, Yun X, Zhang L. Silica-induced macrophage pyroptosis propels pulmonary fibrosis through coordinated activation of relaxin and osteoclast differentiation signaling to reprogram fibroblasts. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116106. [PMID: 38377782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticle (SiNP) exposure induces severe pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, but the pathogenesis remains unclear, and effective therapies are currently lacking. To explore the mechanism underlying SiNPs-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we constructed in vivo silica exposure animal models and in vitro models of silica-induced macrophage pyroptosis and fibroblast transdifferentiation. We found that SiNP exposure elicits upregulation of pulmonary proteins associated with pyroptosis, including NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β, and GSDMD, while the immunofluorescence staining co-localized NLRP3 and GSDMD with macrophage-specific biomarker F4/80 in silica-exposed lung tissues. However, the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and classical anti-fibrosis drug pirfenidone (PFD) were found to be able to alleviate silica-induced collagen deposition in the lungs. In in vitro studies, we exposed the fibroblast to a conditioned medium from silica-induced pyroptotic macrophages and found enhanced expression of α-SMA, suggesting increased transdifferentiation of fibroblast to myofibroblast. In line with in vivo studies, the combined treatment of MCC950 and PFD was demonstrated to inhibit the expression of α-SMA and attenuate fibroblast transdifferentiation. Mechanistically, we adopted high throughput RNA sequencing on fibroblast with different treatments and found activated signaling of relaxin and osteoclast differentiation pathways, where the expression of the dysregulated genes in these two pathways was examined and found to be consistently altered both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our study demonstrates that SiNP exposure induces macrophage pyroptosis, which subsequently causes fibroblast transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts, in which the relaxin and osteoclast differentiation signaling pathways play crucial roles. These findings may provide valuable references for developing new therapies for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tian
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Yanjie Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Zhu'e Town Health Clinic, Dezhou 253000, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Liyang Liang
- Department of Surgery-oncology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Zitong Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan 250001, China; School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiang Yun
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan 250001, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been a rapid increase in silicosis cases, particularly related to artificial stone. The key to management is avoidance of silica exposure. Despite this, many develop progressive disease and there are no routinely recommended treatments. This review provides a summary of the literature pertaining to pharmacological therapies for silicosis and examines the plausibility of success of such treatments given the disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS In-vitro and in-vivo models demonstrate potential efficacy for drugs, which target inflammasomes, cytokines, effector cells, fibrosis, autophagy, and oxidation. SUMMARY There is some evidence for potential therapeutic targets in silicosis but limited translation into human studies. Treatment of silicosis likely requires a multimodal approach, and there is considerable cross-talk between pathways; agents that modulate both inflammation, fibrosis, autophagy, and ROS production are likely to be most efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Barnes
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne
| | - Maggie Lam
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan Hoy
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health
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Yuan S, Guo D, Liang X, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Xie D. Relaxin in fibrotic ligament diseases: Its regulatory role and mechanism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1131481. [PMID: 37123405 PMCID: PMC10134402 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1131481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic ligament diseases (FLDs) are diseases caused by the pathological accumulation of periarticular fibrotic tissue, leading to functional disability around joint and poor life quality. Relaxin (RLX) has been reported to be involved in the development of fibrotic lung and liver diseases. Previous studies have shown that RLX can block pro-fibrotic process by reducing the excess extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and accelerating collagen degradation in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies have shown that RLX can attenuate connective tissue fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β/Smads signaling pathways to inhibit the activation of myofibroblasts. However, the specific roles and mechanisms of RLX in FLDs remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we confirmed the protective effect of RLX in FLDs and summarized its mechanism including cells, key cytokines and signaling pathways involved. In this article, we outline the potential therapeutic role of RLX and look forward to the application of RLX in the clinical translation of FLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhi Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luhui Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Denghui Xie, ; Qun Zhang,
| | - Denghui Xie
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Denghui Xie, ; Qun Zhang,
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Ezhilarasan D. Relaxin in hepatic fibrosis: What is known and where to head? Biochimie 2021; 187:144-151. [PMID: 34102254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Relaxin (RLX) is a heterodimeric, polypeptide hormone that has natural anti-fibrotic activity in many organs. During the chronic liver injury, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are phenotypically transformed into myofibroblasts. This process is known as activation of HSCs. Activated HSCs play a central role in hepatic fibrosis. Quiescent HSCs were shown to express low levels of RLX receptors such as RXFP1 and RXFP2. Upon chronic liver injury, HSCs are activated and express high levels of the RLX receptors. ML290, an agonist of RXFP1 has been reported to have antifibrotic effect in vitro as well as in vivo. Serelaxin, a recombinant human RLX-2 treatment has reduced hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension in experimental models due to its vasodilation properties by inducing intrahepatic nitric oxide level. Serelaxin has also produced a neutral effect when studied against human cirrhosis-related portal hypertension in clinical trials. RLX is a potent collagen synthesis inhibitor and it has extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling properties by promoting matrix metalloproteinases and downregulating expression of metalloproteinases inhibitors. Available reports suggest that RLX could induce ECM remodeling and suppress the profibrogenic transforming growth factor-β signaling and thereby regress hepatic fibrosis. Though RLX has natural antifibrotic activity, its antifibrotic molecular mechanisms especially in hepatic fibrosis condition are not reported. This review exclusively focuses antifibrotic effect of RLX on hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Lab, Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 077, India.
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Zhao YL, Pu SB, Qi Y, Wu BF, Shang JH, Liu YP, Hu D, Luo XD. Pharmacological effects of indole alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. on pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113506. [PMID: 33148433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae) is a Dai folk medicine for the treatment of lung diseases in China. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study investigated the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects of total alkaloids (TA) and the potential active ingredients and its possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS After intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/kg), mice were divided into ten groups, and orally treated with the corresponding samples once daily for 28 days. The effect of indole alkaloids was determined through analysis of cytokines, as well as histopathological examinations and gene expressions. RESULTS Severe lung fibrosis was observed in the BLM-treated mice on day 28. However, the administration of TA significantly ameliorated the pathological changes in the lungs, decreased the content of Krebs von den Lungen-6, lactate dehydrogenase, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), hydroxyproline, type I collagen, and malonaldehyde, and enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase in the serum and lung tissues. In addition, the enhanced TGF-β and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expressions in BLM-induced mice were obviously weakened by indole alkaloids, as well as the ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-1 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was decreased. Moreover, picrinine and scholaricine yielded markedly better values in the aforementioned indices than those in other samples, indicating that they may be the active ingredients of alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS TA exerted protective effects against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis by reducing collagen deposition through TGF-β/MMP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Shi-Biao Pu
- Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yan Qi
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of TCM, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021, PR China
| | - Bai-Fen Wu
- Yunnan University of Business Management, Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Di Hu
- Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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Zhang ZQ, Tian HT, Liu H, Xie R. The role of macrophage-derived TGF-β1 on SiO 2-induced pulmonary fibrosis: A review. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:240-250. [PMID: 33588701 DOI: 10.1177/0748233721989896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational fibrotic lung disease caused by inhaling large amounts of crystalline silica dust. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which is secreted from macrophages, has an important role in the development of this disease. Macrophages can recognize and capture silicon dust, undergo M2 polarization, synthesize TGF-β1 precursors, and secrete them out of the cell where they are activated. Activated TGF-β1 induces cells from different sources, transforming them into myofibroblasts through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, ultimately causing silicosis. These processes involve complex molecular events, which are not yet fully understood. This systematic summary may further elucidate the location and development of pulmonary fibrosis in the formation of silicosis. In this review, we discussed the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms of production, secretion, activation of TGF-β1, as well as the mechanisms through which TGF-β1 induces cells from three different sources into myofibroblasts during the pathogenesis of silicosis. This study furthers the medical understanding of the pathogenesis and theoretical basis for diagnosing silicosis, thereby promoting silicosis prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Public Health, 74496Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hai-Tao Tian
- Department of Public Health, 74496Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Public Health, 74496Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ruining Xie
- Department of Public Health, 74496Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Liu H, Yu H, Cao Z, Gu J, Pei L, Jia M, Su M. Kaempferol Modulates Autophagy and Alleviates Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1418-1426. [PMID: 31560574 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational disease characterized as inflammatory cells infiltration and severe progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Kaempferol (Kae), a flavonoid that exists in many plants and fruits, has been proved to have anti-inflammatory and antifibrosis functions. However, the effects of Kae on silicosis remain unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of Kae in 1-, 7-, and 28-day silicosis models, respectively. In the 1-day model, Kae treatment did not vary the wet-to-dry weight ratios of the lung, apoptotic rate, autophagy, or the expression of inflammatory factors. In contrast, Kae significantly inhibited pulmonary inflammation in the 7-day silicosis models and inhibited silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the 28-day models. Besides, we found that Kae partially restored silica-induced LC3 lipidation without increasing the p62 levels. Blocking autophagy with chloroquine antagonized the inhibitory effects of Kae on inflammation, suggesting that autophagy might be required in the therapeutic effects of Kae on silicosis. These findings indicated that Kae inhibits the progression of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which may provide experimental evidences for Kae in the treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangqi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - He Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenju Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxu Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Qin H, Wen HT, Gu KJ, Hu XD, Yang T, Yan XF, Ye TJ, Huo JL, Hu J. Total extract of Xin Jia Xuan Bai Cheng Qi decoction inhibits pulmonary fibrosis via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2873-2886. [PMID: 31695321 PMCID: PMC6707443 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s185418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a common clinical disease, which results in serious respiratory impairment. Xin Jia Xuan Bai Cheng Qi Decoction (XJXBCQ) is a traditional prescription commonly used in treating lung diseases. We investigate the effect of XJXBCQ against PF and its mechanism via the regulation of TGF-β1/Smad in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods XJXBCQ was first extracted and probed for chemical characterization. An PF model in vitro and in vivo was established in rats and in MRC-5 cells. In bleomycin (BLM)-induced rats model, lung function such as peak expiratory flow (PEF), minute ventilation (MV) and hydroxyproline (HYP) were measured; histopathological changes of lung tissue and TGF-β1 in peripheral blood of rats were detected. TGF-β receptor, Smad2 and its phosphorylation expression were tested by Western blot assay in rats model. Then the effects of XJXBCQ on TGF-β1/Smad signal pathway were assessed by Western blot analysis in vitro, and IL-17A and IL-25 levels were evaluated by ELISA in vivo. Results Our results showed that XJXBCQ significantly enhanced the lung functions, such as PEF, MV and HYP, by reducing the expression level of lung inflammatory cytokine and the content and fibrosis of lung collagen. Moreover, XJXBCQ effectively inhibited TGF-β1, Smad2 and its phosphorylation expression, and the activation of Smad7 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, XJXBCQ had an inhibitory effect on the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (Fn) in vitro and downregulated IL-17A and IL-25 by inhibiting the activation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Further, XJXBCQ effectively inhibitied ventilation volume and peak expiratory content remodeling and hydroxyproline content through inhibition of TGF-βRⅡ, Smad2 and its phosphorylation expression, and activation of Smad7 in vivo. Conclusion XJXBCQ extract had an anti-PF effect in vitro and in vivo, which could be attributed to the inhibition of the expression of p-Smad2 and increase in the expression of Smad7 by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qin
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.,Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Tian Wen
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.,Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Juan Gu
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Dong Hu
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yan
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Jie Ye
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Lin Huo
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Ferreira L, Peng HH, Cox DP, Chambers DW, Bhula A, Young JD, Ojcius DM, Ramos-Junior ES, Morandini AC. Investigation of foreign materials in gingival lesions: a clinicopathologic, energy-dispersive microanalysis of the lesions and in vitro confirmation of pro-inflammatory effects of the foreign materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:250-267. [PMID: 31300373 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and histopathologic features of gingival lesions containing foreign material (GLFMs). In parallel, the composition of the foreign material and its effects in primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were investigated. STUDY DESIGN Eighty-six GLFMs were retrieved from an oral pathology biopsy service. Clinical and microscopic data were analyzed, and the composition of the particles was identified by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, HGFs were stimulated with silica (SiO2) microparticles to investigate the production of collagen type 1 (COL-1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS GLFMs were most commonly found in women (60.5%) and most frequently described as white plaques. Histopathologic examination identified verrucous hyperplasia in 59% and epithelial dysplasia in 28% of the cases. EDX microanalysis revealed that Si (94%) was the most frequently detected foreign element. SiO2 microparticles induced higher COL-1 expression; higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and transforming growth factor-β, and increased MMP-2 activity in HGFs. CONCLUSIONS There was a strong association between the presence of foreign material in the gingiva and white verrucous clinical lesions. In addition, the most common element in the foreign material was Si, and our in vitro findings demonstrate the importance of silica-mediated effects on gingival fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Ferreira
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Hsin-Hsin Peng
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taiwan; Laboratory Animal Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Darren P Cox
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David W Chambers
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avni Bhula
- International Dental Studies Program, University of Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John D Young
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taiwan; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erivan S Ramos-Junior
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ana Carolina Morandini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Pirfenidone inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary fibrosis in the rat silicosis model. Toxicol Lett 2019; 300:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Yang X, Ram N, Gest SD, Lydon-Staley DM, Conroy DE, Pincus AL, Molenaar PC. Socioemotional Dynamics of Emotion Regulation and Depressive Symptoms: A Person-Specific Network Approach. COMPLEXITY 2018; 2018:5094179. [PMID: 30613129 PMCID: PMC6319954 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5094179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Socioemotional processes engaged in daily life may afford and/or constrain individuals' emotion regulation in ways that affect psychological health. Recent findings from experience sampling studies suggest that persistence of negative emotions (emotion inertia), the strength of relations among an individual's negative emotions (density of the emotion network), and cycles of negative/aggressive interpersonal transactions are related to psychological health. Using multiple bursts of intensive experience sampling data obtained from 150 persons over one year, person-specific analysis, and impulse response analysis, this study quantifies the complex and interconnected socioemotional processes that surround individuals' daily social interactions and on-going regulation of negative emotion in terms of recovery time. We also examine how this measure of regulatory inefficiency is related to interindividual differences and intraindividual change in level of depressive symptoms. Individuals with longer recovery times had higher overall level of depressive symptoms. As well, during periods where recovery time of sadness was longer than usual, individuals' depressive symptoms were also higher than usual, particularly among individuals who experienced higher overall level of stressful life events. The findings and analysis highlight the utility of a person-specific network approach to study emotion regulation, how regulatory processes change over time, and potentially how planned changes in the configuration of individuals' systems may contribute to psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilam Ram
- Pennsylvania State University
- German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Berlin
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12
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Propofol Reversed Hypoxia-Induced Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells by Preventing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Inhibiting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 α. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4174232. [PMID: 29568752 PMCID: PMC5820676 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4174232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Hypoxia-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), driven by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), is involved in cancer progression and metastasis. The present study was designed to explore the role of propofol in hypoxia-induced resistance of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel. We used the Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation assay to measure cell viability and cell proliferation, respectively, in prostate cancer cell lines. Then, we detected HIF-1α, E-cadherin, and vimentin expression using western blotting. Propofol reversed the hypoxia-induced docetaxel resistance in the prostate cancer cell lines. Propofol not only decreased hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression, but also reversed hypoxia-induced EMT by suppressing HIF-1α. Furthermore, small interfering RNA–mediated silencing of HIF-1α reversed the hypoxia-induced docetaxel resistance, although there was little change in docetaxel sensitivity between the hypoxia group and propofol group. The induction of hypoxia did not affect E-cadherin and vimentin expression, and under the siRNA knockdown conditions, the effects of propofol were obviated. These data support a role for propofol in regulating EMT in prostate cancer cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that propofol plays an important role in hypoxia-induced docetaxel sensitivity and EMT in prostate cancer cells and that it is a potential drug for overcoming drug resistance in prostate cancer cells via HIF-1α suppression.
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Jinhong Tablet Reduces Damage of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in Rats with Acute Biliary Infection via Bcl-2/Bax mRNA and Protein Regulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4985926. [PMID: 29234407 PMCID: PMC5646335 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4985926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of Jinhong Tablet on intestinal mucosal barrier function and SIRS in rats with acute biliary infection. Methods 36 SD male rats were divided into three groups: sham operation (control), acute biliary infection (ABI) model, and Jinhong Tablet (Jinhong) group. Jinhong group were force-fed with Jinhong Tablet, while the other two groups received oral saline. At days 3 and 5, morphological changes of intestinal mucosa were assessed. Serum diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate, and endotoxin levels were measured. And the genes bcl-2 and bax in intestinal tissues were tested by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results Intestinal damage was significantly less severe in Jinhong group compared with ABI group, as indicated by Chiu's scoring, TUNEL analysis, and serum DAO, D-lactic acid, and endotoxin levels. Additionally, the expression of bax mRNA and protein was decreased and the ratio of bcl-2/bax mRNA and protein was increased compared with ABI group. Conclusion Jinhong Tablet had a positive intervention on acute biliary infection through improving inflammation and intestinal mucosal barrier, inhibiting excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells via bax and bcl-2 gene, and protein regulation.
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Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A on TGF-β/Smad Pathway Signaling: Implications for Silicone-Induced Capsule Formation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 138:821e-829e. [PMID: 27391832 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most serious complications of breast surgery using implants is capsular contracture. Several preventive treatments have been introduced; however, the mechanism of capsule formation has not been resolved completely. The authors previously identified negative effects of botulinum toxin type A on capsule formation, expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Thus, the authors investigated how to prevent capsule formation by using botulinum toxin type A, particularly by means of TGF-β1 signaling, in human fibroblasts. METHODS In vitro, cultured human fibroblasts were treated with TGF-β1 and/or botulinum toxin type A. Expression of collagen, matrix metalloproteinase, and Smad was examined by Western blotting. The activation of matrix metalloproteinase was observed by gelatin zymography. In vivo, the effect of botulinum toxin type A on the phosphorylation of Smad2 in silicone-induced capsule formation was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS In vitro, the phosphorylation of Smad2 was inhibited by botulinum toxin type A treatment. The expression levels of collagen types 1 and 3 were inhibited by botulinum toxin type A treatment, whereas those of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were enhanced. Gelatin zymography experiments confirmed enhanced matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in collagen degradation. In vivo, botulinum toxin type A treatment reduced capsule thickness and Smad2 phosphorylation in silicone-induced capsules. CONCLUSION This study suggests that botulinum toxin type A plays an important role in the inhibition of capsule formation through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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Liang D, An G, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Yang G, Li X, Niu P, Chen L, Tian L. The protective effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 against epithelial injury and matrix metalloproteases upregulation induced by silica in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:892-900. [PMID: 28838258 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116674527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigate the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on models with silica-induced and macrophage-mediated fibrosis and its possible mechanisms in vitro. METHODS Rat alveolar II epithelial (RLE-6TN) cells were incubated with the supernatant of mouse macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7) and treated with 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL silica. Using Western blotting, the epithelial markers (surfactant proteins-C and E-cadherin) and the mesenchymal markers (fibronectin (FN) and viminten (Vim)) were detected. After neutralizing the BMP-7, the progress of fibrosis was assessed by the content of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and collagen I, III protein levels as well as the Smad signaling pathway proteins, including phosphorylated Smad1/5(P-Smad1/5) and phosphorylated Smad2/3(P-Smad2/3). Collagen I was also identified by immunofluorescence and pretreated with SB-431542, LDN-193189, or anti-BMP-7-neutralizing antibody. In addition, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS The model of RLE-6TN cells was established successfully, the expressions of Vim, FN, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were upregulated, while the concentration of silica is increased. Neutralizing BMP-7 stimulated the decrease of P-Smad1/5 and the increase of P-Smad2/3, as well as the collagen I, collagen III, FN, and Hyp via Smad signaling pathway. Furthermore, pretreated with LDN-193189 or anti-BMP-7-neutralizing antibody, the expression of collagen I was increased, yet it was decreased with SB-431542 intervention. CONCLUSION The activated BMP/Smad and suppressed transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathways could suppress silica-induced fibrosis via a MMP-dependent mechanism. BMP-7 is expected to be the optimized strategy of delaying the interstitial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liang
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - G An
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Zhu
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - G Yang
- 3 Oncology Minimally Invasive Interventional Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - X Li
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - P Niu
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Chen
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Tian
- 1 School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yang HW, Liu GH, Liu YQ, Zhao HC, Yang Z, Zhao CL, Zhang XF, Ye H. Over-expression of microRNA-940 promotes cell proliferation by targeting GSK3β and sFRP1 in human pancreatic carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:593-601. [PMID: 27459115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing study reports that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an essential role in numerous cancers growth, progression and metastasis. Aberrant miR-940 expression has been studied in gastric and breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of miR-940 enhancing proliferation and metastatic ability in human pancreatic carcinoma is far from to know. Real-time PCR was used to quantify miR-940 expression. Luciferase reporter assays here were performed to verify the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and targeting gene relationships, and immunofluorescence assay was applied to observe β-catenin expressed intensity. Bioinformatics analysis together with in vivo and vitro functional analysis indicated the potential targeting genes of miR-940. Specimens from 15 pairs of patients with human pancreatic carcinoma were involoved to confirm the relationship between miR-940 expression and the GSK3β/sFRP1 through real-time PCR and western blot assays. Bioinformatics combined with cell luciferase function researches determined the possible regulation of miR-940 on the 3'-UTR of the GSK3β and sFRP1 genes, resulting in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. Further, miR-940 knockdown significantly recovered GSK3β and sFRP1 expression and relieved Wnt/β-catenin-mediated cell invasion, migration, metastasis and proliferation. The ectopic up-regulation of miR-940 significantly suppressed GSK3β/sFRP1 expression and promoted pancreatic carcinoma proliferation and invasion. Our study suggested mechanistic relationship between miR-940 and Wnt/β-catenin in the development and progression of pancreatic carcinoma through regulation of GSK3β and sFRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Yu-Qiong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Hong-Chao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Xie-Fu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Hua Ye
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
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Abstract
Silicosis is the most common pneumoconiosis globally, with higher prevalence and incidence in developing countries. To date, there is no effective treatment to halt or reverse the disease progression caused by silica-induced lung injury. Significant advances have to be made in order to reduce morbidity and mortality related to silicosis. In this review, we have highlighted the main mechanisms of action that cause lung damage by silica particles and summarized the data concerning the therapeutic promise of cell-based therapy for silicosis.
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You XY, Xue Q, Fang Y, Liu Q, Zhang CF, Zhao C, Zhang M, Xu XH. Preventive effects of Ecliptae Herba extract and its component, ecliptasaponin A, on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:172-180. [PMID: 26385580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ecliptae Herba, a nourishing traditional Chinese medicine, is also a folk medicine for the treatment of lung diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-fibrosis effects and the underlying mechanism of the extract of Ecliptae Herba and its potential active components. MATERIALS AND METHODS The resulting extract (EXT) was prepared from the 80% ethanol extract of Ecliptae Herba. After intratracheally administrated with bleomycin (BLM, 5mg/kg), mice were orally treated with EXT at 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 g/kg and eclipta saponin A (ESA) at 80 mg/kg once daily for 28 day. The bodyweight, survival rate, pathological changes of lung and levels of hydroxyproline (HYP) were used to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effects. The malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxidae dismutase (SOD) activity, and the protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in lung tissue were analyzed by kits or western blot. RESULTS Compared with BLM group, EXT administration could significantly ameliorated the pathological changes of lung, decreased the HYP content, enhanced the SOD activity, and reduced the MDA content of lung tissues. In mechanism, EXT significantly alleviated the levels of COX-2, TGF-β1, MMP-2 and α-SMA, as well as elevated the ratio value of MMP-9/TIMP-1. Additionally, the anti-fibrosis effects of ESA, a large amount of saponins isolated from Eclipta prostrata , was also evaluated by the BLM-induced model. The results showed that ESA could block BLM-induced histological changes of lung tissue and decrease the high levels of TGF-β1 and α-SMA. CONCLUSIONS Ecliptae Herba has protective effects against the pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM via reducing the oxidative stress, lung tissue inflammation, and the subsequent epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The active chemical constituents may be involved with triterpenoid saponins, such as ESA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi You
- Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Qian Xue
- Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yue Fang
- Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Qianyu Liu
- Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Chao Feng Zhang
- Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Ceng Zhao
- Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Mian Zhang
- Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xiang-Hong Xu
- Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
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Blocking the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by Lentivirus-Mediated Short Hairpin RNA Targeting β-Catenin Gene Suppresses Silica-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:10739-54. [PMID: 26340635 PMCID: PMC4586640 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120910739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is a form of occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust. While the pathogenesis of silicosis is not clearly understood, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is thought to play a major role in lung fibrosis. To explore the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in silicosis, we blocked Wnt/β-catenin pathway both in silica-treated MLE-12 cells (a mouse pulmonary epithelial cell line) and in a mouse silicosis model by using a lentiviral vector expressing a short hairpin RNA silencing β-catenin (Lv-shβ-catenin). In vitro, Lv-shβ-catenin significantly decreased the expression of β-catenin, MMP2 and MMP9, and secretion of TGF-β1. In vivo, intratracheal treatment with Lv-shβ-catenin significantly reduced expression of β-catenin in the lung and levels of TGF-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and notably attenuated pulmonary fibrosis as evidenced by hydroxyproline content and collagen I\III synthesis in silica-administered mice. These results indicate that blockade of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway can prevent the development of silica-induced lung fibrosis. Thus Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be a target in prevention and treatment of silicosis.
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Abstract
Without doubt, animal models have provided significant insights into our understanding of the rheumatological diseases; however, no model has accurately replicated all aspects of any autoimmune disease. Recent years have seen a plethora of knockouts and transgenics that have contributed to our knowledge of the initiating events of systemic sclerosis, an autoimmune disease. In this review, the focus is on models of systemic sclerosis and how they have progressed our understanding of fibrosis and vasculopathy, and whether they are relevant to the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Artlett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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