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Cao W, Lu J, Li L, Qiu C, Qin X, Wang T, Li S, Zhang J, Xu J. Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ameliorates Acute Rejection of Rat Liver Transplantation by Regulating Treg Proliferation and PD-1 Expression. Transplantation 2022; 106:2172-2181. [PMID: 35706097 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays important roles in modulating immune responses. However, the role of AhR in rat liver transplantation (LT) has not been explored. METHODS Safety and side effects of N -(3,4-dimethoxycinnamonyl) anthranilic acid (3,4-DAA) and 2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid amide (CH223191) were evaluated. We used optimal doses of 2 drugs, 3,4-DAA, a drug used for mediating AhR activation, and CH223191, antagonist of AhR (3,4-DAA, CH223191, and 3,4-DAA + CH223191), intraperitoneally administered to recipients daily to investigate the role of AhR in the rat LT model. The recipient livers were used to observe the pathological changes, the cells infiltrating the graft, and changes of AhR and programmed death-1 (PD-1) by Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence assays. The contents of Foxp3 + and PD-1 + T cells in the recipient spleen and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. In vitro, after isolating CD4 + T cells, they were treated with different AhR ligands to observe the differentiation direction and PD-1 expression level. RESULTS The activation of AhR by 3,4-DAA prolonged survival time and ameliorated graft rejection, which were associated with increased expression of AhR and PD-1 in the livers and increased Foxp3 + T cells and PD-1 + T cells in recipient spleens, livers, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In vitro, primary T cells incubated with 3,4-DAA mediated increased proportion of Treg and PD-1 + T cells. However, the suppression of AhR with CH223191 reverses these effects, both in the LT model and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that AhR activation might reduce the occurrence of rat acute rejection by increasing the proportion of Treg and the expression of PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanbao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junming Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Schmid PM, Bouazzaoui A, Schmid K, Birner C, Schach C, Maier LS, Holler E, Endemann DH. Acute Renal Graft-Versus-Host Disease in a Murine Model of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1428-1440. [PMID: 28901194 PMCID: PMC5680976 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717720295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a very common complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and is associated with a poor prognosis. Generally, the kidneys are assumed to not be no direct targets of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), and renal impairment is often attributed to several other factors occurring in the early phase after BMT. Our study aimed to prove the existence of renal GvHD in a fully major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched model of BALB/c mice conditioned and transplanted according to 2 different intensity protocols. Syngeneically transplanted and untreated animals served as controls. Four weeks after transplantation, allogeneic animals developed acute GvHD that was more pronounced in the high-intensity protocol (HIP) group than in the low-intensity protocol (LIP) group. Urea and creatinine as classic serum markers of renal function could not verify renal impairment 4 weeks after BMT. Creatinine levels were even reduced as a result of catabolic metabolism and loss of muscle mass due to acute GvHD. Proteinuria, albuminuria, and urinary N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels were measured as additional renal markers before and after transplantation. Albuminuria and NAG were only significantly increased after allogeneic transplantation, correlating with disease severity between HIP and LIP animals. Histological investigations of the kidneys showed renal infiltration of T cells and macrophages with endarteriitis, interstitial nephritis, tubulitis, and glomerulitis. T cells consisted of CD4+, CD8+, and FoxP3+ cells. Renal expression analysis of allogeneic animals showed increases in indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), different cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interferon-γ, interleukin 1 α [IL-1α], IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10), and adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), resembling findings from other tissues in acute GvHD. In summary, our study supports the entity of renal GvHD with histological features suggestive of cell-mediated renal injury. Albuminuria and urinary NAG levels may serve as early markers of renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Schmid
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine 3-Hematology/Oncology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany.,3 Science and Technology Unit, Umm AlQura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,4 Department of Medical Genetics, Umm AlQura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karin Schmid
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine 3-Hematology/Oncology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Birner
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schach
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine 3-Hematology/Oncology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dierk H Endemann
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
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Schmid PM, Bouazzaoui A, Schmid K, Birner CM, Schach C, Maier LS, Holler E, Endemann DH. Vascular Alterations in a Murine Model of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Are Associated with Decreased Serum Levels of Adiponectin and an Increased Activity and Vascular Expression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:2051-2062. [PMID: 27196361 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the limiting complication after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and its pathophysiology seems to be highly influenced by vascular factors. Our study aimed at elucidating possible mechanisms involved in vascular GVHD. For this purpose, we used a fully MHC-mismatched model of BALB/c mice conditioned according to two different intensity protocols with total body irradiation and transplantation of allogeneic (C57BL/6) or syngeneic bone marrow cells and splenocytes. Mesenteric resistance arteries were studied in a pressurized myograph. We also quantified the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), as well as several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. We measured the serum levels of tryptophan (trp) and kynurenine (kyn), the kyn/trp ratio (KTR) as a marker of IDO activity, and adiponectin (APN). The myographic study showed a correlation of GVHD severity after allogeneic BMT with functional vessel alterations that started with increased vessel stress and ended in eccentric vessel remodeling, increased vessel strain, and endothelial dysfunction. These alterations were accompanied by increasing IDO activity and decreasing APN levels in the serum of allogeneic animals. The mRNA expression showed significantly elevated IDO, decreased eNOS, and elevation of most studied pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our study provides further data supporting the importance of vessel alterations in GVHD and is the first to show an association of vascular GVHD with hypoadiponectinemia and an increased activity and vascular expression of IDO. Whether there is also a causative involvement of these two factors in the development of GVHD needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karin Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph M Birner
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schach
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dierk H Endemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Baumgartner R, Forteza MJ, Ketelhuth DFJ. The interplay between cytokines and the Kynurenine pathway in inflammation and atherosclerosis. Cytokine 2017; 122:154148. [PMID: 28899580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the major metabolic route of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), the enzyme responsible for the first and rate-limiting step in the pathway, as well as other enzymes in the pathway, have been shown to be highly regulated by cytokines. Hence, the KP has been implicated in several pathologic conditions, including infectious diseases, psychiatric disorders, malignancies, and autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Additionally, recent studies have linked the KP with atherosclerosis, suggesting that Trp metabolism could play an essential role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis in the vascular wall. This review summarizes experimental and clinical evidence of the interplay between cytokines and the KP and the potential role of the KP in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Baumgartner
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria J Forteza
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhang XH, Zhou Y, Zhang JM, Zhou SY, Wang M, Feng R, Feng FE, Wang QM, Zhu XL, Zhao XS, Lv M, Kong Y, Chang YJ, Huang XJ. IL-35 inhibits acute graft-versus-host disease in a mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:383-392. [PMID: 26507167 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Our previous study found that the novel anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-35 could suppress aGVHD in patients after allo-HSCT. In this study, we used C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) mice as donors and (B6×DBA/2) F1 (BDF1, H-2b×d) mice as recipients to create a model of aGVHD and explore the relationship between IL-35 and aGVHD. The mice receiving IL-35 survived longer than did the control mice. We observed that treatment with IL-35 and RAPA could reduce the incidence of aGVHD. Additionally, this treatment inhibited intestinal and thymic epithelial cell apoptosis and liver infiltration by the donor T-cells, thereby ameliorating the enteropathy and liver injury caused by aGVHD. We found that IL-35 and RAPA also markedly suppressed TNF-α and IL-17A expression and enhanced IFN-γ expression in the intestine and liver. We measured Tregs in spleen and found that IL-35 and RAPA treatment expanded the number of Tregs in spleen. We found that the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT4 were inhibited in mice with aGVHD. In contrast, STAT1 and STAT4 were phosphorylated when the mice were treated with IL-35. IL-35 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of aGVHD after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Zhou
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, China
| | - Min Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Feng
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fer-Er Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Ming Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Su Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Kong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, China
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Yong-Gang X, Ming-Zhe W, Jin-Yan Z, Zhi-Hai P, Jun-Ming X. Combination of N-(3׳,4׳-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid with cyclosporin A treatment preserves immunosuppressive effect and reduces the side effect of cyclosporin A in rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 728:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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