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Yoon TH, Choi JH, Lim JR, Chang HH, Chun YM. Heated Tobacco Products Have Detrimental Effects on Rotator Cuff Healing, Similar to Conventional Cigarettes. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024; 106:869-878. [PMID: 38507504 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking impairs rotator cuff healing, but no study, to our knowledge, has focused on the association between heated tobacco products and rotator cuff tears. METHODS This study retrospectively investigated 1,133 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of symptomatic rotator cuff tears between March 2011 and April 2021. Patients were grouped on the basis of their smoking patterns as nonsmokers, cigarette smokers, and heated tobacco smokers. Propensity score matching was used to reduce selection bias, and 45 subjects were selected from each group via 1:1:1 matching. Functional scores and active range of motion were compared among the 3 groups preoperatively and at a 2-year follow-up. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was performed 6 months after the surgical procedure to assess structural integrity. RESULTS Except for sex, similar baseline characteristics were achieved after propensity score matching. There were no differences in the clinical scores or range of motion between the matched groups either preoperatively or at the 2-year follow-up. However, the retear rate for the matched nonsmoker group was significantly lower (8.9%) than those for the matched cigarette smoker group (31.1%) and the heated tobacco smoker group (28.9%) (p = 0.022). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the retear rates were 3.403 times higher for the cigarette smoker group and 3.397 times higher for the heated tobacco smoker group than that for the nonsmoker group. CONCLUSIONS Heated tobacco users, like conventional cigarette smokers, have worse clinical outcomes with respect to rotator cuff healing than nonsmokers. Regardless of the type of cigarette, abstinence from smoking is necessary for patients undergoing rotator cuff repair surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwan Yoon
- Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Fomina DS, Mukhina OA, Mikhailova VI, Lebedkina MS, Sedova EL, Bobrikova EN, Elisyutina OG, Fedenko ES, Nurpeisov TT, Karaulov AV, Lysenko MA, Ensina LFC. Treatment of atopic dermatitis with upadacitinib: adcare single center experience. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1385720. [PMID: 38695023 PMCID: PMC11061355 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1385720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of upadacitinib in the management of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis seems promising, but more data on its efficacy and safety are needed. This study endeavors to assess the practical impact and safety of upadacitinib in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, focusing on analyzing patient responses to the treatment. Methods In this study, adult patients diagnosed with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis received upadacitinib at daily doses of 15 mg or 30 mg, as prescribed by their attending physicians. The therapeutic efficacy of upadacitinib was meticulously assessed using established clinical metrics. Simultaneously, a comprehensive safety assessment was conducted through monthly monitoring, including the evaluation of potential effects of upadacitinib intake on hepatic function, lipid profile, and hematopoiesis using the pertinent laboratory tests. Results Sixteen participants were enrolled in the study. At 1month follow-up, there was a significant reduction in the mean Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score to 18.8 points, which further increased to 24 points at the 4-month mark. Additionally, 9 participants (56%) demonstrated an EASI-50 response after 1 month of treatment, with this response increasing to 9 participants (90%) after 4 months. Furthermore, enhanced therapeutic responses were observed at 4 months, with 6 patients (38%) achieving an EASI-75 response at 1month and 8 patients (80%) achieving this milestone at the 4-month follow-up. This study highlights the potential of upadacitinib as an effective treatment option for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. While it demonstrates improved symptom management, close monitoring for potential adverse events, particularly infections and the known risks of Janus kinase inhibitors, is essential. Further research is essential to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of upadacitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S. Fomina
- City Clinical Hospital No. 52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Mukhina
- City Clinical Hospital No. 52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria I. Mikhailova
- City Clinical Hospital No. 52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S. Lebedkina
- City Clinical Hospital No. 52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta L. Sedova
- City Clinical Hospital No. 52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N. Bobrikova
- City Clinical Hospital No. 52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga G. Elisyutina
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tair T. Nurpeisov
- Department of General Immunology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University (KazNMU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Republican Allergy Center, Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander V. Karaulov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mar’yana A. Lysenko
- City Clinical Hospital No. 52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Luis Felipe C. Ensina
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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da Silva ACR, Vasques AMV, Bueno CRE, Ervolino E, Cintra LTÂ, Biguetti CC, Matsumoto MA, Dezan-Junior E. Effects of cigarette smoke inhalation on the immune-inflammatory profile of experimental apical periodontitis in rats. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1559-1570. [PMID: 37787896 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation on the immune-inflammatory profile of experimental apical periodontitis in rats. METHODOLOGY In total, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): AP-induced apical periodontitis; S-cigarette smoke inhalation; APS-induced AP and cigarette smoke inhalation; and C (control)-neither AP nor cigarette smoke inhalation. To induce cigarette smoke inhalation, the animals were kept in a chamber filled with tobacco smoke for 8 min thrice a day for 50 days. AP was induced 20 days after inhalation initiation by exposing their coronary pulp to their oral environment for 30 days. After animals were euthanized, their right hemimaxillae were removed for histopathological, semi-quantitative and immunohistochemical (F4/80, CD206 and iNOS) analyses. RESULTS Quantitative data showed a moderate number of inflammatory infiltrates in AP and an intense number in APS (p < .05). Comparing F4/80+ cells showed no statistically significant differences among groups, but we found more CD206+ cells in AP than in C and S (p > .05). INOS+ immunostaining showed a significant increase in AP and APS, when compared with C and S (p < .05). APS had more iNOS+ cells than AP (p < .05). CONCLUSION Cigarette smoke inhalation worsened AP, leading to a predominantly pro- inflammatory profile in our experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Veiga Vasques
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Emerenciano Bueno
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Ângelo Cintra
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Regenerative Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Biomechanics, School of Podiatric Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, USA
| | - Mariza Akemi Matsumoto
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloi Dezan-Junior
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Choi JH, Chun YM, Yoon TH. Effect of cigarette smoking on the maintenance of reduction after treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation with hook plate fixation. Clin Shoulder Elb 2023; 26:373-379. [PMID: 37957882 DOI: 10.5397/cise.2023.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the association between smoking and clinical outcomes of hook plate fixation for acute acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries. METHODS This study retrospectively investigated 82 patients who underwent hook plate fixation for acute AC joint dislocation between March 2014 to June 2022. The patients were grouped by smoking status, with 49 in group N (nonsmokers) and 33 in group S (smokers). Functional scores and active range of motion were compared among the groups at the 1-year follow-up. Coracoclavicular distance (CCD) was measured, and difference with the uninjured side was compared at initial injury and 6 months after implant removal. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between the two groups in demographic factors such as age and sex, as well as parameters related to initial injury status, which included time from injury to surgery, the preoperative CCD difference value, and the Rockwood classification. However, the postoperative CCD difference was significantly higher in group S (3.1±2.6 mm) compared to group N (1.7±2.4 mm). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that smoking and the preoperative CCD difference independently contributed to an increase in the postoperative CCD difference. Despite the radiographic differences, the postoperative clinical outcome scores and active range of motion measurements were comparable between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Smoking had a detrimental impact on ligament healing after hook plate fixation for acute AC joint dislocations. This finding emphasizes the importance of smoking cessation to optimize reduction maintenance after AC joint injury. Level of evidence: III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hoon Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Chun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Arthroscopy and Joint Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Fan N, Yuan S, Du P, Wu Q, Li J, Kong X, Zhu W, Hong G, Zang L. The effects of smoking on clinical and structural outcomes after rotator cuff repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022; 31:656-667. [PMID: 34813890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several factors have been reported to adversely affect clinical and structural outcomes after rotator cuff repair (RCR). However, the effects of smoking on rotator cuff healing and clinical outcomes remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and structural outcomes after RCR between smokers and nonsmokers. We hypothesized that there would be no significant difference in the clinical scores after RCR and that smoking would be associated with a significantly increased risk of retear and reoperation. METHODS This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. We included only articles in which patients underwent arthroscopic and open RCR, the clinical outcome scores were reported for smokers and nonsmokers, and the number of rotator cuff retears and reoperations were reported. Data relevant to this study were extracted and statistically analyzed. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias in each study and calculated the I2 value to quantify the effect of heterogeneity. RESULTS Fourteen eligible articles were identified, with 73,817 participants (8553 smokers and 65,264 nonsmokers). The meta-analysis demonstrated that there were no significant differences in the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (P = .10), Simple Shoulder Test score (P = .19), University of California-Los Angeles score (P = .09), or visual analog scale score (P = .19) between smokers and nonsmokers after surgery, but the Constant score was significantly lower (P = .005) for smokers. Smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of retear (P = .002; risk ratio, 2.06 [95% confidence interval, 1.30-3.28]; I2 = 31%) and reoperation (P < .001; risk ratio, 1.29 [95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.40]; I2 = 36%) in patients after RCR. CONCLUSION Besides the Constant score, which was lower in smokers, there were no significant differences in the clinical scores after RCR between smokers and nonsmokers. However, smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of retear and reoperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qichao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Zhang W, Lin H, Zou M, Yuan Q, Huang Z, Pan X, Zhang W. Nicotine in Inflammatory Diseases: Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Inflammatory Effects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826889. [PMID: 35251010 PMCID: PMC8895249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an anti-inflammatory alkaloid, nicotine plays dual roles in treating diseases. Here we reviewed the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine on inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, sepsis, endotoxemia, myocarditis, oral/skin/muscle inflammation, etc., mainly concerning the administration methods, different models, therapeutic concentration and duration, and relevant organs and tissues. According to the data analysis from recent studies in the past 20 years, nicotine exerts much more anti-inflammatory effects than pro-inflammatory ones, especially in ulcerative colitis, arthritis, sepsis, and endotoxemia. On the other hand, in oral inflammation, nicotine promotes and aggravates some diseases such as periodontitis and gingivitis, especially when there are harmful microorganisms in the oral cavity. We also carefully analyzed the nicotine dosage to determine its safe and effective range. Furthermore, we summarized the molecular mechanism of nicotine in these inflammatory diseases through regulating immune cells, immune factors, and the vagus and acetylcholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways. By balancing the “beneficial” and “harmful” effects of nicotine, it is meaningful to explore the effective medical value of nicotine and open up new horizons for remedying acute and chronic inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingmin Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoying Pan, ; Wenjuan Zhang,
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoying Pan, ; Wenjuan Zhang,
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Youssef ME, El-Mas MM, Abdelrazek HM, El-Azab MF. α7-nAChRs-mediated therapeutic angiogenesis accounts for the advantageous effect of low nicotine doses against myocardial infarction in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173996. [PMID: 33684450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis accelerates tissue regeneration in a variety of ischemic conditions including myocardial infarction (MI). Here we tested the hypothesis that angiogenesis induced by α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) mitigates histopathological, electrocardiographic, and molecular consequences of MI in rats. These profiles were evaluated in the isoprenaline (85 mg/kg/day i. p. For 2 days) MI rat model treated with or without nicotine or PHA-543613 (PHA, selective α7-nAChR agonist). Isoprenaline-insulted rats showed (i) ECG signs of MI such as significant ST-segment elevations and prolonged QT-intervals, (ii) deteriorated left ventricular histopathological scoring and elevated inflammatory cell infiltration, (iii) reduced immunohistochemical expression of cardiac CD34, a surrogate marker of capillary density, (iv) decreased cardiac expression of iNOS and α7-nAChRs, and (v) adaptive increases in cardiac HO-1 expression and plasma angiogenic markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO). These effects of isoprenaline, except cardiac iNOS and α7-nAChRs downregulation, were ameliorated in rats treated with a low dose (20 μg/kg/day s. c. For 16 days) of nicotine or PHA. We also show that concurrent α7-nAChR blockade by methyllycaconitine (MLA, 40 μg/kg/day, for 16 days) reversed the ECG, histopathological, and capillary density effects of nicotine, thereby reinforcing the advantageous cardioprotective and anti-ischemic roles of α7-nAChRs in this setting. The observed results showed promising effects on isoprenaline induced myocardial damage. In conclusion, the activation of α7-nAChRs by doses of nicotine or PHA in the microgram scale promotes neovascularization and offers a promising therapeutic strategy for MI. CATEGORY: Cardiovascular Pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Heba M Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mona F El-Azab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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Fu X, Zong T, Yang P, Li L, Wang S, Wang Z, Li M, Li X, Zou Y, Zhang Y, Htet Aung LH, Yang Y, Yu T. Nicotine: Regulatory roles and mechanisms in atherosclerosis progression. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112154. [PMID: 33774093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. The smoke produced by tobacco burning contains more than 7000 chemicals, among which nicotine is closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Nicotine, a selective cholinergic agonist, accelerates the formation of atherosclerosis by stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) located in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. This review introduces the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms involving nicotine and its receptors. Herein, we focus on the various roles of nicotine in atherosclerosis, such as upregulation of growth factors, inflammation, and the dysfunction of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) as well as macrophages. In addition, nicotine can stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species, cause abnormal lipid metabolism, and activate immune cells leading to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Exosomes, are currently a research hotspot, due to their important connections with macrophages and the VSMC, and may represent a novel application into future preventive treatment to promote the prevention of smoking-related atherosclerosis. In this review, we will elaborate on the regulatory mechanism of nicotine on atherosclerosis, as well as the effects of interference with nicotine receptors and the use of exosomes to prevent atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Zong
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Panyu Yang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 66000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Zou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China.
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Prantl L, Moellhoff N, Fritschen UV, Germann G, Giunta RE, Zeman F, Kehrer A, Lonic D, Broer PN, Ehrl D, Heidekrueger PI. Impact of Smoking Status in Free Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Multicenter Study. J Reconstr Microsurg 2020; 36:694-702. [PMID: 32726819 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several patient-related factors have been identified with regard to the safety and efficacy of breast reconstructions. Using the largest database available in Europe, the presented study investigated the impact of cigarette smoking on deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) free-flap breast reconstructions. METHODS In total, 3,926 female patients underwent 4,577 free DIEP-flap breast reconstructions after malignancies in 22 different German breast cancer centers. The cases were divided into two groups: nonsmokers (NS) and smokers (S). Impact of smoking on surgical complications, controlled for covariates, and cluster effects within the cancer centers were analyzed by using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS Overall, there was no significant difference between the groups of patients regarding the rate of total flap loss. However, the rate of partial flap loss (0.9 vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001) and wound-healing disturbances requiring revision surgery (donor site: 1.5 vs. 4.0; recipient site: 1.3 vs. 3.6%, both p < 0.001) was significantly higher in smokers. Multivariable analysis identified smoking to be an independent risk factor for revision surgery (p = 0.001) and partial flap loss (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that successful free tissue transfer can be achieved in smokers despite higher rates of partial flap losses and wound-healing disturbances. However, patients with a history of smoking requiring DIEP flap reconstruction should be critically evaluated preoperatively, informed in detail about the higher risk of complications and encouraged to quit smoking prior to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Prantl
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas Moellhoff
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe V Fritschen
- Department of Plastic and Esthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Helios Hospital Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guenter Germann
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Esthetic and Handsurgery, ETHIANUM Klinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo E Giunta
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Zeman
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kehrer
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Lonic
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Niclas Broer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, Bogenhausen Academic Teaching Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis Ehrl
- Division of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Paul I Heidekrueger
- Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Pavlou P, Antoniadou I, Peraki A, Vitsos A, Dallas P, Mostratos D, Deliconstantinos G, Papaioannou G, Grando SA, Rallis M. Protective Effects of Pinus halepensis Bark Extract and Nicotine on Cigarette Smoke-induced Oxidative Stress in Keratinocytes. In Vivo 2020; 34:1835-1843. [PMID: 32606153 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major environmental health threat. The oxidative stress induced by CS on keratinocytes and the possible protective effect of nicotine, its receptor inhibitors, and Pinus halepensis bark extract in relation to known antioxidants were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary mouse keratinocytes were exposed to cigarette smoke in the presence and absence of Pinus halepensis bark extract (1 μg/ml), rutin (50 μM) and ascorbic acid (250 μM), nicotine (1 μM) with or without mecamylamine (5 μM) and α-bungarotoxin (0.1 μM). Keratinocyte viability and oxidative stress were evaluated by MTT and fluorescence assays. RESULTS Pinus halepensis bark extract decreased the oxidative stress and increased the viability of keratinocytes, and moreover, these effects were more pronounced compared to the mixture of rutin and L-ascorbic acid. Nicotine significantly enhanced the viability potentiation of the beneficial effect induced by Pinus halepensis bark extract. Mecamylamine and α-bungarotoxin showed no specific effect. CONCLUSION Pinus halepensis bark extract in combination with nicotine may successfully reverse skin damage induced by cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagoula Pavlou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Antoniadou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Asimina Peraki
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Vitsos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevas Dallas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Mostratos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Deliconstantinos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Department of Experimental Physiology, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Papaioannou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Sergei A Grando
- University of California, Health Gottschalk Medical Plaza, Institute for Immunology, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michail Rallis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
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11
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Bozkurt SB, Hakki SS. Nicotine suppresses proliferation and mineralized tissue‐associated gene expressions of cementoblasts. J Periodontol 2019; 91:800-808. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sema Sezgin Hakki
- Research Center of Dental FacultySelcuk University Konya Turkey
- Faculty of DentistryDepartment of PeriodontologySelcuk University Konya Turkey
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12
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Zhong Z, Huang H, Han Y, Dong W. Efficacy of continuous intravenous pumping of insulin for patients with diabetes complicated with perianal abscess and the effect on inflammatory cytokines. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1539-1544. [PMID: 31410107 PMCID: PMC6676185 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of insulin with different administrations for patients with diabetes complicated with perianal abscess and the effect on serum inflammatory cytokines were investigated. One hundred and sixty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent radical operation of perianal abscess in Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2014 to December 2016 were analyzed. Before and after the operation, 89 patients who received continuous intravenous pumping of insulin for blood glucose control were set as an observation group, and 78 patients who received intermittent subcutaneous injection of insulin as a control group. The operative efficacy, wound healing time and 1-week postoperative growth of the granulation tissue were scored and compared. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG) before and after treatment were recorded and compared. Fasting venous blood was extracted before and on the 3rd and 7th days after operation to detect and compare serum inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Patients in the observation group had significantly higher total effective rate of the operation than that in the control group (P<0.05), and significantly shorter wound healing time and significantly lower growth score of the granulation tissue (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups in FBG and 2hPBG (P>0.05). After treatment, FBG and 2hPBG were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.050), and FBG and 2hPBG after treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, insulin pumps for injection during the perioperative period of patients with diabetes complicated with perianal abscess can better control the patients' blood glucose, improve the operative efficacy and promote the patients' postoperative healing. Moreover, continuous intravenous pumping of insulin is significantly better than traditional intermittent subcutaneous injection of it in controlling inflammation, so it is worthy of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Huaying Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Yuejun Han
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Wuzhen Dong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
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13
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Zhang Y, He J, He B, Huang R, Li M. Effect of tobacco on periodontal disease and oral cancer. Tob Induc Dis 2019; 17:40. [PMID: 31516483 PMCID: PMC6662776 DOI: 10.18332/tid/106187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal disease and oral cancer are common health hazards. Epidemiological investigations show that smoking, periodontal disease and oral cancer are closely related. Tobacco is one of the major risk factors for periodontitis and oral cancer. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed. To identify relevant studies, the following online databases were searched using specific keywords: PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI. RESULTS Tobacco not only possesses an addictive effect, but it aggravates periodontal disease by promoting the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, inhibiting autoimmune defense, aggravating the inflammatory reaction, and aggravating the loss of alveolar bone. According to current evidence, tobacco significantly aggravates the development and progression of periodontal disease and oral cancer, and periodontal disease may be related to the prevalence of oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should strongly recommend that smokers undertake a strategy to stop smoking to avoid the exacerbation of nicotine-related periodontal disease and to reduce the incidence of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxiu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing He
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Ruijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Cheema AN, Newton JB, Boorman-Padgett JF, Weiss SN, Nuss CA, Gittings DJ, Farber DC, Soslowsky LJ. Nicotine impairs intra-substance tendon healing after full thickness injury in a rat model. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:94-103. [PMID: 30345583 PMCID: PMC6411046 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is harmful to many bodily systems; however, the effects of nicotine on intra-substance tendon healing remain largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional, structural, and biomechanical effects of nicotine on the healing of Achilles tendons in rats after an acute full-thickness injury. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled in this study. Half were exposed to 0.9% saline and half to 61 ng/mL of nicotine for 3 months via subcutaneous osmotic pumps. At 3 months, all rats underwent blunt full thickness transection of the left Achilles tendon and were immobilized for one week in plantarflexion. In-vivo assays were conducted prior to injury, at 21 days, and at 42 days post-injury and included the following: Functional limb assessment, passive joint mechanics, and vascular evaluation. Rats were sacrificed at 21 and 42 days for biomechanical testing and histologic evaluation. Rats exposed to nicotine demonstrated decreased vascularity, greater alteration in gait mechanics, and increased passive ROM of the ankle joint. Biomechanically, the nicotine tendons failed at lower maximum loads, were less stiff, had smaller cross-sectional areas and had altered viscoelastic properties. Histologically, nicotine tendons demonstrated decreased vessel density at the injury site. This study demonstrates that nicotine leads to worse functional outcomes and biomechanical properties in tendons. The decreased vascularity in the nicotine group may suggest an underlying mechanism for inferior tendon healing. Patients should be counseled that using nicotine products increase their risk of poor tendon healing and may predispose them to tendon re-rupture. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Louis J. Soslowsky
- Corresponding Author: Louis J. Soslowsky, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, 110 Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, United States of America, Phone: 215-898- 8653, Fax: 215-573- 2133,
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15
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Dong MW, Li M, Chen J, Fu TT, Lin KZ, Ye GH, Han JG, Feng XP, Li XB, Yu LS, Fan YY. Activation of α7nAChR Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing by Suppressing AGE-Induced TNF-α Production. Inflammation 2017; 39:687-99. [PMID: 26650489 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes frequently presents accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which might induce excessive TNF-α production from macrophages to cause impaired wound healing. Recent studies have shown that activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on macrophages efficiently suppressed TNF-α synthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation of AGEs in the wounds and determine whether PNU282987, an α7nAChR agonist, can improve wound repair by inhibiting AGE-mediated TNF-α production in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. Animals were assigned into four groups: wounded control group, wounded diabetic group, wounded diabetic group treated intraperitoneally with PNU282987, or wounded diabetic group treated intraperitoneally with vehicle. Compared with the non-diabetic control mice, the diabetic mice exhibited delayed wound healing that was characterized by elevated accumulation of AGEs, increased TNF-α level and macrophage infiltration, and decreased fibroblast number and collagen deposition at the late stage of repair. Besides, macrophages of diabetic wounds showed expression of α7nAChR. During late repair, PNU282987 treatment of diabetic mice significantly reduced the level of TNF-α, accelerated wound healing, and elevated fibroblast number and collagen deposition. To investigate the cellular mechanism of these observations, RAW 264.7 cells, a macrophage cell line, were incubated with AGEs in the presence or absence of PNU282987. TNF-α production from AGE-stimulated macrophages was significantly decreased by PNU282987 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PNU282987 significantly inhibited AGE-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and receptor for AGE (RAGE) expression. These results strongly suggest that activating α7nAChR can promote diabetic wound healing by suppressing AGE-induced TNF-α production, which may be closely associated with the blockage of NF-κB activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Wu Dong
- Center of Basic Medical Experiment, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher Education District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher Education District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher Education District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Tong Fu
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher Education District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Zhi Lin
- Center of Basic Medical Experiment, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher Education District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hua Ye
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher Education District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ge Han
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher Education District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ping Feng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher Education District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Biao Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher Education District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Sheng Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher Education District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Fan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Higher Education District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Skinovsky J, Malafaia O, Chibata M, Tsumanuma F, Panegalli Filho F, Martins MVDDC. The influence of nicotine in healing of small bowel anastomoses in rats: angiogenesis and miofibroblasts. Rev Col Bras Cir 2016; 43:87-92. [DOI: 10.1590/0100-69912016002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to know the effect of nicotine on angiogenesis and myofibroblast formation in anastomoses of the small bowel of rats. Methods: we randomly divided 60 Wistar rats into the groups Nicotine (N) and control (C), according to the proposed treatment. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to the time interval used for the evaluation (7, 14 or 28 days). The N group with 30 animals received nicotine subcutaneously at a dose of 2mg/kg body weight, diluted in 0.3ml of 0.9% saline, twice daily for 28 days prior to the operation, and for more 7, 14 or 28 days, depending on the subgroup. The C group (also 30 animals) received only saline on the same conditions and time intervals. After 28 days we carried out an end-to-end anastomosis 10cm distal to the duodenojejunal flexure in each rat. After 7, 14 or 28 days after surgery, we euthanized ten animals of each group, sent specimens of the anastomosis areas, 1cm proximal to 1cm distal, to counting of blood vessels and myofibroblasts through immunohistochemical staining by the application of monoclonal anti-factor VIII antibodies and anti-smooth muscle alpha-actin. Results: the administration of nicotine led to the decrease in the number of blood vessels measured on the 28th postoperative day and the number of myofibroblasts measured on the seventh day following completion of the anastomoses. Conclusion: administration of nicotine was deleterious on angiogenesis and myofibroblast formation in rats' small intestine anastomoses.
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17
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Wahl EA, Schenck TL, Machens HG, Egaña JT. Acute stimulation of mesenchymal stem cells with cigarette smoke extract affects their migration, differentiation, and paracrine potential. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22957. [PMID: 26976359 PMCID: PMC4791635 DOI: 10.1038/srep22957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to play a key role in tissue regeneration, while smoking cigarettes is described to impair it. This work focuses on the effect cigarette smoke extract (CSE) has on the migration, differentiation, and paracrine potential of human adipose derived MSCs (AdMSCs). To mimic native conditions in vitro, AdMSCs were cultured in either monolayer or three-dimensional pellet cultures. While constant exposure to high concentrations of CSE had lethal effects on AdMSCs, lower concentrations of CSE impaired cell migration when compared to control conditions. The secretion of key interleukins was downregulated when CSE was exposed to the cells at low concentrations. Moreover, in this work AdMSCs were exposed to CSE while simultaneously being induced to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes to determine the effect of CSE on the cells potential to differentiate. While adipogenic differentiation showed no significant variation, AdMSCs exposed to osteogenic and chondrogenic supplements showed both early and late genetic level variation when acutely exposed to low concentrations of CSE. Our results indicate that even a small amount of cigarette smoke can have detrimental effects on the regenerative potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Wahl
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thilo L. Schenck
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - J. Tomás Egaña
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Biological Sciences and Medicine, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Bock K, Plaass C, Coger V, Peck CT, Reimers K, Stukenborg-Colsman C, Claassen L. What is the effect of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation on osteoarthritis in a rodent animal model? SAGE Open Med 2016; 4:2050312116637529. [PMID: 27026802 PMCID: PMC4790423 DOI: 10.1177/2050312116637529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the rising number of patients with osteoarthritis, no sufficient chondroprotective and prophylactic therapy for osteoarthritis has been established yet. The purpose of this study was to verify whether stimulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor via nicotine has a beneficial effect on cartilage degeneration in the development of osteoarthritis and is capable of reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cartilage degrading enzymes in synovial membranes after osteoarthritis induction. METHODS Experimental osteoarthritis was induced in Lewis rats using a standardized osteoarthritis model with monoiodoacetate. A total of 16 Lewis rats were randomized into four groups: control, sham + nicotine application, osteoarthritis, and osteoarthritis + nicotine application. Nicotine (0.625 mg/kg twice daily) was administered intraperitoneally for 42 days. We analyzed histological sections, radiological images and the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and of matrix metalloproteases 3, 9 and 13 and tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease-1 in synovial membranes via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Histological and x-ray examination revealed cartilage degeneration in the osteoarthritis group compared to control or sham + nicotine groups (histological control vs osteoarthritis: p = 0.002 and x-ray control vs osteoarthritis: p = 0.004). Nicotine treatment reduced the cartilage degeneration without significant differences. Osteoarthritis induction led to a higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteases as compared to control groups. This effect was attenuated after nicotine administration. The differences of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteases did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION With the present small-scale study, we could not prove a positive effect of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation on osteoarthritis due to a conservative statistical analysis and the consecutive lack of significant differences. Nevertheless, we found promising tendencies of relevant parameters that might prompt further experiments designed to evaluate the potency of stimulation of this receptor system as an additional treatment approach for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Bock
- Orthopedic Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Plaass
- Orthopedic Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vincent Coger
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claas-Tido Peck
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Reimers
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Leif Claassen
- Orthopedic Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Wei M, Chen X, Zhao Y, Cao B, Zhao W. Effects of Prenatal Environmental Exposures on the Development of Endometriosis in Female Offspring. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1129-38. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116630418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Academy of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Clinical Research, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Academy of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoli Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Academy of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Academy of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin, China
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20
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Schindler A, Denaro N, Russi EG, Pizzorni N, Bossi P, Merlotti A, Spadola Bissetti M, Numico G, Gava A, Orlandi E, Caspiani O, Buglione M, Alterio D, Bacigalupo A, De Sanctis V, Pavanato G, Ripamonti C, Merlano MC, Licitra L, Sanguineti G, Langendijk JA, Murphy B. Dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and systemic therapies: Literature review and consensus. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:372-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Exploration of the wound healing effect of topical administration of nicotine in combination with collagen scaffold in a rabbit model. J Artif Organs 2015; 19:167-74. [PMID: 26497310 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-015-0873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine has been reported to prolong the wound healing; however, we showed that the topical application of 10(-4) M nicotine promoted murine wound healing. The objective of this study was to explore the wound healing effects of nicotine in combination with collagen scaffold using skin defects in rabbit. Three full-thickness skin defects 8 mm in diameter were made on the rabbit auricle. Artificial dermis was applied to the defects, and 10 μl of nicotine solution (10(-5), 10(-4), and10(-3) M), bFGF solution (0.5 μg/10 μl), and both bFGF and 10(-4) M nicotine solutions were injected into the artificial dermis once daily for 7 days. Rabbits were sacrificed on day 10, 15, or 20, and the wound healing process was evaluated. bFGF was superior in the formation of the dermis-like tissue and capillaries. In nicotine groups, the epithelial length and the dermis-like tissue formations in the 10(-4) M group were superior, in contrast, those were inhibited in the 10(-3) M group. The synergistic effect of bFGF and 10(-4) M nicotine was not confirmed. This study suggests that the topical application of 10(-4) M nicotine promoted wound healing in rabbit, but the effect was not apparent compared with murine models.
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22
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Acute skin toxicity management in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy or EGFR inhibitors: Literature review and consensus. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:167-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Transdermal Nicotine Application Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction after Severe Thermal Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:292076. [PMID: 26290866 PMCID: PMC4531159 DOI: 10.1155/2015/292076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background. Severe burn trauma leads to an immediate and strong inflammatory response inciting cardiac dysfunction that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine whether transdermal application of nicotine could influence the burn-induced cardiac dysfunction via its known immunomodulatory effects. Material and Methods. A standardized rat burn model was used in 35 male Sprague Dawley rats. The experimental animals were divided into a control group, a burn trauma group, a burn trauma group with additional nicotine treatment, and a sham group with five experimental animals per group. The latter two groups received nicotine administration. Using microtip catheterization, functional parameters of the heart were assessed 12 or 24 hours after infliction of burn trauma. Results. Burn trauma led to significantly decreased blood pressure (BP) values whereas nicotine administration normalized BP. As expected, burn trauma also induced a significant deterioration of myocardial contractility and relaxation parameters. After application of nicotine these adverse effects were attenuated. Conclusion. The present study showed that transdermal nicotine administration has normalizing effects on burn-induced myocardial dysfunction parameters. Further research is warranted to gain insight in molecular mechanisms and pathways and to evaluate potential treatment options in humans.
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Selvarajah S, Ahmed AA, Schneider EB, Canner JK, Pawlik TM, Abularrage CJ, Hui X, Schwartz DA, Hisam B, Haider AH. Cholecystectomy and wound complications: smoking worsens risk. J Surg Res 2014; 192:41-9. [PMID: 25015752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, approximately 800,000 cholecystectomies are performed annually. We sought to determine the influence of preoperative smoking on postcholecystectomy wound complication rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2005-2011), patients aged ≥18 y who underwent elective open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for benign gallbladder disease were identified using current procedural terminology codes. Multivariate regression was performed to determine the association between smoking status and wound complications, by surgical approach. RESULTS Of 143,753 identified patients, 128,692 (89.5%) underwent LC, 27,788 (19.3%) were active smokers, and 100,710 (70.2%) were females. Active smokers were younger than nonsmokers (mean + standard deviation age: 44.2 (14.9) versus 51.6 (17.9) years); P < 0.001) and had fewer comorbidities. Within 30-d postcholecystectomy, wound complications were reported in 2011 (1.4%) patients. Compared with nonsmokers, active smokers demonstrated increased odds of wound complications after both open cholecystectomy (odds ratio 1.28; P = 0.010) and LC (odds ratio 1.20; P = 0.020) after adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics. Having wound complications increased the average postoperative length of stay by 2-4 d (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Active smokers are more likely to develop wound complications after cholecystectomy, regardless of surgical approach. Occurrence of wound complications consequently increases postoperative length of stay. Smoking abstinence before cholecystectomy may reduce the burden associated with wound complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Selvarajah
- Center for Surgical Trials and Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Ammar A Ahmed
- Center for Surgical Trials and Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric B Schneider
- Center for Surgical Trials and Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph K Canner
- Center for Surgical Trials and Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Center for Surgical Trials and Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher J Abularrage
- Center for Surgical Trials and Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xuan Hui
- Center for Surgical Trials and Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Diane A Schwartz
- Center for Surgical Trials and Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Butool Hisam
- Center for Surgical Trials and Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adil H Haider
- Center for Surgical Trials and Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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