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Zhong K, Huang Y, Chen R, Pan Q, Li J, Xi X. The protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 against sepsis-induced lung injury through PI3K-Akt pathway: insights from molecular dynamics simulation and experimental validation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16071. [PMID: 38992150 PMCID: PMC11239675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (SALI) poses a significant threat with high incidence and mortality rates. Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1), derived from Ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine, has been found to reduce inflammation and protect lung epithelial cells against tissue damage. However, the specific roles and mechanisms by which GRg1 mitigates SALI have yet to be fully elucidated. In this context, we employed a relevant SALI mouse model, alongside network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation to pinpoint GRg1's action targets, complemented by in vitro assays to explore the underlying mechanisms. Our research shows that GRg1 alleviates CLP-induced SALI, decreasing lung tissue damage and levels of serum proinflammatory factor IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, also enhancing the survival rate of CLP mice. A total of 116 common targets between GRg1 and ALI, with specific core targets including AKT1, VEGFA, SRC, IGF1, ESR1, STAT3, and ALB. Further in vitro experiments assessed GRg1's intervention effects on MLE-12 cells exposed to LPS, with qRT-PCR analysis and molecular dynamics simulations confirming AKT1 as the key target with the favorable binding activity for GRg1. Western blot results indicated that GRg1 increased the Bcl-2/Bax protein expression ratio to reduce apoptosis and decreased the high expression of cleaved caspase-3 in LPS-induced MLE-12 cells. More results showed significant increases in the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT1. Flow cytometric analysis using PI and Annexin-V assays further verified that GRg1 decreased the apoptosis rate in LPS-stimulated MLE-12 cells (from 14.85 to 6.54%, p < 0.05). The employment of the AKT1 inhibitor LY294002 confirmed these trends, indicating that AKT1's inhibition negates GRg1's protective effects on LPS-stimulated MLE-12 cells. In conclusion, our research highlights GRg1's potential as an effective adjunct therapy for SALI, primarily by inhibiting apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, thus significantly enhancing the survival rates of CLP mice. These beneficial effects are mediated through targeting AKT1 and activating the PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Zhong
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingui Huang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research On Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiusha Pan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaotu Xi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research On Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Li J, Qiu Z, Huang L, Yang S, Li J, Li K, Liang Y, Liu X, Chen Z, Li J, Zhou B. Insights into the mechanism of action of pterostilbene against influenza A virus-induced acute lung injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155534. [PMID: 38583346 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe respiratory system illness caused by influenza A virus infection is associated with excessive inflammation and abnormal apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). However, there are limited therapeutic options for influenza-associated lung inflammation and apoptosis. Pterostilbene (PTE, trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene) is a dimethylated analog of resveratrol that has been reported to limit influenza A virus infection by promoting antiviral innate immunity, but has not been studied for its protective effects on virus-associated inflammation and injury in AEC. PURPOSE Our study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of PTE in modulating inflammation and apoptosis in AEC, as well as its effects on macrophage polarization during influenza virus infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A murine model of influenza A virus-mediated acute lung injury was established by intranasal inoculation with 5LD50 of mouse-adapted H1N1 viruses. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, western blotting, Luminex and flow cytometry were performed. RESULTS PTE effectively mitigated lung histopathological changes and injury induced by H1N1 viruses in vivo. These beneficial effects of PTE were attributed to the suppression of inflammation and apoptosis in AEC, as well as the modulation of M1 macrophage polarization. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PTE activated the phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (P-AMPKα)/sirtui1 (Sirt1)/PPARγ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) signal axis, leading to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling induced by H1N1 viruses, thereby attenuating inflammation and apoptosis in AEC. PTE also forced activation of the P-AMPKα/Sirt1/PGC1α signal axis in RAW264.7 cells, counteracting the activation of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (P-STAT1) induced by H1N1 viruses and the augment of P-STAT1 activation in RAW264.7 cells with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) pretreatment before viral infection, thereby reducing H1N1 virus-mediated M1 macrophage polarization as well as the enhancement of macrophages into M1 phenotypes elicited by IFN-γ pretreatment. Additionally, the promotion of the transition of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype by PTE was also related to activation of the P-AMPKα/Sirt1/PGC1α signal axis. Moreover, co-culturing non-infected AEC with H1N1 virus-infected RAW264.7 cells in the presence of PTE inhibited apoptosis and tight junction disruption, which was attributed to the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators and pro-apoptotic factors in an AMPKα-dependent manner. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that PTE may serve as a promising novel therapeutic option for treating influenza-associated lung injury. Its ability to suppress inflammation and apoptosis in AEC, modulate macrophage polarization, and preserve alveolar epithelial cell integrity highlights its potential as a therapeutic agent in influenza diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Jiashun Li
- Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Huadu, 510800, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Qiu
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Linyan Huang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Sushan Yang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Kunlang Li
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Yueyun Liang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Zecheng Chen
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Beixian Zhou
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, PR China; Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315 Guangzhou, PR China.
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3
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Wesolowski R, Pleimes D, Specker E, Bader M. TPT-004, a Next-Generation Inhibitor of Tryptophan Hydroxylase, Ameliorates Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034240. [PMID: 38726898 PMCID: PMC11179815 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Wesolowski
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) Berlin Germany
- Trypto Therapeutics GmbH Berlin Germany
| | | | - Edgar Specker
- Trypto Therapeutics GmbH Berlin Germany
- Chemical Biology Platform, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) Berlin Germany
- Trypto Therapeutics GmbH Berlin Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin Berlin Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology Lübeck Germany
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4
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Han X, Ding W, Qu G, Li Y, Wang P, Yu J, Liu M, Chen X, Xie S, Feng J, Xu S. Danshensu methyl ester attenuated LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2024; 322:104219. [PMID: 38242336 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) manifests as an acute exacerbation of pulmonary inflammation with high mortality. The potential application of Danshensu methyl ester (DME, synthesized in our lab) in ameliorating ALI has not been elucidated. Our results demonstrated that DME led to a remarkable reduction in lung injury. DME promoted a marked increase in antioxidant enzymes, like superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH), accompanied by a substantial decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, DME decreased the production of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, in vitro and in vivo. TLR4 and MyD88 expression is reduced in the DME-treated cells or tissues, which further leading to a decrease of p-p65 and p-IκBα. Meanwhile, DME effectively facilitated an elevation in cytoplasmic p65 expression. In summary, DME could ameliorate ALI by its antioxidant functionality and anti-inflammation effects through TLR4/NF-κB, which implied that DME may be a viable medicine for lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Wensi Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Guiwu Qu
- School of Gerontology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Youjie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Pingyu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Xiulan Chen
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Shuyang Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China; Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jiankai Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China.
| | - Sen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China.
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5
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Zhu J, Zhou J, Feng B, Pan Q, Yang J, Lang G, Shang D, Zhou J, Li L, Yu J, Cao H. MSCs alleviate LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the proinflammatory function of macrophages in mouse lung organoid-macrophage model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:124. [PMID: 38466420 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory disease associated with alveolar injury, subsequent macrophage activation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytokine production. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are beneficial for application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases due to their immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanisms of regulatory effects by MSCs on macrophages in ALI need more in-depth study. Lung tissues were collected from mice for mouse lung organoid construction. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) derived from bronchoalveolar lavage and interstitial macrophages (IMs) derived from lung tissue were co-cultured, with novel matrigel-spreading lung organoids to construct an in vitro model of lung organoids-immune cells. Mouse compact bone-derived MSCs were co-cultured with organoids-macrophages to confirm their therapeutic effect on acute lung injury. Changes in transcriptome expression profile were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Well-established lung organoids expressed various lung cell type-specific markers. Lung organoids grown on spreading matrigel had the property of functional cells growing outside the lumen. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury promoted macrophage chemotaxis toward lung organoids and enhanced the expression of inflammation-associated genes in inflammation-injured lung organoids-macrophages compared with controls. Treatment with MSCs inhibited the injury progress and reduced the levels of inflammatory components. Furthermore, through the nuclear factor-κB pathway, MSC treatment inhibited inflammatory and phenotypic transformation of AMs and modulated the antigen-presenting function of IMs, thereby affecting the inflammatory phenotype of lung organoids. Lung organoids grown by spreading matrigel facilitate the reception of external stimuli and the construction of in vitro models containing immune cells, which is a potential novel model for disease research. MSCs exert protective effects against lung injury by regulating different functions of AMs and IMs in the lung, indicating a potential mechanism for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiahang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bing Feng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiaoling Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Guanjing Lang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dandan Shang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianya Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Zheng Z, Song X, Shi Y, Long X, Li J, Zhang M. Recent Advances in Biologically Active Ingredients from Natural Drugs for Sepsis Treatment. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:688-700. [PMID: 37254548 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230529101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis refers to the dysregulated host response to infection; its incidence and mortality rates are high. It is a worldwide medical problem but there is no specific drug for it. In recent years, clinical and experimental studies have found that many monomer components of traditional Chinese medicine have certain effects on the treatment of sepsis. This paper reviews the advances in research on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine involved in the treatment of sepsis in recent years according to their chemical structure; it could provide ideas and references for further research and development in Chinese materia medica for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zheng
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Xiayinan Song
- Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yanmei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Long
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Jie Li
- Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Song Z, Liu Q, Fan D, Song X. Ginsenosides: a potential natural medicine to protect the lungs from lung cancer and inflammatory lung disease. Food Funct 2023; 14:9137-9166. [PMID: 37801293 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the malignancy with the highest morbidity and mortality. Additionally, pulmonary inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia, acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis (PF), also have high mortality rates and can promote the development and progression of lung cancer. Unfortunately, available treatments for them are limited, so it is critical to search for effective drugs and treatment strategies to protect the lungs. Ginsenosides, the main active components of ginseng, have been shown to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we focus on the beneficial effects of ginsenosides on lung diseases and their molecular mechanisms. Firstly, the molecular mechanism of ginsenosides against lung cancer was summarized in detail, mainly from the points of view of proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and immunity. In in vivo and in vitro lung cancer models, ginsenosides Rg3, Rh2 and CK were reported to have strong anti-lung cancer effects. Then, in the models of pneumonia and acute lung injury, the protective effect of Rb1 was particularly remarkable, followed by Rg3 and Rg1, and its molecular mechanism was mainly associated with targeting NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Additionally, ginsenosides may also have a potential health-promoting effect in the improvement of COPD, asthma and PF. Furthermore, to overcome the low bioavailability of CK and Rh2, the development of nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes and other nanomedicine delivery systems can significantly improve the efficacy of targeted lung cancer treatment. To conclude, ginsenosides can be used as both anti-lung cancer and lung protective agents or adjuvants and have great potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Zhimin Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Qingchao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Biotechnology & Biomedicine Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Wang Y, Han Q, Zhang S, Xing X, Sun X. New perspective on the immunomodulatory activity of ginsenosides: Focus on effective therapies for post-COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115154. [PMID: 37454595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 700 million confirmed cases of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) have been reported globally, and 10-60% of patients are expected to exhibit "post-COVID-19 symptoms," which will continue to affect human life and health. In the absence of safer, more specific drugs, current multiple immunotherapies have failed to achieve satisfactory efficacy. Ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicine, is often used as an immunomodulator and has been used in COVID-19 treatment as a tonic to increase blood oxygen saturation. Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng. In this review, we summarize the multiple ways in which ginsenosides affect post-COVID-19 symptoms, including inhibition of lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor signaling, modulation of chemokine receptors and inflammasome activation, induction of macrophage polarization, effects on Toll-like receptors, nuclear factor kappa-B, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, lymphocytes, intestinal flora, and epigenetic regulation. Ginsenosides affect virus-mediated tissue damage, local or systemic inflammation, immune modulation, and other links, thus alleviating respiratory and pulmonary symptoms, reducing the cardiac burden, protecting the nervous system, and providing new ideas for the rehabilitation of patients with post-COVID-19 symptoms. Furthermore, we analyzed its role in strengthening body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors from the perspective of ginseng-epidemic disease and highlighted the challenges in clinical applications. However, the benefit of ginsenosides in modulating organismal imbalance post-COVID-19 needs to be further evaluated to better validate the pharmacological mechanisms associated with their traditional efficacy and to determine their role in individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Qin Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
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Barbosa-de-Oliveira MC, Oliveira-Melo P, Gonçalves da Silva MH, Santos da Silva F, Andrade Carvalho da Silva F, Silva de Araujo BV, Franco de Oliveira M, Tadeu Correia A, Miyoshi Sakamoto S, Valença SS, Lanzetti M, Schmidt M, Kennedy-Feitosa E. Modulation of Alveolar Macrophage Activity by Eugenol Attenuates Cigarette-Smoke-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1258. [PMID: 37371988 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the role of eugenol (EUG) on CS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and how this compound is able to modulate macrophage activity. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 12 cigarettes/day/5days and treated 15 min/day/5days with EUG. Rat alveolar macrophages (RAMs) were exposed to CSE (5%) and treated with EUG. In vivo, EUG reduced morphological changes inflammatory cells, oxidative stress markers, while, in vitro, it induced balance in the oxidative stress and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine release while increasing the anti-inflammatory one. These results suggest that eugenol reduced CS-induced ALI and acted as a modulator of macrophage activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Barbosa-de-Oliveira
- Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Paolo Oliveira-Melo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Torácica, Faculdade de Medicina HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Santos da Silva
- Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Andrade Carvalho da Silva
- Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Vinicios Silva de Araujo
- Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | - Aristides Tadeu Correia
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Torácica, Faculdade de Medicina HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Miyoshi Sakamoto
- Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santos Valença
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Manuella Lanzetti
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Building 3211, Room 406, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuel Kennedy-Feitosa
- Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
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Abe C, Bhaswant M, Miyazawa T, Miyazawa T. The Potential Use of Exosomes in Anti-Cancer Effect Induced by Polarized Macrophages. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031024. [PMID: 36986884 PMCID: PMC10054161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of aberrant cells outgrowing their normal bounds, which can subsequently infect other body parts and spread to other organs-a process known as metastasis-is one of the significant characteristics of cancer. The main reason why cancer patients die is because of widespread metastases. This abnormal cell proliferation varies in cancers of over a hundred types, and their response to treatment can vary substantially. Several anti-cancer drugs have been discovered to treat various tumors, yet they still have harmful side-effects. Finding novel, highly efficient targeted therapies based on modifications in the molecular biology of tumor cells is essential to reduce the indiscriminate destruction of healthy cells. Exosomes, an extracellular vesicle, are promising as a drug carrier for cancer therapy due to their good tolerance in the body. In addition, the tumor microenvironment is a potential target to regulate in cancer treatment. Therefore, macrophages are polarized toward M1 and M2 phenotypes, which are involved in cancer proliferation and are malignant. It is evident from recent studies that controlled macrophage polarization might contribute to cancer treatment, by the direct way of using miRNA. This review provides an insight into the potential use of exosomes to develop an 'indirect', more natural, and harmless cancer treatment through regulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizumi Abe
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Maharshi Bhaswant
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Taiki Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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11
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Recent advances in ginsenosides against respiratory diseases: Therapeutic targets and potential mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114096. [PMID: 36502752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases mainly include asthma, influenza, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer. Given their high prevalence and poor prognosis, the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases are increasingly essential. In particular, the development for the novel strategies of drug treatment has been a hot topic in the research field. Ginsenosides are the major component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng), a food homology and well-known medicinal herb. In this review, we summarize the current therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides in respiratory diseases. METHODS The reviewed studies were retrieved via a thorough analysis of numerous articles using electronic search tools including Sci-Finder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. The following keywords were used for the online search: ginsenosides, asthma, influenza, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), lung fibrosis, lung cancer, and clinical trials. We summarized the findings and the conclusions from 176 manuscripts on ginsenosides, including research articles and reviews. RESULTS Ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, and CK, which are the most commonly reported ginsenosides for treating of respiratory diseases, and other ginsenosides such as Rh1, Rk1, Rg5, Rd and Re, all primarily reduce pneumonia, fibrosis, and inhibit tumor progression by targeting NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and JNK pathways, thereby ameliorating respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION This review provides novel ideas and important aspects for the future research of ginsenosides for treating respiratory diseases.
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Chen H, Lin Y, Zeng L, Liu S. Elucidating the mechanism of Hongjinshen decoction in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32323. [PMID: 36595795 PMCID: PMC9794259 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the mechanism of compound Hongginshen decoction in improving pulmonary fibrosis based on network pharmacology. METHODS The active components and targets of ginseng and Salvia miltiorrhiza were screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database. The chemical components of Rhodiola, Ophiopogon japonicus, and Dendrobium were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID), and the target compounds were predicted by the Swisstargets method. The related target genes of pulmonary fiber (PF) were screened by the Genecards database and the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The protein-protein interaction network was drawn using the string database and Cytoscape software, and the network topology was analyzed. Then, using R3.6.3 software, biological processes, molecular function, cell component enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were carried out on the common targets of drugs and diseases. The network diagram of the "traditional Chinese medicine composition disease target" of Compound Hongginshen Decoction was constructed and analyzed with the software of Cytoscape 3.6.1. RESULTS We identified 159 active components and 2820 targets in Compound Hongginshen Decoction, and 2680 targets in pulmonary fibrosis. A total of 343 common targets were obtained by the intersection of drug targets and disease targets. protein-protein interaction protein interaction network analysis showed that PIK3CA, PIK3R1, MAPK1, SRC, AKT1, and so on may be the core targets of the compound Hongjingshen recipe in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified 3463 items, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 181 related signaling pathways, including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HCMV pathway, Hb pathway, PGs pathway, and KSHV signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Compound Hongginshen Decoction has the characteristics of a multichannel and multitargeted effect in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Radix Ophiopogonis and Dendrobium officinale play a key role in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. The whole compound prescription may play a therapeutic role by affecting cell metabolism, being anti-inflammatory, regulating the immune system, promoting angiogenesis, and improving anaerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixu Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, Sichuan, China
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Clinical and Medical Technology, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianlin Zeng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- * Correspondence: Shiwei Liu, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zigong No.4 People’s Hospital, Sichuan 643000, China (e-mail: ) and Lianlin Zeng, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China (e-mail: )
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zigong No.4 People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
- * Correspondence: Shiwei Liu, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zigong No.4 People’s Hospital, Sichuan 643000, China (e-mail: ) and Lianlin Zeng, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China (e-mail: )
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13
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Guo J, Yang Y. Parecoxib sodium alleviates ischemia reperfusion‐induced pulmonary injury via inhibiting ERK/NF‐κB and further activating the HIF‐1α pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e684. [PMID: 36039646 PMCID: PMC9382860 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The lungs are extremely vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which is characterized by intense inflammation, oxidative stress, alveolar damage, and vascular permeability. Parecoxib sodium (Pare) has been shown to exert protective effects against multiple I/R‐induced tissue injuries. However, its role in I/R‐induced lung injury remains unknown. This study aimed to reveal the roles and mechanisms of Pare in pulmonary I/R injury. Methods Sixty‐six rats were randomly divided into three groups: The sham‐operated group, the pulmonary I/R group, and the Pare‐pretreated I/R group. Pare at 10 mg/kg or saline (vehicle control) were intraperitoneally administered to rats once per day for 5 consecutive days before ischemia. Serum and tissue samples were harvested following 2 h of reperfusion. The oxygenation index (OI) and alveolar‐arterial oxygen partial pressure difference (PA‐aO2) were analyzed. The levels or activities of malondialdehyde, superoxidase dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, intracellular reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐8 were examined. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured. The protein expression levels of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and their phosphorylated forms, and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) were detected. Histological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, the survival rate following pulmonary I/R injury was recorded daily. Results Pare significantly increased the OI, decreased the PA‐aO2, increased the levels of antioxidants, while decreasing the levels of oxidants, and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and the histopathological damage induced by I/R. Furthermore, Pare inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, suppressed the activation of ERK and NF‐κB, further increased HIF‐1α expression, and significantly improved the rat survival rate. Conclusions Pare pretreatment attenuated lung I/R injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and the inflammatory response possibly via inhibiting the activation of the ERK/NF‐κB pathway and further activating the HIF‐1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou First People's Hospital Huangyan Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University Taizhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yiping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou First People's Hospital Huangyan Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University Taizhou Zhejiang China
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Cheng H, Liu J, Zhang D, Wang J, Tan Y, Feng W, Peng C. Ginsenoside Rg1 Alleviates Acute Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817600. [PMID: 35655785 PMCID: PMC9152015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we examined the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rg1, a natural compound with low bioavailability, on the acute experimental colitis mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and explored underlying mechanisms. Acute UC was induced in C57BL/6 mice by 2.5% DSS for 7 days, meanwhile, 2 mg/10 g b.w. ginsenoside Rg1 was administrated to treat the mice. Body weight, colon length, colon tissue pathology, and colon tissue inflammatory cytokines were assessed. The composition structure of gut microbiota was profiled using 16s rRNA sequencing. Global metabolomic profiling of the feces was performed, and tryptophan and its metabolites in the serum were detected. The results showed that Rg1 significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colonic injury and colonic inflammation. In addition, Rg1 also partly reversed the imbalance of gut microbiota composition caused by DSS. Rg1 intervention can regulate various metabolic pathways of gut microbiota such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and vitamin B6 metabolism and the most prominent metabolic alteration was tryptophan metabolism. DSS decreased the levels of tryptophan metabolites in the serum, including indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-lactic acid, 3-indolepropionic acid, and niacinamide and Rg1 can increase the levels of these metabolites. In conclusion, the study discovered that Rg1 can protect the intestinal barrier and alleviate colon inflammation in UC mice, and the underlying mechanism is closely related to the regulation of gut microbiota composition and microbial tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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15
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Long J, Liu XK, Kang ZP, Wang MX, Zhao HM, Huang JQ, Xiao QP, Liu DY, Zhong YB. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorated experimental colitis by regulating the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization and the homeostasis of intestinal flora. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174742. [PMID: 34999087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant M1/M2 macrophage polarization and dysbiosis are involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Ginsenoside Rg1 exhibits optimal immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in treating UC of humans and animals, but the action mechanism through the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization and intestinal flora composition remain unclear. Here, experimental colitis was induced in BALB/c mice using dextran sulfate sodium, and Rock1 inhibitor Y27632 was used to explore the action mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1. Following treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 (200 mg/kg/day) and Y27632 (10 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days, the rate of change in mouse body weight, mouse final weight, colonic weight, colonic length, colonic weight index and pathological damage scores of colitis mice were effectively improved, accompanied by less ulcer formation and inflammatory cell infiltration, lower levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-33, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and higher IL-4 and IL-10. Importantly, ginsenoside Rg1 and Y27632 significantly down-regulated CD11b+F4/80+, CD11b+F4/80+Tim-1+ and CD11b+F4/80+TLR4+ macrophages, and CD11b+F4/80+iNOS+ M1 macrophages, and significantly up-regulated CD11b+F4/80+CD206+ and CD11b+F4/80+CD163+ M2 macrophages in colitis mice; concomitantly, ginsenoside Rg1 improved the diversity of colonic microbiota and regulated Lachnospiraceae, Staphylococcus, Bacteroide and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014 at genus level in colitis mice, but the flora regulated by Y27632 was not identical to it. Moreover, ginsenoside Rg1 and Y27632 down-regulated the protein levels of Rock1, RhoA and Nogo-B in colitis mice. These results suggested that ginsenoside Rg1 and Y27632 ameliorated colitis by regulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization and microbiota composition, associated with inhibition of the Nogo-B/RhoA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Long
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Ke Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zeng-Ping Kang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Xue Wang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Xiao
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - You-Bao Zhong
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Model of TCM Syndromes of Depression, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
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16
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Molecular hydrogen alleviates lung injury after traumatic brain injury: Pyroptosis and apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174664. [PMID: 34883075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical condition, and inflammation and apoptosis play essential roles. Molecular hydrogen (H2) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Our previous work has shown that 42% H2 can improve TBI. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that inhalation of hydrogen (42% H2, 21% O2, balanced nitrogen) for 1 h per day can improve TBI-induced ALI. METHODS Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Except for the sham group (group S), rats were subjected to a fluid percussion injury (FPI) and the H2 treatment group were given inhaled hydrogen for 1 h per day. We evaluated the lung function, pyroptosis and apoptosis at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. RESULTS Compared with group S, the rats in the TBI group (group T) showed obvious pulmonary edema after a TBI. Inhalation of high-concentration hydrogen significantly improved the rats. During this process, rats had some tendency to heal on their own, and H2 also accelerated the self-healing process. Lung injury scores, oxygenation index and pulmonary edema were consistent. Compared with group S, the pyroptosis-related proteins Caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) and Gasdermin-D (GSDM-D) in the lung tissues of the rats in group T were significantly increased after a TBI. In the H2 treatment group (group H), these proteins were significantly decreased. The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased after TBI while in group H were significantly decreased. At the same time, cleaved caspase-3 and BCL-2/Bax were also changed after H2 treatment. These demonstrates the powerful ameliorating effect of H2 on pyroptosis, apoptosis and systemic inflammation. However, rats also had tendency to heal on their own, and H2 also accelerated the self-healing process at the same time. CONCLUSIONS H2 improves TBI-ALI, and the mechanism may be due to the decrease of both pyroptosis and apoptosis and the alleviation of inflammation. These findings provide a reference and evidence for the use of H2 in TBI-ALI patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
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El-Bassouny DR, Omar NM, Khalaf HA, Al-Salam RAA. Role of nuclear factor-kappa B in bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis and the probable alleviating role of ginsenoside: histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study. Anat Cell Biol 2021; 54:448-464. [PMID: 34936986 PMCID: PMC8693141 DOI: 10.5115/acb.21.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) is one of anti-cancerous drugs. One of its limitation is the development of pulmonary fibrosis during therapy So, we proposed to examine the outcome of BLM take on the light and electron microscopic design of rat lung. Along with, assessment the probable protecting role of ginsenoside on BLM induced pulmonary changes. In this study, thirty adult male albino rats were comprised and were classified to four clusters; Negative & positive control group, BLM treated group and BLM& ginsenoside treated group. The lung was treated for histological and immunohistochemical (anti-p65) studies. Light microscopic examination of H&E stained sections of BLM treated group showed huge distortion of the lung building. Mallory trichrome stain of this group showed evident deposition of collagen fibers in the markedly thickened interalveolar septa and around intrapulmonary bronchi, bronchioles and blood vessels. Moreover, strong positive staining for nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the wall of bronchiole as well as the thickened interalveolar septa were observed. Ultrastructural inspection of lung of this group revealed muddled lung planning. Marked improvement of the lung structure and marked reduction in NF-κB immunoexpression was appeared in BLM and ginsenoside treated group. So, we concluded that co-administration of ginsenoside with BLM significantly enhanced the histological and morphometric image of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Refaat El-Bassouny
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, El Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nesreen Mostafa Omar
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, El Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Attia Khalaf
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, El Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reem Ahmad Abd Al-Salam
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, El Mansoura, Egypt
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Bian H, Han N, Wang L, Wang X, Cho K, Yin J, Jiang B. Effects of Salvianolic Acid B/ginsenoside Rg1 Combination Against Chronic Pulmonary Embolism Induced by Polystyrene Microspheres. Folia Biol (Praha) 2021. [DOI: 10.3409/fb_69-4.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the most life-threatening complication of venous thromboembolism, but few effective treatments have been discovered to attenuate chronic PE currently. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of salvianolic acid B (SalB) and ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1)
combination (SalB/Rg1) on chronic PE and explored the potential mechanisms. The PE model was induced by 45 μm polystyrene microspheres and 20 mg/kg of SalB/Rg1 was administered to PE rats intraperitoneally. A histopathological analysis of the lungs and heart was performed through hematoxylin
and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis. The pulmonary index and right ventricular cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area were evaluated. SalB/Rg1 markedly downregulated pulmonary index, attenuated pulmonary interstitial changes, suppressed neutrophil infiltration, prevented collagen
deposition, and inhibited MMP-9 activities in the lung. We also found that SalB/Rg1 improved right ventricular hypertrophy accompanied by reducing the cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. These data suggest that SalB/Rg1 played a protective role against microsphere-induced PE and holds a high
potential for the treatment of PE in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimiao Bian
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenka Cho
- University of Medical and Health Care, Hanayashiki-Midorigaoka, Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baohong Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Corylin Ameliorates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Suppressing the MAPKs and IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101046. [PMID: 34681270 PMCID: PMC8537250 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a high mortality disease with acute inflammation. Corylin is a compound isolated from the whole plant of Psoralea corylifolia L. and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic potential of corylin on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced ALI, both in vitro and in vivo. The levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretions were analyzed by ELISA; the expressions of inflammation-associated proteins were detected using Western blot; and the number of immune cell infiltrations in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by multicolor flow cytometry and lung tissues by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, respectively. Experimental results indicated that corylin attenuated LPS-induced IL-6 production in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT cells). In intratracheal LPS-induced ALI mice, corylin attenuated tissue damage, suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased IL-6 and TNF-α secretions in the BALF and serum. Moreover, it further inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38, and repressed the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in lungs. Collectively, our results are the first to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of corylin on LPS-induced ALI and suggest corylin has significant potential as a novel therapeutic agent for ALI.
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Baljinnyam T, Radnaa E, Ouellette CM, Nelson C, Niimi Y, Andersen CR, Popov V, Lee JW, Prough DS, Enkhbaatar P. High molecular weight sodium hyaluronate improves survival of syndecan-1-deficient septic mice by inhibiting neutrophil migration. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250327. [PMID: 33930030 PMCID: PMC8087021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS Sepsis was induced by cotton smoke inhalation followed by intranasal administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in female (> 6 months) Balb/c and syndecan-1 knockout mice. Survival of mice, lung capillary endothelial glycocalyx integrity, lung water content, and vascular hyper-permeability were determined with or without HMW-SH treatment in these mice. Effects of HMW-SH on endothelial permeability and neutrophil migration were tested in in vitro setting. RESULTS In septic wildtype mice, we found a severely damaged pulmonary microvascular endothelial glycocalyx and elevated levels of shed syndecan-1 in the circulation. These changes were associated with significantly increased pulmonary vascular permeability. In septic syndecan-1 knockout mice, extravascular lung water content was higher, and early death was observed. The administration of HMW-SH significantly reduced mortality and lung water content in septic syndecan-1 knockout mice, but not in septic wildtype mice. In in vitro setting, HMW-SH inhibited neutrophil migration and reduced cultured endothelial cell permeability increases. However, these effects were reversed by the addition of recombinant syndecan-1 ectodomain. CONCLUSIONS HMW-SH reduced lung tissue damage and mortality in the absence of syndecan-1 protein, possibly by reducing vascular hyper-permeability and neutrophil migration. Our results further suggest that increased shed syndecan-1 protein levels are linked with the inefficiency of HMW-SH in septic wildtype mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuvshintugs Baljinnyam
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Casey M. Ouellette
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christina Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yosuke Niimi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Clark R. Andersen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vsevolod Popov
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF School of Medicine, San-Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Donald S. Prough
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Perenlei Enkhbaatar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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LOU Z, ZHAO H, LYU G. [Mechanism and intervention of mucosal immune regulation based on "lung and large intestine being interior-exteriorly related" theory of traditional Chinese medicine]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:665-678. [PMID: 33448169 PMCID: PMC8800704 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The "lung and large intestine being interior-exteriorly related" is one of the classical theories in traditional Chinese medicine, which indicates a close correlation between the lung and large intestine in physiology and pathology, and plays a pivotal role in guiding the treatment of the lung and bowel diseases. Modern medicine has revealed some connections between the lung and large intestine in tissue origin and mucosal immunity, and preliminarily illuminated the material basis and possible regulatory mechanism of the theory. Recently, this theory has been applied to guide the treatment of refractory lung and intestine diseases such as COVID-19 and ulcerative colitis and has obtained reliable efficacy. Existing research results show that the anatomical homogeneity of lung and large intestine promotes the correlation between lung-bowel mucosal immunity, and mucosal immunity and migration and homing of innate lymphocytes are one of the physiological and pathological mechanisms for lung and large intestine to share. Under the guidance of this theory, Chinese medicines with heat-clearing and detoxifying or tonic effects are commonly used in the treatment of the lung and intestinal diseases by regulating lung-bowel mucosal immunity and they can be candidate drugs to treat lung/intestinal diseases simultaneously. However, the existing studies on immune regulation are mainly focused on the expression levels of sIgA and cytokines, as well as the changes in the number of immune cells such as innate lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. While the following aspects need further investigation: the airway/intestinal mucous hypersecretion, the functional changes of pulmonary and intestinal mucosal barrier immune cells, the dynamic process of lung/intestinal mucosal immune interaction, the intervention effect of local pulmonary/intestinal microecology, the correlation and biological basis between the heat-clearing and detoxifying effect and the tonic effect, and its regulation of pulmonary/intestinal mucosal immunity. In this paper, we try to analyze the internal relationship between lung and intestine related diseases from the point of view of the common mucosal immune system of lung and intestine, and summarize the characteristics and rules of traditional Chinese medicine compound and its active ingredients, which have regulatory effect on lung and intestine mucosal immune system, so as to further explain the theoretical connotation of "lung and large intestine being interior-exteriorly related" and provide reference for the research and development of drugs for related diseases.
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Majnooni MB, Fakhri S, Shokoohinia Y, Kiyani N, Stage K, Mohammadi P, Gravandi MM, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Interventions Against Coronavirus-Associated Lung Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:588467. [PMID: 33658931 PMCID: PMC7919380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, millions of people have been infected and died worldwide. However, no drug has been approved for the treatment of this disease and its complications, which urges the need for finding novel therapeutic agents to combat. Among the complications due to COVID-19, lung injury has attained special attention. Besides, phytochemicals have shown prominent anti-inflammatory effects and thus possess significant effects in reducing lung injury caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Also, the prevailing evidence reveales the antiviral effects of those phytochemicals, including anti-SARS-CoV activity, which could pave the road in providing suitable lead compounds in the treatment of COVID-19. In the present study, candidate phytochemicals and related mechanisms of action have been shown in the treatment/protection of lung injuries induced by various methods. In terms of pharmacological mechanism, phytochemicals have shown potential inhibitory effects on inflammatory and oxidative pathways/mediators, involved in the pathogenesis of lung injury during COVID-19 infection. Also, a brief overview of phytochemicals with anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Ric Scalzo Botanical Research Institute, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Narges Kiyani
- Ric Scalzo Botanical Research Institute, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Katrina Stage
- Ric Scalzo Botanical Research Institute, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento De Ciencias Del Ambiente, Facultad De Química y Biología, Universidad De Santiago De Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the proinflammatory function of Ly6C + CD8 + T cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:829. [PMID: 33024074 PMCID: PMC7538431 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory processes, including alveolar injury, cytokine induction, and neutrophil accumulation, play key roles in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI). The immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can contribute to the treatment of inflammatory disorders. In previous studies, the focus was on innate immune cells and the effects of MSCs on ALI through CD8+ T cells remain unclear. In the present study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce ALI in mice. ALI mice were treated with MSCs via intratracheal instillation. Survival rate, histopathological changes, protein levels, total cell count, cytokine levels, and chemokine levels in alveolar lavage fluid were used to determine the efficacy of MSCs. Mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) were used to characterize the CD8+ T cells in the lungs. Ly6C- CD8+ T cells are prevalent in normal mice, whereas a specialized effector phenotype expressing a high level of Ly6C is predominant in advanced disease. MSCs significantly mitigated ALI and improved survival. MSCs decreased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, especially Ly6C+ CD8+ T cells into the lungs. Mass cytometry revealed that CD8+ T cells expressing high Ly6C and CXCR3 levels caused tissue damage in the lungs of ALI mice, which was alleviated by MSCs. The scRNA-seq showed that Ly6C+ CD8+ T cells exhibited a more activated phenotype and decreased expression of proinflammatory factors that were enriched the most in immune chemotaxis after treatment with MSCs. We showed that CD8+ T cells play an important role in MSC-mediated ALI remission, and both infiltration quantity and proinflammatory function were inhibited by MSCs, indicating a potential mechanism for therapeutic intervention.
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Zhang X, Zou Y, Liu Y, Cao Y, Zhu J, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhang R, Li J. Inhibition of PIM1 kinase attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by modulating the ZEB1/E-cadherin pathway in alveolar epithelial cells. Mol Immunol 2020; 125:15-22. [PMID: 32619930 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PIM1 is serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in numerous biological processes. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic pathological result of the dysfunctional repair of lung injury without effective therapeutic treatments. In the current study, we investigated whether PIM1 inhibition would improve bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In a BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, PIM1 was persistently upregulated in fibrotic lung tissues. Furthermore, PIM1 inhibition by the PIM1-specific inhibitor SMI-4a showed protective effects against BLM-induced mortality. Furthermore, SMI-4a suppressed hydroxyproline deposition and reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) formation, which was characterized by E-cadherin and α-SMA expression in vivo. More importantly, the ZEB1/E-cadherin pathway was found to be closely associated with BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. After the in vitro treatment of A549 cells, PIM1 regulated E-cadherin expression by dependently modulating the activity of the transcription factor ZEB1. These findings were verified in vivo after SMI-4a administration. Finally, an shPIM1-expressing adeno-associated virus was delivered via intratracheal injection to induce a long-term PIM1 deficiency in the alveolar epithelium. AAV-mediated PIM1 knockdown in the lung tissues alleviated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, as indicated by collagen accumulation reduction, pulmonary histopathological mitigation and EMT reversion. These findings enhance our understanding of the roles of PIM1 in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and suggest PIM1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy in chronic pulmonary injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeng Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhu X, Wang B, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhu J, Zou Y, Li J. Alpha-linolenic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative pathways. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104077. [PMID: 32084579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an important component of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties. To date, the effects of ALA on acute lung injury (ALI) remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the potential protective effects of ALA on LPS-induced ALI and the underpinning mechanisms. An animal model of ALI was established via intratracheally injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg). We found that lung wet/dry weight ratio and protein concentration in Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were dramatically decreased by ALA pretreatment. Treatment with ALA significantly alleviated the infiltration of total cells and neutrophils, while increased the number of the macrophages. ALA significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine. Moreover, we found that the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were highly increased in LPS-induced ALI, while the activities of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased, which were reversed by ALA. ALA attenuated LPS-induced histopathological changes and apoptosis. Furthermore, ALA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB (p65) activation in ALI. ALA showed anti-inflammatory effects in mice with LPS-induced ALI. NF-κB pathway may be involved in ALA mediated protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 950th Hospital of CPLA Ground Force, Yecheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 844900, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 950th Hospital of CPLA Ground Force, Yecheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 844900, China.
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 950th Hospital of CPLA Ground Force, Yecheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 844900, China.
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Ding Z, Zhong R, Xia T, Yang Y, Xing N, Wang W, Wang Y, Yang B, Sun X, Shu Z. Advances in research into the mechanisms of Chinese Materia Medica against acute lung injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 122:109706. [PMID: 31918277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common and serious disease. Numerous treatment options are available but they do not improve quality of life or reduce mortality for ALI patients. Here, we review the treatments for ALI to provide basic data for ALI drug therapy research and development. Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) has long been the traditional clinical approach in China for the treatment of ALI and it has proven efficacy. The continued study of CMM has disclosed new potential therapeutic ingredients for ALI. However, few reviews summarize the currently available CMM-based anti-ALI drugs. Therefore, the systematic analysis of research progress in anti-ALI CMM is of great academic and clinical value. The aim of the present review is to describe CMM-based research progress in ALI treatment. Data were compiled by electronic retrieval (CNKI, SciFinder, PubMeds, Google Scholar, Web of Science) and from articles, patents and ethnopharmacological literature in university libraries were systematically studied. This review introduces progress in research on the etiology and mechanisms of ALI, the anti-ALI theory and modes of action in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), anti-ALI active constituents of CMM, research progress in experimental methods of CMM anti-ALI, the anti-ALI molecular mechanisms of CMM, the anti-ALI efficacy of CMM formulae, and the potential toxicity of CMM and the antidotes for it. Scholars have investigated the anti-ALI molecular mechanism of CMM from various direction and have made substantial progress. This research explored the above aspects, enriched the anti-ALI theory of CMM and established the clinical significance and developmental prospects of ALI treatment by CMM. Because of the high frequency of drugs such as glucocorticoids or antibiotics, Western medicine lacks the advantages of CMM in terms of overall anti-ALI efficacy. In the future, the development of CMM-based anti-ALI therapies will become a major trend in the field of ALI drug development. Successful clinical safety and efficacy validations will promote and encourage the use of CMM. It provides fundamental theoretical support for the discovery and use of CMM resources through the comprehensive analysis of various anti-ALI CMM report databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Ding
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renxing Zhong
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Xia
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Yang
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Xing
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wujing Wang
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zunpeng Shu
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Fei YX, Zhao B, Yin QY, Qiu YY, Ren GH, Wang BW, Wang YF, Fang WR, Li YM. Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction Attenuates PM2.5 Induced Lung Injury via Inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NFκB Signal Pathway in Rat. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1361. [PMID: 31798456 PMCID: PMC6868102 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction (MXD), a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription, is widely used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. However, the effect of MXD against particulate matters with diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) induced lung injury remains to be elucidated. In this study, rats were stimulated with PM2.5 to induce lung injury. MXD was given orally once daily for five days. Lung tissues were harvested to assess pathological changes and edema. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) content in lung were determined to evaluate the degree of injury. To assess the barrier disruption, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to determine the total protein content and count the number of neutrophils and macrophages. For evaluating the activation of macrophage in lung tissue, CD68 was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The levels of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in BALF and serum were measured. In vitro, a PM2.5-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages inflammatory model was introduced. To evaluate the protective effect of MXD-medicated serum, the cell viability and the release of inflammatory factors were measured. The effects of MXD on the High mobility group box-1/Toll-like receptor 4/Nuclear factor-kappa B (HMGB1/TLR4/NFκB) pathway in lung tissue and RAW 264.7 cells were assessed by Western blot. For further confirming the protective effect of MXD was mediated by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NFκB pathway, RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with MXD-medicated serum alone or MXD-medicated serum plus recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1). MXD significantly ameliorated the lung injury in rats, as evidenced by decreases in the pathological score, lung edema, MPO activity, MDA content, CD68 positive macrophages number, disruption of alveolar capillary barrier and the levels of inflammatory factors. In vitro, MXD-medicated serum increased cell viability and inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, MXD treatment was found to inhibit HMGB1/TLR4/NFκB signal pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the protection of MXD could be reversed by rHMGB1 in RAW 264.7. Taken together, these results suggest MXD protects rats from PM2.5 induced acute lung injury, possibly through the modulation of HMGB1/TLR4/NFκB pathway and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Yang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Ying Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Fang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Rong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Suppresses Type 2 PRRSV Infection via NF-κB Signaling Pathway In Vitro, and Provides Partial Protection against HP-PRRSV in Piglet. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111045. [PMID: 31717616 PMCID: PMC6893584 DOI: 10.3390/v11111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a huge threat to the modern pig industry, and current vaccine prevention strategies could not provide full protection against it. Therefore, exploring new anti-PRRSV strategies is urgently needed. Ginsenoside Rg1, derived from ginseng and notoginseng, is shown to exert anti-inflammatory, neuronal apoptosis-suppressing and anti-oxidant effects. Here we demonstrate Rg1-inhibited PRRSV infection both in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in a dose-dependent manner. Rg1 treatment affected multiple steps of the PRRSV lifecycle, including virus attachment, replication and release at concentrations of 10 or 50 µM. Meanwhile, Rg1 exhibited broad inhibitory activities against Type 2 PRRSV, including highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) XH-GD and JXA1, NADC-30-like strain HNLY and classical strain VR2332. Mechanistically, Rg1 reduced mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α, and decreased NF-κB signaling activation triggered by PRRSV infection. Furthermore, 4-week old piglets intramuscularly treated with Rg1 after being challenged with the HP-PRRSV JXA1 strain display moderate lung injury, decreased viral load in serum and tissues, and an improved survival rate. Collectively, our study provides research basis and supportive clinical data for using Ginsenoside Rg1 in PRRSV therapies in swine.
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Wang J, Cao Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Ji F, Li J, Zou Y. PIM1 inhibitor SMI-4a attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through suppressing macrophage inflammatory responses via modulating p65 phosphorylation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:568-574. [PMID: 31203114 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PIM kinase is involved in the cellular processes of growth, differentiation and apoptosis. However, the role of PIM1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains largely unknown. A trend of PIM1 in the lung tissue of LPS-induced ALI at different time points was detected. Histology, wet/dry (W/D) ratio, inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and survival rate analyses were performed when mice received the PIM1 inhibitor SMI-4a intratracheally 3 h before LPS administration. Cytokine production in vivo and in vitro was measured after SMI-4a pretreatment. NF-κB subunit p65 expression in nuclei and phosphorylation at Ser276 in lung tissues or cells were detected by Western blot analysis. The results showed that PIM1 mRNA and protein were upregulated in the lung tissue of LPS-induced ALI. The PIM1 inhibitor SMI-4a markedly improved the survival rate after lethal LPS administration, reduced the severity of lung edema, attenuated the histologic injuries of the lung tissue and reduced the counts of infiltrated inflammatory cells in the BALF. The PIM1 inhibitor SMI-4a suppressed the production of cytokines in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cell supernatants and BALF. Furthermore, LPS administration upregulated the levels of nuclear p65 and phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) at Ser276, whereas pretreatment with the PIM1 inhibitor SMI-4a reduced p65 upregulation in the nucleus and p-p65 at Ser276. Taken together, these data indicate that the PIM1 inhibitor SMI-4a may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for LPS-induced ALI by suppressing macrophage production of cytokines via a reduction of p65 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeng Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanceng Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Peng LY, Yuan M, Song K, Yu JL, Li JH, Huang JN, Yi PF, Fu BD, Shen HQ. Baicalin alleviated APEC-induced acute lung injury in chicken by inhibiting NF-κB pathway activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:467-472. [PMID: 31035089 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a leading cause of death in the animal husbandry. Acute lung injury (ALI), most often seen as a part of systemic inflammatory process, characterized by progressive hypoxemia, edema, and neutrophil accumulation in the lung. Baicalin has been reported to inhibit inflammatory response, but its role in ALI remains unknown. The purpose of our study was to determine the protective effect and possible mechanism of baicalin against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)-induced ALI in chicken. Chickens were conditioned with baicalin 1 week before intratracheally instilled with APEC. Then, chickens were sacrificed by CO2 inhalation 12 h later and the lung tissues were collected for examining histopathological changes, wet/dry (W/D) ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. The results showed that pre-treatment of chickens with baicalin significantly alleviated the death rate, histopathological changes in lung tissues. The W/D ratio, MPO activity and production of cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 of lung tissues were also decreased following treatment with baicalin. Furthermore, the mechanism responsible for these effects was attributed to the inhibitory effect of baicalin on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling activation. These data thus support the application of baicalin as a potential medicine for the treatment of E. coli-induced ALI by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yuan Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Jing-He Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Jiang-Ni Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Ben-Dong Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
| | - Hai-Qing Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
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Paik S, Choe JH, Choi GE, Kim JE, Kim JM, Song GY, Jo EK. Rg6, a rare ginsenoside, inhibits systemic inflammation through the induction of interleukin-10 and microRNA-146a. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4342. [PMID: 30867482 PMCID: PMC6416268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunobiological functions of Rg6, a rare ginsenoside from ginseng, have been largely unreported. In this paper, we demonstrate that Rg6 has a significant immunosuppressive function on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-induced systemic inflammatory responses. Rg6 was found to negatively regulate pro-inflammatory responses and severity in vivo, and thus induced recovery in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Rg6 treatment also facilitated recovery in mice with LPS-induced lung damage via reduced neutrophil infiltration and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in lung tissues. Rg6 injection also downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the levels of interleukin (IL)-10 in the serum of septic mice. Mechanistically, Rg6 did not induce TLR negative regulators, such as A20 and IRAK-M, in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Instead, addition of Rg6 to LPS-activated BMDMs augmented IL-10 expression, whereas it inhibited inflammatory signaling, such as by nuclear factor κB activation and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Furthermore, Rg6 significantly induced miR-146a, an operator miRNA for anti-inflammation, in BMDMs. Collectively, these data indicate that Rg6 inhibits inflammatory responses through the induction of IL-10 and miR-146a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwha Paik
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Choe
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Eun Choi
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, He Y, Wang X, Fang Q. Lipopolysaccharide mediates time-dependent macrophage M1/M2 polarization through the Tim-3/Galectin-9 signalling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2019; 376:124-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Regulates SIRT1 to Ameliorate Sepsis-Induced Lung Inflammation and Injury via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6453296. [PMID: 30918470 PMCID: PMC6409002 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6453296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on relieving sepsis-induced lung inflammation and injury in vivo and in vitro. Methods Cultured human pulmonary epithelial cell line A549 was challenged with LPS to induce cell injury, and CLP mouse model was generated to mimic clinical condition of systemic sepsis. Rg1 was applied to cells or animals at indicated dosage. Apoptosis of cultured cells was quantified by flow cytometry, along with ELISA for inflammatory cytokines in supernatant. For septic mice, lung tissue pathology was examined, plus ELISA assay for serum cytokines. Western blotting was used to examine the activation of inflammatory pathways and ER stress marker proteins in both cells and mouse lung tissues. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was quantified by DCFDA kit. Results Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment remarkably suppressed apoptosis rate of LPS-induced A549 cells, relieved mouse lung tissue damage, and elevated survival rate. Rg1 treatment also rescued cells from LPS-induced intracellular ROS. In both A549 cells and mouse lung tissues, further study showed that Rg1 perfusion significantly suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) alpha and interleukin- (IL-) 6 and relieved cells from ER stress as supported by decreased expression of marker proteins via upregulating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Conclusion Our results showed that ginsenoside Rg1 treatment effectively relieved sepsis-induced lung injury in vitro and in vivo, mainly via upregulating SIRT1 to relieve ER stress and inflammation. These findings provide new insights for unrevealing potential candidate for severe sepsis accompanied with lung injury.
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Davis MP, Behm B. Ginseng: A Qualitative Review of Benefits for Palliative Clinicians. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2019; 36:630-659. [PMID: 30686023 DOI: 10.1177/1049909118822704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been used for centuries to treat various diseases and has been commercially developed and cultivated in the past 300 years. Ginseng products may be fresh, dried (white), or dried and steamed (red). Extracts may be made using water or alcohol. There are over 50 different ginsenosides identified by chromatography. We did an informal systematic qualitative review that centered on fatigue, cancer, dementia, respiratory diseases, and heart failure, and we review 113 studies in 6 tables. There are multiple potential benefits to ginseng in cancer. Ginseng, in certain circumstances, has been shown to improve dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure through randomized trials. Most trials had biases or unknown biases and so most evidence is of low quality. We review the gaps in the evidence and make some recommendations regarding future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellar P Davis
- 1 Palliative Care Department, Knapper Cancer Center, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Bertrand Behm
- 1 Palliative Care Department, Knapper Cancer Center, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
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Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang D, Wang H, Bo L, Deng X. Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4961-4967. [PMID: 30013022 PMCID: PMC6067036 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to acute lung injury (ALI), in which the inflammatory response plays an important role in its pathophysiology. Recent studies suggest that dexmedetomidine (Dex) plays a protective role in acute inflammatory diseases. However, whether Dex has a protective effect on TBI-induced ALI is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Dex on TBI-induced ALI in mice. Material/Methods Mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1) sham group; 2) TBI group; 3) TBI+Dex group; 4) TBI+atipamezole (Atip) group; and 5) TBI+Dex+Atip group. Dex (50 μg/kg) was intraperitoneal injected immediately after TBI. The α2 adrenergic antagonist Atip (250 μg/kg) was intraperitoneal injected 15 minutes prior to Dex treatment. Then 24 hours later, the protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung wet to dry weight ratio, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of lungs, the level of high-mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1) in serum, and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression in lung were detected. Results Dex ameliorated the score of lung histological examination, as well as the severity of pulmonary edema and permeability. Moreover, Dex was observed to significantly suppress the expression of HMGBI and RAGE. However, the protective effects of Dex were partially reversed by the administration of Atip. Conclusions Dex may protect against TBI-induced ALI via the HMGB1-RAGE signal pathway, and this protective effect is partly dependent on its α2 adrenoceptor agonist action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Changli Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Huihui Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lulong Bo
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Wang F, Fu X, Wu X, Zhang J, Zhu J, Zou Y, Li J. Bone marrow derived M 2 macrophages protected against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation by modulating neutrophils and T lymphocytes responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:162-168. [PMID: 29883961 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by aggravated inflammatory responses and the subsequent alveolar-capillary injury for which there are no specific therapies available currently. The present study was designed to investigate the protective roles of bone marrow derived M2 macrophages (M2 BMDMs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI. M2 BMDMs were obtained from bone marrow cells stimulated with M-CSF and IL-4. Mice received M2 BMDMs intratracheally 3 h after LPS administration. Histology and wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio, activated immune cells and total protein were detected. Cytokines production were measured in vivo and vitro study. The effects of PD-L1 blockade on M2 BMDMs were calculated. The results showed that M2 BMDMs administration reduced the infiltration of neutrophils, inhibited the oxidative stress, while increased the counts of CD3+T lymphocytes as well as CD4+CD25+ regulatory T lymphocytes. Further, M2 BMDMs suppressed the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production, while increased the IL-10 production. Blockade of PD-L1/PD-1 pathway reversed cytokines production of M2 BMDMs in the BALF. These findings indicated that M2 BMDMs might be a promising therapeutic strategy for LPS-induced ALI through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation by modulating neutrophils and T lymphocytes responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiazhen Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xinwan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China.
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Hu Y, Ren J, Wang L, Zhao X, Zhang M, Shimizu K, Zhang C. Protective effects of total alkaloids from Dendrobium crepidatum against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice and its chemical components. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 149:12-23. [PMID: 29438749 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium crepidatum was one of the sources of Herba Dendrobii, a famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine. Indolizine-type alkaloids are the main characteristic ingredients of D. crepidatum, which possesses a variety of changeable skeletons. In the present study, we found that the total alkaloids of D. crepidatum (TAD) can inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and showed protective effects against LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice through downregulating the TLR4-mediated MyD88/MAPK signaling pathway. Further phytochemical study showed that six previously undescribed indolizine-type compounds, including a racemic mixture (dendrocrepidine A-E) were isolated from TAD. Meanwhile, dendrocrepidine F was separated into a pair of enantiomers by a chiral chromatography, and their absolute configurations were assigned by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The isomer (-)-dendrocrepidine F showed higher anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NO production in LPS-treated macrophages with an IC50 value of 13.3 μM. Taken together, indolizine-type alkaloids are the active components of D. crepidatum through downregulating the TLR4-mediated pathway, indicating some kind of therapy of TAD for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639# Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639# Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639# Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639# Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639# Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639# Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against hind-limb ischemia reperfusion induced lung injury via NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 60:96-103. [PMID: 29709772 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Ginsenoside Rg1 is regarded as the primary bioactive ingredient in Panax notoginseng that has been well recognized for its protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. However, the mechanisms still remain elusive. Our study aims to investigate the effects of Rg1 against lung injury induced by hind-limb IR in rats. METHODS Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were randomly submitted to sham operation (SM group), hind-limb IR (IR group), hind-limb IR + Rg1 (Rg1 group), and hind-limb IR + Pro-DTC group (PD group). All the rats except those in SM group were subjected to 3 h of ischemia followed by 6 h of reperfusion, and extra intravenous Rg1 and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (Pro-DTC), a selective inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), was administered intravenously before ischemia in the Rg1 and PD group, respectively. The activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as protein expressions of NF-κB p65 and cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) in lung tissue, and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-ProstaglandinF1α (6-keto-PGF1α) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were detected. Morphological changes, index of quantitative assessment of histologic lung injury (IQA), apoptosis index (AI) and lung Wet/Dry ratio were also evaluated. RESULTS The levels of Wet/Dry ratio, IQA, AI, activities of MPO and 6-keto-PGF1α/TXB2 ratio were increased, and NF-κB p65 and COX-2 protein expression were upregulated, while SOD and CAT levels were decreased in lung tissue in IR group as compared with SM group (p < 0.05), all the alterations could be significantly reversed by Rg1 or Pro-DTC pretreatment (p < 0.05). And Rg1 and Pro-DTC also significantly attenuated the pulmonary histological abnormalities induced by IR. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rg1 potentially attenuated lung injury induced by hind-limb IR by regulating NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway.
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Duan JX, Zhou Y, Zhou AY, Guan XX, Liu T, Yang HH, Xie H, Chen P. Calcitonin gene-related peptide exerts anti-inflammatory property through regulating murine macrophages polarization in vitro. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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New Insights into the Mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Products on Diabetes: A Focus on the "Bacteria-Mucosal Immunity-Inflammation-Diabetes" Axis. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:1813086. [PMID: 29164155 PMCID: PMC5661076 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1813086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, especially type 2, has been rapidly increasing all over the world. Although many drugs have been developed and used to treat diabetes, side effects and long-term efficacy are of great challenge. Therefore, natural health product and dietary supplements have been of increasing interest alternatively. In this regard, Chinese herbs and herbal products have been considered a rich resource of product development. Although increasing evidence has been produced from various scientific studies, the mechanisms of action are lacking. Here, we have proposed that many herbal monomers and formulae improve glucose homeostasis and diabetes through the BMID axis; B represents gut microbiota, M means mucosal immunity, I represents inflammation, and D represents diabetes. Chinese herbs have been traditionally used to treat diabetes, with minimal side and toxic effects. Here, we reviewed monomers such as berberine, ginsenoside, M. charantia extract, and curcumin and herbal formulae such as Gegen Qinlian Decoction, Danggui Liuhuang Decoction, and Huanglian Wendan Decoction. This review was intended to provide new perspectives and strategies for future diabetes research and product.
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Attenuates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Inhibition of the TGF- β1/Smad Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7171404. [PMID: 29104873 PMCID: PMC5572594 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7171404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process associated with airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which leads to progressive pulmonary destruction. Panax ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine that has been shown to improve pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the main active components and was shown to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study investigated the hypothesis that ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates EMT in COPD rats induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Our data showed that CS or CSE exposure increased expression of the mesenchymal marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and decreased expression of the epithelial marker epithelial cadherin (E-cad) in both lung tissues and HBE cells, which was markedly suppressed by ginsenoside Rg1. Importantly, CS-induced upregulation of TGF-β1/Smad pathway components, including TGF-β1, TGF-βR1, phospho-Smad2, and phospho-Smad3, was also inhibited by ginsenoside Rg1. Additionally, ginsenoside Rg1 mimicked the effect of SB525334, a TGF-βR1-Smad2/3 inhibitor, on suppression of EMT in CSE-induced HBE cells. Collectively, we concluded that ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates CS-induced pulmonary EMT, in both COPD rats and HBE cells, via inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
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Qi HY, Li L, Ma H. Cellular stress response mechanisms as therapeutic targets of ginsenosides. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:625-654. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-yi Qi
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
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Li Y, Xiao J, Tan Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Deng X, Luo Y. Inhibition of PKR ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by suppressing NF-κB pathway in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:165-172. [PMID: 28511573 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1303839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by dramatic lung inflammation and alveolar epithelial cell death. Although protein kinase R (PKR) (double-stranded RNA-activated serine/threonine kinase) has been implicated in inflammatory response to bacterial cell wall components, whether it plays roles in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI remains unclear. This study was aimed to reveal whether and how PKR was involved in LPS-induced ALI pathology and the potential effects of its specific inhibitor, C16 (C13H8N4OS). During the experiment, mice received C16 (100 or 500 ug/kg) intraperitoneally 1 h before intratracheal LPS instillation. Then, whole lung lavage was collected for analysis of total protein levels and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6. The lungs were tested for Western blot, transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) stain and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that PKR phosphorylation increased significantly after LPS instillation. Furthermore, PKR specific inhibition attenuated LPS-induced lung injury (hematoxylin and eosin stain), reduced lung protein permeability (total protein levels in whole lung lavage) and suppressed proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and lung apoptosis (TUNEL stain and caspase3 activation). Moreover, mechanism-study showed that C16 significantly suppressed I kappa B kinase (IKK)/I kappa B alpha (IκBα)/NF-κB signaling pathway after LPS challenge. These findings suggested that PKR inhibition ameliorated LPS-induced lung inflammation and apoptosis in mice by suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjiao Li
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jinglei Xiao
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yongchang Tan
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jun Wang
- b Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yan Zhang
- b Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- b Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care , Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yan Luo
- a Department of Anesthesiology , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Hu X, Tian Y, Qu S, Cao Y, Li S, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Fu Y. Protective effect of TM6 on LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:572. [PMID: 28373694 PMCID: PMC5428560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute failure of the respiratory system for which effective treatment is urgently necessary. Previous studies found that several peptides potently inhibited the production of cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we synthetized a cell-permeable TIR domain-derived decoy peptide (TM6) and examined its substance for the ability to inhibit TLR signaling in the model of ALI induced by LPS. We demonstrated that TM6 (2.5, 5 and 10 nmol/g) alleviated the histological changes in the lung tissues as well as myeloperoxtidase (MPO) activity, lung W/D ratio, the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 induced by LPS. Furthermore, the numbers of total cells, neutrophils and macrophages in the BALF were suppressed by TM6. In vitro, TM6 (5, 10 and 20 µM) inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages. Moreover, the activation of Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways induced by LPS were also inhibited by TM6. Collectively, our results suggested that TM6 was an effective inhibitor of ALI induced by LPS, and this peptide may very well serve as a future treatment for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Shihui Qu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Shumin Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, P.R. China.
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, P.R. China.
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Ameliorates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Airway Fibrosis by Suppressing the TGF- β1/Smad Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6510198. [PMID: 28421197 PMCID: PMC5379083 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6510198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Small airway fibrosis is a key pathological process accompanying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and includes fibroblast/myofibroblast transdifferentiation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Ginsenoside Rg1, one of the main active ingredients of Panax ginseng, has been shown to exert an antifibrotic effect in many tissues. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism and whether ginsenoside Rg1 can exert an effect on small airway fibrosis. We investigated the anti-small airway fibrosis effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in human embryonic lung fibroblasts and in COPD rats. We found that ginsenoside Rg1 effectively reduced the degree of pulmonary fibrosis, decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, and maintained the ratio of matrix metalloproteinase 9 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1. Importantly, ginsenoside Rg1 significantly attenuated cigarette smoke extract-induced upregulation of transforming growth factor β1, TGF-β receptor I, phospho-Smad2, and phospho-Smad3. In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 mimicked the effect of SB525334, a TGF-β receptor I-Smad2/3 inhibitor. Collectively, these results suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 may suppress cigarette smoke-induced airway fibrosis in pulmonary fibroblasts and COPD rats by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Jin Y, Peng J, Wang X, Zhang D, Wang T. Ameliorative Effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cognitive Impairment: Role of Cholinergic System. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1299-1307. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Xiao J, Tan Y, Li Y, Luo Y. The Specific Protein Kinase R (PKR) Inhibitor C16 Protects Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Brain Damages by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation in a Neonatal Rat Model. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:5074-5081. [PMID: 28008894 PMCID: PMC5207129 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injuries induced by hypoxia-ischemia in neonates contribute to increased mortality and lifelong neurological dysfunction. The specific PKR inhibitor C16 has been previously demonstrated to exert a neuroprotective role in adult brain injuries. However, there is no recent study available concerning its protective role in hypoxia-ischemia-induced immature brain damage. Therefore, we investigated whether C16 protects against neonatal hypoxia-ischemia injuries in a neonatal rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Postnatal day 7 (P7) rats were used to establish classical hypoxia-ischemia animal models, and C16 postconditioning with 100 ug/kg was performed immediately after hypoxia. Western blot analysis was performed to quantify the phosphorylation of the PKR at 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and phosphorylation of NF-κB 24h after hypoxia exposure. The TTC stain for infarction area and TUNEL stain for apoptotic cells were assayed 24 h after the brain hypoxia. Gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was performed at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. RESULTS The level of PKR autophosphorylation was increased dramatically, especially at 3 h (C16 group vs. HI group, P<0.01). Intraperitoneal C16 administration reduced the infarct volume and apoptosis ratio after this insult (C16 group vs. HI group<0.01), and C16 reduced proinflammatory cytokines mRNA expression, partly through inhibiting NF-κB activation (C16 group vs. HI group<0.05). CONCLUSIONS C16 can protect immature rats against hypoxia-ischemia-induced brain damage by modulating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yongchang Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yinjiao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Li Y, Wang F, Luo Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy through beclin 1-independent autophagy in mice. J Surg Res 2016; 207:181-189. [PMID: 27979475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), a commonly complicated syndrome, is associated with increased mortality in patients with sepsis. Currently, no specific diagnostic test or effective intervention exists to improve long-term consequences on cerebral function. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a major component in ginseng, was reported to have pleiotropic properties including anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. The aim of our study was to investigate the protective effect of Rg1 on SAE and the potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS SAE model was prepared by inducing cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. Rg1 was injected 1 h before the CLP operation. Survival rate within 7 d after operation was analyzed. Surviving mice were subjected to Morris water maze tests and the brains were collected for histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry. The hippocampus was obtained for Western blot, real time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. RESULTS Rg1 improved the postoperative survival rate and protected against sepsis-associated learning and memory impairments (Morris water maze). Besides, Rg1 was able to attenuate brain histopathologic changes (hematoxylin and eosin staining), suppress Iba1 activation, decrease the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6), and reduce neuronal apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3 activation) in hippocampus. Furthermore, the mechanism study showed that Rg1 suppressed the expressions of light chain 3-II and p62 in hippocampus but not beclin 1. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that Rg1 improved the survival rate and ameliorated cognitive impairments partially through regulating cerebral inflammation and apoptosis. In addition, the action mechanism might be noncanonical beclin 1-independent autophagy pathway. Rg1 may be a promising treatment strategy for SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjiao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Chen T, Guo Q, Wang H, Zhang H, Wang C, Zhang P, Meng S, Li Y, Ji H, Yan T. Effects of esculetin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury via regulation of RhoA/Rho Kinase/NF-кB pathways in vivo and in vitro. Free Radic Res 2016; 49:1459-68. [PMID: 26514440 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1087643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of esculetin (ES) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and the lung epithelial A549 cells. Mice were intragastrically administered with ES (20 and 40 mg/kg) 1 h prior to LPS challenge. ES pretreatment at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg effectively attenuated LPS-induced lung histopathological change, myeloperoxidase or MPO activity, inflammatory cells infiltration, pulmonary wet-to-dry weight ratio, and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ES blocked the activation of NF-кB and RhoA/Rho kinase pathways in LPS-induced mice and A549 cells. The results suggested that ES exhibited protective effect on ALI and might attribute partly to the inhibition of NF-кB and RhoA/Rho kinase pathways in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province , PR China.,b Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Huimin Wang
- c School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Huixin Zhang
- c School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Ciman Wang
- c School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Ping Zhang
- c School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Shanshan Meng
- d Department of Respiratory Medicine , The Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, 130041 , China
| | - Yunman Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province , PR China.,b Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Hui Ji
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Tianhua Yan
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province , PR China.,b Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
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Mao N, Tan RZ, Wang SQ, Wei C, Shi XL, Fan JM, Wang L. Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits angiotensin II-induced podocyte autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/PI3K pathway. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:917-25. [PMID: 27296076 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent researches have reported the extensive pharmacological activities of Ginsenoside Rg1 including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Furthermore Rg1 was also shown to protect various kinds of cells from self-digestion by its anti-autophagy activity. In previous studies, angiotensin II (Ang II), a key mediator of renin-angiotensin system, has been demonstrated to contribute to the progression of renal injury including abnormal autophagy. However, whether Rg1 can relieve Ang II-induced autophagy in podocyte as well as the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we employed Ang II-treated podocyte as a model to investigate the effect of Rg1 on autophagy and the involved signal pathways. In the present study, we found that Ang II strongly promoted autophagy in immortalized mouse podocyte cells by observing the formation of autophagosomes and detecting the expression of autophagic marker, for example, LC3-II. Notably, compared to the Ang II-treated cells, treatment with Rg1 significantly inhibited the formation of autophagosomes and expression of autophagy-related proteins in Ang II pre-treated podocyte. Meanwhile, Rg1 downregulated the activity of AMPK and GSK-3β and upregulated the activity of P70S6K in Ang II-treated podocyte. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that Ang II promotes autophagy in podocyte, and Rg1 effectively attenuates this process through AMPK/mTOR/PI3K pathway, suggesting that Rg1 may be beneficial to alleviate podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Tan
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shao-Qing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xin-Li Shi
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Jun-Ming Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
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