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Wei J, Liu Z, Sun H, Xu L. Perillaldehyde ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via suppressing the cGAS/STING signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111641. [PMID: 38368770 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common life-threatening illness characterized by a lung inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and effective agent therapies are currently lacking. mtDNA can be recognized by cGAS/STING, the dysregulation of which leads to inflammatory diseases, such as ALI. Perillaldehyde(PAH), one of the major active components of traditional Chinese medicine made from Perilla frutescens, has antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to explore whether PAH can protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and whether its protective effect is exerted through the regulation of cGAS/STING signaling. We found that PAH significantly inhibited lung histological changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. Moreover, PAH inhibited LPS-induced oxidative stress, as shown by the deceases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione(GSH) levels and increased in malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. In addition, PAH markedly downregulated the expression of cGAS, STING, p-TBK, p-IRF3, p-P65, and p-IκB, and pharmacological inhibition of cGAS/STING inhibited ALI- induced by LPS. Furthermore, the levels of mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and mtDNA were increased, and cGAS/STING-mediated IRF3/NF-κB signaling was activated during the inflammatory response- induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, pretreatment with the STING activator partially abolished the inhibitory effect of PAH on the inflammation and activation of STING-mediated IRF3/NF-κB signaling induced by LPS. Overall, the results revealed that PAH can effectively alleviate ALI by inhibiting cGAS/STING-mediated IRF3/NF-κB signaling, and that PAH may be a potential candidate agent for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wei
- Department of Respiratory, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Zhengjia Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Erdao District, 126 Sendai Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China.
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Huang Q, Le Y, Li S, Bian Y. Signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Respir Res 2024; 25:30. [PMID: 38218783 PMCID: PMC10788036 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common condition associated with critically ill patients, characterized by bilateral chest radiographical opacities with refractory hypoxemia due to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite significant advances, the mortality of ARDS remains unacceptably high, and there are still no effective targeted pharmacotherapeutic agents. With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 worldwide, the mortality of ARDS has increased correspondingly. Comprehending the pathophysiology and the underlying molecular mechanisms of ARDS may thus be essential to developing effective therapeutic strategies and reducing mortality. To facilitate further understanding of its pathogenesis and exploring novel therapeutics, this review provides comprehensive information of ARDS from pathophysiology to molecular mechanisms and presents targeted therapeutics. We first describe the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ARDS that involve dysregulated inflammation, alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction, impaired alveolar fluid clearance and oxidative stress. Next, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to the above four aspects of ARDS pathophysiology, along with the latest research progress. Finally, we discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies that show exciting promise in ARDS, including several pharmacologic therapies, microRNA-based therapies and mesenchymal stromal cell therapies, highlighting the pathophysiological basis and the influences on signal transduction pathways for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Le
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge, Hunan Road, Gu Lou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shusheng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yi Bian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Patangrao Renushe A, Kumar Banothu A, Kumar Bharani K, Mekala L, Mahesh Kumar J, Neeradi D, Durga Veera Hanuman D, Gadige A, Khurana A. Vincamine, an active constituent of Vinca rosea ameliorates experimentally induced acute lung injury in Swiss albino mice through modulation of Nrf-2/NF-κB signaling cascade. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108773. [PMID: 35453074 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the leading pulmonary inflammatory disorders causing significant morbidity and mortality. Vincamine is a novel phytochemical with promising anti-inflammatory properties. In the current work, the protective effect of vincamine was studied in vitro (Raw 264.7 macrophages) and in vivo against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI in Swiss albino mice. Vincamine significantly reduced nitrite and TNF-α release from the LPS stimulated macrophages and increased the levels of IL-10, indicating potent anti-inflammatory effects. It was observed that vincamine at the dose of 40 mg/kg, significantly reduced LPS induced inflammatory cell count in blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Further, vincamine exerted potent suppression of inflammation by reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, while significantly increased (p < 0.001) the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10 and IL-22). Interestingly, histological changes were reversed in vincamine treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly enhanced expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and COX-2 while reduced expression of Nrf-2 in disease control group, which were significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated by vincamine. We, to the best of our knowledge, report for the first time that vincamine possesses protective potential against LPS induced inflammation and oxidative stress, possibly by inhibiting the NF-κB cascade, while positively regulating the Nrf-2 pathway. These findings are of potential relevance for COVID-19 management concerning the fact that lung injury and ARDS are its critical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshata Patangrao Renushe
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Banothu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India.
| | - Kala Kumar Bharani
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Warangal - 506166, Telangana, India
| | - Lakshman Mekala
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- Animal House, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad - 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Dinesh Neeradi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Donga Durga Veera Hanuman
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Ambica Gadige
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Warangal - 506166, Telangana, India; Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India.
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Abstract
We elaborated a convenient one-step approach for the synthesis of previously unknown 2-(5-acetyl-7-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran-3-yl)acetic acid. The suggested protocol includes the multicomponent reaction of acetovanillone, 4-methoxyphenylglyoxal and Meldrum’s acid. We have demonstrated that the considered reaction is a one-pot telescoped process including the preliminary condensation of the components in MeCN followed by acid-catalyzed cyclization. The structure of the synthesized product was confirmed by 1H, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass-spectrometry.
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Ozdemir R, Gokce IK, Tekin S, Cetin Taslidere A, Turgut H, Tanbek K, Gul CC, Deveci MF, Aslan M. The protective effects of apocynin in hyperoxic lung injury in neonatal rats. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:109-121. [PMID: 34581514 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM Inflammation and oxidate stress are significant factors in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of apocynin (APO), an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic drug, in the prophylaxis of neonatal hyperoxic lung injury. METHOD This experimental study included 40 neonatal rats divided into the control, APO, BPD, and BPD + APO groups. The control and APO groups were kept in a normal room environment, while the BPD and BPD + APO groups were kept in a hyperoxic environment. The rats in the APO and BPD + APO groups were administered intraperitoneal APO, while the control and BPD rats were administered ordinary saline. At the end of the trial, lung tissue was evaluated with respect to the degree of histopathological injury, apoptosis, oxidant and antioxidant capacity, and severity of inflammation. RESULT The BPD and BPD + APO groups exhibited higher mean histopathological injury and alveolar macrophage scores compared to the control and APO groups. Both scores were lower in the BPD + APO group in comparison to the BPD group. The BPD + APO group had a significantly lower average of TUNEL positive cells than the BPD group. The lung tissue examination indicated significantly higher levels of mean malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the BPD group compared to the control and APO groups. While the TNF-α and IL-1β levels of the BPD + APO group were similar to that of the control group, the MDA and TOS levels were higher compared to the controls and lower compared to the BPD group. The BPD group demonstrated significantly lower levels/activities of mean total antioxidant status, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase in comparison to the control and APO groups. While the mean antioxidant enzyme activity of the BPD + APO group was lower than the control group, it was significantly higher compared to the BPD group. CONCLUSION This is the first study in the literature to reveal through an experimental neonatal hyperoxic lung injury that APO, an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic drug, exhibits protective properties against the development of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Ozdemir
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ismail Kursat Gokce
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Suat Tekin
- Department of Physiology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Asli Cetin Taslidere
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Turgut
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Kevser Tanbek
- Department of Physiology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cemile Ceren Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Deveci
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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Inhibition of Peroxiredoxin 6 PLA2 Activity Decreases Oxidative Stress and the Severity of Acute Lung Injury in the Mouse Cecal Ligation and Puncture Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111676. [PMID: 34829547 PMCID: PMC8615065 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of agents to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been proposed for the treatment of Acute Lung Injury (ALI). However, this approach also inhibits the bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and other cells, raising the possibility of aggravating lung injury in ALI associated with bacterial infection. We used the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of ALI associated with sepsis to investigate the effect of inhibiting NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-derived ROS production, the main source of ROS in lungs. A phospholipase A2 inhibitor called peroxiredoxin 6 inhibitory peptide-2 (PIP-2) was used to inhibit NOX2 activation; the peptide prevents liberation of Rac, a necessary NOX2 co-factor. At 18 h after intravenous treatment with 2 µg PIP-2 /gram body weight (wt), the number of colony-forming bacteria in lungs and peritoneal fluid of mice with CLP was approximately doubled as compared to untreated mice. Treatment with 10 µg PIP-2/g body wt resulted in 100% mortality within 18 h. Antibiotic treatment abolished both the increase in lung bacteria with low dose PIP-2 and the increased mortality with high dose PIP-2. Treatment with PIP-2 plus antibiotics resulted in significantly improved lung histology, decreased PMN infiltration, decreased lung fluid accumulation, and decreased oxidative lung injury compared to antibiotics alone. We conclude that the administration of PIP-2 provides partial protection against lung injury in a model of ALI due to bacterial infection, while concurrent antibiotic treatment abolishes the deleterious effects of PIP-2 on lung bacterial clearance. These results suggest that addition of PIP-2 to the antibiotic regimen is beneficial for treatment of ALI associated with bacterial infection.
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Ni P, Liu YQ, Man JY, Li W, Xue SS, Lu TH, Su ZL, Zhou CL. C16, a novel sinomenine derivatives, promoted macrophage reprogramming toward M2-like phenotype and protected mice from endotoxemia. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211026786. [PMID: 34190613 PMCID: PMC8256249 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211026786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage plays a critical part in host defense, tissue repair, and
anti-inflammation; Macrophage reprogramming is responsible for disease
development or regression. We aimed to clarify the effect of
sinomenine-4-hydroxy-palmitate (C16), on macrophage reprogramming and
anti-inflammatory in endotoxemia model. According to a structure modification of
SIN (Sinomenine), C16 was found. Then, based on the endotoxin model, the mice
liver and kidney toxicity was evaluated and serum cytokines level of IL-6
(Interleukin-6), TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-α), and IL-1β (Interleukin-1β)
were measured by ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Then, we confirmed
the effect of C16 on macrophages reprogramming, we used the flow cytometry to
test the effect of C16 on macrophages apoptosis in vitro. Then, iNOS (Inducible
nitric oxide synthase), M1-type related cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and
M2-type related cytokines, such as Arg-1 (Arginase-1), CD206, Fizz1, and Ym1 was
detected, which expressed in ANA-1 and primary peritoneal macrophages. To
further explore the molecular mechanism of C16 in reprogramming of macrophages
from M1 toward M2 phenotype, the expression of STAT1 (signal transducer and
activator of Transcription 1), STAT3, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal regulated
kinase1/2), AKT, p38, and its corresponding phosphorylation were determined by
western blot. Our results demonstrated that C16 improved the survival rate of
LPS- (lipopolysaccharide) challenged mice and decreased the inflammatory
cytokines expression; After C16 treatment, the expression of M1 phenotype
correlation factors decreased significantly, while the expression of M2
phenotype correlation factors increased significantly at different levels
compared with normal group. It indicated that C16 reprogram macrophages
phenotype from M1 toward M2 following LPS stimulus. Furthermore, the results
also showed that C16 showed anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting LPS-induced
p38, AKT and STAT1 phosphorylation and contributing ERK1/2 activation. C16
promoted macrophage reprogramming toward M2-like phenotype via p-p38/p-AKT or
STAT1 signals pathway and C16 might be a valid candidate for inflammatory
disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ni
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Qin Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Yu Man
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Li
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Tao-Hong Lu
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao-Liang Su
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Abd El-Ghafar OAM, Hassanein EHM, Sayed AM, Rashwan EK, Shalkami AGS, Mahmoud AM. Acetovanillone prevents cyclophosphamide-induced acute lung injury by modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Nrf2 signaling in rats. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4499-4510. [PMID: 33969557 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a medication used as an anticancer drug and to suppress the immune system. However, its clinical applications are restricted because of the toxic and adverse side effects. The present study investigated the protective effect of acetovanillone (AV), a natural NADPH oxidase inhibitor, against acute lung injury (ALI) induced by CP. Rats were administered AV (100 mg/kg) for 10 days and a single injection of CP (200 mg/kg) at day 7. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and lung samples were collected for analyses. CP caused ALI manifested by the histopathological alterations. Lipid peroxidation and NADPH oxidase activity were increased, whereas GSH and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in the lung of CP-intoxicated rats. Oral administration of AV prevented CP-induced lung injury and oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant defenses. AV downregulated Keap1 and upregulated Nrf2, GCLC, HO-1, and SOD3 mRNA. In addition, AV boosted the expression of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and cytoglobin. In vitro, AV showed a synergistic anticancer effect when combined with CP. In conclusion, AV protected against CP-induced ALI by attenuating oxidative stress and boosting Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Therefore, AV might represent a promising adjuvant to prevent lung injury in patients receiving CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia A M Abd El-Ghafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Eman K Rashwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.,Biotechnology Department, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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9
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Gao H, Yang T, Chen X, Song Y. Changes of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney and Liver Injuries in Rats Based on Metabolomics Analysis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1807-1825. [PMID: 33986608 PMCID: PMC8110281 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s306789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was the classic inducer to establish many inflammatory disease models, especially multiple organ injury. Evidences indicated that the mechanism that causes inflammation response is not just related to cytokine release. The main aim of this study was to better elucidate the possible links between metabolic changes and the pathogenesis of LPS-induced acute liver and kidney in order to understand the mechanisms and screening therapeutic targets for developing early diagnostic strategies and treatments. Methods An experimental rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg LPS. An untargeted metabolomics analysis of the serum in the LPS and control groups was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOF-MS). LPS-induced pathological damage in the lungs, liver, kidneys, and colon was observed, along with changes in biochemical indexes, indicating that there was a severe inflammatory response in many organs after administration of LPS for 8 h. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed distinct separation in the serum metabolite profiles between the LPS and control groups, indicating significant changes in endogenous metabolites. Results The untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that there were 127 significantly different serum metabolites and 53 altered pathways after LPS administration, including pathways related to the metabolism of D-glutamine and D-glutamate, taurine and hypotaurine, beta-alanine, glutathione, and butanoate, which are involved in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and amino acid metabolism. Conclusion The study suggested that LPS-induced acute liver and kidney injury mainly involves inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and protein synthesis, finally causing multi-organ damage. Correcting the disturbances to the metabolites and metabolic pathways may help to prevent and/or treat LPS-induced acute liver and kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Houde Food Co., Ltd, Liaoyuan, 136200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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Wieczfinska J, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Skała E, Pawliczak R. The Anti-inflammatory Potential of Selected Plant-derived Compounds in Respiratory Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:2876-2884. [PMID: 32250214 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406093257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in chronic airway diseases like asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the worsening of the lung function resulting in worsening symptoms. The inflammatory process is very complexed, therefore the strategies for developing an effective treatment for inflammatory airway diseases would benefit from the use of natural substances. Plant products have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties on various lung disease models and numerous natural plant agents have successfully been used to treat inflammation. Naturally occurring substances may exert some anti-inflammatory effects by modulating some of the inflammatory pathways. These agents have been used in different cultures for thousands of years and have proven to be relatively safe. Parthenolide, apocynin, proanthocyanidins, and boswellic acid present different mechanisms of actions - among others, through NF-kB or NADPH oxidase inhibition, therefore showing a wide range of applications in various inflammatory diseases. Moreover, some of them have also antioxidant properties. This review provides an overview of the anti-inflammatory effects of some of the natural agents and illustrates their great potential as sources of drugs to cover an extensive range of pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Przemyslaw Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, S. Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Skała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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11
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Sha H, Ma Y, Tong Y, Zhao J, Qin F. Apocynin inhibits placental TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and ameliorates preeclampsia-like symptoms in rats. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 22:210-215. [PMID: 33099123 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the potency of apocynin in ameliorating preeclampsia and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Preeclampsia model was constructed in rats by administering 200 mg/kg/day L-NAME. Apocynin was given orally in drinking water. Systolic blood pressure and proteinuria were monitored during treatment. Survival rate rate of the pups and placental weight were assessed. Serum sFlt-1, PIGF, IL-6 and placental TLR4 levels were measured using ELISA or qRT-PCR. RESULTS Apocynin dose-dependently decreased systolic blood pressure and proteinuria during gestation. Survival rate of the pups and placental weight were improved by apocynin treatment. Apocynin ameliorated the imbalance of sFlt-1 and PIGF in serum and placenta of rats with preeclampsia. Apocynin attenuated serum inflammatory cytokine expression and placental inflammation most likely due to downregulation of the placental TLR4/NF-kB pathway in L-NAME treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Apocynin potently ameliorates the L-NAME-induced preeclampsia, which is achieved by re-balancing the sFlt-1 and PIGF levels, attenuating inflammation, and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Mudan District, Heze 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Yanchao Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Mudan District, Heze 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuli Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Mudan District, Heze 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Mudan District, Heze 274000, Shandong, China
| | - Fengzhi Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Mudan District, Heze 274000, Shandong, China.
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Puri G, Naura AS. Critical role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in acid aspiration induced ALI in mice. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:266-274. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1710888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Puri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amarjit S. Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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A Peptide Inhibitor of NADPH Oxidase (NOX2) Activation Markedly Decreases Mouse Lung Injury and Mortality Following Administration of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102395. [PMID: 31096551 PMCID: PMC6566262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously derived three related peptides, based on a nine-amino acid sequence in human or rat/mouse surfactant protein A, that inhibit the phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) and prevent the activation of lung NADPH oxidase (type 2). The present study evaluated the effect of these Prdx6-inhibitory peptides (PIP) in a mouse (C57Bl/6) model of acute lung injury following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. All three peptides (PIP-1, 2 and 3) similarly inhibited the production of reactive O2 species (ROS) in isolated mouse lungs as detected by the oxidation of Amplex red. PIP-2 inhibited both the increased phospholipase A2 activity of Prdx6 and lung reactive oxygen species (ROS) production following treatment of mice with intratracheal LPS (5 µg/g body wt.). Pre-treatment of mice with PIP-2 prevented LPS-mediated lung injury while treatment with PIP-2 at 12 or 16 h after LPS administration led to reversal of lung injury when evaluated 12 or 8 h later, respectively. With a higher dose of LPS (15 µg/g body wt.), mortality was 100% at 48 h in untreated mice but only 28% in mice that were treated at 12-24 h intervals, with PIP-2 beginning at 12 h after LPS administration. Treatment with PIP-2 also markedly decreased mortality after intraperitoneal LPS (15 µg/g body wt.), used as a model of sepsis. This study shows the dramatic effectiveness of a peptide inhibitor of Prdx6 against lung injury and mouse mortality in LPS models. We propose that the PIP nonapeptides may be a useful modality to prevent or to treat human ALI.
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Lee SA, Lee SH, Kim JY, Lee WS. Effects of glycyrrhizin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in a mouse model. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:1287-1302. [PMID: 31179071 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.04.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are serious clinical disease entities characterized by inflammatory pulmonary edema, which lead to acute hypoxic respiratory failure through various etiologies. According to the studies to date, ALI/ARDS has been recognized as a form of multiorgan failure related to overactive immune response, and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines released from activated inflammatory cells are considered to play a key role in the development of ALI. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is an extractive component derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), which has recently been reported to have various pharmacological effects like anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hepato-protective, and anti-viral activities. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effect of GL in ALI is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate therapeutic effects of GL on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in a mouse model and to elucidate explicable mechanisms involved. Methods A total of 36 BALB/c mice (6-week-old, 27.7±1.9-gram body weight) were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (normal saline was administered intravenously, n=10), the LPS group (LPS 50 mg/kg was intraperitoneally administered, n=13), and the LPS + GL group (GL was administered intravenously immediately and 12 hours after LPS injection, n=13). Mice were sacrificed after 24 hours, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for the estimation of protein content, inflammatory cell counts, proinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Then, the lungs were excised for molecular target, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. Results Compared to the LPS group, GL significantly decreased protein content, inflammatory cell counts, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, MPO activity, and expressions of COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB in the LPS + GL group. GL attenuated migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells, showing a marked decrease in CD 11b-positive cells (26.77%±0.83% vs. 41.77%±0.81% vs. 23.23%±1.92%, P<0.05) as well as CXCR4-/CXCR1-positive cells (CXCR4: 37.23%±1.00% vs. 59.37%±2.37% vs. 47.45%±4.36%; CXCR1: 32.10%±1.56% vs. 47.03%±1.99% vs. 21.70%±6.50%; all P<0.05) in the control, LPS, and LPS + GL groups. Additionally, immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) was inhibited by GL. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that GL may have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on LPS-induced ALI in mice. GL inhibited proinflammatory cytokines playing a key role in the initial phase of inflammatory response, which suggests that inhibition of the TLR-4/NF-κB signal pathway would be a possible mechanism underlying the action of GL. Thus, GL can be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Am Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Woo Surng Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju-si, Chungbuk, Korea
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Kim SK, Rho SJ, Kim SH, Kim SY, Song SH, Yoo JY, Kim CH, Lee SH. Protective effects of diphenyleneiodonium, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 46:153-162. [PMID: 30403294 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (NOX) plays an important role in inflammatory response by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The inhibition of NOX has been shown to induce anti-inflammatory effects in a few experimental models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a NOX inhibitor, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in a rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administered by DPI (5 mg/kg) 30 minutes after intratracheal instillation of LPS (3 mg/kg). After 6 hours, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected. The NOX activity in lung tissue was significantly increased in LPS-treated rats. It was significantly attenuated by DPI. DPI-treated rats showed significant reduction in the intracellular ROS, the number of inflammatory cells, and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in BALF compared with LPS-treated rats. In lung tissue, DPI-treated rats showed significantly decreased malondialdehyde content and increased activity of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase compared with LPS-treated rats. Lung injury score, myeloperoxidase activity, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression were significantly decreased in DPI-treated rats compared with LPS-treated animals. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that DPI significantly suppressed LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2 and SAPK/JNK in MAPK pathway. Our results suggest that DPI may have protective effects on LPS-induced ALI thorough anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects which may be due to inactivation of the NF-κB, ERK1/2, and SAPK/JNK pathway. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of DPI as an anti-inflammatory agent in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyoung Kim
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Rho
- Research Institute of Medical Science, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Kim
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Shin Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - So Hyang Song
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Young Yoo
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chi Hong Kim
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Haak Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
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Mu S, Liu Y, Jiang J, Ding R, Li X, Li X, Ma X. Unfractionated heparin ameliorates pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction via microtubule stabilization in acute lung injury. Respir Res 2018; 19:220. [PMID: 30442128 PMCID: PMC6238311 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial barrier dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI). Microtubule (MT) dynamics in vascular endothelium are crucial for the regulation of endothelial barrier function. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) possesses various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory activity and endothelial barrier protection during sepsis. Methods Here, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of UFH on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. C57BL/6 J mice were randomized into vehicle, UFH, LPS and LPS + UFH groups. Intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg LPS was used to induce sepsis. Mice in the LPS + UFH group received intravenous UFH 0.5 h prior to LPS injection. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were cultured for analyzing the effects of UFH on LPS-induced and nocodazole-induced hyperpermeability, F-actin remodeling, and LPS-induced p38 MAPK activation. Results UFH pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced pulmonary histopathological changes, and increased the lung W/D ratio and Evans blue accumulation in vivo. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that UFH pretreatment blocked the LPS-induced increase in guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF-H1) expression and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) phosphorylation, and microtubule (MT) disassembly in LPS-induced ALI mouse model and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). These results suggested that UFH ameliorated LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction by inhibiting MT disassembly and GEF-H1 expression. In addition, UFH attenuated LPS-induced hyperpermeability of HPMECs and F-actin remodeling. In vitro, UFH pretreatment inhibited LPS-induced increase in monomeric tubulin expression and decrease in tubulin polymerization and acetylation. Meanwhile, UFH ameliorates nocodazole-induced MTs disassembly and endothelial barrier dysfunction.Additionally, UFH decreased p38 phosphorylation and activation, which was similar to the effect of the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. Conclusions UFH exert its protective effects on pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction via microtubule stabilization and is associated with the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtian Mu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 92 Bei-er Road, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yina Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 92 Bei-er Road, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 92 Bei-er Road, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyu Ding
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 92 Bei-er Road, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 92 Bei-er Road, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 92 Bei-er Road, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 92 Bei-er Road, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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El-Awady MS, Said E, Baraka HN. Acylated catalpol diglycoside ameliorates lipopolysaccharides-induced acute lung injury through inhibition of iNOS and TNF-α expression. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22214. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University; Almadinah Almonawarah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Hany N. Baraka
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Sciences and Technology; Gamasa Egypt
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Huang L, Zhu J, Zheng M, Zou R, Zhou Y, Zhu M. Tanshinone IIA protects against subclinical lipopolysaccharide induced cardiac fibrosis in mice through inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 60:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kellner M, Noonepalle S, Lu Q, Srivastava A, Zemskov E, Black SM. ROS Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:105-137. [PMID: 29047084 PMCID: PMC7120947 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role for the maintenance of cellular processes and functions in the body. However, the excessive generation of oxygen radicals under pathological conditions such as acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leads to increased endothelial permeability. Within this hallmark of ALI and ARDS, vascular microvessels lose their junctional integrity and show increased myosin contractions that promote the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the transition of solutes and fluids in the alveolar lumen. These processes all have a redox component, and this chapter focuses on the role played by ROS during the development of ALI/ARDS. We discuss the origins of ROS within the cell, cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative damage, the role of ROS in the development of endothelial permeability, and potential therapies targeted at oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Kellner
- Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Satish Noonepalle
- Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Anup Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Evgeny Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
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Cumaoğlu A, Karatoprak GŞ, Yerer MB, Koşar M. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. Extracts in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Macrophages. Turk J Pharm Sci 2018; 15:107-115. [PMID: 32454648 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.86580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. and Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew. root extracts compared with the effects of commercial Pelargonium sidoides root extract by production of pro-inflammatory substances and inflammatory signal transduction on LPS-stimulated macrophages. Materials and Methods To measure the effects of root extracts on pro-inflammatory mediators, we used the following methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (cell viability or cytotoxcicity), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cytokine production, prostoglandin E2 production), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (COX-2, iNOS mRNA), Western blotting analysis [MAPK activation and NF-κB (p65) traslocation] and the Griess reaction (NO production). Results Stimulation of the RAW 264.7 cells with LPS (0.5 µg/mL, 6 hrs treatment) caused an elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), increased mRNA expression of COX-2 and inducible NO synthase with release of PGE2 and NO, activated MAPK (phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, P38) signalling pathway, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65), which were markedly inhibited by the pre-treatment with 11% ethanol and 70% methanol root extracts of P. endlicherianum without causing any cytotoxic effects. P. quercetorum root extract only decreased TNF-α production and P. sidoides root extract alleviated P38/MAPK activation and COX-2 mRNA expression with PGE2 production. Conclusion Our data indicate that especially 11% ethanol root extract of P. endlicherianum targets the inflammatory response of macrophages via inhibition of COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α through inactivation of the NF-κB signalling pathway, supporting the pharmacologic basis of P. endlicherianum as a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammation and its associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cumaoğlu
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Mükerrem Betül Yerer
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Müberra Koşar
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Kayseri, Turkey
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Bhatt NP, Park JY, Lee HJ, Kim SS, Kwon YS, Chun W. Apocynin protects mesangial cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by exerting heme oxygenase 1-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 suppression. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1294-1301. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Myricitrin Modulates NADPH Oxidase-Dependent ROS Production to Inhibit Endotoxin-Mediated Inflammation by Blocking the JAK/STAT1 and NOX2/p47 phox Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9738745. [PMID: 28751937 PMCID: PMC5496130 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9738745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myricitrin, a naturally occurring polyphenol hydroxy flavonoid, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, the precise molecular mechanism of myricitrin's effects on LPS-induced inflammation is unclear. In the present study, myricitrin significantly alleviated acute lung injury in mice. Myricitrin also markedly suppressed the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The inhibition of NO was concomitant with a decrease in the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS. The phosphorylation of JAKs and STAT-1 was abrogated by myricitrin. Furthermore, myricitrin inhibited the nuclear transfer and DNA binding activity of STAT1. The JAK-specific inhibitor ruxolitinib simulated the anti-inflammatory effect of myricitrin. However, myricitrin had no impact on the MAPK signalling pathway. Myricitrin attenuated the generation of intracellular ROS by inhibiting the assembly of components of the gp91phox and p47phox. Suppression of ROS generation using NAC or apocynin or by silencing gp91phox and p47phox all demonstrated that decreasing the level of ROS inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response. Collectively, these results confirmed that myricitrin exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by blocking the activation of JAKs and the downstream transcription factor STAT1, which may result from the downregulation of NOX2-dependent ROS production mediated by myricitrin.
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Apocynin suppressed the nuclear factor-κB pathway and attenuated lung injury in a rat hemorrhagic shock model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 82:566-574. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abdelrahman RS. Protective effect of apocynin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:27-37. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327116689716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RS Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Trapa japonica Pericarp Extract Reduces LPS-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages and Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Molecules 2016; 21:392. [PMID: 27007369 PMCID: PMC6273097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we found that chloroform fraction (CF) from TJP ethanolic extract inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and intracellular ROS in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes was reduced, as evidenced by western blot. Our results indicate that CF exerts anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating expression of iNOS and COX-2 genes through inhibition of MAPK (ERK, JNK and p38) and NF-κB signaling. Similarly we also evaluated the effects of CF on LPS-induced acute lung injury. Male Balb/c mice were pretreated with dexamethasone or CF 1 h before intranasal instillation of LPS. Eight hours after LPS administration, the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. The results indicated that CF inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 production in a dose dependent manner. It was also observed that CF attenuated LPS-induced lung histopathologic changes. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the protective effect of CF on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice might relate to the suppression of excessive inflammatory responses in lung tissue. Thus, it can be suggested that CF might be a potential therapeutic agent for ALI.
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