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Karunakaran B, Gupta R, Patel P, Salave S, Sharma A, Desai D, Benival D, Kommineni N. Emerging Trends in Lipid-Based Vaccine Delivery: A Special Focus on Developmental Strategies, Fabrication Methods, and Applications. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030661. [PMID: 36992244 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based vaccine delivery systems such as the conventional liposomes, virosomes, bilosomes, vesosomes, pH-fusogenic liposomes, transferosomes, immuno-liposomes, ethosomes, and lipid nanoparticles have gained a remarkable interest in vaccine delivery due to their ability to render antigens in vesicular structures, that in turn prevents its enzymatic degradation in vivo. The particulate form of lipid-based nanocarriers confers immunostimulatory potential, making them ideal antigen carriers. Facilitation in the uptake of antigen-loaded nanocarriers, by the antigen-presenting cells and its subsequent presentation through the major histocompatibility complex molecules, leads to the activation of a cascade of immune responses. Further, such nanocarriers can be tailored to achieve the desired characteristics such as charge, size, size distribution, entrapment, and site-specificity through modifications in the composition of lipids and the selection of the appropriate method of preparation. This ultimately adds to its versatility as an effective vaccine delivery carrier. The current review focuses on the various lipid-based carriers that have been investigated to date as potential vaccine delivery systems, the factors that affect their efficacy, and their various methods of preparation. The emerging trends in lipid-based mRNA vaccines and lipid-based DNA vaccines have also been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Karunakaran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Raghav Gupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Pranav Patel
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Dhruv Desai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Derajram Benival
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
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Lipid nanoparticles technology in vaccines: Shaping the future of prophylactic medicine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113111. [PMID: 36586237 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Throughout decades, the intrinsic power of the immune system to fight pathogens has inspired researchers to develop techniques that enable the prevention or treatment of infections via boosting the immune response against the target pathogens, which has led to the evolution of vaccines. The recruitment of Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as either vaccine delivery platforms or immunogenic modalities has witnessed a breakthrough recently, which has been crowned with the development of effective LNPs-based vaccines against COVID-19. In the current article, we discuss some principles of such a technology, with a special focus on the technical aspects from a translational perspective. Representative examples of LNPs-based vaccines against cancer, COVID-19, as well as other infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and allergies are highlighted, considering the challenges and promises. Lastly, the key features that can improve the clinical translation of this area of endeavor are inspired.
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Azharuddin M, Zhu GH, Sengupta A, Hinkula J, Slater NKH, Patra HK. Nano toolbox in immune modulation and nanovaccines. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1195-1212. [PMID: 35450779 PMCID: PMC10439010 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great success of vaccines over two centuries, the conventional strategy is based on attenuated/altered microorganisms. However, this is not effective for all microbes and often fails to elicit a protective immune response, and sometimes poses unexpected safety risks. The expanding nano toolbox may overcome some of the roadblocks in vaccine development given the plethora of unique nanoparticle (NP)-based platforms that can successfully induce specific immune responses leading to exciting and novel solutions. Nanovaccines necessitate a thorough understanding of the immunostimulatory effect of these nanotools. We present a comprehensive description of strategies in which nanotools have been used to elicit an immune response and provide a perspective on how nanotechnology can lead to future personalized nanovaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azharuddin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Geyunjian Harry Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anirban Sengupta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jorma Hinkula
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nigel K H Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hirak K Patra
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, UK.
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Masjedi M, Montahaei T, Sharafi Z, Jalali A. Pulmonary vaccine delivery: An emerging strategy for vaccination and immunotherapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Tang W, Zhang Y, Zhu G. Pulmonary delivery of mucosal nanovaccines. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:263-276. [PMID: 34918733 PMCID: PMC8734613 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06512b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal vaccination can elicit both systemic and mucosal immunity, and therefore has the potential to not only treat mucosal immune diseases, prevent the pathogen infection at the mucosal entry sites, but also treat distant or systemic immune disorders. However, only a few mucosal vaccines have been approved for human use in the clinic. Effective mucosal immunization requires the delivery of immunogenic agents to appropriate mucosal surfaces, which remains significantly challenging due to the essential biological barriers presenting at mucosal tissues. In the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in the development of pulmonary mucosal nanovaccines. The nanovaccines leverage advanced nanoparticle-based pulmonary delivery technologies on the characteristics of large surface area and rich antigen presentation cell environment of the lungs for triggering robust immune protection against various mucosal diseases. Herein, we review current methods and formulations of pulmonary delivery, discuss the design strategies of mucosal nanovaccines for potent and long-lasting immune responses, and highlight recent advances in the application of lipid-based pulmonary nanovaccines against mucosal diseases. These advances promise to accelerate the development of novel mucosal nanovaccines for the prophylaxis and therapy of infectious diseases, and cancer, as well as autoimmune disorders at mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Science and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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6
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Pahlavanneshan S, Sayadmanesh A, Ebrahimiyan H, Basiri M. Toll-Like Receptor-Based Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9912188. [PMID: 34124272 PMCID: PMC8166496 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9912188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed and play multiple functional roles in a variety of immune cell types involved in tumor immunity. There are plenty of data on the pharmacological targeting of TLR signaling using agonist molecules that boost the antitumor immune response. A recent body of research has also demonstrated promising strategies for improving the cell-based immunotherapy methods by inducing TLR signaling. These strategies include systemic administration of TLR antagonist along with immune cell transfer and also genetic engineering of the immune cells using TLR signaling components to improve the function of genetically engineered immune cells such as chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Here, we explore the current status of the cancer immunotherapy approaches based on manipulation of TLR signaling to provide a perspective of the underlying rationales and potential clinical applications. Altogether, reviewed publications suggest that TLRs make a potential target for the immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Pahlavanneshan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sayadmanesh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Ebrahimiyan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Mucosal surfaces represent important routes of entry into the human body for the majority of pathogens, and they constitute unique sites for targeted vaccine delivery. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are emerging technologies for delivering and improving the efficacy of mucosal vaccines. Recent studies have provided new insights into formulation and delivery aspects of importance for the design of safe and efficacious mucosal subunit vaccines based on nanoparticles. These include novel nanomaterials, their physicochemical properties and formulation approaches, nanoparticle interaction with immune cells in the mucosa, and mucosal immunization and delivery strategies. Here, we present recent progress in the application of nanoparticle-based approaches for mucosal vaccine delivery and discuss future research challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Vijayan V, Mohapatra A, Uthaman S, Park IK. Recent Advances in Nanovaccines Using Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Materials. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E534. [PMID: 31615112 PMCID: PMC6835828 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines plays a vital role in the effective control of several fatal diseases. However, effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines have yet to be developed for completely curing deadly diseases, such as cancer, malaria, HIV, and serious microbial infections. Thus, suitable vaccine candidates need to be designed to elicit appropriate immune responses. Nanotechnology has been found to play a unique role in the design of vaccines, providing them with enhanced specificity and potency. Nano-scaled materials, such as virus-like particles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and protein NPs, have received considerable attention over the past decade as potential carriers for the delivery of vaccine antigens and adjuvants, due to their beneficial advantages, like improved antigen stability, targeted delivery, and long-time release, for which antigens/adjuvants are either encapsulated within, or decorated on, the NP surface. Flexibility in the design of nanomedicine allows for the programming of immune responses, thereby addressing the many challenges encountered in vaccine development. Biomimetic NPs have emerged as innovative natural mimicking biosystems that can be used for a wide range of biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in biomimetic nanovaccines, and their use in anti-bacterial therapy, anti-HIV therapy, anti-malarial therapy, anti-melittin therapy, and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Vijayan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea.
| | - Adityanarayan Mohapatra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea.
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea.
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Bajracharya R, Song JG, Back SY, Han HK. Recent Advancements in Non-Invasive Formulations for Protein Drug Delivery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1290-1308. [PMID: 31921395 PMCID: PMC6944732 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in biotechnology and protein engineering expand the availability of various therapeutic proteins including vaccines, antibodies, hormones, and growth factors. In addition, protein drugs hold many therapeutic advantages over small synthetic drugs in terms of high specificity and activity. This has led to further R&D investment in protein-based drug products and an increased number of drug approvals for therapeutic proteins. However, there are many biological and biopharmaceutical obstacles inherent to protein drugs including physicochemical and enzymatic destabilization, which limit their development and clinical application. Therefore, effective formulations of therapeutic proteins are needed to overcome the various physicochemical and biological barriers. In current medical practice, protein drugs are predominantly available in injectable formulations, which have disadvantages including pain, the possibility of infection, high cost, and low patient compliance. Consequently, non-invasive drug delivery systems for therapeutic proteins have gained great attention in the research and development of biomedicines. Therefore, this review covers the various formulation approaches to optimizing the delivery properties of protein drugs with an emphasis on improving bioavailability and patient compliance. It provides a comprehensive update on recent advancements in nanotechnologies with regard to non-invasive protein drug delivery systems, which is also categorized by the route of administrations including oral, nasal, transdermal, pulmonary, ocular, and rectal delivery systems.
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Kaurav M, Kumar R, Jain A, Pandey RS. Novel Biomimetic Reconstituted Built-in Adjuvanted Hepatitis B Vaccine for Transcutaneous Immunization. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3550-3559. [PMID: 31348940 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcutaneous immunization is the administration of a vaccine on the skin to generate efficient systemic and mucosal immune responses against an antigen. In the present study, reconstituted hepatitis B surface antigen vesicles (HBsAg-REVs) integrated with monophosphoryl lipid A were prepared by the delipidation-reconstitution method and tested as built-in adjuvanted vaccine, system for transcutaneous immunization using a combined approach of tape strippings, and enhanced antigen skin contact time. Prepared vesicles were extensively characterized for size, shape, zeta potential, and antigen protein loading efficiency. Following topical application, HBsAg-REVs skin permeation on isolated rat skin and cell uptake by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. The humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by HBsAg-REVs via transcutaneous immunization were comparable to the marketed intramuscular hepatitis B vaccine formulation with predefined immunization protocols. This study supports that delivery of reconstituted HBsAg vesicles via transcutaneous route may open a new vista for designing topical vaccines with possible immune protection against hepatitis B in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kaurav
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- National UGC Centre of Excellence in NanoBiomedical Applications, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Atul Jain
- National UGC Centre of Excellence in NanoBiomedical Applications, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Pandey
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India.
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Chylomicron mimicking solid lipid nanoemulsions encapsulated enteric minicapsules targeted to colon for immunization against hepatitis B. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 66:317-329. [PMID: 30503974 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oral route is one of the most convenient routes for drug and/or vaccine delivery. Yet variable nature of gastrointestinal tract due to transient changes in pH, physiology, and flora throughout the gut together with hostile nature of peptide drugs/vaccines when given by this route results in limited success. Colon targeting is a recent area of interest for most of the research among which hard gelatin coated capsules is one such important and useful contrivance. The present study assesses the mucosal immunization with HBsAg loaded lyophilized nanoparticles delivered in the colonic region using enteric coated minicapsules. Designed minicapsules offers better compliance and oral vaccine antigen delivery to the colonic region which involving mucosal exposure thus mimicking the natural pathogen entry in the body. The present study is an extension of our reported work where nanoparticles were administered to the colon through the rectal route. Lyophilized nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, in-vitro release and antigen integrity along with cell uptake study. Particles had ~241 ± 32 nm sizes, flattened yet spherical in morphology. Enteric coated minicapsules were evaluated for size, coating thickness, and dissolution profile. In-vivo immune response assured its immunogenic potential with profound IgG (485 ± 41 mIU/ml) and IgA (885 ± 126 mIU/ml) antibody production as compared to marketed recombinant hepatitis B antigen formulation (Gene Vac-B®) which induce IgG and IgA titer; 1027 ± 62 mIU/ml and 220 ± 11 mIU/ml respectively following well established immunization protocol. Former induced significant mucosal immunity due to the involvement of Common Mucosal Immune System (CMIS). The study supports the workable novel approach for immune protection against hepatitis B.
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Sulczewski FB, Liszbinski RB, Romão PRT, Rodrigues Junior LC. Nanoparticle vaccines against viral infections. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2313-2325. [PMID: 29728911 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous efforts, we still do not have prophylactic vaccines for many clinically relevant viruses, such as HIV, hepatitis C virus, Zika virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Several factors have contributed to the current lack of effective vaccines, including the high rate of viral mutation, low immunogenicity of recombinant viral antigens, instability of viral antigenic proteins administered in vivo, sophisticated mechanisms of viral immune evasion, and inefficient induction of mucosal immunity by vaccine models studied to date. Some of these obstacles could be partially overcome by the use of vaccine adjuvants. Nanoparticles have been intensively investigated as vaccine adjuvants because they possess chemical and structural properties that improve immunogenicity. The use of nanotechnology in the construction of immunization systems has developed into the field of viral nanovaccinology. The purpose of this paper is to review and correlate recent discoveries concerning nanoparticles and specific properties that contribute to the immunogenicity of viral nanoparticle vaccines, bio-nano interaction, design of nanoparticle vaccines for clinically relevant viruses, and future prospects for viral nanoparticle vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando B Sulczewski
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Raquel B Liszbinski
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Rodrigues Junior
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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Mehrabi M, Dounighi NM, Rezayat SM, Doroud D, Amani A, Khoobi M, Ajdary S. Novel approach to improve vaccine immunogenicity: Mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles loaded with recombinant hepatitis B antigen as a targeted vaccine delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sahu KK, Pandey RS. Development and characterization of HBsAg-loaded Eudragit nanoparticles for effective colonic immunization. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:166-175. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1444639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kantrol Kumar Sahu
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Pandey
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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Minz S, Pandey RS. Development of Adjuvanted Solid Fat Nanoemulsions for Pulmonary Hepatitis B Vaccination. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1701-1712. [PMID: 29454622 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary vaccination is one of the most promising routes for immunization owing to its noninvasive nature and induction of strong mucosal immunity and systemic response. In the present study, recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen loaded solid fat nanoemulsions (SFNs) as carrier system and monophosphoryl lipid A as an adjuvant-carrier system was prepared and evaluated as multiadjuvanted vaccine system for deep pulmonary vaccination. Deposition and clearance from the deep lung of rats were determined by gamma scintigraphy. Biodistribution of SFNs was determined by the live animal imaging system. SFNs dispersion showed slower clearance as compared with sodium pertechnetate control solution (∗∗∗p <0.001) from the pulmonary region due to the virtue of particulate and hydrophobic nature of formulations. Humoral (sIgA and IgG) and cellular (IL-2 and IF-γ) immune responses were found to be significant (∗∗∗p <0.001) when compared with naïve antigen (recombinant surface antigen without any excipient) solution. Data indicate that deep pulmonary immunization offers a stronger immune response with balanced humoral, mucosal, and cellular immunization, which further needs to be tested in higher animals to support this hypothesis for clinical translation of this so far neglected yet potential target tissue for immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Minz
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India 484887; SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India 495009
| | - Ravi Shankar Pandey
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India 495009.
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