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Su J, Chen XM, Xie YL, Li MQ, Shang Q, Zhang DK, Cai XF, Liu H, Huang HZ, Zheng C, Han L. Clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic components, and molecular mechanisms of antiviral granules in the treatment of influenza: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117011. [PMID: 37567423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Antiviral Granules (AG) are derived from the classical famous prescription, which is composed of 9 traditional Chinese medicines, namely Radix Isatidis (called Banlangen, BLG in Chinese), Forsythiae Fructus (called Lianqiao, LQ in Chinese), Gypsum fibrosum, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (called Zhimu, ZM in Chinese), Phragmitis Rhizoma (called Lugen, LG in Chinese), Rehmanniae Radix (called Dihuang, DH in Chinese), Pogostemonis Herba (called Guanghuoxiang, GHX in Chinese), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (called Shichangpu, SCP in Chinese), and Curcumae Radix (called Yujin, YJ in Chinese), and has shown an excellent therapeutic effect in clinical treatment of influenza. However, there are few studies on the anti-influenza mechanism of AG, and the mechanism of action is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose is to provide the latest information about the clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic composition and mechanism of AG based on scientific literature, so as to enhance the utilization of AG in the treatment of influenza and related diseases, and promote the development and innovation of novel anti-influenza drugs targeting the influenza virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enter the data retrieval room, search for Antiviral Granules, as well as the scientific names, common names, and Chinese names of each Chinese medicine. Additionally, search for the relevant clinical applications, pharmacodynamic composition, pharmacological action, and molecular mechanism of both Antiviral Granules and single-ingredient medicines. Keywords includes terms such as "antiviral granules", "influenza", "Isatis indigotica Fort.", "Radix Isatidis", "Banlangeng", "pharmacology", "clinical application", "pharmacologic action", etc. and their combinations. Obtain results from the Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Sci Finder Scholar, CNKI and other resources. RESULTS AG is effective in the treatment of influenza and is often used in combination with other drugs to treat viral diseases. Its chemical composition is complex, including alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils, steroid saponins, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and other compounds. These compounds have a variety of pharmacological activities, which can interfere with the replication cycle of the influenza virus, regulate RIG-I-MAVS, JAK/STAT, TLRs/MyD88, NF-κB signaling pathways and related cytokines, regulate intestinal microorganisms, and protect both the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. CONCLUSIONS AG can overcome the limitations of traditional antiviral drug therapy, play a synergistic role in fighting influenza virus with the characteristics of multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target therapy, and reverse the bodily function damage caused by influenza virus. AG may be a potential drug in the prevention and treatment of influenza and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi-Ling Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Pharmacy Department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-development of Famous Classical Formulas, Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Xin-Fu Cai
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Li P, Yan Z, Shi P, Wang D, Liu Z, Lu M, Li C, Yin Y, Huang P. The Effects of Radix isatidis Raw Material on Egg Quality, Serum Biochemistry, Gut Morphology and Gut Flora. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2084. [PMID: 38136205 PMCID: PMC10741118 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
China produces more than 30 million tons of drug residues every year. Therefore, innovative solutions are needed to mitigate environmental damage. Certain plant compounds boost hens' health and performance. Radix isatidis is promising for layer production. This study elucidates the multidimensional impact of Radix isatidis residual material (RIHR) on laying hens, focusing on the egg quality, intestinal health and the microbial landscape. A total of 288 55-week-old Peking powder laying hens with similar laying rates and body weights were randomly divided into four groups, with eight replicates per group and nine hens per replicate. The groups were divided into a control group, an RIHR low-dose group, a medium-dose group and a high-dose group according to a single-factor, completely randomized design. For the three RIHR treatment groups, the added amounts were 5 kg/t, 10 kg/t and 15 kg/t, respectively. Liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS), molecular docking, fluorescence quantitative PCR and other methods were used. The results showed that three main anti-inflammatory and antiviral compounds were identified in RIHR-indirubin (0.21 μg/g), deoxyvasicinone (0.18 μg/g) and epigoitrin (0.39 μg/g). RIHR significantly increased the eggshell thickness, Haugh unit and protein height (p < 0.05). It also had significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on ilea and ceca (p < 0.05). The microbial analysis demonstrated that RIHR supplementation led to a significant reduction in foregut Lactobacillus levels (p < 0.05). In the hindgut, a significant increase in pathogenic bacteria was observed (p < 0.05). The study concludes that RIHR's anti-inflammatory compounds may directly act on the intestinal tract to modulate inflammation, highlighting its potential for targeted interventions in poultry health and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (P.L.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Zenghao Yan
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Panpan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (P.L.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Deqin Wang
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (P.L.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengting Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (P.L.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Chuyuan Li
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510515, China; (Z.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (P.L.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Peng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (P.L.); (P.S.); (Z.L.); (M.L.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Broni E, Ashley C, Velazquez M, Khan S, Striegel A, Sakyi PO, Peracha S, Bebla K, Sodhi M, Kwofie SK, Ademokunwa A, Miller WA. In Silico Discovery of Potential Inhibitors Targeting the RNA Binding Loop of ADAR2 and 5-HT2CR from Traditional Chinese Natural Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12612. [PMID: 37628792 PMCID: PMC10454645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2) is an important enzyme involved in RNA editing processes, particularly in the conversion of adenosine to inosine in RNA molecules. Dysregulation of ADAR2 activity has been implicated in various diseases, including neurological disorders (including schizophrenia), inflammatory disorders, viral infections, and cancers. Therefore, targeting ADAR2 with small molecules presents a promising therapeutic strategy for modulating RNA editing and potentially treating associated pathologies. However, there are limited compounds that effectively inhibit ADAR2 reactions. This study therefore employed computational approaches to virtually screen natural compounds from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) library. The shortlisted compounds demonstrated a stronger binding affinity to the ADAR2 (<-9.5 kcal/mol) than the known inhibitor, 8-azanebularine (-6.8 kcal/mol). The topmost compounds were also observed to possess high binding affinity towards 5-HT2CR with binding energies ranging from -7.8 to -12.9 kcal/mol. Further subjecting the top ADAR2-ligand complexes to molecular dynamics simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) calculations revealed that five potential hit compounds comprising ZINC000014637370, ZINC000085593577, ZINC000042890265, ZINC000039183320, and ZINC000101100339 had favorable binding free energies of -174.911, -137.369, -117.236, -67.023, and -64.913 kJ/mol, respectively, with the human ADAR2 protein. Residues Lys350, Cys377, Glu396, Cys451, Arg455, Ser486, Gln488, and Arg510 were also predicted to be crucial in ligand recognition and binding. This finding will provide valuable insights into the molecular interactions between ADAR2 and small molecules, aiding in the design of future ADAR2 inhibitors with potential therapeutic applications. The potential lead compounds were also profiled to have insignificant toxicities. A structural similarity search via DrugBank revealed that ZINC000039183320 and ZINC000014637370 were similar to naringin and naringenin, which are known adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitors. These potential novel ADAR2 inhibitors identified herein may be beneficial in treating several neurological disorders, cancers, viral infections, and inflammatory disorders caused by ADAR2 after experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Broni
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Carolyn Ashley
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Miriam Velazquez
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Sufia Khan
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Andrew Striegel
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Patrick O. Sakyi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 56, Ghana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani P.O. Box 214, Ghana
| | - Saqib Peracha
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Kristeen Bebla
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Monsheel Sodhi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Samuel K. Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
| | - Adesanya Ademokunwa
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Whelton A. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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4
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Zhao R, Yang X, Zhang A, Zhou T, Zhou Y, Yang L. An efficient approach for simultaneously obtaining oil and epigoitrin from Orychophragmus violaceus seeds by microwave-mediated immiscible binary solvent extraction. Food Chem 2022; 372:131258. [PMID: 34627086 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-mediated immiscible binary solvent extraction (MIBSE) was applied to simultaneously extract oil and epigoitrin from Orychophragmus violaceus seeds. The upper phase of n-hexane was used to obtain oil, and the lower phase of ethanol solution was used to obtain epigoitrin. Factors potentially affecting the yields of oil and epigoitrin were systematically investigated. The optimum conditions were an ethanol volume fraction of 65%, liquid-solid ratio of lower-phase of 20 mL/g, liquid-solid ratio of upper-phase of 12 mL/g, microwave irradiation power of 393 W, and microwave irradiation time of 29 min. The actual yields of oil and epigoitrin were 34.08% ± 1.38% and 11.86 ± 0.47 mg/g, respectively. GC-MS analysis illustrated that the seed oils obtained by MIBSE and Soxhlet extraction exhibited similar fatty acid compositions. The separated epigoitrin was determined by HPLC analyses, which obtained a purity of 91.25% ± 3.83%, follwed by NMR determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry, University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry, University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Aoqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry, University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tieyang Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yunwei Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry, University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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5
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Li BH, Li ZY, Liu MM, Tian JZ, Cui QH. Progress in Traditional Chinese Medicine Against Respiratory Viruses: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:743623. [PMID: 34531754 PMCID: PMC8438140 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.743623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1, SARS-CoV-2, influenza A viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus, pose a serious threat to society. Based on the guiding principles of “holism” and “syndrome differentiation and treatment”, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in the treatment of respiratory virus diseases owing to the synergistic effect of multiple components and targets, which prevents drug resistance from arising. According to TCM theory, there are two main strategies in antiviral treatments, namely “dispelling evil” and “fu zheng”. Dispelling evil corresponds to the direct inhibition of virus growth and fu zheng corresponds to immune regulation, inflammation control, and tissue protection in the host. In this review, current progress in using TCMs against respiratory viruses is summarized according to modern biological theories. The prospects for developing TCMs against respiratory viruses is discussed to provide a reference for the research and development of innovative TCMs with multiple components, multiple targets, and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Miao-Miao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Zhen Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Hua Cui
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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6
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Qian X, Nie L, Dai Z, Ma S. Determination of Free Amino Acids in Banlangen Granule and its Fractions by Solid Phase Extraction Combined with Ion-pair Hig-h Perfor mance Liquid Chromatography using a Corona-charged Aerosol Detector (SPE-HPLC-CAD). CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200526120449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Banlangen granules are broad-spectrum effective antiviral drugs, and have a
large clinical demand in China. Free amino acid is one of the main antiviral active ingredients of Banlangen
granules. The pre-processing of samples by the existing pre-column derivatization reversed-
HPLC method is complicated. Therefore, the determination of free amino acids (AAs) by underivatized
ion-pair HPLC-CAD is advantageous for simplifying the preparation process and improving sensitivity.
Objective:
To better optimize AAs analysis methods, here a sensitive SPE-HPLC-CAD method with a
better resolution was established for the determination of underivatized AAs in Banlangen Granule for
the first time.
Method:
The analytes were separated only by HPLC using a Hypercarb column with gradient elution of solvent A (20
mM nonafluorovaleric Acid in water) and solvent B (0.3% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile-0.3% trifluoroacetic acid
in water (1:9, v/v)) at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min. N2 gas pressure and evaporation temperature of CAD were held at a
constant 58.6 psi and 60 ℃, respectively.
Results:
This method was linear over the respective concentration range of six amino acids. The precision, accuracy,
stability and recovery were satisfactory in all samples examined. And the method was successfully applied to
determination of free amino acids in Banlangen granules and its fractions. The total contents of six amino acids in 28
batches of Banlangen Granule were between 1.36 mg/g-11.62 mg/g.
Conclusion:
The proposed method could be a simple, accurate and sensitive alternative approach for the determination
of free AAs in Banlangen Granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Qian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050,China
| | - Lixing Nie
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050,China
| | - Zhong Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050,China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050,China
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Wang F, Bi J, He L, Chen J, Zhang Q, Hou X, Xu H. The indole alkaloids from the roots of Isatidis Radix. Fitoterapia 2021; 153:104950. [PMID: 34089787 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The root of Isatis indigotica is used as a traditional Chinese medicine (termed Isatidis Radix) due to its antiviral effects. We examined compounds isolated from Isatidis Radix and elucidated the structures of three new natural alkaloids, and we examined the possible mechanisms or active targets of indole alkaloids occurring in blood of rats treated by gavage. Three new natural products were isolated from Radix Isatidis for the first time, including 1-methoxy-2-indoleacetonitrile, 1-hydroxy-3-indoleacetonitrile, 8-Methoxy-1, 2-dihydroquinoline, and 4 compounds isolated from this medicinal material for the first time. Their structures were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance. The components of Isatidis Radix were analysed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and 33 compounds were detected in plasma of treated rats; 24 of these compounds were indole alkaloids, and they included the newly identified compounds. Molecular docking and in vitro antithrombin activity tests showed HA inhibition activity of indoleacetonitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou 225312, China.
| | - Jingting Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liwei He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou 225312, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Qiangzi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xianbang Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou 225312, China.
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Shi M, Peng B, Li A, Li Z, Song P, Li J, Xu R, Li N. Broad Anti-Viral Capacities of Lian-Hua-Qing-Wen Capsule and Jin-Hua-Qing-Gan Granule and Rational use Against COVID-19 Based on Literature Mining. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:640782. [PMID: 34054522 PMCID: PMC8160462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a matter of international concern as the disease is spreading exponentially. Statistics showed that infected patients in China who received combined treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine and modern medicine exhibited lower fatality rate and relatively better clinical outcomes. Both Lian-Hua-Qing-Wen Capsule (LHQWC) and Jin-Hua-Qing-Gan Granule (JHQGG) have been recommended by China Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of COVID-19 and have played a vital role in the prevention of a variety of viral infections. Here, we desired to analyze the broad-spectrum anti-viral capacities of LHQWC and JHQGG, and to compare their pharmacological functions for rational clinical applications. Based on literature mining, we found that both LHQWC and JHQGG were endowed with multiple antiviral activities by both targeting viral life cycle and regulating host immune responses and inflammation. In addition, from literature analyzed, JHQGG is more potent in modulating viral life cycle, whereas LHQWC exhibits better efficacies in regulating host anti-viral responses. When translating into clinical applications, oral administration of LHQWC could be more beneficial for patients with insufficient immune functions or for patients with alleviated symptoms after treatment with JHQGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Shi
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - An Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Song
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruodan Xu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Xu X, Ye T, Wang Y, Pan L, Ye Y, Ding Z, Bao D. MicroRNA-139-5p inhibits inflammatory and oxidative stress responses of Salmonella-infected macrophages through modulating TRAF6. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6209124. [PMID: 33822016 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that macrophages play an important role in the immune system. Therefore, research involving inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in macrophages is of great significance. Many factors contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress, including Salmonella. We investigated the effect of the miR-139-5p/TRAF6 axis on the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses of Salmonella -infected macrophages. Our findings revealed that miR-139-5p decreased IL-1β and TNF-α levels to inhibit Salmonella-induced inflammatory responses in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Furthermore, miR-139-5p inhibited Salmonella-induced oxidative stress by strengthening SOD, CAT and GSH-PX activity, as well as lowering the malondialdehyde level in the RAW264.7 macrophages cell line. Subsequently, it was verified that TRAF6 was a downstream target of miR-139-5p in RAW264.7 cells. Rescue assays indicated that the over-expression of miR-139-5p inhibits the effects of TRAF6 on inflammatory and oxidative stress responses including Salmonella infection in RAW264.7 cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to verify that miR-139-5p inhibits inflammatory and oxidative stress responses of Salmonella-infected macrophages through regulating TRAF6. This discovery may offer new insights on inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanmen People's Hospital, 15 Taihe road, Binhai new town, Sanmen county, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317100, China
| | - Tingyun Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanmen People's Hospital, 15 Taihe road, Binhai new town, Sanmen county, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317100, China
| | - Yizhang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanmen People's Hospital, 15 Taihe road, Binhai new town, Sanmen county, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317100, China
| | - Lianlian Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanmen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 287 Xinxing Street, Haiyou Town, Sanmen County, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317100, China
| | - Yali Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanmen People's Hospital, 15 Taihe road, Binhai new town, Sanmen county, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317100, China
| | - Zhengxiang Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanmen People's Hospital, 15 Taihe road, Binhai new town, Sanmen county, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317100, China
| | - Danni Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanmen People's Hospital, 15 Taihe road, Binhai new town, Sanmen county, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317100, China
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Zhang Z, Morris‐Natschke SL, Cheng Y, Lee K, Li R. Development of anti‐influenza agents from natural products. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2290-2338. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Susan L. Morris‐Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Yung‐Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Kuo‐Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center China Medical University and Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Rong‐Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
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11
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Jiang M, Li Z, Zhu G. Immunological regulatory effect of flavonoid baicalin on innate immune toll-like receptors. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104890. [PMID: 32389860 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As an essential component of the innate immune system, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of well-recognized ligand-binding receptors found in various organisms and initiate host immune responses. Activation of TLRs signaling pathways lead to the induction of numerous genes that function in host defense. Baicalin is a natural compound from the dry raw root of Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) and it has been found to exhibit several pharmaceutical actions, such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and antivirus. These biological activities are mainly related to the regulatory effect of baicalin on the host immune response. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulation of baicalin on TLRs signaling pathways in various pathological conditions, and highlight potential targets for the development of the regulatory effect of natural compound from traditional Chinese medicine on innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhuoneng Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxun Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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12
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Ruan D, Liu W, Shi Y, Tan M, Yang L, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Wang R. Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Radix Isatidis on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis in C57BL/6J Mice. J Med Food 2019; 23:79-89. [PMID: 31765267 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxic shock exhibits a considerably high mortality risk. It is defined as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by a microbial infection. Radix Isatidis has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antipyretic effects and is used worldwide. This study investigated the antiendotoxin sepsis effects of an aqueous R. Isatidis extract (RIE) and explored the possible pharmacological molecular mechanisms. Male C57BL/6J mice were intravenously injected with 15 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce endotoxic shock. The results demonstrated that the survival rate of mice pretreated with RIE increased, and LPS-induced liver and lung damage were reduced by inhibiting inflammation. For elucidating detailed molecular mechanisms, we focused on LPS-induced transcription factors: nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Our results demonstrated that the protective effects of RIE were strongly dependent on IRF3-induced interferon-β, not on NF-κB-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. In addition, RIE suppressed the phosphorylation of IRF3, not NF-κB. In conclusion, this study revealed the antiendotoxic properties of RIE on LPS-induced sepsis and provided mechanistic evidence for the beneficial effects of RIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SUTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghui Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SUTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SUTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SUTCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Xu H, He L, Chen J, Hou X, Fan F, Wu H, Zhu H, Guo Y. Different types of effective fractions from Radix Isatidis revealed a multiple-target synergy effect against respiratory syncytial virus through RIG-I and MDA5 signaling pathways, a pilot study to testify the theory of superposition of traditional Chinese Medicine efficacy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111901. [PMID: 31051218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Isatidis, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, is also documented in "Dictionary of Chinese Ethnic Medicine" being as an ethnic herb clinically utilized by different nations in China such as Mongol, Uygur, and Dong et al. It has been reported to have a very strong efficacy on respiratory viruses, but to date the mechanism remains unknown. Similarly, it is unclear how different types of effective fractions of Radix Isatidis interact to exert antiviral effects. AIM OF STUDY To reveal the underlying mechanisms for the inhibitory effects of three active fractions from Radix Isatidis, i.e. total alkaloids, lignans and organic acids, on respiratory syncytial virus when used alone or in combination. In addition, we investigated whether these three parts worked synergistically in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of RSV infection was constructed by intranasal infection, and the pathological changes of lung tissues in different parts were observed. The level changes of IFNβ and inflammatory cytokines in the mouse alveolar lavage fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The anti-RSV effects of different effective fractions were evaluated by the plaque reduction test. The mRNA and protein expressions of RIG-I, MDA-5, MAVS and IRF3 in RAW264.7 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. RESULTS HE staining showed that Radix Isatidis extracts alone or in combination relieved virus-induced mouse lung lesions. Compared with individual drugs, the lung lesions were alleviated more significantly after treatment with the three fractions in combination. ELISA demonstrated that the expression levels of IFNβ and inflammatory cytokines were maintained balanced between antiviral and proinflammatory effects. The plaque reduction test indicated that the antiviral effect of combination treatment was much stronger than those of individual drugs. RT-qPCR and Western blot suggested that the mRNA and protein expression levels of key signaling molecules in the RIG-I and MDA5 pathways in mouse macrophages were down-regulated by different effective parts alone or in combination. CONCLUSIONS The three effective fractions of Radix Isatidis have remarkable synergistic anti-RSV effects in vitro and in vivo, and total alkaloids and lignans show multi-target synergistic effects via the RIG-I and MDA5 signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Alkaloids/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Drug Synergism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Female
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/genetics
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/metabolism
- Lignans/pharmacology
- Lignans/therapeutic use
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Pilot Projects
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/drug therapy
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/metabolism
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liwei He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, 225312, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Xianbang Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, 225312, China
| | - Fangtian Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, 225312, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, 225312, China
| | - Hepeng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, 225312, China
| | - Yeqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, 225312, China
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