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Yu S, Zhou X, Liu R, Xu X, Ma D, Feng Y, Lin X. Immunomodulatory Effects of Yu-Ping-Feng Formula on Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Interrogating the T Cell Response. J Leukoc Biol 2024:qiae155. [PMID: 38953166 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological treatments have shown beneficial effects in the clinical practice of autoimmune disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of immunomodulatory effects remains challenging, given the complicate composition of herbal medicines. Here, we developed an immunological approach to interrogate the T helper cell response. Through data mining we hypothesized that Chinese medicine formula, Yu-Ping-Feng (YPF) might be a promising candidate for treating primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), a common autoimmune disease manifested by exocrine gland dysfunction. We took advantage of a mouse model of experimental Sjögren's syndrome (ESS) that we previously established for YPF formula treatment. YPF therapy ameliorated the ESS pathology in mice with active disease, showing improved salivary function and decreased serum levels of autoantibodies. Phenotypic analysis suggested that both effector T and B cells were significantly suppressed. Using co-culture assay and adoptive transfer models, we demonstrated that YPF formula directly restrained effector/memory T cell expansion and differentiation into Th17 and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, the key subsets in ESS pathogenesis. Importantly, we recruited 20 pSS patients and conducted a pilot study of 8-week therapy of YPF formula. YPF treatment effectively improved fatigue symptoms, exocrine gland functions and reduced serum IgG/IgA levels, while effector T and B cell subsets were significantly decreased. There was a trend of reduction on disease activity, but not statistically significant. Together, our findings suggested a novel approach to assess the immunomodulatory effects of YPF formula, which may be favorable for patients with autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulan Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hon Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xinyao Zhou
- 2Department of Rheumatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100053, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- 2Department of Rheumatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100053, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hon Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Danbao Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hon Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hon Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital (HKU-SZH), Shenzhen 518053, China
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2
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Yu Y, Chen W, Li B, Li Z, Wang Y, Mao Y, Fan W, Bai Y, Hu H, Zhen Q, Sun L. Cutaneous Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II-γ-Positive Sympathetic Nerves Secreting Norepinephrine Dictate Psoriasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306772. [PMID: 38544478 PMCID: PMC11187923 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous sympathetic nerve is a crucial part of neuropsychiatric factors contributing to skin immune response, but its role in the psoriasis pathogenesis remains unclear. It is found that cutaneous calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-γ (CAMK2γ), expressed mainly in sympathetic nerves, is activated by stress and imiquimod in mouse skin. Camk2g-deficient mice exhibits attenuated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like manifestations and skin inflammation. CaMK2γ regulates dermal γδT-cell interleukin-17 production in imiquimod-treated mice, dependent on norepinephrine production following cutaneous sympathetic nerve activation. Adrenoceptor β1, the primary skin norepinephrine receptor, colocalises with γδT cells. CaMK2γ aggravates psoriasiform inflammation via sympathetic nerve-norepinephrine-γδT cell-adrenoceptor β1-nuclear factor-κB and -p38 axis activation. Application of alcaftadine, a small-molecule CaMK2γ inhibitor, relieves imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like manifestations in mice. This study reveals the mechanisms of sympathetic-nervous-system regulation of γδT-cell interleukin-17 secretion, and provides insight into neuropsychiatric factors dictating psoriasis pathogenesis and new potential targets for clinical psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafen Yu
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Key Laboratory of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationHefei230032China
- The Center for Scientific Researchthe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Key Laboratory of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationHefei230032China
| | - Bao Li
- The Comprehensive LabCollege of BasicAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Key Laboratory of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationHefei230032China
| | - Yirui Wang
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Key Laboratory of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationHefei230032China
| | - Yiwen Mao
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Key Laboratory of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationHefei230032China
| | - Wencheng Fan
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Key Laboratory of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationHefei230032China
| | - Yuanming Bai
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- Key Laboratory of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationHefei230032China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Center for Immunology and HematologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China
| | - Qi Zhen
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshan063210China
- Health Science CenterNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan063210China
- School of Public HealthNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan063210China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshan063210China
- Health Science CenterNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan063210China
- School of Public HealthNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan063210China
- Inflammation and Immune Diseases Laboratory of North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan063210China
- Key Laboratory of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationHefei230032China
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3
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Zhao D, Ji H, Zhao H, Xu Y, He A, He Y. BMSC-derived exosomes regulate the Treg/Th17 balance through the miR-21-5p/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway to alleviate dry eye symptoms in mice. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:644-656. [PMID: 38684579 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) have a variety of biological functions and are extensively involved in the regulation of inflammatory diseases, as well as tissue repair and regeneration. However, the mechanism of action of these compounds in dry eye disease (DED) in mice is still unclear. This study demonstrated that the Treg/Th17 ratio was strongly imbalanced in DED clinical samples. BMSC-Exos can modulate the Treg/Th17 balance, improve the integrity of the corneal epithelial layer, and ameliorate DED progression in mice. Mechanistically, BMSC-Exos dramatically decreased the levels of IL-17 and IL-22; increased the levels of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1; and increased tear secretion and the number of goblet cells in the conjunctiva in mice, thus alleviating the progression of DED. This effect is achieved by BMSC-Exos through the delivery of miR-21-5p to target and restrain TLR4, thereby restraining the MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Our study showed that the upregulation of miR-21-5p in BMSC-Exos may be a therapeutic target for DED. These findings support new ideas and a basis for treating DED, as well as for further study of the application value of exosomes in alleviating DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Information, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Yanze Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Anni He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, 650051, China.
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4
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Mao J, Tan L, Tian C, Wang W, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Li Y. Research progress on rodent models and its mechanisms of liver injury. Life Sci 2024; 337:122343. [PMID: 38104860 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the most important organ for biological transformation in the body and is crucial for maintaining the body's vital activities. Liver injury is a serious pathological condition that is commonly found in many liver diseases. It has a high incidence rate, is difficult to cure, and is prone to recurrence. Liver injury can cause serious harm to the body, ranging from mild to severe fatty liver disease. If the condition continues to worsen, it can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, ultimately resulting in liver failure or liver cancer, which can seriously endanger human life and health. Therefore, establishing an rodent model that mimics the pathogenesis and severity of clinical liver injury is of great significance for better understanding the pathogenesis of liver injury patients and developing more effective clinical treatment methods. The author of this article summarizes common chemical liver injury models, immune liver injury models, alcoholic liver injury models, drug-induced liver injury models, and systematically elaborates on the modeling methods, mechanisms of action, pathways of action, and advantages or disadvantages of each type of model. The aim of this study is to establish reliable rodent models for researchers to use in exploring anti-liver injury and hepatoprotective drugs. By creating more accurate theoretical frameworks, we hope to provide new insights into the treatment of clinical liver injury diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Mao
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lihong Tan
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhaojing Zhu
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yan Li
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing 400030, China.
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5
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Wang L, Li P, Zhang X, Gu Z, Pan X, Wu Y, Li H. The role of basic leucine zipper transcription factor E4BP4 in cancer: a review and update. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:91. [PMID: 38193973 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the genes of tumor cells and the disorder of immune microenvironment are the main factors of tumor development. The sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs affect the treatment of tumor. Nuclear transcription factor E4BP4 is dysregulated in a variety of malignant tumors. It can suppress the transcription of NFKBIA, RASSF8, SOSTDC1, FOXO-induced genes (TRAIL, FAS, GADD45a and GADD45b) and Hepcidin, up-regulate RCAN1-1 and PRNP, activate mTOR and p38 in cancer cells. Also, E4BP4 can regulate tumor immune microenvironment. TGFb1/Smad3/E4BP4/ IFNγ axis in NK cells plays an important role in antitumor immunotherapy. Over expression of E4BP4 inhibited the development of Th17 cells by directly binding to the RORγt promoter. Moreover, recent studies have shown that E4BP4 inhibited the expression of multidrug resistance genes. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism of E4BP4 in cancer cellular process, the effects of E4BP4 in cancer immunotherapy and antitumor drug resistance, to provide theoretical basis for tumor treatment strategies targeting E4BP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peifen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenwu Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Jiang S, Feng J, Jiang Y, Lu Z, Kong J, Li X, Lian H, Zhang F, Li Y, Li J. Triptolide attenuates CCL 4-induced liver fibrosis by regulating the differentiation of CD 4+ T cells in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111206. [PMID: 37956491 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major global health issue, and immune dysregulation is a main contributor. Triptolide is a natural immunosuppressive agent with demonstrated effectiveness in ameliorating liver fibrosis, but whether it exerts anti-liver fibrotic effects via immunoregulation remains obscure. In this study, first, by employing a CCL4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model, we demonstrated that triptolide could alleviate pathological damage to liver tissue and attenuate liver function damaged by CCL4. In addition, triptolide inhibited the expression of liver fibrotic markers such as hydroxyproline, collagen type IV, hyaluronidase, laminin, and procollagen type III, and the protein expression of α-SMA in CCL4-induced liver fibrosis. Second, with the help of network pharmacology, we predicted that triptolide's anti-liver fibrotic effects might occur through the regulation of Th17, Th1, and Th2 cell differentiation, which indicated that triptolide might mitigate liver fibrosis via immunoregulation. Finally, multiplex immunoassays and flow cytometry were adopted to verify this prediction. The results suggested that triptolide could reverse the aberrant expression of inflammatory cytokines caused by CCL4 and regulate the differentiation of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells. In conclusion, triptolide could attenuate CCL4-induced liver fibrosis by regulating the differentiation of CD4+ T cells. The results obtained in this study extended the application of triptolide and introduced a new mechanism of triptolide's anti-liver fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jing Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanling Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jingwei Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xueming Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hui Lian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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7
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Tang X, Wang C, Wang L, Ren F, Kuang R, Li Z, Han X, Chen Y, Chen G, Wu X, Liu J, Yang H, Liu X, Wang C, Gao H, Yin Z. Aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides as a novel class of immunomodulators with interleukin-17A inhibitory activity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3930-3944. [PMID: 37719372 PMCID: PMC10501871 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17A, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is a fundamental function in the onset and advancement of multiple immune diseases. To uncover the primary compounds with IL-17A inhibitory activity, a large-scale screening of the library of traditional Chinese medicine constituents and microbial secondary metabolites was conducted using splenic cells from IL-17A-GFP reporter mice cultured under Th17-priming conditions. Our results indicated that some aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides isolated from a wetland mud-derived fungus, Myrothecium gramineum, showed remarkable IL-17A inhibitory activity. Nine new aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides, myrogramins A-I (1, 4-11), and two known ones (2 and 3) were isolated and identified from the strain. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 10, and 11 exhibited significant IL-17A inhibitory activity. Among them, compound 3, with a high fermentation yield dose-dependently inhibited the generation of IL-17A and suppressed glycolysis in splenic cells under Th17-priming conditions. Strikingly, compound 3 suppressed immunopathology in both IL-17A-mediated animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and pulmonary hypertension. Our results revealed that aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides are a novel class of immunomodulators with IL-17A inhibitory activity, and hold great promise applications in treating IL-17A-mediated immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respirology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Runqiao Kuang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiuqing Wu
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Respirology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hengwen Yang
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Respirology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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8
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Xie J, Huang H, Li X, Ouyang L, Wang L, Liu D, Wei X, Tan P, Tu P, Hu Z. The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Status and Future Directions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1627-1651. [PMID: 37638827 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2350074x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development of tumors. Immunoregulatory cells and cytokines facilitate cancer cells to avoid immune surveillance. Overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibits immune function and enables cancer cells to avoid clearance by the immune system. Thus, minimizing tumor immunosuppression could be an important strategy for cancer therapy. Currently, many immune checkpoint-targeted drugs, such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, have been approved for marketing and have shown unique advantages in the clinical treatment of cancers. The concept of "strengthening resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is consistent with the immunotherapy of cancer. According to previous studies, the role of TCM in tumor immunotherapy is mainly associated with the positive regulation of natural killer cells, CD8/CD4 T cells, dendritic cells, M2 macrophages, interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text], and IFN-[Formula: see text], as well as with the negative regulation of Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, PD-1/PD-L1, transforming growth factor-[Formula: see text], and tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text]. This paper summarizes the current research on the effect of TCM targeting the TME, and further introduces the research progress on studying the effects of TCM on immune checkpoints. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that TCM can directly or indirectly affect the TME by inhibiting the overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules and enhancing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. TCM with immunomodulatory stimulation could be the key factor to achieve benefits from immunotherapy for patients with non-inflammatory, or "cold", tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Huiming Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P. R. China
| | - Lishan Ouyang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Longyan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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9
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Tang S, Xie X, Wang M, Wei W. Asiaticoside ameliorates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting CD4 +CD25 +FOXP3 + treg cell differentiation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17390. [PMID: 37539103 PMCID: PMC10395025 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) is the major cause of acute kidney injury, which becomes a global health problem. The effects of asiaticoside, as an anti-inflammatory drug, on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been well defined. After the CD4+ cells were treated with asiaticoside, the CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cell differentiation was detected by flow cytometry. The viability and release of inflammatory factors of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cell were detected by CCK-8 and ELISA. Renal I/R injury mice model was established, and the mice were pre-treated with asiaticoside or CD25 antibody or infused with Treg cells. The histological changes of renal tissue were evaluated by Hematoxylin-eosin, PAS, and Masson staining. The renal function markers were evaluated by colorimetry, the release of inflammatory factors was determined by ELISA. The Th17 and Treg cells in the blood and spleen were quantified by flow cytometry. The expressions of FOXP3 and RoR-γt in renal tissues were determined by western blotting. Asiaticoside promoted CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cell differentiation, increased the cell viability and down-regulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, while up-regulated IL-10 of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells. Moreover, asiaticoside ameliorated the histological damage, decreased the Th17 cells and increased Treg cells, and down-regulated the TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and RoR-γt, while up-regulated IL-10 and FOXP3 of renal I/R injury mice. Effect of asiaticoside on renal I/R injury mice was reversed by CD25 antibody whose role was further reversed by Treg cell infusing. In conclusion, asiaticoside ameliorated renal I/R injury due to promoting CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cell differentiation.
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Szandruk-Bender M, Nowak B, Merwid-Ląd A, Kucharska AZ, Krzystek-Korpacka M, Bednarz-Misa I, Wiatrak B, Szeląg A, Piórecki N, Sozański T. Cornus mas L. Extract Targets the Specific Molecules of the Th17/Treg Developmental Pathway in TNBS-Induced Experimental Colitis in Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073034. [PMID: 37049797 PMCID: PMC10095994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that one of the crucial events in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is the loss of homeostasis between Th17 and Treg cells, targeting the specific molecules of the Th17/Treg axis developmental pathway is a promising strategy for inflammatory bowel disease prevention and treatment. The current study aimed to assess the impact of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) extract, rich in iridoids and polyphenols known for their potential anti-inflammatory activity, at two doses (20 or 100 mg/kg) on the crucial factors for Th17/Treg cell differentiation in the course of experimental colitis and compare this action with that of sulfasalazine. This study was conducted on the biobank colon tissue samples collected during the previous original experiment, in which colitis in rats was induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). The levels of IL-6, RORγt, total STAT3, p-STAT3, and Foxp3 were determined by ELISA. The expression of PIAS3 mRNA was quantified by qPCR. Cornelian cherry extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg counteracted the TNBS-induced elevation of IL-6, RORγt, and p-STAT3 levels and a decrease in Foxp3 level and PIAS3 mRNA expression, while given concomitantly with sulfasalazine was more effective than sulfasalazine alone in reversing the TNBS-induced changes in IL-6, RORγt, total STAT3, p-STAT3, Foxp3 levels, and PIAS3 mRNA expression. The beneficial effect of cornelian cherry extract on experimental colitis may be due to its immunomodulatory activity reflected by the influence on factors regulating the Th17/Treg axis.
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11
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Wu X, Wang J, Li B, Gong M, Cao C, Song L, Qin L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y. Chlorogenic acid, rutin, and quercetin from Lysimachia christinae alleviate triptolide-induced multi-organ injury in vivo by modulating immunity and AKT/mTOR signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis and apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 467:116479. [PMID: 36963520 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced organ injury is one of the key factors causing organ failure and death in the global public. Triptolide (TP) is the main immunosuppressive component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (Leigongteng, LGT) for the first-line management of autoimmune conditions, but it can cause serious multi-organ injury. Lysimachia christinae (Jinqiancao, JQC) is a detoxifying Chinese medicine and could suppress LGT's toxicity. It contains many immune enhancement and organ protection components including chlorogenic acid (CA), rutin (Rut), and quercetin (Que). This study aimed to explore the protection of combined treatments of these organ-protective ingredients of JQC on TP-induced liver, kidney, and heart injury and initially explore the mechanisms. Molecular docking showed that CA, Rut, and Que. bound AKT/mTOR pathway-related molecules intimately and might competitively antagonize TP. Corresponding in vivo results showed that the combination activated TP-inhibited protein of AKT/mTOR pathway, and reversed TP-induced excessive ferroptosis (excessive Fe 2+ and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde accumulation, decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s transferase, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase, and down-regulated P62/nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway), and apoptosis (activated apoptotic factor Fas and Bax and inhibited Bcl-2) in the organ of mice to varying degrees. In conclusion, the combined treatments of CA, Rut, and Que. from JQC inhibited TP-induced multi-organ injury in vivo, and the mechanism may largely involve immunomodulation and activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway-mediated cell death reduction including ferroptosis and apoptosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junming Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Bingyin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mingzhu Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Can Cao
- College of Chinese medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lingling Song
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lingyu Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yamin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway activation suppresses the generation of Th17 cells and promotes the induction of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:136-147. [PMID: 36921488 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells mediate the pathogenesis of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Emerging research suggests that a Th17/regulatory T cell (Treg) imbalance plays a pivotal role in the development of renal IRI. A recently identified negative checkpoint protein, T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain family 3 (Tim-3), inhibits the immune response by binding to its ligand, galectin-9 (Gal-9). However, the role of the Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway in the regulation of CD4+ T cell subsets in renal IRI remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway on Th17/Treg subsets in renal IRI using a mouse model. Renal IRI induced the expression of Gal-9 in renal tubular epithelial cells and increased the proportion of Tim-3+ Th17 cells and Tim-3+ forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ Treg cells in the ischemia-reperfusion (IR) kidneys. Administration of rAAV9-Gal-9 suppressed kidney inflammation, reduced the mortality of mice with renal IRI, increased Foxp3+ Treg cells, and reduced Th17 cells. In contrast, the blockade of Tim-3 in vivo using an anti-Tim-3 monoclonal antibody aggravated renal inflammation, decreased Foxp3+ Treg cells, and promoted Th17 cells. Thus, Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway activation may protect against renal IRI by inhibiting Th17 cell production and inducing Foxp3+ Treg cell expansion. Our study suggests that the Gal-9/Tim-3 signaling pathway may be targeted by immunotherapy in renal IRI.
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Wang S, Jin X, Chen H, Han M, Bao J, Niu D, Wang Y, Li R, Wu Z, Li J. Quercetin alleviates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced inflammatory damage and oxidative stress through inhibition of TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Microb Pathog 2023; 176:106006. [PMID: 36746315 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in chickens leads to enormous economic damage to the poultry industry yearly. The active components and mechanism of action of the traditional herbal remedy Ephedra houttuynia powder (EHP), which had been approved for clinical treatment against MG infection in China, remain unknown. In this study, the active components of EHP against MG were screened using a network pharmacological method, additionally, we studied the mechanism of action of the screened results (quercetin (QUE)). The findings demonstrated that QUE was an essential element of EHP against MG infection, effectively attenuating MG-induced oxidative stress and activation of the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Following QUE therapy, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α content and expression were downregulated, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 expression were upregulated, eventually suppressing the inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo. Together, this study presents a strong rationale for using QUE as a therapeutic strategy to inhibit MG infection-induced inflammatory damage and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Mingdong Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Dong Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yikang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, 150036, PR China.
| | - Jichang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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14
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Jiang S, Wan F, Lian H, Lu Z, Li X, Cao D, Jiang Y, Li J. Friend or foe? The dual role of triptolide in the liver, kidney, and heart. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114470. [PMID: 36868013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triptolide, a controversial natural compound due to its significant pharmacological activities and multiorgan toxicity, has gained much attention since it was isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. However, in addition to its severe toxicity, triptolide also presents powerful therapeutic potency in the same organs, such as the liver, kidney, and heart, which corresponds to the Chinese medicine theory of You Gu Wu Yun (anti-fire with fire) and deeply interested us. To determine the possible mechanisms involved in the dual role of triptolide, we reviewed related articles about the application of triptolide in both physiological and pathological conditions. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the two main ways triptolide exerts different roles, and the cross-talk between NF-κB and Nrf2 may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the dual role of triptolide and may represent the scientific connotation of You Gu Wu Yun. For the first time, we present a review of the dual role of triptolide in the same organ and propose the possible scientific connotation of the Chinese medicine theory of You Gu Wu Yun, hoping to promote the safe and efficient use of triptolide and other controversial medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hui Lian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xueming Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yangyu Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Mazumder A, Sharma A, Azad MAK. A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacological Importance of Dietary Flavonoids as Hepatoprotective Agents. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:4139117. [PMID: 37123086 PMCID: PMC10147524 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4139117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a crucial organ that is involved in various kinds of metabolic activity and a very stable accessory gland for the digestive system. Long-term or persistent inflammation and oxidative stress due to any reasons have a substantial impact on the beginning and continuation of chronic diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, and other hepatic conditions. There are many sources which can help the liver to be healthy and enhance its metabolic potential of the liver. Since the diet is rich origin of bioactive along with antioxidant chemicals including flavonoids and polyphenols, it can control different stages of inflammation and hepatic diseases. Numerous food sources, notably vegetables, nuts, fruits, cereals, beverages, and herbal medicinal plants, are rich in bioactive chemicals called flavonoids and their derivatives like Flavones, Anthocyanins, Iso-flavonoid, Flavanones, Flavanols, and Flavan-3-ols. Most recently occurred research on flavonoids has demonstrated that they can regulate hepatoprotective properties. This is because they are essential parts of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products due to their hepatoprotective, antioxidative, and immune-modulating characteristics. However, the characteristics of their hepatoprotective impact remain unclear. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to survey the flavonoid structure and enriched sources for their hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects concerning liver toxicity or injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Mazumder
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute) 19, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal 121105, Haryana, India
| | - Md. A. K. Azad
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia 1216, Bangladesh
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Hepatoprotective effects of carvedilol and crocin against leflunomide-induced liver injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Xu L, Song X, Zhang Y, Lin N, Wang J, Dai Q. Investigation of the mechanism of action of Shengxuexiaoban Capsules against primary immune thrombocytopenia using network pharmacology and experimental validation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154413. [PMID: 36037773 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shengxuexiaoban Capsules (SC) is a classical prescription in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been clinically adopted in the treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in China. However, the underlying mechanisms of the actions of SC on ITP remain clear. METHODS A network pharmacology approach was adopted to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of SC in treating ITP, and the effects of SC on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of megakaryocyte (MK) and on the ITP animal model were investigated. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis found 128 active compounds and 268 targets of these compounds in SC, as well as 221 ITP-related targets. The topological analysis found a central network containing 82 genes, which were significantly associated with the regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, apoptosis processes, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the ERK1 and ERK2 cascades. It showed that SC increased the proliferation and differentiation of MK, but had no significant impact on MK apoptosis in vivo. The addition of SC increased the gene expression of several potential targets, including STAT3, KDR, CASP3, and TGFB1. In addition, SC administration elevated the protein expression of p-AKT and inhibit the protein expression of p-ERK, but has no impact on the protein expression of p-P38. Moreover, SC could improve haemogram parameters, coagulation indicators, and the proliferation and differentiation of MK in the ITP animal model. CONCLUSIONS The present study systematically elucidated the underlying mechanisms of SC against ITP and provided an efficient strategy to discover the pharmacological mechanism of TCM. It may strengthen the understanding of SC and facilitate more application of this formula in the treatment of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xinwei Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoding Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.
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Chen K, Gao Z, Ding Q, Tang C, Zhang H, Zhai T, Xie W, Jin Z, Zhao L, Liu W. Effect of natural polyphenols in Chinese herbal medicine on obesity and diabetes: Interactions among gut microbiota, metabolism, and immunity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:962720. [PMID: 36386943 PMCID: PMC9651142 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With global prevalence, metabolic diseases, represented by obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have a huge burden on human health and medical expenses. It is estimated that obese population has doubled in recent 40 years, and population with diabetes will increase 1.5 times in next 25 years, which has inspired the pursuit of economical and effective prevention and treatment methods. Natural polyphenols are emerging as a class of natural bioactive compounds with potential beneficial effects on the alleviation of obesity and T2DM. In this review, we investigated the network interaction mechanism of "gut microbial disturbance, metabolic disorder, and immune imbalance" in both obesity and T2DM and systemically summarized their multiple targets in the treatment of obesity and T2DM, including enrichment of the beneficial gut microbiota (genera Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus) and upregulation of the levels of gut microbiota-derived metabolites [short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)] and bile acids (BAs). Moreover, we explored their effect on host glucolipid metabolism, the AMPK pathway, and immune modulation via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory immune cells (M1-like Mϕs, Th1, and Th17 cells); proliferation, recruitment, differentiation, and function; and related cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and MCP-1). We hope to provide evidence to promote the clinical application of natural polyphenols in the management of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyou Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiangang Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weinan Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenke Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cheng Z, Wang Y, Li B. Dietary Polyphenols Alleviate Autoimmune Liver Disease by Mediating the Intestinal Microenvironment: Challenges and Hopes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10708-10737. [PMID: 36005815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune liver disease is a chronic liver disease caused by an overactive immune response in the liver that imposes a significant health and economic cost on society. Due to the side effects of existing medicinal medications, there is a trend toward seeking natural bioactive compounds as dietary supplements. Currently, dietary polyphenols have been proven to have the ability to mediate gut-liver immunity and control autoimmune liver disease through modulating the intestinal microenvironment. Based on the preceding, this Review covers the many forms of autoimmune liver illnesses, their pathophysiology, and the modulatory effects of polyphenols on immune disorders. Finally, we focus on how polyphenols interact with the intestinal milieu to improve autoimmune liver disease. In conclusion, we suggest that dietary polyphenols have the potential as gut-targeted modulators for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune liver disease and highlight new perspectives and critical issues for future pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
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20
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Hu Y, Wu Q, Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Zhou H, Yang T. The molecular pathogenesis of triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:979307. [PMID: 36091841 PMCID: PMC9449346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.979307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) is the major pharmacologically active ingredient and toxic component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. However, its clinical potential is limited by a narrow therapeutic window and multiple organ toxicity, especially hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, TP-induced hepatotoxicity shows significant inter-individual variability. Over the past few decades, research has been devoted to the study of TP-induced hepatotoxicity and its mechanism. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of TP-induced hepatotoxicity. Studies have demonstrated that TP-induced hepatotoxicity is associated with CYP450s, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), oxidative stress, excessive autophagy, apoptosis, metabolic disorders, immunity, and the gut microbiota. These new findings provide a comprehensive understanding of TP-induced hepatotoxicity and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anqing Medical College, Anqing, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Yang, ; Hua Zhou,
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Yang, ; Hua Zhou,
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21
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomal miR-146a Mediates the Regulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF- κB Signaling Pathway in Inflammation due to Diabetic Retinopathy. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3864863. [PMID: 35761836 PMCID: PMC9233583 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3864863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of vision loss in diabetic patients, which cannot be completely resolved by typical blood sugar control. Inflammation influences the development of DR, so reducing the inflammatory response in DR patients is crucial to the prevention of DR. Therefore, we explored the regulatory effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) exosomes on inflammation in DR mice. In order to analyze the mechanism of action, we used BMSC exosomal miR-146a to treat microglias in DR mice to observe cellular changes and expression of inflammatory factors. It was found that BMSC exosomal miR-146a reduced the levels of proliferating cell antigen and B-cell lymphoma-2 in microglias of DR mice and increased Bcl-2-related X with cysteine aspartic protease-3. By analyzing the expression of inflammatory factors, we found that BMSC exosomal miR-146a reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, which suggested that miR-146a can alleviate inflammation in DR mice. Further exploration found that miR-146a reduced the activity of TLR4 and increased the activity of MyD88 and NF-κB. Furthermore, the overexpression of TLR4 reversed the effects of miR-146a on the proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation of microglias. Our study demonstrated that BMSC exosomal miR-146a can regulate the inflammatory response of DR by mediating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, providing an experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of DR.
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Yan M, Yan Y, Zhang Z, Wang G, Shi W, Jiang M, Zhao J, Wu X, Zeng H. The Effect of Triptolide Combined With Crocin on Arthritis in Mice: From Side Effect Attenuation to Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908227. [PMID: 35814255 PMCID: PMC9260116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical use of triptolide (TP) is restricted due to severe toxicity. This study assessed the protective effect of crocin (CR) as a natural antioxidant against TP-induced toxicity in bovine collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. The mice in the CIA model group showed macroscopic signs of severe arthritis. The anti-arthritis effects in the control, TP + CR, and TP groups were evaluated through assessment of foot volume, arthritis score, and proinflammatory cytokines, and collagen antibody assay. Crocin reduced TP-induced toxicity, as evidenced by evaluation of survival rate, body weight, visceral index, hepatic and renal functions, histopathologic analyses, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in identification of 76 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with hepatotoxicity between the TP and TP + CR groups. Of these, Three DEGs (Cyp1a2,Gsta4, and Gstp1) were validated using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. In conclusion, CR protected CIA mice from TP-induced toxicity through modulation of the cytochrome P450 and glutathione metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinyin Yan
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Shi
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Jiang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junwei Zhao, ; Xiangxiang Wu, ; Huahui Zeng,
| | - Xiangxiang Wu
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junwei Zhao, ; Xiangxiang Wu, ; Huahui Zeng,
| | - Huahui Zeng
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junwei Zhao, ; Xiangxiang Wu, ; Huahui Zeng,
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23
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Cao Z, Liu B, Li L, Lu P, Yan L, Lu C. Detoxification strategies of triptolide based on drug combinations and targeted delivery methods. Toxicology 2022; 469:153134. [PMID: 35202762 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. has a long history of use in Chinese medicine. Triptolide (TP), as its main pharmacological component, has been widely explored in various diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. However, due to its poor water solubility, limited therapeutic range and multi-organ toxicity, TP's clinical application has been greatly hampered. To improve its clinical potential, many attenuated drug combinations have been developed based on its toxicity mechanism and targeted delivery systems aimed at its water-solubility and structure. This review, conducted a systematic review of TP detoxification strategies including drug combination detoxification strategies from metabolic and toxic mechanisms, as well as drug delivery detoxification strategies from the prodrug strategy and nanotechnology. Many detoxification strategies have demonstrated promising potential in vitro and in vivo due to previous extensive studies on TP. Therefore, summarizing and discussing TP detoxification strategies for clinical problems can serve as a reference for developing novel TP detoxification strategies, and provide opportunities for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peipei Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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24
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Gao W, Guo L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Xia S, Gong H, Zhang BK, Yan M. Dissecting the Crosstalk Between Nrf2 and NF-κB Response Pathways in Drug-Induced Toxicity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:809952. [PMID: 35186957 PMCID: PMC8847224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 and NF-κB are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. Previous pharmacological and genetic studies have confirmed crosstalk between the two. The deficiency of Nrf2 elevates the expression of NF-κB, leading to increased production of inflammatory factors, while NF-κB can affect the expression of downstream target genes by regulating the transcription and activity of Nrf2. At the same time, many therapeutic drug-induced organ toxicities, including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, dermal toxicity, and neurotoxicity, have received increasing attention from researchers in clinical practice. Drug-induced organ injury can destroy body function, reduce the patients’ quality of life, and even threaten the lives of patients. Therefore, it is urgent to find protective drugs to ameliorate drug-induced injury. There is substantial evidence that protective medications can alleviate drug-induced organ toxicity by modulating both Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, it has become increasingly important to explore the crosstalk mechanism between Nrf2 and NF-κB in drug-induced toxicity. In this review, we summarize the potential molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways and the important effects on adverse effects including toxic reactions and look forward to finding protective drugs that can target the crosstalk between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Miao Yan,
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Han L, Fu Q, Deng C, Luo L, Xiang T, Zhao H. Immunomodulatory potential of flavonoids for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and tumour. Scand J Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Han
- Department of Pathophysiology Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
- Department of Endocrinology People’s Hospital of Changshou Chongqing Chongqing China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Organ Transplantation Center Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Chuan Deng
- Department of Neurology People’s Hospital of Changshou Chongqing Chongqing China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
| | - Tengxiao Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology People’s Hospital of Changshou Chongqing Chongqing China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
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26
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Huang R, Guo F, Li Y, Liang Y, Li G, Fu P, Ma L. Activation of AMPK by triptolide alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by improving hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis. PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 92:153739. [PMID: 34592488 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triptolide is naturally isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., possessing multiple biological activities. Hepatotoxicity is one of the main side effects of triptolide. However, the effect of triptolide on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease remains unknown (NAFLD). PURPOSE This study aimed to observe the amelioration of triptolide against NAFLD and investigate the engaged mechanism. METHODS Two typical animal models of NAFLD, obese db/db mice and methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice, were used. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis were evaluated by H&E and Masson staining. Oil red O staining and lipid extraction analysis were used to detect fat content in mice livers. Expression of lipid metabolism, inflammatory and fibrogenic genes was also detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Phosphoproteomics, molecular docking, and TR-FRET assay were performed to provide further insight into how triptolide improved NAFLD. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of triptolide at a daily dose of 50 μg/kg significantly alleviated MCD diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but 100 μg/kg triptolide caused severe hepatotoxicity. Pathological staining confirmed low-dose triptolide treatment reducing hepatic lipid deposition, inflammation, and fibrosis in NASH. Serum biochemical analysis revealed a reduction in the level of liver enzymes and bilirubin. MCD also induced rising expression of typical genes and proteins related to fibrosis (fibronectin, α-SMA, collagens, TGF-β) and inflammation (ILs, TNF-α, MCP-1), which was suppressed by low-dose triptolide. Data from the proteomics/phosphoproteomics and TR-FRET assay indicated triptolide was a potential allosteric AMPK agonist to increase the phosphorylation on Thr172 residue, with the EC50 of 277.78 μM and 231.02 μM for AMPKα1 and AMPKα2, respectively. Moreover, triptolide exhibited an ability to activate AMPK and further led to increasing ACC1 phosphorylation in the liver. The positive results that triptolide ameliorated hepatic lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and fibrosis of NAFLD via activating AMPK were further confirmed in db/db mice with 10-week intervention (50 μg/kg, i.v., twice a week). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that dose-related triptolide as an allosteric AMPK agonist has the potential to alleviate NAFLD without hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshuang Huang
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guobo Li
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles ameliorates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the balance of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells through Tim-3 and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:891-902. [PMID: 34223915 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (Th) 17 cells are two subsets of CD4 + T cells with opposite effects which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of lung injury. In this study, we aim to investigate the protective effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) preconditioning on lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and potential mechanisms. METHODS Pathogen-free C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, Control + OMVs, I/R and I/R + OMVs groups. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum, and lung tissues were collected and analyzed for pathophysiology and immune mechanism. RESULTS OMVs not only attenuated tissue injury and respiratory physiologic function but also mediated the downregulation of lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and the reduction of total protein concentration. The numbers of total cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were markedly decreased in the I/R mice following OMVs preconditioning. OMVs also decreased inflammatory cytokines associated with CD4 + T cells in both BALF and serum. In addition, the level of Tregs and its transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) were significantly increased, while the level of Th17 cells and its transcription factor retinoid-related orphan receptor γ (RORγt) were significantly decreased following OMVs preconditioning. In the process of exploring the underlying protection mechanisms of OMVs, we found that OMVs preconditioning significantly reduced protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which in turn not only inactivated myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and Phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB), but also simultaneously increased the levels of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that OMVs preconditioning may ameliorate lung I/R injury by regulating the balance of Tregs and Th17 cells through Tim-3 and TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Tomioka H, Tatano Y, Shimizu T, Sano C. Immunoadjunctive Therapy against Bacterial Infections Using Herbal Medicines Based on Th17 Cell-mediated Protective Immunity. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:3949-3962. [PMID: 34102961 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210608143449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the major health concerns in the world is the global increase in intractable bacterial infectious diseases due to the emergence of multi- and extensively drug-resistant bacterial pathogens as well as an increase in compromised hosts around the world. Particularly, in the case of mycobacteriosis, the high incidence of tuberculosis in developing countries, resurgence of tuberculosis in industrialized countries, and increase in the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium complex infections are important worldwide health concerns. However, the development of novel antimycobacterial drugs is currently making slow progress. Therefore, it is considered that devising improved administration protocols for clinical treatment against refractory mycobacteriosis using existing chemotherapeutics is more practical than awaiting the development of new antimycobacterial drugs. The regulation of host immune responses using immunoadjunctive agents may increase the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment against mycobacteriosis. The same situations also exist in cases of intractable infectious diseases due to common bacteria other than mycobacteria. The mild and long-term up-regulation of host immune reactions in hosts with intractable chronic bacterial infections, using herbal medicines and medicinal plants, may be beneficial for such immunoadjunctive therapy. This review describes the current status regarding basic and clinical studies on therapeutic regimens using herbal medicines, useful for the clinical treatment of patients with intractable bacterial infections. In particular, we focus on immunoadjunctive effects of herbal medicines on the establishment and manifestation of host antibacterial immunity related to the immunological roles of Th17 cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruaki Tomioka
- Department of Basic Medical Science for Nursing, Department of Contemporary Psychology, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tatano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Nutrition Administration, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima,, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sano
- Department of Community Medicine Management, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Lai H, Yang Z, Lou Z, Li F, Xie F, Pan W, Xu C, Zhang L, Zhang S, Zhang L, Huang M. Root Extract of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. Modulates the Th17/Treg Balance to Attenuate DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:615506. [PMID: 34093175 PMCID: PMC8170699 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.615506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, idiopathic and relapsing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that has a prolonged disease duration. Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. is a traditional Chinese herb which has been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases for thousand years. However, there are few reports about the application of L. aggregata in the treatment of UC at present. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effect of the root extract of L. aggregata (LREE) against UC and explored its underlying mechanisms based on IL-6 signaling pathway and the balance of T helper (Th) 17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Results showed that LREE could not only decrease the production and secretion of IL-6, but also could inhibit the signal transduction of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Moreover, LREE could significantly inhibit the differentiation of CD4+ T cells to Th17 cells in vitro and decrease the proportion of Th17 cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of model mice in vivo. Besides, LREE could also alleviate the disease symptoms, reduce intestinal permeability and improve histopathological changes of colitis model mice. Together, LREE can significantly inhibit the production and secretion of IL-6, regulate IL-6/STAT3 signal transduction, and modulate the balance of Th17 and Treg cells and effectively attenuate UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lai
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbiao Yang
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohuan Lou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijiang Zhang
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
| | - Mincong Huang
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, China
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Zhou M, Zhang Y, Tang R, Liu H, Du M, Gao Z, Ji Z, Fang H. HMGB1/TLR4 Signaling Affects Regulatory T Cells in Acute Lung Injury. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1551-1561. [PMID: 33907436 PMCID: PMC8064684 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s302967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) serves as the prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, and TLR4 is considered a receptor for HMGB1. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in infectious diseases. The role of HMGB1 in the modulation of Tregs is of great interest. Methods Serum HMGB1 and Treg proportions were detected in 58 patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and 36 healthy volunteers. The correlations of these parameters with disease severity were analyzed. The WT and TLR4-/- mice were administered HMGB1 by intratracheal injection. After 48 h, the mice were sacrificed. The morphological changes and wet/dry ratio of the lung were measured. Spleen CD4+CD25+ Tregs were sorted from spleen cells, the expression of FOXP3 and CTLA-4, and releasing of cytokines was detected. CD4+CD25+ Tregs were cocultured with effector T cells, the inhibitory effect, and release of cytokines was detected. Results Significantly increased plasma levels of HMGB1 and reduced CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs were detected in ALI patients. In the mouse model, lung injury was significantly increased after HMGB1 instillation in the WT and TLR4-/- groups compared with control group. The lung wet/dry ratio and the TNF-α and IL-1β contents in BALF were significantly increased, and the severity of WT mice was higher than that of TLR4-/- mice. The expression of FOXP3 and CTLA-4 in TLR4-/- mice was significantly increased compared with that in WT mice and was associated with a similar trend of IL-10 and TGF-β levels (p<0.05). In coculture with effector T cells, Tregs isolated from TLR4-/- mice exhibited decreased IL-2 and IFN-γ and increased IL-4 levels compared with Tregs from WT mice. Increased polarization of TLR4-/- CD4+CD25+ Treg cells to Th2 cells was observed. Conclusion In HMGB1-induced lung injury, HMGB1 affects the expression of FOXP3 and CTLA-4 through TLR4, thus reducing the immunosuppressive function of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Neurocritical Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei and Hefei Hospital Affiliated with Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230011, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Tang
- Neurocritical Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Neurocritical Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Du
- Neurocritical Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Gao
- Neurocritical Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongshu Ji
- Neurocritical Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoshu Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
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31
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Yin J, Peng X, Lin J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Gao H, Tian X, Zhang R, Zhao G. Quercetin amelioratesAspergillus fumigatuskeratitis by inhibiting fungal growth, toll-like receptors and inflammatory cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107435. [PMID: 33550031 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin on Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis. METHODS Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and C57BL/6 mice were stimulated by A. fumigatus and treated with quercetin or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) after infection. In HCECs, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and cytotoxicity tests (CCK-8) were used to detect the antifungal effect and cytotoxicity of quercetin. In mice with A. fumigatuskeratitis, clinical score, plate counting and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were performed to evaluate the effects of quercetin in vivo. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay and immunofluorescence staining were applied to assess neutrophil recruitment and infiltration. Real time PCR (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory mediators. RESULTS Compared with DMSO control, quercetin (16-64 μM) significantly inhibited the growth of A. fumigatus in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting cell viability in HCECs. In corneas of mice with A. fumigatuskeratitis, quercetin decreased clinical score and fungal load, and reduced neutrophil recruitment and infiltration to the corneal stroma. Moreover, quercetin attenuated the expression of inflammatory mediators including toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), TLR-2, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that quercetin treatment can ameliorate A. fumigatus keratitis by inhibiting the growth of A. fumigatus, decreasing neutrophil recruitment and infiltration, and downregulating the productions of TLR-4, TLR-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1, indicating quercetin is likely to become a potential therapeutic agent in FK treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Yingxue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, NO. 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266042, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, China.
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32
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Ladurner A, Schwarz PF, Dirsch VM. Natural products as modulators of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs). Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:757-781. [PMID: 33118578 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1994 to 2020 Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) belong to a subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily and possess prominent roles in circadian rhythm, metabolism, inflammation, and cancer. They have been subject of research for over two decades and represent attractive but challenging drug targets. Natural products were among the first identified ligands of RORs and continue to be of interest to this day. This review focuses on ligands and indirect modulators of RORs from natural sources and explores their roles in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Patrik F Schwarz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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33
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The role of invariant natural killer T cells and associated immunoregulatory factors in triptolide-induced cholestatic liver injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Wang S, Li M, Sun F, Chen C, Ye J, Li D, Qian J, Du M. Th17/Treg-cell balance in the peripheral blood of pregnant females with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion receiving progesterone or cyclosporine A. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:37. [PMID: 33273967 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful pregnancy requires the maternal immune system to accept a fetus expressing allogeneic paternal antigens and provide competent responses to infections. Accordingly, maternal-fetal immune abnormalities may have an important role in the development of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Ever since the establishment of the association between immunologic abnormalities and RSA, various types of immune therapy to restore normal immune homeostasis have been increasingly developed. Although previous studies have focused on the maternal-fetal interface, non-invasive examination is of great importance in clinical practice. The present study investigated the balance between type-17 T-helper (Th17) and T-regulatory (Treg) cells in the peripheral blood to improve the current understanding of the pathogenesis of RSA. Imbalances in Th17/Treg cells and associated molecular profiles were observed in patients with RSA. Furthermore, it was determined that the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A reduced the proportion of Th17 cells and promoted Treg-cell dominance by upregulating the expression of co-inhibitory molecules in pregnant females with a history of RSA. Progesterone, the traditional maternal-care drug, also had a certain immunomodulatory role through restoring the levels of several co-inhibitory molecules (including T-cell immunoglobulin mucin family member-3, programmed cell death-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4) in the treatment of RSA. Changes in these immune molecules within the maternal peripheral blood may be indicators for monitoring pregnancy and prediction of RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songcun Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Mengdie Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Fengrun Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Chunqin Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Dajin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Meirong Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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35
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Sayed AM, Hassanein EH, Salem SH, Hussein OE, Mahmoud AM. Flavonoids-mediated SIRT1 signaling activation in hepatic disorders. Life Sci 2020; 259:118173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Pan X, Zhou J, Chen Y, Xie X, Rao C, Liang J, Zhang Y, Peng C. Classification, hepatotoxic mechanisms, and targets of the risk ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine-induced liver injury. Toxicol Lett 2020; 323:48-56. [PMID: 32017980 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become a crucial cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Differ from chemical medicines, TCM feature more complex and mostly indefinite components. This review aimed to clarify the classification, underlying mechanisms and targets of the risk components in TCM-induced liver injury to further guide the secure application of TCM. Relevant studies or articles published on the PubMed database from January 2008 to December 2019 were searched. Based on the different chemical structures of the risk ingredients in TCM, they are divided into alkaloids, glycosides, toxic proteins, terpenoids and lactones, anthraquinones, and heavy metals. According to whether drug metabolism is activated or hepatocytes are directly attacked during TCM-induced liver injury, the high-risk substances can be classified into metabolic activation, non-metabolic activation, and mixed types. Mechanisms of the hepatotoxic ingredients in TCM-induced hepatotoxicity, including cytochrome P450 (CYP450) induction, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and idiosyncratic reaction, were also summarized. The targets involved in the risk ingredient-induced hepatocellular injury mainly include metabolic enzymes, nuclear receptors, transporters, and signaling pathways. Our periodic review and summary on the risk signals of TCM-induced liver injury must be beneficial to the integrated analysis on the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-effect characteristics of TCM-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Pan
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jie Liang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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37
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Saccol RDSP, da Silveira KL, Manzoni AG, Abdalla FH, de Oliveira JS, Dornelles GL, Barbisan F, Passos DF, Casali EA, de Andrade CM, da Cruz IBM, Leal DBR. Antioxidant, hepatoprotective, genoprotective, and cytoprotective effects of quercetin in a murine model of arthritis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2792-2801. [PMID: 31691375 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a highly debilitating inflammatory autoimmune disease which is characterized by joint destruction. The present study sought to investigate the effect of quercetin in rats with complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis. Animals were divided into control/saline, control/quercetin (5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg) arthritis/saline, and arthritis/quercetin (5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg); the treatments were administered for 45 days. Biochemical, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity parameters were evaluated. All doses of quercetin reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and reactive oxygen species; however, only treatment with 25 or 50 mg/kg increased catalase activity. Total thiol and reduced glutathione levels were not significantly affected by the induction nor by the treatments. Genotoxicity assessed by DNA damage, and cytotoxicity through picogreen assay, decreased after treatments with quercetin. Our results present evidence of the antioxidant, cytoprotective, genoprotective and hepatoprotective, and effects of quercetin, demonstrating its potential as a candidate for coadjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata da Silva Pereira Saccol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Karine Lanes da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Guedes Manzoni
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Fátima Husein Abdalla
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Juliana Sorraila de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Lopes Dornelles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Barbisan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Biogenômica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Daniela Ferreira Passos
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Emerson André Casali
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Biogenômica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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38
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Pingili RB, Challa SR, Pawar AK, Toleti V, Kodali T, Koppula S. A systematic review on hepatoprotective activity of quercetin against various drugs and toxic agents: Evidence from preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2019; 34:5-32. [PMID: 31617262 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is one of the most abundant flavonoids in human diet that has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective activity of quercetin were discussed in this review. Quercetin exhibited hepatoprotective activity against 2-butoxyethanol, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, aflatoxin B1, aroclor-1254, arsenic, sodium arsenite, azathioprine, cadmium chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chlorpyrifos, cyclosporine A, diazinon, dimethylnitrosamine, doxorubicin, epirubicin, ethanol, fenvalerate, isoniazide, rifampicin, lead acetate, lindane, D-galactosamine, methotrexate, methylmercury, nickel sulfate, paracetamol, perfluorooctanoic acid, polychlorinated biphenyls, pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine, rotenone, sodium fluoride, streptazotocin, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, thioacetamide, titanium dioxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, tripterygium glycoside, triptolide, ultraviolet A light, concavalin A, bisphenol, and ischemia-induced hepatotoxicity in various animal models due to its antioxidant, free radical-scavenging,anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) inhibitory activities. In this review, we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms by which quercetin reduced the hepatotoxicity of different hepatotoxicants. This will help the toxicologists, pharmacologists, and chemists to develop new safer pharmaceutical products with quercetin and other hepatotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Babu Pingili
- Research and Development, Department of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, India.,Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - A Krishnamanjari Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Vyshnavi Toleti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - Tanvija Kodali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - Sirisha Koppula
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
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39
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Triptolide-loaded nanoparticles targeting breast cancer in vivo with reduced toxicity. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118721. [PMID: 31626922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), a diterpenoid triepoxide that is extracted from the plant Tripterygium wilfordii, has been found to be quite effective for treating many malignant tumors. Although TP was initially considered to be a promising chemotherapeutic agent, its poor solubility and high toxicity limited its potential clinical application. Consequently, we synthesized nanoformulated TP coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) for application in treating breast cancer. Our results showed that TP can prevent tumor progression, but at the cost of significant toxicity. By contrast, using the nanoformulated TP, uptake of drugs into the tumor can be facilitated, which leads to a further increase in efficacy while decreasing systemic toxicity.
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40
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Lv H, Jiang L, Zhu M, Li Y, Luo M, Jiang P, Tong S, Zhang H, Yan J. The genus Tripterygium: A phytochemistry and pharmacological review. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Yue P, Jing L, Zhao X, Zhu H, Teng J. Down-regulation of taurine-up-regulated gene 1 attenuates inflammation by sponging miR-9-5p via targeting NF-κB1/p50 in multiple sclerosis. Life Sci 2019; 233:116731. [PMID: 31394128 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by widespread inflammation. LncRNA taurine-up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) has been reported to be involved in multiple biological processes and human diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lncRNA TUG1 in MS and the underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (MOG35-55). Lentiviral vectors encoding sh-TUG1 was constructed to silence TUG1 in MOG-EAE mice by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. The effect of TUG1 on inflammation in MS was evaluated by real-time PCR, Western blot, ELISA and Hematoxylin-eosin staining. To further study the mechanism of TUG1 in MS, TUG1 knockdown and miR-9-5p overexpression were performed in LPS-induced BV2 cells. KEY FINDINGS Down-regulation of TUG1 improved mice behavior, reduced granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) level, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17, and increased IL-10 in EAE mice. Notably, TUG1 expression was negatively correlated with miR-9-5p expression, while positively correlated with NF-κB1/p50. Knockdown of TUG1 or enforced expression of miR-9-5p inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 cells, while these effects were abolished by inhibition of miR-9-5p. We further verified that TUG1 negatively regulated miR-9-5p expression and NF-κB1/p50 is a direct target of miR-9-5p. SIGNIFICANCE Down-regulation of TUG1 attenuates MS through inhibition of inflammation by sponging miR-9-5p via targeting NF-κB1/p50, suggesting that TUG1 is a potential therapeutic target for MS treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Proliferation
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/prevention & control
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/genetics
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijian Yue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijun Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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42
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Santa K, Kumazawa Y, Nagaoka I. The Potential Use of Grape Phytochemicals for Preventing the Development of Intestine-Related and Subsequent Inflammatory Diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:794-802. [PMID: 31142251 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190529105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape phytochemicals prevent intestine-related and subsequent other inflammatory diseases. Phytochemicals and vitamin D are useful for the regulation of inflammatory responses. Phytochemicals is the generic name for terpenoids, carotenoids, and flavonoids that consist of a variety of chemicals contained in vegetables and fruits. There are a variety of grape cultivars that contain many kinds of phytochemicals in their skin and seeds. Grape phytochemicals including Grape Seed Extracts (GSE) have already been used to maintain healthy condition through manipulating inflammatory responses by decreasing the expression of inflammation-related factors. DISCUSSION Grape phytochemicals mainly consist of a variety of chemicals that include terpenoid (oleanolic acid), carotenoids (β-carotene, lutein), and flavonoids: flavon-3-ols (quercetin), flavan-3-ols (catechins), anthocyanins, oligomers and polymers (tannins and proanthocyanidins), and resveratrol. Phytochemicals improve the dysbiosis (gut microbiota complication) induced by metabolic syndrome and regulate inflammatory diseases induced by TNF-α production. Once absorbed, flavonoids change into glucuronide-form, move into the bloodstream and reach the inflammatory sites including liver, lung, and sites of arteriosclerosis, where they become active. Furthermore, oleanolic acid acts on TGR5 - the cholic acid receptor, as an agonist of cholic acid. These anti-inflammatory effects of phytochemicals have been proven by the experimental animal studies and the clinical trials. CONCLUSION It is expected the new health food products will be created from grape skins and seeds since grape phytochemicals participate in the prevention of inflammatory diseases like intestine-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Santa
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Vino Science Japan, Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kumazawa
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Vino Science Japan, Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang S, Qian J, Sun F, Li M, Ye J, Li M, Du M, Li D. Bidirectional regulation between 1st trimester HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cells and in vitro differentiated Th17/Treg cells suggest a fetal-maternal regulatory loop in human pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13106. [PMID: 30811743 PMCID: PMC6594139 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Problem During normal pregnancy, delicate crosstalk is established between fetus‐derived trophoblasts and maternal immune cells to ensure maternal‐fetal tolerance and successful placentation. Dysfunction in these interactions has been highly linked to certain pregnancy complications. Method of study Naïve CD4+T cells were cultivated with or without 1st trimester derived trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo cells in the absence or presence of T helper 17 (Th17) or regulatory (Treg)cell‐inducing differentiation conditions. After 5 days of co‐culture, HTR8/SVneo cells and CD4+T cells were harvested and analyzed using flow cytometry. Results CD4+T cells exposed to HTR8/SVneo cells showed enhanced induction of CD4+Foxp3+Treg cells with strong expression of TGF‐β1 and inhibitory molecules (cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated protein‐4 [CTLA‐4], T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin‐3 [Tim‐3], and programmed cell death‐1 [PD‐1]). Though not effecting Th17 differentiation, exposure to HTR8/SVneo cells promoted increased expression of proliferative and apoptotic markers on Th17 cells. Co‐culture with Th0 cells, or differentiated Th17 or Treg cells, down‐regulated Caspase‐3 and MMP‐9 (but not MMP‐2) expression in HTR8/SVneo cells, while promoting Ki67 expression. Conclusions HTR8/SVneo cells regulated maternal CD4+T‐cell differentiation, resulting in the expansion of immunosuppressive Treg cells, while CD4+T cells might promote the growth, and control the invasiveness of HTR8/SVneo cells. Thus, a bidirectional regulatory loop might exist between trophoblasts and maternal immune cell subsets, thereby promoting harmonious maternal‐fetal crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songcun Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Qian
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengrun Sun
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdie Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangfeng Ye
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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Gu Y, Tang X, Yang M, Yang D, Liu J. Transdermal drug delivery of triptolide-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: Preparation, pharmacokinetic, and evaluation for rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Pharm 2019; 554:235-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Effect of compound sophorae decoction on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice by regulating Th17/Treg cell balance. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2396-2408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Quercetin attenuates toosendanin-induced hepatotoxicity through inducing the Nrf2/GCL/GSH antioxidant signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:75-85. [PMID: 29921882 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN) is the main active compound in Toosendan Fructus and Meliae Cortex, two commonly used traditional Chinese medicines. TSN has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity, but its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the critical role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in protecting against TSN-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and human normal liver L-02 cells. In mice, administration of TSN (10 mg/kg)-induced acute liver injury evidenced by increased serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and total bilirubin (TBiL) content as well as the histological changes. Furthermore, TSN markedly increased liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased liver glutathione (GSH) content and Nrf2 expression. In L-02 cells, TSN (2 μM) time-dependently reduced glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity and cellular expression of the catalytic/modify subunit of GCL (GCLC/GCLM). Moreover, TSN reduced cellular GSH content and the increased ROS formation, and time-dependently decreased Nrf2 expression and increased the expression of the Nrf2 inhibitor protein kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1). Pre-administration of quercetin (40, 80 mg/kg) effectively inhibited TSN-induced liver oxidative injury and reversed the decreased expression of Nrf2 and GCLC/GCLM in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the quercetin-provided protection against TSN-induced hepatotoxicity was diminished in Nrf2 knock-out mice. In conclusion, TSN decreases cellular GSH content by reducing Nrf2-mediated GCLC/GCLM expression via decreasing Nrf2 expression. Quercetin attenuates TSN-induced hepatotoxicity by inducing the Nrf2/GCL/GSH antioxidant signaling pathway. This study implies that inducing Nrf2 activation may be an effective strategy to prevent TSN-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Tan QY, Hu Q, Zhu SN, Jia LL, Xiao J, Su HZ, Huang SY, Zhang J, Jin J. Licorice root extract and magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate protect against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity via up-regulation of the Nrf2 pathway. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1213-1223. [PMID: 29791258 PMCID: PMC6058668 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1472676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Triptolide, the predominant biologically active component of the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f., possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, anti-neoplastic, and immunosuppressive effects. However, toxicity and severe adverse effects, particularly hepatotoxicity, limit the clinical application of triptolide. Licorice root extract contains various bioactive compounds and is potent hepatoprotective. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate, a magnesium salt of the 18α-glycyrrhizic acid stereoisomer of glycyrrhizic acid, is used clinically in China to treat chronic viral hepatitis and acute drug-induced liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway in the protective effects of LE and MIG against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity models were established in L-02 cells and rats using triptolide, and the protective effects of LE and MIG were investigated in vitro and in vivo, respectively. LE and MIG significantly protected against triptolide-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, triptolide decreased the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and down-regulated Nrf2 target genes, including UGT1A, BSEP, and MRP2, while pretreatment with LE and MIG reversed these effects. Finally, Nrf2-involved antioxidant responses were activated in the presence of LE and MIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-You Tan
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,b Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,c China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center , Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Qian Hu
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhu
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,b Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,c China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center , Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Lu-Lu Jia
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Juan Xiao
- b Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,c China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center , Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Hua-Zhen Su
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Shao-Yuan Huang
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- a Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,b Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
| | - Junfei Jin
- b Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,c China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center , Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China.,d Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair , Guilin Medical University , Guilin , PR China
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Li X, Zhao L, Han JJ, Zhang F, Liu S, Zhu L, Wang ZZ, Zhang GX, Zhang Y. Carnosol Modulates Th17 Cell Differentiation and Microglial Switch in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1807. [PMID: 30150982 PMCID: PMC6100297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants as a rich pool for developing novel small molecule therapeutic medicine have been used for thousands of years. Carnosol as a bioactive diterpene compound originated from Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) and Salvia officinalis, herbs extensively applied in traditional medicine for the treatment of multiple autoimmune diseases (1). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and molecule mechanism of carnosol in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Carnosol treatment significantly alleviated clinical development in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) peptide-induced EAE model, markedly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration into the central nervous system and reduced demyelination. Further, carnosol inhibited Th17 cell differentiation and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation, and blocked transcription factor NF-κB nuclear translocation. In the passive-EAE model, carnosol treatment also significantly prevented Th17 cell pathogenicity. Moreover, carnosol exerted its therapeutic effects in the chronic stage of EAE, and, remarkably, switched the phenotypes of infiltrated macrophage/microglia. Taken together, our results show that carnosol has enormous potential for development as a therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Li Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Juan Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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周 玉, 孙 玉, 李 萍, 秦 国, 程 倩, 刘 宇, 陈 滢, 王 国. [Monoside antagonizes triptolide-induced hepatocyte apoptosis via the anti-oxidative stress pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:949-955. [PMID: 30187882 PMCID: PMC6744036 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.08.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of monoside against triptolide-induced liver injury and explore its molecular mechanism. METHODS BALB/C mice treated with gastric lavage with triptolide and monoside, either alone or in combination, were examined for changes of hepatic biochemical parameters using the serological method. The growth inhibition rate of HepG2 cells treated with triptolide or monoside or both was assessed with MTT assay, and the cell morphological changes were observed using laser confocal microscopy; the expressions of the target proteins in the antioxidative stress pathway were detected using flow cytometry and Western blotting. RESULTS In BALB/C mice, gastric lavage of triptolide induced obvious hepatic damage. In HepG2 cells, treatment with triptolide significantly inhibited the cell growth, resulting in a cell viability as low as 72.83% at 24 h; triptolide also induced obvious cell apoptosis and cell nucleus deformation, causing an apoptosis rate of 43.1% in the cells at 24 h. Triptolide significantly reduced the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins related with the oxidative stress pathway. Combined treatment with morroniside obviously reversed these changes, resulting in significantly decreased hepatic biochemical parameters and the liver index in BALB/C mice and in significantly lowered cell apoptosis rate, improved cell morphology, and increased Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Monoside protects against triptolide-induced liver injury possibly by relieving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- 玉燕 周
- 皖南医学院药物研发中心//药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002Drug Research & Development Center/School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- 安徽省多糖药物药物工程技术研究中心//活性生物大分子研究安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 玉 孙
- 皖南医学院药物研发中心//药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002Drug Research & Development Center/School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- 安徽省多糖药物药物工程技术研究中心//活性生物大分子研究安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 萍 李
- 皖南医学院药物研发中心//药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002Drug Research & Development Center/School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- 安徽省多糖药物药物工程技术研究中心//活性生物大分子研究安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 国正 秦
- 皖南医学院药物研发中心//药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002Drug Research & Development Center/School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- 安徽省多糖药物药物工程技术研究中心//活性生物大分子研究安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 倩 程
- 皖南医学院药物研发中心//药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002Drug Research & Development Center/School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - 宇 刘
- 皖南医学院药物研发中心//药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002Drug Research & Development Center/School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - 滢俐 陈
- 皖南医学院药物研发中心//药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002Drug Research & Development Center/School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - 国栋 王
- 皖南医学院药物研发中心//药学院,安徽 芜湖 241002Drug Research & Development Center/School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- 安徽省多糖药物药物工程技术研究中心//活性生物大分子研究安徽省重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241002Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Wuhu 241002, China
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