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Rameshrad M, Naraki K, Memariani Z, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of Panax ginseng as a medical food against chemical toxic agents: molecular and cellular mechanisms. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03186-5. [PMID: 38861010 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to different types of toxic agents, which may directly induce organ malfunction or indirectly alter gene expression, leading to carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, and eventually death. Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is the most valuable of all medicinal herbs. Nevertheless, specific data on the antidotal mechanisms of this golden herb are currently unavailable. Based on the findings of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, this review focused on the probable protective mechanisms of ginseng and its major components, such as protopanaxadiols, protopanaxatriols, and pentacyclic ginsenosides against various chemical toxic agents. Relevant articles from 2000 to 2023 were gathered from PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. This literature review shows that P. ginseng and its main components have protective and antidotal effects against the deteriorative effects of pesticides, pharmaceutical agents, including acetaminophen, doxorubicin, isoproterenol, cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, and gentamicin, ethanol, and some chemical agents. These improvements occur through multi-functional mechanisms. They exhibit antioxidant activity, induce anti-inflammatory action, and block intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. However, relevant clinical trials are necessary to validate the mentioned effects and translate the knowledge from basic science to human benefit, fulfilling the fundamental goal of all toxicologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rameshrad
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Wang W, Li K, Xiao W. The pharmacological role of Ginsenoside Rg3 in liver diseases: A review on molecular mechanisms. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:129-139. [PMID: 38465219 PMCID: PMC10920009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are a significant global health burden and are among the most common diseases. Ginssennoside Rg3 (Rg3), which is one of the most abundant ginsenosides, has been found to have significant preventive and therapeutic effects against various types of diseases with minimal side effects. Numerous studies have demonstrated the significant preventive and therapeutic effects of Rg3 on various liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, acute liver injury, nonalcoholic liver diseases (NAFLD), liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The underlying molecular mechanism behind these effects is attributed to apoptosis, autophagy, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. This review provides a comprehensive description of the potential molecular mechanisms of Rg3 in the development of liver diseases. The article focuses on the regulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, autophagy, inflammation, and other related factors. Additionally, the review discusses combination therapy and liver targeting strategy, which can accelerate the translation of Rg3 from bench to bedside. Overall, this article serves as a valuable reference for researchers and clinicians alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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He H, Ji X, Cao L, Wang Z, Wang X, Li XM, Miao M. Lycopene alleviates food allergy by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway in peanut-sensitized BALB/c mice. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152731. [PMID: 37607433 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies, which lead to life-threatening acute symptoms, are considered an important public health problem. Therefore, it is essential to develop efficient preventive and treatment measures. We developed a crude peanut protein extract (PPE)-induced allergy mouse model to investigate the effects of lycopene on peanut allergy. Mice were divided into four groups: 5 mg/kg lycopene, 20 mg/kg lycopene, no treatment, and control groups. Serum inflammatory factors were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, pathology and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to examine the small intestine of mice. We found that lycopene decreased PPE-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IL-13 levels in the serum, relieved small intestine inflammation, attenuated the production of histamine and mouse mast cell protease-1, and downregulated PI3K and AKT1 expression in the small intestine tissues of mice allergic to peanuts. Our results suggest that lycopene can ameliorate allergy by attenuating the PI3K/AKT pathway and the anaphylactic reactions mediated by PPE-specific IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan He
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, New York, NY 10595, United States.
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Shan M, Ma Q, Sun Y, Gao F, Cai S. The Protective Effect and Mechanism of a Phytochemical Extract from the Wild Vegetable Shutou ( Crateva unilocularis Buch.) against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Foods 2023; 12:3109. [PMID: 37628108 PMCID: PMC10453156 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) abuse is a common public health problem which can cause severe liver damage. However, strategies for dealing with this situation safely and effectively are very limited. The goal of the current work was to evaluate the protection and potential molecular mechanisms of an ethanol extract from shoots of the wild vegetable shutou (Crateva unilocularis Buch.) (ECS) against APAP-induced liver damage in mice. Mice orally received ECS for seven days (300 or 600 mg/kg b.w. per day) before being intraperitoneally injected with APAP (250 mg/kg). Results exhibited that ECS obviously decreased the content of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and malondialdehyde (p < 0.05). Catalase and superoxide dismutase were notably restored (p < 0.05), and the content of reduced glutathione was obviously increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, ECS significantly inhibited the secretion of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.05). Further analyses of the mechanisms showed that ECS may alleviate oxidative stress in the liver by increasing the expression of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and NADH quinone oxidoreductase 1 proteins, and may suppress liver inflammation by inhibiting the expression of the phosphorylated-inhibitor kappa B alpha/inhibitor kappa B alpha, phosphorylated-nuclear factor κB/nuclear factor κB, and cyclooxygenase-2 proteins. Meanwhile, ECS inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis by enhancing B-cell lymphoma gene 2 and suppressing Bcl-2-associated X protein. In summary, ECS may be used as a dietary supplement to prevent the liver damage caused by APAP abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Shan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (M.S.); (Q.M.); (Y.S.)
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (M.S.); (Q.M.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yilin Sun
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (M.S.); (Q.M.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fengyi Gao
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (M.S.); (Q.M.); (Y.S.)
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Bian XB, Yu PC, Yang XH, Han L, Wang QY, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Sun X. The effect of ginsenosides on liver injury in preclinical studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1184774. [PMID: 37251340 PMCID: PMC10213882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1184774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver injury is a severe liver lesion caused by various etiologies and is one of the main areas of medical research. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has traditionally been used as medicine to treat diseases and regulate body functions. Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng, and their effects on liver injury have been extensively reported. Methods: Preclinical studies meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang Data Knowledge Service Platforms. The Stata 17.0 was used to perform the meta-analysis, meta-regression, and subgroup analysis. Results: This meta-analysis included ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, and compound K (CK), in 43 articles. The overall results showed that multiple ginsenosides significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), affected oxidative stress-related indicators, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), and reduced levels of inflammatory factor, such as factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6). Additionally, there was a large amount of heterogeneity in the meta-analysis results. Our predefined subgroup analysis shows that the animal species, the type of liver injury model, the duration of treatment, and the administration route may be the sources of some of the heterogeneity. Conclusion: In a word, ginsenosides have good efficacy against liver injury, and their potential mechanisms of action target antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic-related pathways. However, the overall methodological quality of our current included studies was low, and more high-quality studies are needed to confirm their effects and mechanisms further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Bo Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Liu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Qi-Yao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Lian-Xue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
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Meng M, Gao R, Liu Z, Liu F, Du S, Song Y, He J. Ginsenosides, potential TMPRSS2 inhibitors, a trade-off between the therapeutic combination for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and the treatment of COVID-19 infection of LUAD patients. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1085509. [PMID: 36992839 PMCID: PMC10040610 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1085509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acting as a viral entry for coronavirus to invade human cells, TMPRSS2 has become a target for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. Before this, TMPRSS2 has presented biological functions in cancer, but the roles remain controversial and the mechanism remains unelucidated. Some chemicals have been reported to be inhibitors of TMPRSS2 and also demonstrated other pharmacological properties. At this stage, it is important to discover more new compounds targeting TMPRSS2, especially from natural products, for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection.Methods: We analyzed the correlation between TMPRSS2 expression, methylation level, overall survival rate, clinical parameters, biological process, and determined the correlation between TMPRSS2 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor and adjacent normal tissue of adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) respectively by using various types of bioinformatics approaches. Moreover, we determined the correlation between TMPRSS2 protein level and the prognosis of LUAD and LUSC cohorts by immunohistochemistry assay. Furthermore, the cancer immunome atlas (TCIA) database was used to predict the relationship between the expression of TMPRSS2 and response to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blocker immunotherapy in lung cancer patients. Finally, the putative binding site of ginsenosides bound to TMPRSS2 protein was built from homology modeling to screen high-potency TMPRSS2 inhibitors.Results: We found that TMPRSS2 recruits various types of immunocytes, including CD8+, CD4+ T cells, B cells and DCs both in LUAD and LUSC patients, and the correlation between TMPRSS2 expression and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are stronger in LUAD rather than in LUSC, but excludes macrophages and neutrophils in LUAD patient cohorts. These might be the reason that higher mRNA and protein levels of TMPRSS2 are associated with better prognosis in LUAD cohorts rather than in LUSC cohorts. Furthermore, we found that TMPRSS2 was positively correlated with the prognosis in patient nonresponse to anti-PD-1 therapy. Therefore, we made an inference that increasing the expression level of TMPRSS2 may improve the anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy. Finally, five ginsenosides candidates with high inhibition potency were screened from the natural chemical library to be used as TMPRSS2 inhibitors.Conclusion: All these may imply that TMPRSS2 might be a novel prognostic biomarker and serve as a potential immunomodulator target of immunotherapy combination therapies in LUAD patients nonresponse to anti-PD-1 therapy. Also, these findings may suggest we should pay more attention to LUAD patients, especially those infected with COVID-19, who should avoid medicating TMPRSS2 inhibitors, such as ginsenosides to gain prophylactic and therapeutic benefits against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Engineering Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
- School of Computer Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jian He, ; Yizhi Song, ; Shiyu Du,
| | - Yizhi Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian He, ; Yizhi Song, ; Shiyu Du,
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jian He, ; Yizhi Song, ; Shiyu Du,
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Paeoniflorin Protects against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice via JNK Signaling Pathway. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238534. [PMID: 36500627 PMCID: PMC9739375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), represented by acetaminophen (APAP), is a common cause of acute liver failure in clinics. Paeoniflorin (PF) has been proven to demonstrate a significant hepatoprotective effect. However, it is still unclear whether it can be a potential agent against hepatotoxicity induced by APAP. This study aimed to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects and mechanisms of PF on APAP-induced liver injury. METHODS Different doses of PF (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were given to C57BL/6 male mice for five consecutive days. After 12 h of APAP (250 mg/kg i.p.) treatment, blood and liver tissues were collected and isolated for detection. RESULTS The results showed that the therapeutic effects of PF on APAP mice were presented in the downregulation of the content of serum indices and significantly improved hepatic tissue edema and inflammatory infiltration. Meanwhile, PF reduces the level of the mitochondrial metabolic enzyme. Ulteriorly, it was found that PF has a downregulating effect on the apoptotic reaction and could inhibit the protein expression of CYP2E1/JNK signaling, which in turn reduces the damage of APAP. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that PF acted as a protective agent against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting JNK-related signals, suggesting a novel insight into treating APAP-induced liver injury.
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Li J, Wang C, Han X, Liu S, Gao X, Guo C, Wu X. Aramid Nanofibers-Reinforced Rhein Fibrous Hydrogels as Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Burn Wound Dressings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45167-45177. [PMID: 36181475 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are one of the most devastating traumas. The development of polymer-based hydrogel dressings to prevent bacterial infection and accelerate burn wound healing is continuously desired. Mechanical strong hydrogels that encapsulated antibacterial drugs have gained increasing attention. Herein, aramid nanofibers (ANFs)-reinforced rhein fibrous hydrogels (ANFs/Rhein) were fabricated through a one-pot procedure to serve as a possible treatment for the Staphylococcus aureus-infected burn wound. ANFs preserved the highly aligned backbones and the mechanical properties of Kevlar, and its combination with an antibacterial drug rhein produced a composite hydrogel that possesses favorable physicochemical properties including appropriate mechanical strength, high water holding capacity, satisfactory antibacterial efficiency, and excellent biocompatibility. As wound dressings, ANFs/Rhein hydrogels provided a moist environment for the wound site and released antibacterial drugs continuously to improve the wound healing rate by efficiently restraining bacterial infection, reducing inflammation, enhancing collagen deposition, and promoting the formation of blood vessels, in this way to offer a potential treatment strategy for bacteria-associated burn wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiangsheng Han
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaochen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Wang X, Wang R, Qiao Y, Li Y. Progress on the efficacy and mechanism of action of panax ginseng monomer saponins treat toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1022266. [PMID: 36199681 PMCID: PMC9527293 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1022266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (PG) has preventive and therapeutic effects on various diseases. Ginsenosides are main active ingredients of PG and have good pharmacological effects. Due to the diversity of chemical structures and physicochemical properties of ginsenosides, Currently, related studies on PG monomer saponins are mainly focused on the cardiovascular system, nervous system, antidiabetic, and antitumor. There are few types of research on the toxin treatment, predominantly exogenous toxicity. PG and its monomer ginsenosides are undoubtedly a practical option for treating exogenous toxicity for drug-induced or metal-induced side effects such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, metal toxicity and other exogenous toxicity caused by drugs or metals. The mechanism focuses on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic, as well as modulation of signaling pathways. It summarized the therapeutic effects of ginseng monomer saponins on exogenous toxicity and demonstrated that ginsenosides could be used as potential drugs to treat exogenous toxicity and reduce drug toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Rongcan Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongfei Qiao
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yali Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Cultivation and Propagation, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yali Li,
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Wang J, Zeng L, Zhang Y, Qi W, Wang Z, Tian L, Zhao D, Wu Q, Li X, Wang T. Pharmacological properties, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of ginsenoside Rg3 as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:975784. [PMID: 36133804 PMCID: PMC9483152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.975784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress lead to various acute or chronic diseases, including pneumonia, liver and kidney injury, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Ginseng is a well-known and widely used ethnic medicine in Asian countries, and ginsenoside Rg3 is a saponin isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Panax notoginseng, or Panax quinquefolius L. This compound has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which have been evaluated in disease models of inflammation and oxidative stress. Rg3 can attenuate lung inflammation, prevent liver and kidney function damage, mitigate neuroinflammation, prevent cerebral and myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury, and improve hypertension and diabetes symptoms. The multitarget, multipathway mechanisms of action of Rg3 have been gradually deciphered. This review summarizes the existing knowledge on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg3, suggesting that ginsenoside Rg3 may be a promising candidate drug for the treatment of diseases with inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qibiao Wu, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Tan Wang,
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Qibiao Wu, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Tan Wang,
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Qibiao Wu, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Tan Wang,
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Wei W, Liu L, Liu X, Tao Y, Zhao X, Gong J, Wang Y, Liu S. Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Black Ginseng on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200719. [PMID: 36040357 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of BG on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using network pharmacology combined with the molecular docking strategy. The saponin composition of BG was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) instrument. Then the network pharmacology was applied to explore the potential targets and related mechanisms of BG in the treatment of NAFLD. After screening out key targets, molecular docking was used to predict the binding modes between ginsenoside and target. Finally, a methionine and choline deficiency (MCD) diet-induced NAFLD mice model was established to further confirm the therapeutic effect of BG on NAFLD. Twenty-four ginsenosides were annotated based on the MS and tandem MS information. Ten proteins were screened out as key targets closely related to BG treatment of NAFLD. The molecular docking showed that most of the ginsenosides had good binding affinities with ALT1. The validation experiment revealed that BG administration could reduce serum ALT, and AST levels and improve the MCD diet-induced histological changes in liver tissue. Moreover, BG could upregulate the phosphorylation level of AKT in the liver of NAFLD mice, thereby exerting the therapeutic effect on NAFLD. Further studies on the active ginsenosides as well as their synergistic action on NAFLD will be required to reveal the underlying mechanisms in-depth. This study demonstrates that network pharmacological prediction in conjunction with molecular docking is a viable technique for screening the active chemicals and related targets of BG that can be applied to other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin ginseng academy, Boshuo Road 1035, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130117, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Liming Liu
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hanlin Road 77, Jilin, CHINA
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Boshuo Road 1035, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130117, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Ye Tao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Boshuo Road 1035, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130117, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Xu Zhao
- Chinese PLA General Hospital Fifth Medical Center South Campus, Department of Hepatology, Beijing, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Jiyu Gong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Boshuo Road 1035, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130117, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Yang Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Boshuo Road 1035, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130117, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Shuying Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin ginseng academy, Boshuo Road 1035, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130117, Changchun, CHINA
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12
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Gong J, Zhang H, Yu H, Zhang X, Wang R, Gao J. Evaluation on Hepatoprotection of Dihydromyricetin in Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity Based on Analysis of Inflammation and Apoptosis Mediated by PI3K/AKT Pathway. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221114234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to investigate whether dihydromyricetin (DHM) could alleviate acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage in mice, and to verify whether the process is associated with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Methods: The contents of DHM in serum and related physiological indicators in blood and liver tissue were measured, respectively. We used haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), TUNEL, Hoechst 33,258, immunofluorescence assay and western blot methods to comprehensively assess the protective mechanism and therapeutic effect of DHM on liver damage induced by APAP (250 mg/kg) in mice. Results: APAP (250 mg/kg) could increase the expression of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and cause 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) overexpression and stress response in the PI3K/AKT pathway. DHM was also detected in the serum of mice about five minutes after administration. DHM pretreatment could reverse GSH depletion and CYP2E1 overexpression, reduce the expression of ALT, AST, malondialdehyde, 4-HNE, TNF-α, and IL-1β, meanwhile it could reverse the abnormal expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins which were induced by APAP. DHM pretreatment significantly reduced APAP-induced liver tissue apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammatory infiltration. Conclusion: DHM had a hepatoprotective effect on hepatotoxicity induced by APAP, which was shown by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and reducing hepatocyte apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Huan Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruman Wang
- College of Xinglin, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juntao Gao
- Department of Physiology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, China
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13
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Balaei N, Shoorei H, Hasan SMF, Hussen BM, Talebi SF, Taheri M, Ayatollahi SA. The effects of Ginsenosides on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6701-6716. [PMID: 35220526 PMCID: PMC9270311 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenosides belong to a group of steroid glycosides that are extracted from the plant genus Panax (ginseng). This plant has been used for a long time for the treatment of a variety of disorders in traditional medicine. Recent studies have assessed the biological impact of Ginsenosides in cell culture or animal models. Animal studies have shown their beneficial impacts in the remedy of pathological conditions in different tissues. The ameliorating effects of Ginsenosides in diverse pathogenic conditions can be attributed to their effects on the production of reactive oxygen species. These substances mainly affect the activity of AMPK/AKT and PI3K/AKT pathways. The beneficial effects of Ginsenosides have been appraised in diabetes-related complications, spinal cord injury, cerebral ischemia, myocardial ischemia, and other disorders which are associated with oxidative stress. Moreover, these substances have been shown to interfere with the pathologic conditions during carcinogenesis. In the current study, we explain these impacts in two distinct sections including non-neoplastic conditions and neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Balaei
- Department of Pharmacology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Syed Muhammad Farid Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Seyedeh Fahimeh Talebi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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14
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Wang YP, Wang YD, Liu YP, Cao JX, Yang ML, Wang YF, Khan A, Zhao TR, Cheng GG. 6'- O-Caffeoylarbutin from Que Zui tea ameliorates acetaminophen-induced liver injury via enhancing antioxidant ability and regulating the PI3K signaling pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:5299-5316. [PMID: 35441652 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00507g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Que Zui tea (QT), a traditional herbal tea in China, has a significant hepatoprotective effect. 6'-O-Caffeoylarbutin (CA) is the most abundant chemical compound in the QT. However, the hepatoprotective effect of CA has not been investigated. This study is aimed to evaluate the protective effect of CA on acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro and its possible underlying mechanism. In APAP-induced HepG-2 cells, CA inhibited intracellular ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis, and improved the expression of antioxidants including SOD, CAT and GSH. In APAP-administrated mice, CA pretreatment remarkably ameliorated the histopathological damage and inflammatory response, and antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum and liver tissues. Moreover, the immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assay results revealed that the CA markedly reduced ROS production and apoptosis, and activated antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 in the liver. Meanwhile, molecular docking results showed that the strong binding force of CA and PI3K was due to the higher number of hydrogen- and π-bonds with active site residues. Notably, CA pretreatment significantly regulated the expression of PI3K, Akt, Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 proteins in APAP-treated liver tissues. These data demonstrated that CA had a protective effect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity via regulating the PI3K/Akt and Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Peng Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yu-Dan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China. .,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Jian-Xin Cao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Mei-Lian Yang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yi-Fen Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tian-Rui Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Gui-Guang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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15
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Luo Y, Liu L, Zhao J, Jiao Y, Zhang M, Xu G, Jiang Y. PI3K/AKT1 Signaling Pathway Mediates Sinomenine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Apoptosis: An <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> Study. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:614-624. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Liwei Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Jihua Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yue Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Guangli Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yumao Jiang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
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16
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Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on apoptosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Genomics 2021; 114:229-240. [PMID: 34933073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is one of the main active ingredients in the fruit of L. barbarum L. It has been used as herbal medicine for thousands of years in China. In this study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was taken as the research object. After feeding tilapia with 5 different doses of LBP (0 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, 1500 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg) for 55 d, it was found that LBP could promote the growth of tilapia, and this effect was the strongest at Group 1500 mg/kg. Apoptosis analysis in the liver and spleen showed that dietary supplementation with 1000 mg/kg LBP had the best protective effect on the spleen and liver in tilapia. Combined transcriptomics and metabolomics of the spleen in tilapia at Group 0 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as NT5C2L1, pmm1, FasL and the differentially metabolites such as xanthine, dGMP, guanine and glutamate were mainly concentrated in signaling pathways such as Purine metabolism and FoxO signaling pathway. In conclusion, LBP regulates the metabolic waste levels of tilapia mainly through Purine metabolism and the FoxO signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting cell apoptosis, improving the utilization of nutrients, and promoting the growth of tilapia. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for the application of LBP in aquatic animals but also provides useful information for the healthy development of the aquaculture.
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17
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Ginsenoside Rg3 Attenuates TNF-α-Induced Damage in Chondrocytes through Regulating SIRT1-Mediated Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121972. [PMID: 34943075 PMCID: PMC8750552 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a common event in arthritis, and the subsequent signaling cascade that leads to tissue damage has become the research focus. To explore a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent cartilage degradation, we tested the effect of ginsenoside Rg3, a bioactive component of Panax ginseng, on TNF-α-stimulated chondrocytes.TC28a2 Human Chondrocytes were treated with TNF-α to induce damage of chondrocytes. SIRT1 and PGC-1a expression levels were investigated by Western blotting assay. Mitochondrial SIRT3 and acetylated Cyclophilin D (CypD) were investigated using mitochondrial isolation. The mitochondrial mass number and mitochondrial DNA copy were studied for mitochondrial biogenesis. MitoSOX and JC-1 were used for the investigation of mitochondrial ROS and membrane potential. Apoptotic markers, pro-inflammatory events were also tested to prove the protective effects of Rg3. We showed Rg3 reversed the TNF-α-inhibited SIRT1 expression. Moreover, the activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway by Rg3 suppressed the TNF-α-induced acetylation of CypD, resulting in less mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, we demonstrated that the reduction of ROS ameliorated the TNF-α-elicited apoptosis. Furthermore, the Rg3-reverted SIRT1/PGC-1α/SIRT3 activation mediated the repression of p38 MAPK, which downregulated the NF-κB translocation in the TNF-α-treated cells. Our results revealed that administration of Rg3 diminished the production of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) in chondrocytes via SIRT1/PGC-1α/SIRT3/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling in response to TNF-α stimulation. Taken together, we showed that Rg3 may serve as an adjunct therapy for patients with arthritis.
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18
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Sun Y, Ma N, Liu X, Yi J, Cai S. Preventive effects of Chinese sumac fruits against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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19
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Ding C, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zheng Y, Liu W, Liu X. Taxifolin, a novel food, attenuates acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice through regulating the NF-κB-mediated inflammation and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:868-879. [PMID: 34225578 PMCID: PMC8259856 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1942504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Taxifolin (TAX) has effective anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities, but its potential mechanism has not been revealed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential protective effect of TAX on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alcoholic liver injury model was established by oral alcohol in mice, and randomly distributed in five groups (n = 10): Normal group (oral saline only); Alcohol group (concentration of fermented alcohol: 56%, 6 mL/kg); TAX groups, mice were orally administered with alcohol, and then TAX with doses of 20, 40, 80 mg/kg, respectively. Oral administration was conducted for 6 weeks. RESULTS TAX treatment illustrated that the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was reduced to 65.90 ± 2.26 U/L and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to 33.28 ± 5.62 U/L compared with alcohol group (ALT 124.51 ± 4.40 U/L, AST 61.70 ± 4.09 U/L), while superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased to 49.81 ± 2.39 U/mg and glutathione (GSH) to 8.16 ± 0.44 μmol/g, but MDA was reversed to 2.53 ± 0.24 nmol/mg. Histopathological examination showed TAX treatment alleviated alcohol-induced hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory infiltration. Meanwhile, Western blot and rt-PCR indicated TAX reduced IL-6 to 2.49 ± 0.25 pg/mL and TNF-α to 1.79 ± 0.20 pg/mL, and inhibiting NF-κB activation in liver. Moreover, TAX reversed alcohol-induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of PI3K/Akt and its downstream apoptotic factors. CONCLUSIONS The research provides novel evidence of the hepatoprotective effect of TAX on alcohol-induced liver injury, while also providing the possibility for future treatment of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbo Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yinan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wencong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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20
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Peng X, Hao M, Zhao Y, Cai Y, Chen X, Chen H, Zhang Y, Dong L, Liu X, Ding C, Liu W, Yang M, Luo Y. Red ginseng has stronger anti-aging effects compared to ginseng possibly due to its regulation of oxidative stress and the gut microbiota. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153772. [PMID: 34753028 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax ginseng (PG) and red ginseng (RG) are considered to be effective anti-aging treatments. However, evidence of their therapeutic mechanisms and difference in anti-aging effects is lacking. PURPOSE To explore the potential therapeutic mechanisms of RG and PG in brain damage in D-Gal-induced aging mice, and evaluate the difference in anti-aging effects caused by their compositional differences. METHODS We first tested the chemical components in PG and RG. In D-Gal aging mouse model, RG and PG (800 mg/kg) were orally administered for 9 weeks. The mice performed the Radial Arm Maze (RAM) behavior test. We collected blood, brain tissue, and fecal samples and performed biochemical analysis, histological examination, western blot, and Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis. RESULTS The results of component analysis showed that the total polyphenols and rare ginsenosides were present in RG in 3.2, and 2.2 fold greater concentrations, respectively, compared to PG, while the proportion of non-starch polysaccharides in the crude polysaccharides of RG was 1.94 fold greater than that of PG. In D-Gal-induced aging mice, both PG and RG could prevent the increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and improved the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the serum. Meanwhile, both PG and RG could ameliorate brain tissue architecture and behavioral trial. In addition, the D-Gal-induced translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as well as activation of the pro-apoptotic factors Caspase-3 and the PI3K/Akt pathways were inhibited by PG and RG. Overall, both PG and RG exerted anti-aging effects, with RG stronger than PG. Finally, although both PG and RG regulated the diversity of gut microbes, RG appeared to aggravate the increase in probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermania, and the decrease in inflammatory bacteria to a greater extent compared to PG. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that RG is more conducive to delay the D-Gal-induced aging process than PG, with possible mechanisms including beneficial changes in brain structure, cognitive functions, oxidative stress inhibition, and gut microbiome structure and diversity than PG, These mechanisms may rely on the presence of more total polyphenols, rare ginsenosides and non-starch polysaccharides in RG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Peng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingqian Hao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ling Dong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China.
| | - Wencong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Yunqing Luo
- Jilin Institute of Bioloy, Changchun 130012, China
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21
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Protopanaxatriol-type saponin protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury through ROS-mediated JNK pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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22
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Gong L, Liao L, Dai X, Xue X, Peng C, Li Y. The dual role of immune response in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: Implication for immune pharmacological targets. Toxicol Lett 2021; 351:37-52. [PMID: 34454010 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP), one of the most widely used antipyretic and analgesic drugs, principally contributes to drug-induced liver injury when taken at a high dose. APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) results in extensive necrosis of hepatocytes along with the occurrence of multiple intracellular events such as metabolic activation, cell injury, and signaling pathway activation. However, the specific role of the immune response in AILI remains controversial for its complicated regulatory mechanisms. A variety of inflammasomes, immune cells, inflammatory mediators, and signaling transduction pathways are activated in AILI. These immune components play antagonistic roles in aggravating the liver injury or promoting regeneration. Recent experimental studies indicated that natural products showed remarkable therapeutic effects against APAP hepatotoxicity due to their favorable efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to review the present understanding of the immune response in AILI and attempted to establish ties among a series of inflammatory cascade reactions. Also, the immune molecular mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of AILI were extensively reviewed, thus providing a fundamental basis for exploring the potential pharmacological targets associated with immune interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuyang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Yang H, Cao Q, Yuan Z, Wu X, Li M. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of a novel self-micellizing nanoformulation-loading fisetin against acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2431-2448. [PMID: 34632809 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the feasibility of using dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG) as a nanocarrier-loading fisetin (FIT) with strengthened treatment efficacies against liver injury induced by acetaminophen overdose. Methods: DG-FIT was prepared, and its efficacy against liver injury induced by acetaminophen overdose was evaluated. Results: DG-FIT was successfully fabricated with excellent physicochemical properties. DG-FIT could be easily dissolved in water to form a clear micelle solution with high FIT encapsulation efficiency. FIT in DG-FIT exhibited a dramatically improved aqueous solubility. DG-FIT improved intestinal permeation. Regarding in vivo efficacies, DG-FIT exhibited significant effect against acetaminophen overdose by suppressing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines involved. Conclusion: DG-FIT formulation possibly represents a promising method for strengthening the efficacy of FIT against acetaminophen-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhixin Yuan
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengshuang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, China
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24
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Zeng Z, Nian Q, Chen N, Zhao M, Zheng Q, Zhang G, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Wang J, Zeng J, Gong D, Tang J. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits angiogenesis in gastric precancerous lesions through downregulation of Glut1 and Glut4. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112086. [PMID: 34799220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3) is a ginsenoside extracted from Panax ginseng. GRg3 displays multiple pharmacological properties, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antifibrotic properties. However, whether GRg3 inhibits angiogenesis in gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs) and the possible mechanisms remain unknown. GRg3 attenuated gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric dysplasia, the hallmark of GPL pathology, in rats with MNNG-ammonia compound induced GPLs. Increased CD34+ microvessel density and VEGF expression, which indicate the presence of angiogenesis, were evident in the rats with GPLs. GRg3 administration reduced VEGF protein expression and CD34+ microvessel density. In addition, GRg3 was capable of attenuating microvascular abnormalities. Data analysis revealed that enhanced protein expression of GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 were present in both human and animal GPL specimens. The administration of GRg3 caused significant decreases in the mRNA and protein expression levels of GLUT1 and GLUT4 in the rats with GPLs. However, the GRg3-treated rats with GPLs did not demonstrate regulatory effects on GLUT3, GLUT6, GLUT10, and GLUT12. Consistent with in vitro results, GRg3 administration significantly reduced the protein expression levels of GLUT1 and GLUT4 in both AGS and HGC-27 human gastric cancer cells in vitro. In conclusion, GRg3 can attenuate angiogenesis and temper microvascular abnormalities in rats with GPLs, which may be associated with its inhibition on the aberrant activation of GLUT1 and GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhen Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Qing Nian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China.
| | - Daoyin Gong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China.
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25
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Zhang Y, Ding C, Cai Y, Chen X, Zhao Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Sun S, Liu W. Astilbin ameliorates oxidative stress and apoptosis in D-galactose-induced senescence by regulating the PI3K/Akt/m-TOR signaling pathway in the brains of mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108035. [PMID: 34435579 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence has shown that injection of D-galactose (D-gal) can mimic natural aging that typically is associated with brain injury. Oxidative stress and apoptosis has been shown to play an essential role in aging process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effectsof astilbin (ASB) on D-Gal-induced agingin miceand to further explore the underlying mechanisms. We randomly divided 50 mice into 5 groups.To establish this model of aging, 40micewere intraperitoneally administered D-Gal (500 mg/kg). The mice in the treatmentgroupswere intragastricaly administratedASB at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg. H&E and TUNEL staining were used to determine the effect of ASB on the number of apoptotic cells in the brain. Furthermore, biochemical indices of serum, oxidative stress factors, and apoptosis factors were determined to clarify the underlying mechanism using reagent test kits and western blotting. The results showed that varying doses of ASB could improve D-Gal-induced histopathological damageand significantly alleviatedthe aging induced by D-Galin mice. ASB remarkably decreased the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA)(p < 0.01)and Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE)(p < 0.05) and markedlyincreased the content of catalase (CAT)(p < 0.01)and superoxide dismutase (SOD)(p < 0.01), respectively. In addition, Western blotting revealed thatASB treatment (40 mg/kg)attenuated the D-gal-induced Bax and Caspase 3 protein expression(p < 0.01) and reversed the increase in Bcl-2protein expressionin brain. Moreover, ASB treatment significantly upregulated the protein expression ofp-PI3K/PI3K and altered the p-Akt/Akt ratio (p < 0.05), while inhibiting the expression of p-m-TOR relative to m-TOR(p < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of P53 tended to decreasein the low ASB treatmentgroup (40 mg/kg), whereas no change was observed in the high ASB treatmentgroup (80 mg/kg). In the intestinal flora, the richness of the normal group and the ASB group was higher than that of the D-Gal group. Heat map analysis also showed that ASB promoted Lactobacillus and other probiotics and also confirmed the advantages of ASB. The observed changes in intestinal flora further verified the efficacy of ASB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China.
| | - Yuan Cai
- Jilin Institute of Bioloy, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xueyan Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xinglong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Jinping Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Shunwen Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Wencong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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26
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Pan H, Yang L, Bai H, Luo J, Deng Y. Ginsenoside Rg3 increases gemcitabine sensitivity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma via reducing ZFP91 mediated TSPYL2 destabilization. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:636-645. [PMID: 36090681 PMCID: PMC9459078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rg3 and gemcitabine have mutual enhancing antitumor effects. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. This study explored the influence of ginsenoside Rg3 on Zinc finger protein 91 homolog (ZFP91) expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and their regulatory mechanisms on gemcitabine sensitivity. Methods RNA-seq and survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-PAAD and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) were used for in-silicon analysis. PANC-1, BxPC-3, and PANC-1 gemcitabine-resistant (PANC-1/GR) cells were used for in vitro analysis. PANC-1 derived tumor xenograft nude mice model was used to assess the influence of ginsenoside Rg3 and ZFP91 on tumor growth in vivo. Results Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced ZFP91 expression in PAAD cells in a dose-dependent manner. ZFP91 upregulation was associated with significantly shorter survival of patients with PAAD. ZFP91 overexpression induced gemcitabine resistance, which was partly conquered by ginsenoside Rg3 treatment. ZFP91 depletion sensitized PANC-1/GR cells to gemcitabine treatment. ZFP91 interacted with Testis-Specific Y-Encoded-Like Protein 2 (TSPYL2), induced its poly-ubiquitination, and promoted proteasomal degradation. Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment weakened ZFP91-induced TSPYL2 poly-ubiquitination and degradation. Enforced TSPYL2 expression increased gemcitabine sensitivity of PAAD cells and partly reversed induced gemcitabine resistance in PANC-1/GR cells. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg3 can increase gemcitabine sensitivity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma at least via reducing ZFP91 mediated TSPYL2 destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Pan
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Linhan Yang
- Outpatient Department, Chengdu Aurora Huan Hua Xiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Hansong Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Ying Deng
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Corresponding author. Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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27
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Wu HY, Zhang XC, Jia BB, Cao Y, Yan K, Li JY, Tao L, Jie ZG, Liu QW. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure through activating ERK and IGF-1R/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:143-155. [PMID: 34294366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes (hUCMSC-Exo) in acute liver failure (ALF) in mice as well as its underlying mechanism. We found that a single tail vein administration of hucMSC-Exo effectively enhanced the survival rate, inhibited apoptosis in hepatocytes, and improved liver function in APAP-induced mouse model of ALF. Furthermore, the deletion of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), generation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the over production of cytochrome P450 E1 (CYP2E1) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) caused by APAP were also inhibited by hucMSC-Exo, indicating that hucMSC-Exo inhibited APAP-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by reducing oxidative stress. Moreover, hucMSC-Exo significantly down-regulated the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in APAP-treated livers. Western blot showed that hucMSC-Exo significantly promoted the activation of ERK1/2 and IGF-1R/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in APAP-injured LO2 cells, resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis of LO2 cells. Importantly, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 could reverse the function of hucMSC-Exo on APAP-injured LO2 cells in some extent. Our results suggest that hucMSC-Exo offer antioxidant hepatoprotection against APAP in vitro and in vivo by inhibitiing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via upregulation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-You Wu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Bing-Bing Jia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, PR China
| | - Ye Cao
- Information Engineering School of NanChang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, 330006, PR China
| | - Jing-Yuan Li
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Jie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Quan-Wen Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China.
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28
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhang M, Gao Y, Yan Z. Protective Effects of Ginsenosides (20R)-Rg3 on H 2 O 2 -Induced Myocardial Cell Injury by Activating Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2001007. [PMID: 33624427 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenosides (20S)-Rg3 and (20R)-Rg3 are famous rare ginsenosides from red ginseng, and their configurations in C-20 are different. This study aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of ginsenosides (20S)-Rg3 and (20R)-Rg3 on H2 O2 -induced H9C2 cells and compare their activity. The results showed that the ginsenosides (20S)-Rg3 and (20R)-Rg3 could increase the cell activity and the levels of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT, and decrease activities of LDH, MDA and ROS. Further studies showed that ginsenosides (20S)-Rg3 and (20R)-Rg3 could prevent oxidative stress injury of H9C2 cells by H2 O2 through the Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. But the ML385 counteracts these effects. Interestingly, among these results, ginsenoside (20R)-Rg3 was superior to (20S)-Rg3, indicating that ginsenoside (20R)-Rg3 have a stronger effect of antioxidative stress. This study reflected that ginsenoside (20R)-Rg3 could be used as a potential Nrf2 activator and a safe effective Chinese herbal monomer in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yugang Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Zhaowei Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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29
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Wang X, Bao H, Bau T. Investigation of the possible mechanism of polysaccharides extracted from Leucocalocybe mongolica in exerting antitumor effects in H22 tumor-bearing mice. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13514. [PMID: 33569819 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A response surface method was used to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Leucocalocybe mongolica. Moreover, the preliminary structural characteristics and antitumor activity of L. mongolica polysaccharide (LMP) were investigated. The results showed that the optimized extraction technological parameters for LMP were 93°C extraction temperature, 5 hr extraction time, and 30 ml/g liquid-to-solid ratio. The LMP content extracted under the optimal conditions was 6.64%. LC-MS/MS results indicated that LMP is a neutral polysaccharide composed of d-fructose, d-mannose, dextrose anhydrate, d-xylose, trehalose, and galactose. The tumor inhibition rate was significantly improved by LMP treatment. LMP had minimal toxicity based on the significant decrease in AST and BUN levels; VEGF protein levels were also significantly decreased. In contrast, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α were improved. The results of ELISA, H&E staining, TUNEL assay, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting indicated that the LMP exhibited antitumor activity in vivo by promoting apoptosis, mediating inflammatory responses, and inhibiting angiogenesis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As one of the main bioactive components, fungal polysaccharide has always been a hot research topic. Fungal polysaccharides are carbohydrate polymers composed of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages, which have been found to be involved in many biological processes. In this research, the LMP structure was analyzed, and the immunohistochemical and western blot analysis confirmed that, LMP could effectively reduce the generation of tumor angiogenesis, promote apoptosis of tumor cell sand inhibit tumor growth. The results of this study can effectively provide a basis for clinical research and development of antitumor drugs, and lay a foundation for the study of the antitumor effects of wild edible and medicinal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Fungal Resources and Development and Utilization, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Medical Academy, Changchun Science-Technology University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiying Bao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Fungal Resources and Development and Utilization, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tolgor Bau
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Fungal Resources and Development and Utilization, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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30
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Li W, Wang JQ, Zhou YD, Hou JG, Liu Y, Wang YP, Gong XJ, Lin XH, Jiang S, Wang Z. Rare Ginsenoside 20(R)-Rg3 Inhibits D-Galactose-Induced Liver and Kidney Injury by Regulating Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1141-1157. [PMID: 32668974 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered as a major factor in aging and exacerbates aging process through a variety of molecular mechanisms. D-galactose, a normal reducing sugar with high dose can cause the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or stimulate free radical production indirectly by the formation of advanced glycation end products in tissues, finally resulting in oxidative stress. 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20(R)-Rg3), a major and representative component isolated from red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A Meyer), has been shown to observably have an anti-oxidative effect. We thereby investigated the beneficial effects of 20(R)-Rg3 on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress injury and its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that continuous injection of D-galactose with 800[Formula: see text]mg/kg/day for 8 weeks increased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). However, such increases were attenuated by the treatment of 20(R)-Rg3 for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, 20(R)-Rg3 markedly inhibited D-galactose-caused oxidative stress in liver and kidney. The anti-oxidants, including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were elevated in the mice from 20(R)-Rg3-treated group compared with that from D-galactose group. In contrast, a significant decrease in levels of cytochrome P450 E1 (CYP2E1) and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were observed in the 20(R)-Rg3-treated group. These effects were associated with a significant increase of AGEs. More importantly, 20(R)-Rg3 effectively attenuated D-galactose induced apoptosis in liver and kidney via restoring the upstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Taken together, our study suggests that 20(R)-Rg3 may be a novel and promising anti-oxidative therapeutic agent to prevent aging-related injuries in liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering, Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dan Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering, Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Gong
- College of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hui Lin
- Liaoning Xifeng Pharmaceutical, Group Co., Ltd., Huanren 117200, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering, Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China.,National & Local Joint Engineering, Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
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31
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Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes regression from hepatic fibrosis through reducing inflammation-mediated autophagy signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:454. [PMID: 32532964 PMCID: PMC7293224 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and autophagy occur during hepatic fibrosis development caused by various pathogens, and effectively curbing of autophage may delay the occurrence of hepatic fibrosis. The current study aimed to unravel the inhibitory effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 (G-Rg3) on inflammation-mediated hepatic autophagy to curb hepatic fibrosis caused by thioacetamide (TAA)-induced subacute and chronic hepatic injury. TAA is mainly metabolized in the liver to cause liver dysfunction. After intraperitoneal injection of TAA for 4 or 10 weeks (TAA-chronic mouse models), severe inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis occurred in the liver. Treatment with G-Rg3 alleviated hepatic pathological changes and reversed hepatic fibrosis in the TAA-chronic models with decreased deposition of collagen fibers, reduced expression of HSCs activation marker (α-SMA), and reduced secretion of profibrogenic factors (TGF-β1). G-Rg3 decreased expressions of autophagy-related proteins in mice of TAA-chronic models. Notably, G-Rg3 inhibited the survival of activated rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6), but had no cytotoxicity on human hepatocytes (L02 cell lines). G-Rg3 dose-dependently inhibited autophagy in vitro with less expression of p62 and fewer LC3a transformation into LC3b in inflammatory inducer lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat HSC-T6 cells. Furthermore, G-Rg3 enhanced the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) in vivo and in vitro. Besides, mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin and PI3K inhibitors LY294002 were employed in LPS-treated HSC-T6 cell cultures to verify that Rg3 partially reversed the increase in autophagy in hepatic fibrosis in vitro. Taken together, G-Rg3 exerted anti-fibrosis effect through the inhibition of autophagy in TAA-treated mice and LPS-stimulated HSC-T6 cells. These data collectively unravel that G-Rg3 may serve a promising anti-hepatic fibrosis drug.
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32
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Tian M, Ma P, Zhang Y, Mi Y, Fan D. Ginsenoside Rk3 alleviated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by protecting colon barrier and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106645. [PMID: 32521491 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenosides have a variety of pharmacological activities, including immunomodulatory, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effect of Rk3 on ulcerative colitis has rarely been reported. This study evaluated the effect of Rk3 on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and preliminarily explored the anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Rk3 administration significantly attenuated the weight loss, increased DAI scores, colonic shortening, and increased MPO and iNOS activities caused by DSS in mice. Histological improvement was apparent, tight junctions in the colon were restored, and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (acetic acid, butyric acid and isovaleric acid) were increased. In addition, Rk3 reduced the expression of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1, indicating blockade of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. These results show that Rk3 can improve DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by protecting intestinal barrier function and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome expression, indicating that Rk3 could be used as a potential drug for treating ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Pei Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yu Mi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Zhang Y, Wang S, Song S, Yang X, Jin G. Ginsenoside Rg3 Alleviates Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice by Regulating CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 +Treg Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4893-4902. [PMID: 32275817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3) is one of the major bioactive ingredients of ginseng, which is not only used as a herbal medicine but also used as a functional food to support body functions. In this study, the beneficial effects of GRg3 on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) mice was evaluated from anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive aspects. The footpad swelling rate, pathological changes of the ankle joint, and levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor β were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of GRg3 on RA mice. Flow cytometric analysis of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cell percentage and metabolomic analysis based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to assess the immunosuppressive effect and underlying mechanisms. GRg3 exhibited anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects on RA mice. The potential mechanisms were related to regulate the pathways of oxidative phosphorylation and enhance the function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells to maintain peripheral immune tolerance of RA mice. These findings can provide a preliminary experimental basis to exploit GRg3 as a functional food or an effective complementary for the adjuvant therapy of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Graduate School, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Song
- Graduate School, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Nutritional Department, Jilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Jilin 132013, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Jin
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, People's Republic of China
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Ahmed RG. Overdoses of Acetaminophen Disrupt the Thyroid-Liver Axis in Neonatal Rats. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:705-714. [PMID: 30760194 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190212165603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the impact of neonatal acetaminophen (APAP; paracetamol) administrations on the thyroid-liver axis in male Wistar rats. METHODS APAP (100 or 350mg/kg) was orally administered to neonates from Postnatal Day (PND) 20 to 40. RESULTS Both APAP doses elicited a substantial increase in serum TSH, albumin, AST, ALT, and ALP values, and a profound decrease in serum FT4 and FT3 values at PND 40 relative to those in the control group. Additionally, the hypothyroid state in both APAP-treated groups may increase the histopathological variations in the neonatal liver, such as destructive degeneration, fibrosis, fatty degeneration, fibroblast proliferation, haemorrhage, oedema, and vacuolar degeneration, at PND 40. Moreover, in the APAP groups, a marked depression was recorded in the t-SH and GSH levels and GPx and CAT activities at PND 40 in the neonatal liver compared to those in the control group. However, the levels of hepatic LPO, H2O2, and NO were increased in both APAP-treated groups at PND 40. All previous alterations were dose- dependent. CONCLUSION Neonatal APAP caused a hypothyroidism and disturbed hepatic cellular components by increasing prooxidant markers and decreasing antioxidant markers, causing hepatotoxicity. Thus, neonatal administrations of APAP may act as a neonatal thyroid-liver disruptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Science; Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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35
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Fei F, Su N, Li X, Fei Z. Neuroprotection mediated by natural products and their chemical derivatives. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2008-2015. [PMID: 32394948 PMCID: PMC7716029 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.282240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal injuries can lead to various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, trauma, ischemia and, more specifically, glaucoma and optic neuritis. The cellular mechanisms that regulate neuronal death include calcium influx and calcium overload, excitatory amino acid release, oxidative stress, inflammation and microglial activation. Much attention has been paid to the effective prevention and treatment of neuroprotective drugs by natural products. This review summarizes the neuroprotective aspects of natural products, extracted from Panax ginseng, Camellia sinensis, soy and some other plants, and some of their chemical derivatives. Their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory action and their inhibition of apoptosis and microglial activation are assessed. This will provide new directions for the development of novel drugs and strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Zhou T, Sun L, Yang S, Lv Y, Cao Y, Gang X, Wang G. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 Protects Kidney from Diabetic Kidney Disease via Renal Inflammation Depression in Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:7152176. [PMID: 32258169 PMCID: PMC7106937 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7152176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (20(S)-Rg3) has been shown to induce apoptosis by interfering with several signaling pathways. Furthermore, it has been reported to have anticancer and antidiabetic effects. In order to detect the protective effect of 20(S)-Rg3 on diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic rat models which were established by administering high-sugar, high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and age-matched wild-type (WT) rat were given 20(S)-Rg3 for 12 weeks, with three groups: control group (normal adult rats with saline), diabetic group (diabetic rats with saline), and 20(S)-Rg3 treatment group (diabetic rats with 20(S)-Rg3 (10 mg/kg body weight/day)). The biochemical indicators and the changes in glomerular basement membrane and mesangial matrix were detected. TUNEL staining was used to detect glomerular and renal tubular cell apoptosis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of fibrosis factors and inflammation factors in rat kidney tissues. Through periodic acid-Schiff staining, we observed that the change in renal histology was improved and renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis decreased significantly by treatment with 20(S)-Rg3. Plus, the urine protein decreased in the rats with the 20(S)-Rg3 treatment. Fasting blood glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in the 20(S)-Rg3 treatment group were all lower than those in the diabetic group. Mechanistically, 20(S)-Rg3 dramatically downregulated the expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB65, and TNF-α in the kidney. These resulted in a significant prevention of renal damage from the inflammation. The results of the current study suggest that 20(S)-Rg3 could potentially be used as a novel treatment against DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130061 Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130061 Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130061 Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130061 Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130061 Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - You Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130061 Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130061 Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130061 Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130061 Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130061 Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Cao S, Bian Y, Zhou X, Yuan Q, Wei S, Xue L, Yang F, Qianqian Dong, Wenjun Wang, Zheng B, Zhang J, Wang Z, Han Z, Yang K, Rui H, Zhang Y, Xu F, Chen Y. A small-molecule activator of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 reduces the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:518-524. [PMID: 31784085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the leading causes of hospital admission for gastrointestinal disorders. Although lipid peroxides are produced in AP, it is unknown if targeting lipid peroxides prevents AP. This study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a critical enzyme for lipid peroxide degradation, in AP and the possible underlying mechanisms. Cerulein was used to induce AP in C57BL/6 J male mice and pancreatic acinar cells were used to elucidate underlying mechanisms in vitro. Pancreatic enzymes in the serum, lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were measured. ALDH2 activation with a small-molecule activator, Alda-1, reduced the levels of the pancreatic enzymes in the serum and the lipid peroxidation products MDA and 4-HNE. In addition, Alda-1 decreased Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression and increased Bcl-2 expression in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, ALDH2 activation by Alda-1 has a protective effect in cerulein-induced AP by mitigating apoptosis in pancreatic acinar cells by alleviating lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchuan Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Bian
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuhuan Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shujian Wei
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feihong Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianqian Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Boyuan Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziqi Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kehui Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiying Rui
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Chen Z, Luo T, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Lu L, Yang Z, Wang L, Xian S. A simplified herbal formula for the treatment of heart failure: Efficacy, bioactive ingredients, and mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104251. [PMID: 31233804 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex pathology for which single-agent therapy cannot provide comprehensive efficacy. Therefore, effective combination therapies for HF are increasingly emphasized. Multiple-component drugs derived from Chinese herbal formulae provide efficacy and safety when administered to patients with HF. Nuanxinkang (NXK) is a simplified Chinese herbal formula which has been widely applied in HF for decades. It exhibits comprehensive cardiac protective effects in HF patients as an adjuvant therapy, including improving heart function and quality-of-life, reducing inflammation, and regulating neurohormones. Nevertheless, the bioactive ingredients and mechanisms of action of NXK are unknown, which hinders its further application. Here, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of NXK in a mouse model of HF. Using transcriptome analysis and drug similarity analysis we found that NXK inhibits apoptosis and inflammation, while improving cardiac contraction and reversing myocardial fibrosis. In addition, we detected 21 bioactive species in NXK using UHPLC-MS analysis. Based on these data, we performed network pharmacology analysis to investigate ingredient-target-pathway interactions. We further confirmed 13 genes as potential targets, and assessed the effects of NXK on the AKT to validate the anti-apoptotic role of NXK both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, our work has identified a simplified herbal formula with efficacy against HF by exploring its constituents and mechanism of action, providing evidence for an innovative treatment strategy and novel therapeutic targets for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Tong Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Yusheng Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Zhongqi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China.
| | - Shaoxiang Xian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China.
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Li RY, Zhang WZ, Yan XT, Hou JG, Wang Z, Ding CB, Liu WC, Zheng YN, Chen C, Li YR, Li W. Arginyl-fructosyl-glucose, a Major Maillard Reaction Product of Red Ginseng, Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Regulating Nuclear Factor κB and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5754-5763. [PMID: 31045365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, although ginseng ( Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and its main component saponins (ginsenosides) have been reported to exert protective effects on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), the beneficial activities of non-saponin on CDDP-induced AKI is little known. This research was designed to explore the protective effect and underlying mechanism of arginyl-fructosyl-glucose (AFG), a major and representative non-saponin component generated during the process of red ginseng, on CDDP-caused AKI. AFG at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg remarkably reversed CDDP-induced renal dysfunction, accompanied by the decreased levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Interestingly, all of oxidative stress indices were ameliorated after pretreatment with AFG continuously for 10 days. Importantly, AFG relieved CDDP-induced inflammation and apoptosis in part by mitigating the cascade initiation steps of nuclear factor κB signals and regulating the participation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal pathway. In conclusion, these results clearly provide strong rationale for the development of AFG to prevent CDDP-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Yan Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhe Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tong Yan
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Bo Ding
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Nan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Yue-Ru Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most popular and safe pain medications worldwide. However, due to its wide availability, it is frequently implicated in intentional or unintentional overdoses where it can cause severe liver injury and even acute liver failure (ALF). In fact, APAP toxicity is responsible for 46% of all ALF cases in the United States. Early mechanistic studies in mice demonstrated the formation of a reactive metabolite, which is responsible for hepatic glutathione depletion and initiation of the toxicity. This insight led to the rapid introduction of N-acetylcysteine as a clinical antidote. However, more recently, substantial progress was made in further elucidating the detailed mechanisms of APAP-induced cell death. Mitochondrial protein adducts trigger a mitochondrial oxidant stress, which requires amplification through a MAPK cascade that ultimately results in activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the cytosol and translocation of phospho-JNK to the mitochondria. The enhanced oxidant stress is responsible for the membrane permeability transition pore opening and the membrane potential breakdown. The ensuing matrix swelling causes the release of intermembrane proteins such as endonuclease G, which translocate to the nucleus and induce DNA fragmentation. These pathophysiological signaling mechanisms can be additionally modulated by removing damaged mitochondria by autophagy and replacing them by mitochondrial biogenesis. Importantly, most of the mechanisms have been confirmed in human hepatocytes and indirectly through biomarkers in plasma of APAP overdose patients. The extensive necrosis caused by APAP overdose leads to a sterile inflammatory response. Although recruitment of inflammatory cells is necessary for removal of cell debris in preparation for regeneration, these cells have the potential to aggravate the injury. This review touches on the newest insight into the intracellular mechanisms of APAP-induced cells death and the resulting inflammatory response. Furthermore, it discusses the translation of these findings to humans and the emergence of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Dong S, Ji J, Hu L, Wang H. Dihydromyricetin alleviates acetaminophen-induced liver injury via the regulation of transformation, lipid homeostasis, cell death and regeneration. Life Sci 2019; 227:20-29. [PMID: 30974116 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We previously reported that Hovenia dulcis Thunb. extract, a traditional Chinese medicine rich in dihydromyricetin (DHM), exhibited a significant hepatoprotective effect against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. However, whether DHM plays a protective role in APAP hepatotoxicity and what mechanisms are involved remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of DHM against APAP-induced liver injury. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were used for the experiment. LC-MS, q-PCR, immunochemistry and western blot analysis were employed to mechanism analysis. KEY FINDINGS DHM exhibited a protective effect against APAP-induced liver injury. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that the protective effect of DHM against APAP hepatotoxicity had multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics involving APAP metabolism, lipid regulation, and hepatocyte death and regeneration. DHM pretreatment resulted in cytochrome P450 2E1 inhibition and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 activation, affecting APAP biotransformation. Moreover, DHM pretreatment significantly ameliorated lipid dysregulation via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) signalling pathways. Furthermore, DHM regulated the expression of cell death- and liver regeneration-associated proteins. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggested that DHM alleviated APAP-induced liver injury in mice by inhibiting hepatocyte death, promoting p53-related regeneration, and regulating lipid homeostatic imbalance and APAP transformation. Based on these findings, DHM provides a potential and novel approach for preventing and treating APAP-induced liver damage, and SREBP-1c signalling might be a new therapeutic target for APAP hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lingyun Hu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haina Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Wang K, Chen T, Ying X, Zhang Z, Shao Z, Lin J, Xu T, Chen Y, Wang X, Chen J, Sheng S. Ligustilide alleviated IL-1β induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation of nucleus pulposus cells and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:398-407. [PMID: 30785069 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a multifactorial and complicated degenerative disease that imposes a huge economic burden on society. However, there is no effective treatment that can delay and reverse the progression of disc degeneration. The inflammatory response causes the death of nucleus pulposus cells and the degradation of extracellular matrix are main factors of intervertebral disc degeneration. Ligustilide is a bioactive phthalide that is said to have an anti-inflammatory effect and anti-apoptosis effect on various disorders. Therefore, we further explored the protective effect of ligustilide on intervertebral disc degeneration and its potential mechanism. In this study, we found that ligustilide inhibited apoptosis, suppressed the expression of related inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2) and decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a and IL-6) in nucleus pulposus cells under IL-1β stimulation. At the same time, the degradation of extracellular matrix of nucleus pulposus cells induced by IL-1β was inhibited. In addition, we also found that ligustilide inhibits the inflammation response by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, TUNEL assay and histological analysis showed that ligustilide could inhibit the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells and ameliorate the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration in punctured Rat IDD model. In summary, ligustilide may become a new potential treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 109#, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 109#, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NanBaiXiang Street, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 109#, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 109#, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenxuan Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 109#, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jialiang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 109#, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tianzhen Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 109#, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital and Ruian People's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wansong Road 108#, Ruian, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 109#, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 109#, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 109#, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Sunren Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, West Xueyuan Road 109#, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Ginsenoside Rg3 protects against iE-DAP-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating the miR-139-5p-NF-κB axis. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:300-307. [PMID: 32148412 PMCID: PMC7031736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in endothelial dysfunction due to persistent inflammation is a key component and emerging concept in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), an active compound from red ginseng, has been known to be important for vascular homeostasis. However, the effect of Rg3 on inflammation-induced EndMT has never been reported. Here, we hypothesize that Rg3 might reverse the inflammation-induced EndMT and serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases. Methods EndMT was examined under an inflammatory condition mediated by the NOD1 agonist, γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP), treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The expression of EndMT markers was determined by Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry. The underlying mechanisms of Rg3-mediated EndMT regulation were investigated by modulating the microRNA expression. Results The NOD1 agonist, iE-DAP, led to a fibroblast-like morphology change with a decrease in the expression of endothelial markers and an increase in the expression of the mesenchymal marker, namely EndMT. On the other hand, Rg3 markedly attenuated the iE-DAP–induced EndMT and preserved the endothelial phenotype. Mechanically, miR-139 was downregulated in cells with iE-DAP–induced EndMT and partly reversed in response to Rg3 via the regulation of NF-κB signaling, suggesting that the Rg3–miR-139-5p-NF-κB axis is a key mediator in iE-DAP-induced EndMT. Conclusion These results suggest, for the first time, that Rg3 can be used to inhibit inflammation-induced EndMT and may be a novel therapeutic option against EndMT-associated vascular diseases.
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44
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Jeong Y, Ku S, You HJ, Ji GE. A stereo-selective growth inhibition profile of ginsenoside Rh2 on human colon cancer cells. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1607562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju You
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
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Gu Y, Ju A, Jiang B, Zhang J, Man S, Liu C, Gao W. Yiqi Fumai lyophilized injection attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats by inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40894-40911. [PMID: 35557896 PMCID: PMC9091596 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective antineoplastic drugs, however, its organ toxicity inhibits the clinical utility. This study was aimed at investigating the protective effects of Yiqi Fumai lyophilized injection (YQFM) against DOX-induced tissue injury and exploring the mechanisms which mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation and apoptosis. The experiment was as follows: rats were subjected to an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of YQFM (0.481 g kg-1, i.p.) for 12 days; DOX (5 mg kg-1, i.p.) was administered on the 4th, 8th and 12th days to achieve a cumulative dose of 15 mg kg-1. Pretreatment of YQFM significantly ameliorated intracellular damage and dysfunction of the heart, liver and kidneys via decreasing activities of injury indexes. The levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion were clearly reduced following YQFM pretreatment, meanwhile the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were elevated. Additionally administering YQFM could mitigate the cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity via reducing levels of inflammatory factors and decreasing apoptosis. Accordingly, this study indicated that YQFM attenuated DOX-induced toxicity by ameliorating organ function, decreasing ROS production, and preventing excessive inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China +86-22-87401895 +86-22-87401895
| | - Aichun Ju
- Tasly Pride Pharmaceutical Company Limited Tianjin 300410 China
| | - Bingjie Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China +86-22-87401895 +86-22-87401895
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Tianjin 300309 China +86-22-84876773
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin 300457 China +86-22-60601265
| | - Changxiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratories of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics Tianjin 300193 China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China +86-22-87401895 +86-22-87401895
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Chen J, Liu GZ, Sun Q, Zhang F, Liu CY, Yuan L, Zhao XQ, Wang YJ, Jia YS. Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on TNF-α-induced human nucleus pulposus cells through inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2018; 216:1-9. [PMID: 30428306 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on the apoptosis, proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism and oxidative stress-induced damage of human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) induced by TNF-α. The human NPCs were divided into Control, TNF-α, TNF-α + low Rg3, TNF-α + medium Rg3 and TNF-α + high Rg3 groups. Annexin V-FITC/PI, CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to detect the apoptosis, proliferation, and cell cycle of NPCs, respectively. The expressions of ECM-related molecules were determined by qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western blotting. NF-κB p65 pathway and apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated by Western blotting, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by DCFH-DA assay. Compared with Control group, NPCs in the TNF-α group had elevated proportion of apoptotic cells with up-regulation of Bax and Caspase-3 and down-regulation of Bcl-2. Besides, TNF-α inhibited proliferation and arrested cell cycle at G1 of NPCs. Moreover, human NPCs induced by TNF-α presented the increase in the expressions of ECM degrading genes (MMP3 and ADAMTS5), the content of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expression of NF-κB/p65 in nucleus, but showed the decrease in the expression of ECM synthesis genes (Aggrecan and COL2A1) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX). However, NPCs treated by both TNF-α and Rg3 demonstrated a certain degree of reversal in the above indexes, which became increasingly evident with the up-regulation of Rg3 concentration. Ginsenoside Rg3 may exert the effect of attenuating TNF-α-induced NPCs impairment via blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Gen-Zhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chu-Yin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xue-Qian Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Institute of Spinal Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yu-Song Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
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Liu W, Wang Z, Hou JG, Zhou YD, He YF, Jiang S, Wang YP, Ren S, Li W. The Liver Protection Effects of Maltol, a Flavoring Agent, on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice via Inhibiting Apoptosis and Inflammatory Response. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092120. [PMID: 30142916 PMCID: PMC6225187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether maltol could protect from hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in vivo by inhibition of apoptosis and inflammatory responses. In this work, maltol was administered at a level of 100 mg/kg for 15 days prior to exposure to a single injection of CCl4 (0.25%, i.p.). The results clearly indicated that the intrapulmonary injection of CCl4 resulted in a sharp increase in serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), irreducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels. Histopathological examination demonstrated severe hepatocyte necrosis and the destruction of architecture in liver lesions. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis suggested an accumulation of iNOS, NF-κB, IL-1β and TNF-α expression. Maltol, when administered to mice for 15 days, can significantly improve these deleterious changes. In addition, TUNEL and Hoechst 33258 staining showed that a liver cell nucleus of a model group diffused uniform fluorescence following CCl4 injection. Maltol pretreatment groups did not show significant cell nuclear condensation and fragmentation, indicating that maltol inhibited CCl4-induced cell apoptosis. By evaluating the liver catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and further using a single agent to evaluate the oxidative stress in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by immunofluorescence staining, maltol dramatically attenuated the reduction levels of hepatic CAT, GSH and SOD, and the over-expression levels of CYP2E1 and HO-1. In the mouse model of CCl4-induced liver injury, we have demonstrated that the inflammatory responses were inhibited, the serum levels of ALT and AST were reduced, cell apoptosis was suppressed, and liver injury caused by CCl4 was alleviated by maltol, demonstrating that maltol may be an efficient hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Yan-Dan Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yu-Fang He
- College of Management, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China.
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