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Elmorsy EA, Saber S, Hamad RS, Abdel-Reheim MA, El-Kott AF, AlShehri MA, Morsy K, Negm S, Youssef ME. Mechanistic insights into carvedilol's potential protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 200:106849. [PMID: 38992452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline chemotherapy drug widely employed in the treatment of various cancers, known for its potent antineoplastic properties but often associated with dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, limiting its clinical use. This review explores the complex molecular details that determine the heart-protective effectiveness of carvedilol in relation to cardiotoxicity caused by DOX. The harmful effects of DOX on heart cells could include oxidative stress, DNA damage, iron imbalance, disruption of autophagy, calcium imbalance, apoptosis, dysregulation of topoisomerase 2-beta, arrhythmogenicity, and inflammatory responses. This review carefully reveals how carvedilol serves as a strong protective mechanism, strategically reducing each aspect of cardiac damage caused by DOX. Carvedilol's antioxidant capabilities involve neutralizing free radicals and adjusting crucial antioxidant enzymes. It skillfully manages iron balance, controls autophagy, and restores the calcium balance essential for cellular stability. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic effects of carvedilol are outlined through the adjustment of Bcl-2 family proteins and activation of the Akt signaling pathway. The medication also controls topoisomerase 2-beta and reduces the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, together offering a thorough defense against cardiotoxicity induced by DOX. These findings not only provide detailed understanding into the molecular mechanisms that coordinate heart protection by carvedilol but also offer considerable potential for the creation of targeted treatment strategies intended to relieve cardiotoxicity caused by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed A Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt.
| | - Rabab S Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A AlShehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kareem Morsy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
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Bian Y, Deng M, Liu J, Li J, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Liao L, Miao J, Li R, Zhou X, Hou G. The glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu 2+ tripeptide complex attenuates lung inflammation and fibrosis in silicosis by targeting peroxiredoxin 6. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103237. [PMID: 38879894 PMCID: PMC11228880 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is the most common type of pneumoconiosis, having a high incidence in workers chronically exposed to crystalline silica (CS). No specific medication exists for this condition. GHK, a tripeptide naturally occurring in human blood and urine, has antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of GHK-Cu on silicosis and its potential underlying molecular mechanism. An experimental silicosis mouse model was established to observe the effects of GHK-Cu on lung inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, the effects of GHK-Cu on the alveolar macrophages (AM) were examined using the RAW264.7 cell line. Its molecular target, peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), has been identified, and GHK-Cu can bind to PRDX6, thus attenuating lung inflammation and fibrosis in silicosis mice without significant systemic toxicity. These effects were partly related to the inhibition of the CS-induced oxidative stress in AM induced by GHK-Cu. Thus, our results suggest that GHK-Cu acts as a potential drug by attenuating alveolar macrophage oxidative stress. This, in turn, attenuates the progression of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, which provides a reference for the treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Bian
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institution of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Deng
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaye Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zilin Wang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institution of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Liao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinrui Miao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixia Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Hou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been a rapid increase in silicosis cases, particularly related to artificial stone. The key to management is avoidance of silica exposure. Despite this, many develop progressive disease and there are no routinely recommended treatments. This review provides a summary of the literature pertaining to pharmacological therapies for silicosis and examines the plausibility of success of such treatments given the disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS In-vitro and in-vivo models demonstrate potential efficacy for drugs, which target inflammasomes, cytokines, effector cells, fibrosis, autophagy, and oxidation. SUMMARY There is some evidence for potential therapeutic targets in silicosis but limited translation into human studies. Treatment of silicosis likely requires a multimodal approach, and there is considerable cross-talk between pathways; agents that modulate both inflammation, fibrosis, autophagy, and ROS production are likely to be most efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Barnes
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne
| | - Maggie Lam
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan Hoy
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health
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Gunatilaka A, Zhang S, Tan WSD, G Stewart A. Anti-fibrotic strategies and pulmonary fibrosis. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:179-224. [PMID: 37524487 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) results from the dysregulated process of injury and repair, which promotes scarring of the lung tissue and deposition of collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) components, that make the lung unphysiologically stiff. IPF presents a serious concern as its pathogenesis remains elusive, and current anti-fibrotic treatments are only effective in slowing rather than halting disease progression. The IPF disease pathogenesis is incompletely defined, complex and incorporates interplay between different fibrogenesis signaling pathways. Preclinical IPF experimental models used to validate drug candidates present significant limitations in modeling IPF pathobiology, with their limited time frame, simplicity and inaccurate representation of the disease and the mechanical influences of IPF. Potentially more accurate mimetic disease models that capture the cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, such as 3D cultures, organoids and precision-cut lung slices (PCLS), may yield more meaningful clinical predictions for drug candidates. Recent advances in developing anti-fibrotic compounds have positioned drug towards targeting components of the fibrogenesis signaling pathway of IPF or the extracellular microenvironment. The major goals in this area of research focus on finding ways to reverse or halt the disease progression by utilizing more disease-relevant experimental models to improve the qualification of potential drug targets for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanka Gunatilaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Wan Shun Daniel Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Abbas NAT, Nafea OE, Mohammed HO, Samy W, Abdelmageed AF, Afifi R, Hassan HA. Repurposing of carvedilol to alleviate lung fibrosis in rats: Repressing of TGF-β1/α-SMA/Smad2/3 and STAT3 gene expressions. Life Sci 2023; 324:121692. [PMID: 37061127 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most widely studied interstitial lung disease. IPF eventually leads to respiratory insufficiency, lung cancer, and death. Carvedilol (CAR) is a third-generation β-adrenergic receptor antagonist with α1-blocking effect. CAR demonstrates antifibrotic activities in various experimental models of organ fibrosis. AIMS This work is designed to explore the possible alleviating effects of CAR on bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rats. MAIN METHODS The BLM rat model of lung fibrosis was achieved by intratracheal delivery of a single dose of 5 mg/kg of BLM. Seven days following BLM injection, either prednisolone or CAR was orally administered at doses of 10 mg/kg once daily for 21 days to rats. The actions of CAR were evaluated by lung oxidant/antioxidant parameters, protein concentration and total leucocyte count (TLC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), fibrosis regulator-related genes along with the coexistent lung histological changes. KEY FINDINGS CAR effectively decreased lung malondialdehyde level, increased superoxide dismutase activity, declined both protein concentration and TLC in BALF, downregulated TGF-β1/α-SMA/Smad2/3 and STAT3 gene expressions, and repaired the damaged lung tissues. SIGNIFICANCE CAR conferred therapeutic potential against BLM-induced lung fibrosis in rats, at least in part, to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activities. CAR could be utilized as a prospective therapeutic option in patients with lung fibrosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A T Abbas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ola Elsayed Nafea
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Heba Osama Mohammed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Walaa Samy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 45519, Egypt
| | - Amal Fawzy Abdelmageed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 45519, Egypt
| | | | - Heba A Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
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Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum cuspidatum ameliorates silicosis via suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Polygonum cuspidatum (PC) extract has effect on silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to explore the anti-pulmonary-fibrosis effects and mechanism of PC. Sprague–Dawley rat model was constructed by inhalation of silicon dioxide suspension through tracheal intubation method. And histopathological examination showed that PC inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrous and collagen hyperplasia, and protected the normal structure of alveoli. TUNEL assay declared that PC retarded cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, up-regulation of basic fibroblast growth factor, plated-derived growth factor, and TNF-α in silicosis rats was decreased by PC addition. In addition, human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). PC administration increased the proliferation and invasion of TGF-β1-stimulated HFL-1 cells whereas decreased cell apoptosis. Moreover, western blotting exhibited that PC treatment decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and collagen III in silicosis rats and TGF-β1-stimulated HFL-1 cells. Furthermore, the levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins were up-regulated in silicosis rats and TGF-β1-stimulated HFL-1 cells, which were weakened by PC treatment. Meanwhile, Wnt3a (an activator of Wnt/β-catenin) addition reversed the effect of PC addition. In conclusion, PC prevents silica-induced fibrosis through inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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7
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Tang M, Yang Z, Liu J, Zhang X, Guan L, Liu X, Zeng M. Combined intervention with N-acetylcysteine and desipramine alleviated silicosis development by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and ASMase/ceramide signaling pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113914. [PMID: 35878501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a systemic disease characterized by diffuse fibrosis of the lung tissue caused by long-term inhalation of large amounts of free silica (SiO2) dust. The pathogenesis of silicosis has not been fully elucidated, and there is a lack of effective treatment methods. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can potentially treat pulmonary fibrosis by exerting antioxidant effects. Desipramine (DMI) can influence pulmonary fibrosis development by inhibiting acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) activity and regulating ceramide concentrations. Both can interfere with pulmonary fibrosis through different mechanisms, but the intervention effects of NAC combined with DMI on silicosis fibrosis have not been reported. Therefore, this study established a rat silicosis model using a single tracheal drip of SiO2 dust suspension in Wistar rats to investigate the effect of NAC combined with DMI on SiO2 dust-induced silicosis and its related molecular mechanisms. The histopathological examination of the SiO2 dust-induced silicosis rats suggested that NAC and DMI alone or in combination could decrease the severity of pulmonary fibrosis in rats. The combined intervention had a better effect on reducing fibrosis than the individual interventions. NAC and DMI, alone or in combination, decreased the levels of markers related to pulmonary fibrosis in rats (smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA), collagen (Col) I, Col III, hydroxyproline (HYP), inflammatory factors (transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and lipid peroxidase malondialdehyde (MDA)). The nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and ASMase/ceramide pathways were inhibited to some extent by increasing the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels of antioxidant enzymes and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) levels of lipid peroxides. The combined intervention and NAC alone inhibited the SiO2 dust-induced elevation of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), but the effect was not significant in the DMI-treated group. Combining DMI and NAC inhibited Col I deposition and reduced HO-1, TIMP-1, and ASMase levels in lung tissues compared to individual treatments. In summary, the SiO2 dust could induce oxidative stress and inflammation in rats, resulting in an imbalance in extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis/catabolism and ASMase/ceramide signaling pathway activation, leading to silicosis development.The combined intervention of DMI and NAC may synergistically regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, maintain the anabolic balance of the ECM, inhibit ASMase/ceramide signaling pathway activation by suppressing the inflammatory response and effectively delay silicosis fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Tongxiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangfei Zhang
- Chengdu Longquanyi Disease Prevention and Control Center, Cheng Du, Si Chuan Province, China
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xinming Liu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Cui Y, Zhao J, Chen J, Kong Y, Wang M, Ma Y, Meng X. Cyanidin‐3‐galactoside from
Aronia melanocarpa
ameliorates silica‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by modulating the TGF‐β/mTOR and NRF2/HO‐1 pathways. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2558-2567. [PMID: 35959254 PMCID: PMC9361441 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin‐3‐galactoside (C3G), the most abundant anthocyanin in Aronia melanocarpa, has many beneficial health effects, such as antioxidation. C3G was extracted from A. melanocarpa and applied (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) to 50‐μl silica particles (SP) solution‐exposed mice to research its antifibrotic properties using histological analysis, hydroxyproline assay, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. The results showed that C3G treatment significantly ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis and cell infiltration into the lungs of mice. It also relieved SP‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), 400 mg/kg C3G treatment increasing epithelial‐cadherin mRNA expression and decreasing α‐smooth muscle actin mRNA expression to the level of that in the control group. Western blot analysis showed that exposure to SP increased the production of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by 4.71‐ and 4.15‐fold, respectively, in the lungs of mice, which were significantly inhibited by C3G treatment. Moreover, 400 mg/kg C3G treatment up‐regulated two important antioxidant mediators, nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (NRF2; 4.91‐fold) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1; 4.81‐fold). The mechanism study indicated that C3G might inhibit the TGF‐β/mTOR signaling via the NRF2/HO‐1 pathway and that SP‐induced pulmonary EMT was ameliorated by inhibiting the TGF‐β/mTOR signaling pathway. Our findings could provide new avenues for C3G as a functional food for preventing or mediating the progression of SP‐induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Cui
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
| | - Yanwen Kong
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
| | - Yan Ma
- Center of Experiment Teaching Shenyang Normal University Shenyang PR China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang PR China
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Xu J, Zhao S, Zhao L, Sun M. Carvedilol alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)/ROCK activities. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4137-4145. [PMID: 35188451 PMCID: PMC8974156 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2011013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol possess multiple functions such as antioxidation and neuroprotection RhoA/ROCK is reported to participate in acute lung injury (ALI). The aim of the present study was to explore the role of carvedilol in LPS-induced ALI. BEAS2B cells were subjected to LPS for the construction of in vitro ALI model. After that, the protective effects of carvedilol were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The activities of RhoA/ROCK were then measured to confirm its association with carvedilol by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. Then, the cell viability, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), oxidative stress detection kits, and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) respectively. Inflammation- and apoptosis-related markers were also measured by Western blot. The cell viability reduced by LPS in BEAS2B cells was elevated by carvedilol. Moreover, RhoA/ROCK were found to be suppressed by carvedilol administration. The cell viability, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of LPS-induced BEAS2B cells were aggravated upon RhoA was overexpressed. Collectively, carvedilol exerts a protective effect against LPS-induced injury that could be ascribed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative character through modulating the RhoA/ROCK activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second People's Hospital of Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shipin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second People's Hospital of Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second People's Hospital of Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengxiu Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Second People's Hospital of Yueqing, Zhejiang Province, China
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10
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Sunil AA, Skaria T. Novel regulators of airway epithelial barrier function during inflammation: potential targets for drug repurposing. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:119-132. [PMID: 35085478 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2035720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endogenous inflammatory signaling molecules resulting from deregulated immune responses, can impair airway epithelial barrier function and predispose individuals with airway inflammatory diseases to exacerbations and lung infections. Targeting the specific endogenous factors disrupting the airway barrier therefore has the potential to prevent disease exacerbations without affecting the protective immune responses. AREAS COVERED Here, we review the endogenous factors and specific mechanisms disrupting airway epithelial barrier during inflammation and reflect on whether these factors can be specifically targeted by repurposed existing drugs. Literature search was conducted using PubMed, drug database of US FDA and European Medicines Agency until and including September 2021. EXPERT OPINION IL-4 and IL-13 signaling are the major pathways disrupting the airway epithelial barrier during airway inflammation. However, blocking IL-4/IL-13 signaling may adversely affect protective immune responses and increase susceptibility of host to infections. An alternate approach to modulate airway epithelial barrier function involves targeting specific downstream component of IL-4/IL-13 signaling or different inflammatory mediators responsible for regulation of airway epithelial barrier. Airway epithelium-targeted therapy using inhibitors of HDAC, HSP90, MIF, mTOR, IL-17A and VEGF may be a potential strategy to prevent airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Anjoom Sunil
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Tom Skaria
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
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11
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Han J, Jia Y, Wang S, Gan X. The Improvement Effect of Sodium Ferulate on the Formation of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Silicosis Mice Through the Neutrophil Alkaline Phosphatase 3 (NALP3)/Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e927978. [PMID: 34127642 PMCID: PMC8214818 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumoconiosis is a chronic progressive fibrotic interstitial pneumonia for which the pathogenesis and treatment remain unclear. Previous studies showed that sodium ferulate (SF) may have a therapeutic effect, and this study explored the mechanism underlying SF-related improvement. Material/Methods In this study, a silicosis mouse model and primary cultured mouse lung fibroblasts were established. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, western blot analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Masson staining were used to observe the lung injury, expression of vimentin, and the degree of pulmonary fibrosis. The extracted lung fibroblasts were identified by immunofluorescence. The expression of fibrosis-related genes encoding transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), neutrophil alkaline phosphatase 3 (NALP3), collagen-1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) and p38 proteins were detected by western blot. The effects of SF and the TGF-β pathway agonist SRI-011381 on cell proliferation and the expression of fibrosis-related protein in mouse lung fibroblasts were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8, immunofluorescence, and western blot as needed. Results SF reduced the lung lesions in silicosis mice and inhibited the expression of vimentin and fibrosis-related genes, while having no effect on body weight. Vimentin expression was positive in the extracted cells. In vitro experiments showed that SF inhibited the proliferation of lung fibroblasts and the expression of fibrosis-related proteins. In addition, SF partly reversed the opposite regulatory effect of SRI-011381 on lung fibroblasts. Conclusions SF inhibited lung injury and fibrosis in silicosis mice through the NALP3/TGF-β1/α-SMA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Han
- Department of Occupational Disease, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yangmin Jia
- Department of Occupational Disease, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Occupational Disease, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoyu Gan
- Department of Occupational Disease, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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12
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Qi XM, Luo Y, Song MY, Liu Y, Shu T, Liu Y, Pang JL, Wang J, Wang C. Pneumoconiosis: current status and future prospects. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:898-907. [PMID: 33879753 PMCID: PMC8078400 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pneumoconiosis refers to a spectrum of pulmonary diseases caused by inhalation of mineral dust, usually as the result of certain occupations. The main pathological features include chronic pulmonary inflammation and progressive pulmonary fibrosis, which can eventually lead to death caused by respiratory and/or heart failure. Pneumoconiosis is widespread globally, seriously threatening global public health. Its high incidence and mortality lie in improper occupational protection, and in the lack of early diagnostic methods and effective treatments. This article reviews the epidemiology, safeguard procedures, diagnosis, and treatment of pneumoconiosis, and summarizes recent research advances and future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Mei Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ya Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mei-Yue Song
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ting Shu
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun-Ling Pang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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13
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Abd Elhameed AG. Krill oil and low-dose aspirin combination mitigates experimentally induced silicosis in rats: role of NF-κB/TGF-β1/MMP-9 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19272-19284. [PMID: 33398741 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study is an attempt to assess pulmonary protective and antifibrotic potentials of a combination of aspirin, a widely used anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective agent, and krill oil, a naturally occurring omega-3 fatty acid source, against silica-induced pulmonary injury. For silicosis induction, silica particles (50 mg/rat, 0.1 mL 0.9% NaCl) were instilled intranasally into rats. Aspirin (10 mg/kg/day), krill oil (40 mg/kg/day), or their combination was administered orally for 56 days following silica exposure. Results showed that oral aspirin and krill oil combination significantly mitigated silica-induced pulmonary injury. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination showed a decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity, total protein content, and accumulation of total and differential inflammatory cells. Oral aspirin and krill oil combination significantly attenuated silica-induced oxidative stress through the restoration of reduced glutathione concentration and catalase activity in addition to alleviation of elevated malondialdehyde and total nitric oxide contents. Moreover, aspirin and krill oil combination revealed considerable mitigation of silica-induced upregulated expression of the inflammatory and fibrotic mediators: nuclear factor kappa-B, transforming growth factor-β1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. The antifibrotic effect was also evidenced through the decreased hydroxyproline content and the obvious restoration of lung architecture, as demonstrated upon histopathological examination. In conclusion, oral aspirin and krill oil combination can confer pulmonary protective, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic potentials against silica-induced pulmonary injury. This impact could be credited to the ability of this combination to activate resolution mechanisms, which, in turn, suppress the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic biomarkers and replenish antioxidant stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G Abd Elhameed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt.
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14
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Liu S, Chen D, Li X, Guan M, Zhou Y, Li L, Jia W, Zhou C, Shu C, Wang C, Bai C. Fullerene nanoparticles: a promising candidate for the alleviation of silicosis-associated pulmonary inflammation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17470-17479. [PMID: 32808001 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04401f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to crystalline silica causes the development of silicosis, which is one of the most important occupational diseases worldwide. In the early stage of silicosis, inhaled silica crystals initiate oxidative stress, a cycle of persistent inflammation and lung injury. And it is crucial to prevent the deteriorative progression in the onset of the disease. Herein, we present a promising candidate for the treatment of crystalline silica-induced pulmonary inflammation, using a silicosis mouse model caused by intratracheal instillation based on local administration of β-alanine and hydroxyl functionalized C70 fullerene nanoparticles (FNs). The results demonstrate that FNs could significantly alleviate inflammatory cells infiltration, lower the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduce the destruction of lung architecture stimulated by crystalline silica. Further investigations reveal that FNs could effectively inhibit the activation of NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome, and thus prevent the secretion of mature IL-1β and neutrophil influx, deriving from the superior ROS scavenging capability. Importantly, FNs could not cause any obvious toxicity after pulmonary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daiqin Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mirong Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wang Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunying Shu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunli Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Miles T, Hoyne GF, Knight DA, Fear MW, Mutsaers SE, Prêle CM. The contribution of animal models to understanding the role of the immune system in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1153. [PMID: 32742653 PMCID: PMC7385431 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis occurs in a heterogeneous group of lung disorders and is characterised by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins within the pulmonary interstitium, leading to impaired gas transfer and a loss of lung function. In the past 10 years, there has been a dramatic increase in our understanding of the immune system and how it contributes to fibrogenic processes within the lung. This review will compare some of the models used to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, in particular those used to study immune cell pathogenicity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in dissecting human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tylah Miles
- Institute for Respiratory Health Nedlands WA Australia.,Centre for Respiratory Health School of Biomedical Sciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Gerard F Hoyne
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia.,School of Health Sciences University of Notre Dame Australia Fremantle WA Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Providence Health Care Research Institute Vancouver BC Canada.,University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Steven E Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health Nedlands WA Australia.,Centre for Respiratory Health School of Biomedical Sciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Centre for Respiratory Health School of Biomedical Sciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia.,Ear Science Institute Australia Nedlands WA Australia
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16
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miR-135a Alleviates Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Targeting NF- κB/Inflammatory Signaling Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1231243. [PMID: 32617074 PMCID: PMC7317310 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1231243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica exposure triggers inflammatory response and pulmonary fibrosis that is a severe occupational or environmental lung disease with no effective therapies. The complicated biological and molecular mechanisms underlying silica-induced lung damages have not yet been fully understood. miR-135a inhibits inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer cell proliferation. But the roles of miRNA135a involved in the silica-induced lung damages remain largely unexplored. We investigated the roles and mechanisms of miR-135a underlying silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The present study showed silica exposure caused the decrease in miR-135a level but the increase in inflammatory mediators. Transduction of lentivirus expressing miR-135a reduced the level of inflammatory mediators in lung tissues from silica-treated mice and improved pulmonary fibrosis which was consistent with the downregulated α-SMA but enhanced E-cadherin. Moreover, miR-135a overexpression inhibited p-p65 level in lung tissues. Overexpression of miR-135a inhibitor strengthened TLR4 protein level and NF-κB activation in BEAS-2B cells. Injection of PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB, further reinforced miR-135a-mediated amelioration of inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica. The collective data indicate miR-135a restrains NF-κB activation probably through targeting TLR4 to alleviate silica-induced inflammatory response and pulmonary fibrosis.
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17
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Electroanalysis Applied to Compatibility and Stability Assays of Drugs: Carvedilol Study Case. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13040070. [PMID: 32316568 PMCID: PMC7243106 DOI: 10.3390/ph13040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol (CRV) is a non-selective blocker of α and β adrenergic receptors, which has been extensively used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Owing to its poor biopharmaceutical properties, CRV has been incorporated into different types of drug delivery systems and this necessitates the importance of investigating their compatibility and stability. In this sense, we have investigated the applicability of several electroanalytical tools to assess CRV compatibility with lipid excipients. Voltammetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were used to evaluate the redox behavior of CRV and lipid excipients. Results showed that Plurol® isostearic, liquid excipient, and stearic acid presented the greatest anode peak potential variation, and these were considered suitable excipients for CRV formulation. CRV showed the highest stability at room temperature and at 50 °C when mixed with stearic acid (7% w/w). The results also provided evidence that electrochemical methods might be feasible to complement standard stability/compatibility studies related to redox reactions.
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18
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Helal MG, Megahed NA, Abd Elhameed AG. Saxagliptin mitigates airway inflammation in a mouse model of acute asthma via modulation of NF-kB and TLR4. Life Sci 2019; 239:117017. [PMID: 31678284 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Saxagliptin (Saxa), a dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been documented to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. Our objective was to delineate the protective effect and the underlying mechanism of Saxa-in comparison with Dexamethasone (Dexa) - in airway inflammation induced by ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. METHODS Mice were OVA-sensitized and challenged for the induction of acute asthma. Mice were orally administrated Saxa or Dexa. Total and differential cell counts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total protein concentrations were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total nitrate/nitrite products (NOx) levels as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissues were measured. Histopathological examination of the lung specimens was carried out using the hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. RESULTS Histopathological examination revealed that both Saxa and Dexa ameliorated OVA-induced inflammatory changes and significantly reduced total and differential leukocyte counts, LDH and total protein level in BALF upon comparison with OVA group. In addition, both treatments significantly mitigated OVA-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by diminished lung NOx level and MPO activity and elevated GSH level. The elevation of TLR4 and NF-kB levels in lung tissue were ameliorated by Saxa and Dexa administration. CONCLUSION Saxa had marked antiasthmatic effect in OVA-induced allergic asthma through modulation of TLR4 and NF-κB signaling. Also, Saxa may represent a promising therapeutic agent for acute allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar G Helal
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmed G Abd Elhameed
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
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