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Mariappan V, Shanmugam L, Ranganathan Green S, Easow JM, Mutheneni SR, Thirugnanasambandhar Sivasubramanian A, Balakrishna Pillai A. Increased shedding of PECAM-1 associated with elevated serum MMP-14 levels as new blood indicators of dengue disease manifestation. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104964. [PMID: 39181201 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Host factors that regulate plasma leakage during severe dengue (SD) are under investigation. While PECAM-1 and MMP-14 have been reported to regulate vascular integrity, their role in dengue pathogenesis remains unexplored. This study aims to assess the association of soluble PECAM-1 and MMP-14 with dengue severity symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum levels of PECAM-1 and MMP-14 were evaluated in dengue (N-25) comprising 10 severe dengue (SD) and 15 non-severe dengue, 10 other febrile illnesses along with healthy controls (N-10) using ELISA. Protein levels were assessed using in vitro models. RESULTS From febrile to critical phase, a significant increase in PECAM-1 (P≤0.01) & MMP-14 (P≤0.001) levels were observed in SD cases compared to non-severe or other controls. Serum levels of PECAM-1 and MMP 14 were found to be positively (P≤0.001) associated. Soluble PECAM-1 levels of severe defervescence showed a positive correlation (P≤0.001) with plasma leakage and an inverse relationship (P≤0.001) with platelet count. In vitro analysis revealed elevated expression of study proteins in endothelial cells activated with severe serum samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to explore PECAM-1 or MMP-14 dynamics and their association with dengue severity. CONCLUSION Higher shedding of sPECAM-1 accompanied with increased levels of MMP-14 is strongly associated with severe dengue. However, the exact role of serum PECAM-1 in disease prognosis requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Mariappan
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry 607 402, India.
| | - Lokesh Shanmugam
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE), Ayapakkam, Chennai 600 070, India.
| | - Siva Ranganathan Green
- Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMCRI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry 607 402, India.
| | - Joshy M Easow
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMCRI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry 607 402, India.
| | - Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 007, India.
| | | | - Agieshkumar Balakrishna Pillai
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry 607 402, India.
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The role of leukotriene B 4 in cow metritis. J Vet Res 2023; 67:99-104. [PMID: 37008766 PMCID: PMC10062042 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Metritis is a common postpartum disease in dairy cows. As a mast cell (MC) mediator, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is the strongest phagocyte chemokine. It is important in inflammation for the recruitment of immune cells to resist infection. This study investigated the effect of LTB4 in metritis.
Material and Methods
Twenty Holstein cows 3 to 6 years old and at 6 to 10 days postpartum were selected, ten of which with postpartum metritis were the experimental group, and the other ten of which as healthy cows were the control group. The levels of LTB4, substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were measured by ELISA, the expression of LTB4 receptor 2 (BLT2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 mRNA was measured by qPCR, and collagens I and IV were detected by immunohistochemical staining.
Results
Concentrations of SP and LTB4 were significantly higher, but those of VIP were significantly lower in the experimental group than those in the control group. The expression of BLT2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group. The expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅳ was significantly lower in the experimental group than that in the control group.
Conclusion
In metritis, SP promotes the activation of MC and the synthesis and release of LTB4. Leukotriene B4 chemotactic immune cells promote the high expression of collagenase, which accelerated the hydrolysis of collagen, while the inhibitory effect of VIP on MC was weakened. This may further aggravate the damage to uterine tissue.
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Niranjan R, Murugasamy V, Sunilkumar A, Manoj H, Ganesh K, Vidhyapriya P, Sankari T, Muthukumaravel S, Kumar A. Atorvastatin attenuates NS1 (Non-structural protein-1) of dengue type-2 serotype-induced expressions of matrix metalloproteinases in HL-60 cells, differentiated to neutrophils: Implications for the immunopathogenesis of dengue viral disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109082. [PMID: 36108401 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dengue is a vector borne viral infection in humans. Bite of mosquito infected with a dengue virus transmits the disease. The neutrophils support more to the innate immune response by switching to infected tissues and triggering immunomodulatory mechanisms including the release of proteases and host defence peptides. METHODS Cell viability by MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assay, bright field microscopy for assessment of cell morphology, cytokines measurements by ELISA, estimation of protein by Bradford assay were done. Assessments of matrix metalloproteinase genes mRNA expressions were done using real-time PCR. RESULTS In the present study, we have for the first time unveiled that, NS1 antigen of dengue type-2 serotype, induce and stimulate the neutrophils cells to express high levels of matrix metalloproteases. NS1 exposure of HL-60 cells differentiated to neutrophils affected cell morphology and in 24 h of exposure. We have demonstrated that, the NS1 antigen has induced MMP-2, MMP-14 and MMP-9 expressions in neutrophils in a 24hrs exposure time. NS1 exposure has also further upregulated MMP-1, MMP-13, and MMP-8 expressions in neutrophils in a 24hrs exposure time. Notably, treatment with atorvastatin concentrations downregulated the expression profile of the all matrix metalloprotease significantly. Importantly, NS1 antigen has significantly increased the IL-6, IL-13 release by the HL,60 cells which was reversed by atorvastatin. On the other hand, NS1 exposure enhanced the mRNA expressions of VEGF-A and VEGF-D which was reversed by atorvastatin. However, we found that, NS1 exposure reduced the mRNA expressions profile of VEGF-C, which was reversed by atorvastatin. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we report that, neutrophils associated matrix metalloprotease are involved in the pathogenesis of dengue viral disease. VEGF growth factors may also be released by the neutrophils which may subsequently participate in the endothelial dysfunctions leading to dengue shock syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Niranjan
- Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India.
| | - Vyshali Murugasamy
- Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Anupama Sunilkumar
- Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - H Manoj
- Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Khashpatika Ganesh
- Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Pitchavel Vidhyapriya
- Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - T Sankari
- Division of Omics, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
| | | | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry 605006, India
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Hattori T, Iwasaki-Hozumi H, Bai G, Chagan-Yasutan H, Shete A, Telan EF, Takahashi A, Ashino Y, Matsuba T. Both Full-Length and Protease-Cleaved Products of Osteopontin Are Elevated in Infectious Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081006. [PMID: 34440210 PMCID: PMC8394573 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating full-length osteopontin (FL-OPN) is elevated in plasma from patients with various infectious diseases, such as adult T-cell leukemia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), hepatitis virus infection, leptospirosis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS/TB, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Proteolysis of OPN by thrombin, matrix metalloproteases, caspase 8/3, cathepsin D, plasmin, and enterokinase generates various cleaved OPNs with a variety of bioactivities by binding to different target cells. Moreover, OPN is susceptible to gradual proteolysis. During inflammation, one of the cleaved fragments, N-terminal thrombin-cleaved OPN (trOPN or OPN-Arg168 [OPN-R]), induces dendritic cell (DC) adhesion. Further cleavage by carboxypeptidase B2 or carboxypeptidase N removes Arg168 from OPN-R to OPN-Leu167 (OPN-L). Consequently, OPN-L decreases DC adhesion. In particular, the differences in plasma level over time are observed between FL-OPN and its cleaved OPNs during inflammation. We found that the undefined OPN levels (mixture of FL-OPN and cleaved OPN) were elevated in plasma and reflected the pathology of TB and COVID-19 rather than FL-OPN. These infections are associated with elevated levels of various proteases. Inhibition of the cleavage or the activities of cleaved products may improve the outcome of the therapy. Research on the metabolism of OPN is expected to create new therapies against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Hattori
- Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan; (H.I.-H.); (G.B.); (H.C.-Y.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-866-22-9469
| | - Hiroko Iwasaki-Hozumi
- Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan; (H.I.-H.); (G.B.); (H.C.-Y.); (A.T.)
| | - Gaowa Bai
- Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan; (H.I.-H.); (G.B.); (H.C.-Y.); (A.T.)
| | - Haorile Chagan-Yasutan
- Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan; (H.I.-H.); (G.B.); (H.C.-Y.); (A.T.)
- Mongolian Psychosomatic Medicine Department, International Mongolian Medicine Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010065, China
| | - Ashwnini Shete
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, 73 G-Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune 411026, India;
| | - Elizabeth Freda Telan
- STD AIDS Cooperative Central Laboratory, San Lazaro Hospital, Manila 1003, Philippines;
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan; (H.I.-H.); (G.B.); (H.C.-Y.); (A.T.)
| | - Yugo Ashino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai 982-8502, Japan;
| | - Takashi Matsuba
- Department of Animal Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyusyu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka 882-8508, Japan;
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Mariappan V, Adikari S, Shanmugam L, Easow JM, Balakrishna Pillai A. Expression dynamics of vascular endothelial markers: endoglin and syndecan-1 in predicting dengue disease outcome. Transl Res 2021; 232:121-141. [PMID: 33567345 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasma leakage is a hallmark process in dengue viral (DENV) infection that occurs due to the loss of vascular integrity in endothelial cells. Endoglin (ENG) and Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) are released by activated endothelial cells; however, the complete dynamics of its expression at the gene and protein levels during the course of DENV infection remains unknown. In the present study, we quantified the mRNA and soluble protein levels of ENG and SDC-1 in dengue cases during febrile, defervescence, and convalescence stages in Dengue without Warning Sign (DWOW-15), Dengue with Warning Sign (DWW-22), and Severe Dengue cases (SD-10) compared to nondengue Other Febrile Illness (OFI-10) and healthy control (HC-8). Respective protein and mRNA levels along with clinical characters were further analyzed for their efficacy in predicting disease outcomes using Support Vector Machine (SVM). We observed a steady and significant (P ≤ 0.01) increase in the levels of protein and mRNA of both the ENG and SDC-1 towards defervescence which is considered a critical phase in both severe and non-severe dengue cases. Importantly during the critical phase, the levels were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.001) in SD cases compared to DWW, DWOW, and OFI controls. However, at the time of admission (febrile), no such significant changes were observed within dengue, OFI, and healthy controls. SVM analysis revealed that the serum levels of ENG and SDC-1 along with other clinical symptoms could predict the disease severity with 100% accuracy. Based on the results we have proposed a mechanism on how ENG and SDC-1 could be involved in vascular dysfunction rather than just being a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Mariappan
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), School of Biological Science, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Shalinda Adikari
- Department of Information System and Analytics, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lokesh Shanmugam
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMCRI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Joshy M Easow
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMCRI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Agieshkumar Balakrishna Pillai
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), School of Biological Science, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India.
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Hu Z, Gu H, Ni J, Hu S, Hu J, Wang X, Liu X, Liu X. Matrix metalloproteinase-14 regulates collagen degradation and migration of mononuclear cells during infection with genotype VII Newcastle disease virus. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33090092 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14, a major driven force of extracellular-matrix (ECM) remodelling and cell migration, correlates with ECM breakdown and pathologic manifestation of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens. However, the functional relevance between MMP-14 and pathogenesis of genotype VII NDV remains to be investigated. In this study, expression, biofunction and regulation of MMP-14 induced by genotype VII NDV were analysed in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The results showed that JS5/05 significantly increased expression and membrane accumulation of MMP-14 in PBMCs, correlating to enhanced collagen degradation and cell migration. Specific MMP-14 inhibition significantly impaired collagen degradation and migration of JS5/05-infected cells, suggesting dependence of these features on MMP-14. In addition, MMP-14 upregulation correlated with activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway upon JS5/05 infection, and blockage of the ERK signalling significantly suppressed MMP-14-mediated collagen degradation and migration of JS5/05-infected cells. Using a panel of chimeric NDVs derived from gene exchange between genotype VII and IV NDV, the fusion and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes were identified as the major viral determinants for MMP-14 expression and activity. In conclusion, MMP-14 was defined as a critical regulator of collagen degradation and cell migration of chicken PBMCs infected with genotype VII NDV, which may contribute to pathology of the virus. Our findings add novel information to the body of knowledge regarding virus-host biology and NDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Han Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
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Niranjan R, Kishor S, Kumar A. Matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of dengue viral disease: Involvement of immune system and newer therapeutic strategies. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4629-4637. [PMID: 33634515 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the burden due to dengue infection is increasing with a recent estimate of 96 million progressing to the disease every year. Dengue pathogenesis and the factors influencing it are not completely known. It is now widely speculated that there is an important role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the initiation and progression of dengue pathogenesis; however, their exact roles are not fully understood. Overactivation of matrix metalloproteinases may contribute to the severity of dengue pathogenesis. Cytokines and various other mediators of inflammation interact with the vascular endothelium and matrix metalloproteinases may be one of the components among them. Extensive plasma leakage into tissue spaces may result in a shock. It is evident in the literature that MMP2 and MMP9 increase in dengue patients is correlated with the severity of the disease; however, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Activation of innate cells and adaptive immune cells which include, B and T cells, macrophages or monocytes and dendritic cells also contribute to the dengue pathology. Newer therapeutic strategies include microRNAs, such as miR-134 (targets MMP3 and MMP1) and MicroRNA-320d, (targets MMP/TIMP proteolytic system). The use of antibodies-based therapeutics like (Andecaliximab; anti-matrix metalloproteinase-9 antibody) is also suggested against MMPs in dengue. In this review, we summarize some recent developments associated with the involvement of immune cells and their mediators associated with the matrix metalloproteinases mediated dengue pathogenesis. We highlight that, there is still very little knowledge about the MMPs in dengue pathogenesis which needs attention and extensive investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Niranjan
- Immunology Laboratory, ICMR-Vector Control Research Center, Puducherry, India
| | - Sumitha Kishor
- Immunology Laboratory, ICMR-Vector Control Research Center, Puducherry, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Immunology Laboratory, ICMR-Vector Control Research Center, Puducherry, India
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Gu H, Hu Z, Shi L, Liu X. Assay of extracellular matrix degradation and transmigration of chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells after infection with genotype VII Newcastle disease virus in vitro. J Virol Methods 2021; 290:114076. [PMID: 33515662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that, compared to genotype IV Newcastle disease virus (NDV), genotype VII NDV induced extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by up-regulating the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 in chicken spleens. To investigate potential relationship between MMP-14 function and the ECM degradation, an in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infection model was established to study the effect of genotype VII NDV (JS5/05) infection on MMP-14 expression, ECM degradation and cell transmigration. The gene and protein expression levels of MMP-14 in NDV-infected chicken PBMCs were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, and the subcellular location of MMP-14 was analyzed using immunofluorescence microscopy. A fluorescence-based collagen degradation assay was optimized to measure ECM degradation in PBMCs. Additionally, parameters of a transwell-based transmigration assay were also optimized to determine chemotaxis and transmigration of virus-infected PBMCs. The results showed that JS5/05 up-regulated significantly the expression of MMP-14 in PBMCs at the mRNA and protein levels compared to genotype IV NDV (Herts/33). MMP-14 was transported towards the membrane and accumulated on the cell surface of the JS5/05-infected cells, whereas it remained mainly in the cytoplasm of the Herts/33-infected cells. Collagen degradation assay showed that JS5/05-infected cells exhibited significant collagen degradation compared to the Herts/33-infected cells, and the areas of collagen degradation co-localized with cell surface MMP-14 in the JS5/05-infected cells. The transwell-based transmigration system showed that the transmigration of the JS5/05-infected PBMCs was enhanced significantly compared to the Herts/33-infected cells. These results demonstrated that genotype VII NDV induced up-regulation and surface accumulation of MMP-14 in PBMCs, leading to enhanced ECM degradation and cell migration, and the assays optimized for this study were useful for investigating the regulation of cell behaviour by NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liwei Shi
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Chia PY, Thein TL, Ong SWX, Lye DC, Leo YS. Severe dengue and liver involvement: an overview and review of the literature. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:181-189. [PMID: 31971031 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1720652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Two billion population are at risk of dengue fever and by 2080, over six billion population will be at risk. Hepatitis is common in dengue and the liver is invariably involved in severe cases. We conducted a literature review using the PubMed database on articles covering a broad range of issues related to dengue and hepatitis.Areas covered: This article overviews available literature on changes in the definition of severe dengue, pathogenesis of liver involvement in dengue, clinical manifestations, and predictors of mortality in severe dengue with liver involvement, impact of viral hepatitis co-infections and hepatotoxic drugs, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.Expert commentary: Hepatitis is commonly seen in dengue however the degree of elevation of transaminases did not correlate well with severity of illness in observational studies, except in the elderly. The underlying pathogenesis of liver injury is still being elucidated and further studies are required to fully understand the cellular pathways. Acute or chronic viral hepatitis does not appear to affect dengue outcomes. Commonly used medications such as paracetamol and statins may influence dengue outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Ying Chia
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun-Linn Thein
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean Wei Xiang Ong
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Chien Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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