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Chiarini A, Armato U, Gui L, Dal Prà I. "Other Than NLRP3" Inflammasomes: Multiple Roles in Brain Disease. Neuroscientist 2024; 30:23-48. [PMID: 35815856 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, whose prevalence keeps rising, are still unsolved pathobiological/therapeutical problems. Among others, recent etiology hypotheses stressed as their main driver a chronic neuroinflammation, which is mediated by innate immunity-related protein oligomers: the inflammasomes. A panoply of exogenous and/or endogenous harmful agents activates inflammasomes' assembly, signaling, and IL-1β/IL-18 production and neural cells' pyroptotic death. The underlying concept is that inflammasomes' chronic activation advances neurodegeneration while their short-lasting operation restores tissue homeostasis. Hence, from a therapeutic standpoint, it is crucial to understand inflammasomes' regulatory mechanisms. About this, a deluge of recent studies focused on the NLRP3 inflammasome with suggestions that its pharmacologic block would hinder neurodegeneration. Yet hitherto no evidence proves this view. Moreover, known inflammasomes are numerous, and the mechanisms regulating their expression and function may vary with the involved animal species and strains, as well as organs and cells, and the harmful factors triggered as a result. Therefore, while presently leaving out some little-studied inflammasomes, this review focuses on the "other than NLRP3" inflammasomes that participate in neuroinflammation's complex mechanisms: NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRC4, and AIM2. Although human-specific data about them are relatively scant, we stress that only a holistic view including several human brain inflammasomes and other potential pathogenetic drivers will lead to successful therapies for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiarini
- Human Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Human Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Li Gui
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ilaria Dal Prà
- Human Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Zhang P, Huang C, Liu H, Zhang M, Liu L, Zhai Y, Zhang J, Yang J, Yang J. The mechanism of the NFAT transcription factor family involved in oxidative stress response. J Cardiol 2024; 83:30-36. [PMID: 37149283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As a transcriptional activator widely expressed in various tissues, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is involved in the regulation of the immune system, the development of the heart and brain systems, and classically mediating pathological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy. Oxidative stress is an imbalance of intracellular redox status, characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload, and subsequent lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Oxidative stress occurs during various pathological processes, such as chronic hypoxia, vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching, ischemia-reperfusion, and cardiac remodeling. Calcium overload leads to an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, while NFAT can be activated through calcium-calcineurin, which is also the main regulatory mode of NFAT factors. This review focuses on the effects of NFAT transcription factors on reactive oxygen species production, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, redox reactions, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. We hope to provide a reference for the functions and characteristics of NFAT involved in various stages of oxidative stress as well as related potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Haiyin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; HuBei Clinical Research Center for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Yichang, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
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Huang Y, Han M, Shi Q, Li X, Mo J, Liu Y, Chu Z, Li W. Li, P HY-021068 alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome and restoring autophagy function in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114583. [PMID: 37884189 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a severe pathological condition that involves oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and neuronal damage. HY-021068 belongs to a new drug of chemical class 1, which is a potential thromboxane synthase inhibitor. Our preliminary experiment found that HY-021068 has significant anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the protective effect and mechanism of HY-021068 in CIRI remain unclear. To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of HY-021068 in CIRI mice. In mice, CIRI was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion. Mice were treated with HY-021068 or LV-NLRP1-shRNA (lentivirus-mediated shRNA transfection to knock down NLRP1 expression). The locomotor activity, neuronal damage, pathological changes, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) expression, NLRP1 inflammasome activation, autophagy markers, and apoptotic proteins were assessed in CIRI mice. In this study, treatment with HY-021065 and LV-NLRP1-shRNA significantly improved motor dysfunction and neuronal damage after CIRI in mice. HY-021065 and NLRP1 knockdown significantly ameliorated the pathological damage and increased PSD-95 expression in the cortex and hippocampus CA1 and CA3 regions. The further studies showed that compared with the CIRI model group, HY-021065 and NLRP1 knockdown treatment inhibited the expressions of NLRP1, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β, restored the expressions of p-AMPK/AMPK, Beclin1, LC3II/LC3I, p-mTOR/m-TOR and P62, and regulated the expressions of BCL-2, Caspase3, and BAX in brain tissues of CIRI mice in CIRI mice. These results suggest that HY-021068 exerts a protective role in CIRI mice by inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome activation and regulating autophagy function and neuronal apoptosis. HY-021068 is expected to become a new therapeutic drug for CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qifeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xuewang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajia Mo
- Hefei Industrial and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hefei 230200, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaoxing Chu
- Hefei Industrial and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hefei 230200, Anhui, China.
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Song P, Sun M, Liu C, Liu J, Lin P, Chen H, Zhou D, Tang K, Wang A, Jin Y. Reactive Oxygen Species Damage Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells via the Cytochrome C-mPTP Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2123. [PMID: 38136242 PMCID: PMC10741073 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
After parturition, bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) undergo serious inflammation and imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation, which is widely acknowledged as a primary contributor to the development of endometritis in dairy cows. Nevertheless, the mechanism of oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and damage in bovine endometrial epithelial cells remains inadequately defined, particularly the molecular pathways associated with mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Hence, the present study was designed to explore the mechanism responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction-induced BEEC damage. In vivo, the expressions of proapoptotic protein caspase 3 and cytochrome C were increased significantly in dairy uteri with endometritis. Similarly, the levels of proapoptotic protein caspase 3, BAX, and cytochrome C were markedly increased in H2O2-treated BEECs. Our findings revealed pronounced BEEC damage in dairy cows with endometritis, accompanied by heightened expression of cyto-C and caspase-3 both in vivo and in vitro. The reduction in apoptosis-related protein of BEECs due to oxidant injury was notably mitigated following N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment. Furthermore, mitochondrial vacuolation was significantly alleviated, and mitochondrial membrane potential returned to normal levels after the removal of ROS. Excessive ROS may be the main cause of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) blockade by cyclophilin D (CypD) knockdown with CSA significantly blocked the flow of cytochrome C (cyto-C) and Ca2+ to the cytoplasm from the mitochondria. Our results indicate that elevated ROS and persistent opening of the mPTP are the main causes of oxidative damage in BEECs. Collectively our results reveal a new mechanism involving ROS-mPTP signaling in oxidative damage to BEECs, which may be a potential avenue for the clinical treatment of bovine endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yaping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (P.S.)
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Jung E, Kim YE, Jeon HS, Yoo M, Kim M, Kim YM, Koh SH, Choi YK. Chronic hypoxia of endothelial cells boosts HIF-1α-NLRP1 circuit in Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2023:S0891-5849(23)00427-6. [PMID: 37245530 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral microvasculature of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits reduced capillary diameter and impaired blood flow. Molecular mechanisms of ischemic vessels affecting AD progressions have not been well established yet. In the present study, we found that in vivo triple (PS1M146V, APPswe, tauP301L) transgenic AD mouse model (3x-Tg AD) brains and retinas showed hypoxic vessels expressing hypoxyprobe and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). To mimic in vivo hypoxic vessels, we used in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated endothelial cells. HIF-1α protein was increased through reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing NADPH oxidases (NOX) (i.e., Nox2, Nox4). OGD-induced HIF-1α upregulated Nox2 and Nox4, demonstrating crosstalk between HIF-1α and NOX (i.e., Nox2, Nox4). Interestingly, NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) protein was promoted by OGD, and such effect was blocked by downregulation of Nox4 and HIF-1α. Knockdown of NLRP1 also diminished OGD-mediated protein levels of Nox2, Nox4, and HIF-1α in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. These results showed interplay among HIF-1α, Nox4 and NLRP1 in OGD-treated endothelial cells. Expression of NLRP3 was not detected well in hypoxic endothelial cells of 3x-Tg AD retinas or OGD-treated endothelial cells. Instead, hypoxic endothelial cells of 3x-Tg AD brains and retinas markedly expressed NLRP1, the adaptor molecule apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), caspase-1, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Taken together, our results suggest that AD brains and retinas can trigger chronic hypoxia especially in microvascular endothelial cells, consequently leading to NLRP1 inflammasome formation and upregulation of ASC-caspase-1-IL-1β cascades. In addition, NLRP1 can stimulate HIF-1α expression and form HIF-1α-NLRP1 circuit. These consequences might further destroy vascular system in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Su Jeon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjong Yoo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, 11923, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Li X, Zhang H, Yang L, Dong X, Han Y, Su Y, Li W, Li W. Inhibition of NLRP1 inflammasome improves autophagy dysfunction and Aβ disposition in APP/PS1 mice. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:7. [PMID: 37055801 PMCID: PMC10100229 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that the NOD-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome is associated with Aβ generation and deposition, which contributes to neuronal damage and neuronal-inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific mechanism of NLRP1 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of AD is still unclear. It has been reported that autophagy dysfunction can aggravate the pathological symptoms of AD and plays an important role in regulating Aβ generation and clearance. We hypothesized that NLRP1 inflammasome activation may induce autophagy dysfunction contributing to the progression of AD. In the present study, we observed the relationship between Aβ generation and NLRP1 inflammasome activation, as well as AMPK/mTOR mediated-autophagy dysfunction in WT 9-month-old (M) mice, APP/PS1 6 M and APP/PS1 9 M mice. Additionally, we further studied the effect of NLRP1 knockdown on cognitive function, Aβ generation, neuroinflammation and AMPK/mTOR mediated autophagy in APP/PS1 9 M mice. Our results indicated that NLRP1 inflammasome activation and AMPK/mTOR mediated-autophagy dysfunction are closely implicated in Aβ generation and deposition in APP/PS1 9 M mice, but not in APP/PS1 6 M mice. Meanwhile, we found that knockdown of NLRP1 significantly improved learning and memory impairments, decreased the expressions of NLRP1, ASC, caspase-1, p-NF-κB, IL-1β, APP, CTF-β, BACE1 and Aβ1-42, and decreased the level of p-AMPK, Beclin 1 and LC3 II, and increased the level of p-mTOR and P62 in APP/PS1 9 M mice. Our study suggested that inhibition of NLRP1 inflammasome activation improves AMPK/mTOR mediated-autophagy dysfunction, resulting in the decrease of Aβ generation, and NLRP1 and autophagy might be important targets to delay the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xianan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuli Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Anqing, 246052, Anhui, China.
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Han J, Liu M, Ling Y, Ren Y, Qiu Y, Liu Y, Yin Y. The Role of Endophilin A1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model Mice. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:743-756. [PMID: 37334616 PMCID: PMC10473136 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-225098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophilin A1 (EPA1) is encoded by the SH3GL2 gene, and SH3GL2 was designated as a Parkinson's disease (PD) risk locus by genome-wide association analysis, suggesting that EPA1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of PD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of EPA1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PD model mice. METHODS The mice PD model was prepared by injecting LPS into the substantia nigra (SN), and the changes in the behavioral data of mice in each group were observed. The damage of dopaminergic neurons, activation of microglia, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were detected by immunofluorescence method; calcium ion concentration was detected by calcium content detection kit; EPA1 and inflammation and its related indicators were detected by western blot method. EPA1 knockdown was performed by an adeno-associated virus vector containing EPA1-shRNA-eGFP infusion. RESULTS LPS-induced PD model mice developed behavioral dysfunction, SN dopaminergic nerve damage, significantly increased calcium ion, calpain 1, and ROS production, activated NLRP1 inflammasome and promoted pro-inflammatory cell release, and SN EPA1 knockdown improves behavioral disorders, alleviates dopaminergic neuron damage, reduces calcium, calpain 1, ROS generation, and blocks NLRP1 inflammasome-driven inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION The expression of EPA1 in the SN of LPS-induced PD model mice was increased, and it played a role in promoting the occurrence and development of PD. EPA1 knockdown inhibited the NLRP1 inflammasome activation, decreased the release of inflammatory factors and ROS generation, and alleviated dopaminergic neuron damage. This indicated that EPA1 may participating in the occurrence and development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubo Ren
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Qiu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Stomatological Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Shen Y, Qian L, Luo H, Li X, Ruan Y, Fan R, Si Z, Chen Y, Li L, Liu Y. The Significance of NLRP Inflammasome in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081057. [PMID: 36009120 PMCID: PMC9406040 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP inflammasome is a multi-protein complex which mainly consists of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain. Its activation is linked to microglial-mediated neuroinflammation and partial neuronal degeneration. Many neuropsychiatric illnesses have increased inflammatory responses as both a primary cause and a defining feature. The NLRP inflammasome inhibition delays the progression and alleviates the deteriorating effects of neuroinflammation on several neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence on the central effects of the NLRP inflammasome potentially provides the scientific base of a promising drug target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. This review elucidates the classification, composition, and functions of the NLRP inflammasomes. It also explores the underlying mechanisms of NLRP inflammasome activation and its divergent role in neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, drug use disorders, and anxiety. Furthermore, we explore the treatment potential of the NLRP inflammasome inhibitors against these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shen
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Liyin Qian
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Hu Luo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Yuer Ruan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Runyue Fan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
- Ningbo Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315199, China
| | - Zizhen Si
- Department of Physiological Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yunpeng Chen
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Longhui Li
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Physiological Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
- Correspondence:
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Stress level of glucocorticoid exacerbates neuronal damage and Aβ production through activating NLRP1 inflammasome in primary cultured hippocampal neurons of APP-PS1 mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108972. [PMID: 35777263 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC), secreted by adrenal cortex, plays important roles in regulating many physiological functions, while chronic stress level of GC exposure has many adverse effects on the structure and function of hippocampal neurons, and is closely implicated to the deterioration of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play an important role in the occurrence and development of AD. However, it is still unclear whether chronic GC exposure promotes beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and neuronal injury by increasing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic GC exposure on NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasome activation and the protective effects of NLRP1-siRNA against GC-induced neuronal injury in primary hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 mice. The results showed that chronic dexamethasone (DEX, 1 µM) exposure 72 h had no significant effect on the primary hippocampal neurons of WT mice, but significantly increased Aβ1-42 accumulation (2.17 ± 0.19 fold in APP group and 3.06 ± 0.49 fold in APP + DEX group over WT group) and neuronal injury in primary hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 mice. Meanwhile, chronic DEX exposure significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and IL-1β, and significantly up-regulated the expressions of NOX2- and NLRP1-related proteins and mRNAs in primary hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 mice but not in WT mice. Moreover, inhibition of NLRP1 by NLRP1-siRNA treatment also significantly alleviated neuronal injury and Aβ1-42 accumulation (1.96 ± 0.11 fold in APP + DEX group and 0.25 ± 0.01 fold in APP + NLRP1-siRNA + DEX group over APP group), and down-regulated the expressions of APP, BACE1, NCSTN and p-TAU/TAU in chronic DEX-induced hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 mice. The results suggest that chronic GC exposure can accelerate neuronal damage and Aβ production by activating oxidative stress and NLRP1 inflammasome in primary hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 mice, resulting in deterioration of AD.And inhibition of NLRP1 inflammasome may be an important strategy in improving chronic GC-induced neuronal injury.
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10
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Begum R, Thota S, Abdulkadir A, Kaur G, Bagam P, Batra S. NADPH oxidase family proteins: signaling dynamics to disease management. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:660-686. [PMID: 35585127 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are pervasive signaling molecules in biological systems. In humans, a lack of ROS causes chronic and extreme bacterial infections, while uncontrolled release of these factors causes pathologies due to excessive inflammation. Professional phagocytes such as neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages use superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (NOX) as part of their arsenal of antimicrobial mechanisms to produce high levels of ROS. NOX is a multisubunit enzyme complex composed of five essential subunits, two of which are localized in the membrane, while three are localized in the cytosol. In resting phagocytes, the oxidase complex is unassembled and inactive; however, it becomes activated after cytosolic components translocate to the membrane and are assembled into a functional oxidase. The NOX isoforms play a variety of roles in cellular differentiation, development, proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeletal control, migration, and contraction. Recent studies have identified NOX as a major contributor to disease pathologies, resulting in a shift in focus on inhibiting the formation of potentially harmful free radicals. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and the transduction pathways involved in NOX-mediated signaling is essential for the development of new therapeutic agents that minimize the hyperproduction of ROS. The current review provides a thorough overview of the various NOX enzymes and their roles in disease pathophysiology, highlights pharmacological strategies, and discusses the importance of computational modeling for future NOX-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Begum
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Shilpa Thota
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Abubakar Abdulkadir
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Prathyusha Bagam
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.,Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
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SOCE-mediated NFAT1–NOX2–NLRP1 inflammasome involves in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuronal damage and Aβ generation. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3183-3205. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Anwar S, DasGupta D, Shafie A, Alhumaydhi FA, Alsagaby SA, Shahwan M, Anjum F, Al Abdulmonem W, Sharaf SE, Imtaiyaz Hassan M. Implications of tempol in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 targeted anticancer therapeutics: Computational, spectroscopic, and calorimetric studies. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Ding Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, Fang F, Li X, Wang S, Wen J. Hydrogen sulphide protects mice against the mutual aggravation of cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury and colitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174682. [PMID: 34871558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine whether ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice are related. A cerebral I/R model of mice was established by blocking the bilateral common carotid arteries; 3% DSS in drinking water was administered to mice for 7 days to induce colitis; mice with cerebral I/R and colitis were administered DSS for 7 days from the third day onwards after acute cerebral I/R. Brain damage and intestinal inflammation were also tested. The results revealed that cerebral I/R induced brain damage and a marked increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and upregulation of Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase (RhoA/ROCK) pathway in mouse hippocampal tissues. However, in the colon tissues of mice with colitis, we found a reduction in GFAP. In addition, the expression of endogenous hydrogen sulphide (H2S) synthase reduced in mice brain tissues with cerebral I/R injury, as well. as in mouse colon tissues with colitis. Interestingly, the cerebral I/R-induced pathological changes in mouse brain tissues were aggravated by colitis, colitis mediated colon inflammation, and pathological changes in intestinal tissues had deteriorated when the mice suffered cerebral I/R 2 days before DSS administration. However, brain injury and colon inflammation in mice suffering from both cerebral I/R and colitis were ameliorated by NaHS, an exogenous H2S donor. Furthermore, we found that NaHS promoted the transformation of astrocytes from "A1" to "A2" type. These findings reveal that cerebral I/R injury and colitis are related, the mechanism is correlated with endogenous H2S deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Sun D, Gao G, Zhong B, Zhang H, Ding S, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Li W. NLRP1 inflammasome involves in learning and memory impairments and neuronal damages during aging process in mice. Behav Brain Funct 2021; 17:11. [PMID: 34920732 PMCID: PMC8680336 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain aging is an important risk factor in many human diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) and the maturation of inflammatory cytokines caused by activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome play central roles in promoting brain aging. However, it is still unclear when and how the neuroinflammation appears in the brain during aging process. Methods In this study, we observed the alterations of learning and memory impairments, neuronal damage, NLRP1 inflammasome activation, ROS production and NOX2 expression in the young 6-month-old (6 M) mice, presenile 16 M mice, and older 20 M and 24 M mice. Results The results indicated that, compared to 6 M mice, the locomotor activity, learning and memory abilities were slightly decreased in 16 M mice, and were significantly decreased in 20 M and 24 M mice, especially in the 24 M mice. The pathological results also showed that there were no significant neuronal damages in 6 M and 16 M mice, while there were obvious neuronal damages in 20 M and 24 M mice, especially in the 24 M group. Consistent with the behavioral and histological changes in the older mice, the activity of β-galactosidase (β-gal), the levels of ROS and IL-1β, and the expressions of NLRP1, ASC, caspase-1, NOX2, p47phox and p22phox were significantly increased in the cortex and hippocampus in the older 20 M and 24 M mice. Conclusion Our study suggested that NLRP1 inflammasome activation may be closely involved in aging-related neuronal damage and may be an important target for preventing brain aging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12993-021-00185-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, 199 Shixin South Road, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guofang Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, 199 Shixin South Road, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bihua Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, 199 Shixin South Road, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shixin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenghao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, 199 Shixin South Road, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Dong X, Li L, Zhang D, Su Y, Yang L, Li X, Han Y, Li W, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates LPS-induced cognitive impairments and neuroinflammation by inhibiting NOX2 and Ca2+–CN–NFAT1 signaling in mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Fang J, Sheng R, Qin ZH. NADPH Oxidases in the Central Nervous System: Regional and Cellular Localization and the Possible Link to Brain Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:951-973. [PMID: 34293949 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The significant role of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) in signal transduction is mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially in the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of some neurologic and psychiatric diseases is regulated by ROS, acting as a second messenger or pathogen. Recent Advances: In the CNS, the involvement of Nox-derived ROS has been implicated in the regulation of multiple signals, including cell survival/apoptosis, neuroinflammation, migration, differentiation, proliferation, and synaptic plasticity, as well as the integrity of the blood/brain barrier. In these processes, the intracellular signals mediated by the members of the Nox family vary among different tissues. The present review illuminates the regions and cellular, subcellular localization of Nox isoforms in the brain, the signal transduction, and the role of NOX enzymes in pathophysiology, respectively. Critical Issues: Different signal transduction cascades are coupled to ROS derived from various Nox homologues with varying degrees. Therefore, a critical issue worth noting is the varied role of the homologues of NOX enzymes in different signaling pathways and also they mediate different phenotypes in the diverse pathophysiological condition. This substantiates the effectiveness of selective Nox inhibitors in the CNS. Future Directions: Further investigation to elucidate the role of various homologues of NOX enzymes in acute and chronic brain diseases and signaling mechanisms, and the development of more specific NOX inhibitors for the treatment of CNS disease are urgently needed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 951-973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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17
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Taylor JP, Tse HM. The role of NADPH oxidases in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102159. [PMID: 34627721 PMCID: PMC8487856 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that generate superoxide or hydrogen peroxide from molecular oxygen utilizing NADPH as an electron donor. There are seven enzymes in the NOX family: NOX1-5 and dual oxidase (DUOX) 1-2. NOX enzymes in humans play important roles in diverse biological functions and vary in expression from tissue to tissue. Importantly, NOX2 is involved in regulating many aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, including regulation of type I interferons, the inflammasome, phagocytosis, antigen processing and presentation, and cell signaling. DUOX1 and DUOX2 play important roles in innate immune defenses at epithelial barriers. This review discusses the role of NOX enzymes in normal physiological processes as well as in disease. NOX enzymes are important in autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and have also been implicated in acute lung injury caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Targeting NOX enzymes directly or through scavenging free radicals may be useful therapies for autoimmunity and acute lung injury where oxidative stress contributes to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared P Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Han Y, Li X, Yang L, Zhang D, Li L, Dong X, Li Y, Qun S, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury due to inhibition of NOX2-mediated calcium homeostasis dysregulation in mice. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:515-525. [PMID: 35818419 PMCID: PMC9270650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease is increasing in recent years and has been one of the leading causes of neurological dysfunction and death. Ginsenoside Rg1 has been found to protect against neuronal damage in many neurodegenerative diseases. However, the effect and mechanism by which Rg1 protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) are not fully understood. Here, we report the neuroprotective effects of Rg1 treatment on CIRI and its possible mechanisms in mice. Methods A bilateral common carotid artery ligation was used to establish a chronic CIRI model in mice. HT22 cells were treated with Rg1 after OGD/R to study its effect on [Ca2+]i. The open-field test and pole-climbing experiment were used to detect behavioral injury. The laser speckle blood flowmeter was used to measure brain blood flow. The Nissl and H&E staining were used to examine the neuronal damage. The Western blotting was used to examine MAP2, PSD95, Tau, p-Tau, NOX2, PLC, p-PLC, CN, NFAT1, and NLRP1 expression. Calcium imaging was used to test the level of [Ca2+]i. Results Rg1 treatment significantly improved cerebral blood flow, locomotion, and limb coordination, reduced ROS production, increased MAP2 and PSD95 expression, and decreased p-Tau, NOX2, p-PLC, CN, NFAT1, and NLRP1 expression. Calcium imaging results showed that Rg1 could inhibit calcium overload and resist the imbalance of calcium homeostasis after OGD/R in HT22 cells. Conclusion Rg1 plays a neuroprotective role in attenuating CIRI by inhibiting oxidative stress, calcium overload, and neuroinflammation. Rg1 ameliorates I/R-induced motor dysfunction and neuronal damage in mice. Rg1 decreases NOX2 expression and ROS accumulation in cerebral I/R mice. Rg1 inhibits calcium overload and CN-NFAT1 signaling in cerebral I/R mice. Rg1 down-regulates NLRP1 inflammasome in cerebral I/R mice.
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Zhang Y, Li K, Wang X, Ding Y, Ren Z, Fang J, Sun T, Guo Y, Chen Z, Wen J. CSE-Derived H 2S Inhibits Reactive Astrocytes Proliferation and Promotes Neural Functional Recovery after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice Via Inhibition of RhoA/ROCK 2 Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2580-2590. [PMID: 34252278 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE)-derived hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the reactive proliferation of astrocytes and neural functional recovery over 30 d after acute cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) was determined by applying wild-type (WT) and CSE knockout (KO) mice. The changes of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in hippocampal tissues was tested. Besides, we assessed the changes of mice spatial learning memory ability, neuronal damage, RhoA, Rho kinase 2 (ROCK2), and myelin basic protein (MBP) expressions in hippocampal tissues. The results revealed that cerebral I/R resulted in obvious increase of GFAP expression in hippocampal tissues. Besides, we found the neuronal damage, learning, and memory deficits of mice induced by cerebral I/R as well as revealed the upregulation of RhoA and ROCK2 expressions and reduced MBP expression in hipppcampal tissues of mice following cerebral I/R. Not surprisingly, the GFAP expression and cerebral injury as well as the upregulation of the RhoA/ROCK2 pathway were more remarkable in CSE KO mice, compared with those in WT mice over 30 d following acute cerebral I/R, which could be blocked by NaHS treatment, a donor of exogenous H2S. In addition, the ROCK inhibitor Fasudil also inhibited the reactive proliferation of astrocytes and ameliorated the recovery of neuronal function over 30 d after cerebral I/R. For the purpose of further confirmation of the role of H2S on the astrocytes proliferation following cerebral I/R, the immunofluorescence double staining: bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and GFAP was evaluated. There was a marked upregulation of BrdU-labeled cells coexpressed with GFAP in hippocampal tissues at 30 d after acute cerebral I/R; however, the increment of astrocytes proliferation could be ameliorated by both NaHS and Fasudil. These findings indicated that CSE-derived H2S could inhibit the reactive proliferation of astrocytes and promote the recovery of mice neural functional deficits induced by a cerebral I/R injury via inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK2 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiangyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yanyu Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhiruo Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jinglong Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Zhang Y, Ding S, Chen Y, Sun Z, Zhang J, Han Y, Dong X, Fang Z, Li W. Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasomes in HT22 cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:782. [PMID: 34055081 PMCID: PMC8145787 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a toxic component of cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria that are widely present in gastrointestinal tracts. Increasing evidence showed that LPS plays important roles in the pathogeneses of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). NADPH oxidase s2 (NOX2) is a complex membrane protein that contributes to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in several neurological diseases. The NLRP1 inflammasome can be activated in response to an accumulation of ROS in neurons. However, it is still unknown whether LPS exposure can deteriorate neuronal damage by activating NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasomes. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has protective effects on neurons, although whether Rg1 alleviates LPS-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasomes remains unclear. In the present study, the effect of concentration gradients and different times of LPS exposure on neuronal damage was investigated in HT22 cells, and further observed the effect of Rg1 treatment on NOX2-NLPR1 inflammasome activation, ROS production and neuronal damage in LPS-treated HT22 cells. The results demonstrated that LPS exposure significantly induced NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasome activation, excessive production of ROS, and neuronal damage in HT22 cells. It was also shown that Rg1 treatment significantly decreased NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasome activation and ROS production and alleviated neuronal damage in LPS-induced HT22 cells. The present data suggested that Rg1 has protective effects on LPS-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting NOX2-NLRP1 inflammasomes in HT22 cells, and Rg1 may be a potential therapeutic approach for delaying neuronal damage in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Shixin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yali Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xianan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhirui Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Ye S, Xu P, Huang M, Chen X, Zeng S, Wang Q, Chen J, Li K, Gao W, Liu R, Liu J, Shao Y, Zhang H, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Zhong Z, Wei Z, Wang J, Hao B, Huang W, Liu Q. The heterocyclic compound Tempol inhibits the growth of cancer cells by interfering with glutamine metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:312. [PMID: 32366855 PMCID: PMC7198543 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, TPL), a nitroxide compound, inhibits proliferation and increases the vulnerability of cancer cells to apoptosis induced by cytotoxic agents. However, the molecular mechanism of TPL inhibiting cancer cell proliferation has not been fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the metabolic effect of TPL on cancer cells and explored its cancer therapeutic potential. Extracellular flow assays showed that TPL inhibited cellular basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates of mitochondrial. 13C metabolic flux analysis showed that TPL treatment had minimal effect on glycolysis. However, we found that TPL inhibits glutamine metabolism by interfering with the oxidative tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) process and reductive glutamine process. We found that the inhibitory effect of TPL on metabolism occurs mainly on the step from citrate to α-ketoglutarate or vice versa. We also found that activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase IDH1 and IDH2, the key enzymes in TCA, were inhibited by TPL treatment. In xenograft mouse model, TPL treatment reduced tumor growth by inhibiting cellular proliferation of xenograft tumors. Thus, we provided a mechanism of TPL inhibiting cancer cell proliferation by interfering with glutamine utilization that is important for survival and proliferation of cancer cells. The study may help the development of a therapeutic strategy of TPL combined with other anticancer medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Ye
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqiu Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianli Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keyi Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihao Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianbing Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Zhong
- Guangzhou Hospital of integrated Traditional and West Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zibo Wei
- Center for medical transformation, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Center for medical transformation, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Bingtao Hao
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wenhua Huang
- National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiuzhen Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Center for medical transformation, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.
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Tupik JD, Nagai-Singer MA, Allen IC. To protect or adversely affect? The dichotomous role of the NLRP1 inflammasome in human disease. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 76:100858. [PMID: 32359693 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NLRP1 is an inflammasome forming pattern recognition receptor (PRR). When activated by pathogen- and damage- associated molecular patterns (PAMPS/DAMPS), NLRP1 inflammasome formation leads to inflammation through the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β. As with other inflammasome forming NLR family members, NLRP1 also regulates cell death processes, termed pyroptosis. The domain structure of NLRP1 differs between mice and humans, making it possible for the function of the inflammasome to differ between species and adds complexity to the study of this NLR family member. In humans, mutations in both coding and non-coding regions of the NLRP1 gene are linked to a variety of diseases. Likewise, interruption of NLRP1 inhibitors or changes in the prevalence of NLRP1 activators can also impact disease pathobiology. Adding to its complexity, the NLRP1 inflammasome plays a dichotomous role in human diseases, functioning to either attenuate or augment miscellaneous biological processes in a tissue specific manner. For example, NLRP1 plays a protective role in the gastrointestinal tract by modulating the microbiome composition; however, it augments neurological disorders, cardio-pulmonary diseases, and cancer through promoting inflammation. Thus, it is critical that the role of NLRP1 in each of these disease processes be robustly defined. In this review, we summarize the current research landscape to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with NLRP1 function and dysfunction in human disease pathobiology. We propose that a better understanding of these mechanisms will ultimately result in improved insight into immune system dysfunction and therapeutic strategies targeting inflammasome function in multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juselyn D Tupik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Margaret A Nagai-Singer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Irving C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA.
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23
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Kračun D, Klop M, Knirsch A, Petry A, Kanchev I, Chalupsky K, Wolf CM, Görlach A. NADPH oxidases and HIF1 promote cardiac dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in response to glucocorticoid excess. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101536. [PMID: 32413743 PMCID: PMC7226895 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular side effects are frequent problems accompanying systemic glucocorticoid therapy, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully resolved. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to promote various cardiovascular diseases although the link between glucocorticoid and ROS signaling has been controversial. As the family of NADPH oxidases has been identified as important source of ROS in the cardiovascular system we investigated the role of NADPH oxidases in response to the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone in the cardiovascular system in vitro and in vivo in mice lacking functional NADPH oxidases due to a mutation in the gene coding for the essential NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox. We show that dexamethasone induced NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation, leading to vascular proliferation and angiogenesis due to activation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1). Chronic treatment of mice with low doses of dexamethasone resulted in the development of systemic hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular dysfunction, as well as in pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling. In contrast, mice deficient in p22phox-dependent NADPH oxidases were protected against these cardiovascular side effects. Mechanistically, dexamethasone failed to upregulate HIF1α levels in these mice, while vascular HIF1α deficiency prevented pulmonary vascular remodeling. Thus, p22phox-dependent NADPH oxidases and activation of the HIF pathway are critical elements in dexamethasone-induced cardiovascular pathologies and might provide interesting targets to limit cardiovascular side effects in patients on chronic glucocorticoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Kračun
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Mathieu Klop
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Anna Knirsch
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Andreas Petry
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Ivan Kanchev
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Karel Chalupsky
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany; Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cordula M Wolf
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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24
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Ye S, Zeng S, Huang M, Chen J, Chen X, Xu P, Wang Q, Gao W, Yang B, Hao B, Huang W, Liu Q. [Effect of the chemoprotectant tempol on anti-tumor activity of cisplatin]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:883-890. [PMID: 31511206 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.08.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of the chemoprotectant tempol on the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin (DDP). METHODS The cellular toxicity of tempol in human colon cancer SW480 cells and mouse colon cancer CT26 cells were evaluated using MTT and cell counting kit-8 assays. CalcuSyn software analysis was used to determine the interaction between tempol and DDP in inhibition of the cell viability. A subcutaneous homograft mouse model of colon cancer was established. The mice were randomly divided into control group, tempol group, cisplatin group and tempol + DDP treatment group with intraperitoneal injections of the indicated agents. The tumor size, body weight and lifespan of the mice were measured, and HE staining was used to analyze the cytotoxic effect of the agents on the kidney and liver. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of Bax and Bcl2 in the tumor tissue, and TUNEL staining was used to analyze the tumor cell apoptosis. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumor tissue was determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS Tempol showed inhibitory effects on the viability of SW480 and CT26 cells. CalcuSyn software analysis showed that tempol had a synergistic anti-tumor effect with DDP (CI < 1). In the homograft mouse model, tempol treatment alone did not produce obvious anti-tumor effect. HE staining showed that the combined use of tempol and DDP alleviated DDP-induced fibrogenesis in the kidneys, but tempol also reduced the anti-tumor activity of DDP. Compared with the mice treated with DDP alone, the mice treated with both tempol and DDP had a significantly larger tumor size (P < 0.01) and a shorter lifespan (P < 0.05). Tempol significantly reversed DDP-induced expression of Bax and Bcl2 in the tumor tissue and tumor cell apoptosis (P < 0.001), and obviously reduced the elevation of ROS level in the tumor tissue induced by DDP treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Tempol can attenuate the anti-tumor effect of DDP while reducing the side effects of DDP. Caution must be taken and the risks and benefits should be carefully weighed when considering the use of tempol as an anti-oxidant to reduce the toxicities of DDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Ye
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sisi Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengqiu Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qianli Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bingsheng Yang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Bingtao Hao
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenhuan Huang
- National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524003, China
| | - Qiuzhen Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Center for Medical Transformation, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China
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