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Kuang Z, Guo K, Cao Y, Jiang M, Wang C, Wu Q, Hu G, Ao M, Huang M, Qin J, Zhao T, Lu S, Sun C, Li M, Wu T, Liu W, Fang M. The novel CDK9 inhibitor, XPW1, alone and in combination with BRD4 inhibitor JQ1, for the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1915-1929. [PMID: 37884683 PMCID: PMC10703862 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly lethal malignancy with few therapeutic options. Cyclin‑dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), a potential therapeutic target of many cancers, has been recently observed to be upregulated in ccRCC patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of CDK9 in ccRCC and develop a novel CDK9 inhibitor with low toxicity for ccRCC treatment. METHODS The expression of CDK9 in ccRCC was checked using the online database and tissue microarray analysis. shRNA-mediated CDK9 knockdown and CDK inhibitor were applied to evaluate the effect of CDK9 on ccRCC. Medicinal chemistry methods were used to develop a new CDK9 inhibitor with drugability. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq experiments were conducted to explore the mechanism of action. MTS, western blotting, and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate the anti-ccRCC effects of CDK9 knockdown and inhibition in vitro. The in vivo anti-tumour efficacy was evaluated in a xenograft model. RESULTS CDK9 is overexpressed and associated with poor survival in ccRCC. Knockdown or inhibition of CDK9 significantly suppressed ccRCC cells. XPW1 was identified as a new potent and selective CDK9 inhibitor with excellent anti-ccRCC activity and low toxicity. In mechanism, XPW1 transcriptionally inhibited DNA repair programmes in ccRCC cells, resulting in an excellent anti-tumour effect. CDK9 and BRD4 were two highly correlated transcriptional regulators in ccRCC patients, and the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 enhanced XPW1's anti-ccRCC effects in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This work provides valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of CDK9 in ccRCC. The CDK9 inhibitor XPW1 would be a novel therapeutic agent for targeting ccRCC, alone or in rational combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Kuang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Kaiqiang Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
- College of Arts, Sichuan University, 610207, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengxue Jiang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
- Jiangxi Cancer Hospital (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical Colloge), 519 East Beijing Rd, 330029, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiaoqiong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Guosheng Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingtao Ao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingfeng Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingbo Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Taige Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Cuiling Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China.
| | - Meijuan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China.
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Zou X, Liu C, Wu X, Yuan Z, Yan F. Changes in N6-methyladenosine RNA methylomes of human periodontal ligament cells in response to inflammatory conditions. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:444-455. [PMID: 36733232 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in the m6A methylation modification profile of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in response to inflammatory conditions. BACKGROUND Periodontitis is an infectious disease of the periodontal support tissue that leads to the loss of alveolar bone. HPDLCs are primary cells that can repair periodontal tissue defects caused by periodontitis. However, the inflammatory conditions induce inflammatory damage and decrease ossification of hPDLCs. This inflammatory response depends on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, including m6A methylation. METHODS HPDLCs were cultured with osteogenic induction medium (NC group), while TNF-α (10 ng/mL) and IL-1β (5 ng/mL) were added to simulate inflammatory conditions (Inflam group). Then RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq analyses were performed to identify m6A methylation modification in the transcriptome range of hPDLCs. RESULTS The results showed that the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs was inhibited under inflammatory conditions. RNA-seq analysis also revealed that the decreased genes in response to inflammatory conditions were primarily annotated in processes associated with ossification. Compared with the NC group, differentially m6A-methylated genes were primarily enriched in histone modification processes. Among 145 histone modification genes, 25 genes have been reported to be involved in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation, and they include KAT6B, EP300, BMI1, and KDMs (KDM1A, KDM2A, KDM3A, KDM4B, and KDM5A). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the m6A landscape of hPDLCs was changed in response to inflammation. M6A methylation differences among histone modification genes may act on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zou
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyi Liu
- Hangzhou Stomatological Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyao Yuan
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Novel CDK9 inhibitor oroxylin A promotes wild-type P53 stability and prevents hepatocellular carcinoma progression by disrupting both MDM2 and SIRT1 signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1033-1045. [PMID: 34188177 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal tumours worldwide. However, the effects of first-line sorafenib treatment in advanced HCC fail to prolong patients' survival due to the highly heterogeneous characteristics of HCC etiology. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is an important target in the continuous development of cancer therapy. Here, we demonstrate that CDK9 is closely associated with the progression of HCC and can serve as an HCC therapeutic target by modulating the recovery of wild-type p53 (wt-p53) function. We prove that mouse double minute 2 homologue (MDM2) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) are phosphorylated by CDK9 at Ser166 and Ser47, respectively. Inhibition of CDK9 not only reduces the MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of wt-p53 but also increases wt-p53 stability by suppressing deacetylase activity of SIRT1. Thus, inhibition of CDK9 promotes the wt-p53 stabilization and prevents HCC progression. However, excessive inhibition by high concentrations of specific CDK9 inhibitors counteracts the promotion of p53 stability and reduces their anti-HCC activity because of extreme general transcription repression. The effects of a novel CDK9 inhibitor named oroxylin A (OA) from Scutellaria baicalensis are explored, with the results indicating that OA shows moderate and controlled inhibition of CDK9 activity and expression, and stabilizes wt-p53 by inhibiting CDK9-regulated MDM2 and SIRT1 signaling. These outcomes indicate the high therapeutic potential of OA against HCC and its low toxicity in normal tissue. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism for the regulation of wt-p53 by CDK9 and indicates that OA is a potential candidate for HCC therapy.
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Huang S, Luo W, Wu G, Shen Q, Zhuang Z, Yang D, Qian J, Hu X, Cai Y, Chattipakorn N, Huang W, Liang G. Inhibition of CDK9 attenuates atherosclerosis by inhibiting inflammation and phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14892-14909. [PMID: 34102609 PMCID: PMC8221363 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have demonstrated a key role of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Cyclin-dependent kinases 9 (CDK9), a potential biomarker of atherosclerosis, was significantly increased in coronary artery disease patient serum and played an important role in inflammatory diseases. This study was to explore the pharmacological role of CDK9 inhibition in attenuating atherosclerosis. Methods: A small-molecule CDK9 inhibitor, LDC000067, was utilized to treat the high fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE-/- mice and human VSMCs. Results: The results showed that inflammation and phenotypic switching of VSMCs were observed in HFD-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, which were accompanied with increased CDK9 in the serum and atherosclerotic lesions where it colocalized with VSMCs. LDC000067 treatment significantly suppressed HFD-induced inflammation, proliferation and phenotypic switching of VSMCs, resulting in reduced atherosclerosis in the ApoE-/- mice, while had no effect on plasma lipids. Further in vitro studies confirmed that LDC000067 and siRNA-mediated CDK9 knockdown reversed ox-LDL-induced inflammation and phenotypic switching of VSMCs from a contractile phenotype to a synthetic phenotype via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway in human VSMCs. Conclusion: These results indicate that inhibition of CDK9 may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushi Huang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qirui Shen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zaishou Zhuang
- Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Daona Yang
- Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jinfu Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cangnan, Zhejiang 325000, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
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Yang X, Luo W, Li L, Hu X, Xu M, Wang Y, Feng J, Qian J, Guan X, Zhao Y, Liang G. CDK9 inhibition improves diabetic nephropathy by reducing inflammation in the kidneys. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 416:115465. [PMID: 33631230 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic inflammatory renal disease induced by hyperglycemia. Recent studies have implicated cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) in inflammatory responses and renal fibrosis. In this study, we explored a potential role of CDK9 in DN by using cultured mouse mesangial cell line SV40 MES-13 and streptozotocin-induced type 1 mouse model of diabetes. We inhibited CDK9 in mice and in cultured cells by a highly selective CDK9 inhibitor, LDC000067 (LDC), and evaluated inflammatory and fibrogenic outcome by mRNA and protein analyses. Our studies show that treatment of diabetic mice with LDC significantly inhibits the levels of inflammatory cytokines and fibrogenic genes in kidney specimens. These reductions were associated with improved renal function. We also found that LDC treatment suppressed MAPK-AP1 activation. We then confirmed the involvement of CDK9 in cultured SV40 MES-13 cells and showed that deficiency in CDK9 prevents glucose-induced inflammatory and fibrogenic proteins. This protection was also afforded by suppression of MAPK-AP1. Taken together, our results how that hyperglycemia activates CDK9-MAPK-AP1 axis in kidneys to induce inflammation and fibrosis, leading to renal dysfunction. Our findings also suggest that CDK9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianpeng Feng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianchang Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinfu Guan
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Xue S, Zhou X, Sang W, Wang C, Lu H, Xu Y, Zhong Y, Zhu L, He C, Ma J. Cartilage-targeting peptide-modified dual-drug delivery nanoplatform with NIR laser response for osteoarthritis therapy. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2372-2389. [PMID: 33553822 PMCID: PMC7844135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage-targeting delivery of therapeutic agents is still an effective strategy for osteoarthritis (OA) therapy. Recently, scavenging for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating autophagy have been increasingly reported to treat OA effectively. In this study, we designed, for the first time, a dual-drug delivery system based on metal organic framework (MOF)-decorated mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) which composed of rapamycin (Rap) loaded into the mesopores and bilirubin (Br) loaded onto the shell of MOF. The collagen II-targeting peptide (WYRGRL) was then conjugated on the surface of above nanocarrier to develop a cartilage-targeting dual-drug delivery nanoplatform (RB@MPMW). Our results indicated the sequential release of two agents from RB@MPMW could be achieved via near-infrared (NIR) laser irritation. Briefly, the rapid release of Br from the MOF shell exhibited excellent ROS scavenging ability and anti-apoptosis effects, however responsively reduced autophagy activity, to a certain extent. Meanwhile, following the NIR irradiation, Rap was rapidly released from MPDA core and further enhanced autophagy activation and chondrocyte protection. RB@MPMW continuously phosphorylated AMPK and further rescued mitochondrial energy metabolism of chondrocytes following IL-1β stimulation via activating SIRT1-PGC-1α signaling pathway. Additionally, the cartilage-targeting property of peptide-modified nanocarrier could be monitored via Magnetic Resonance (MR) and IVIS imaging. More significantly, RB@MPMW effectively delayed cartilage degeneration in ACLT rat model. Overall, our findings indicated that the as-prepared dual-drug delivery nanoplatform exerted potent anti-inflammation and anti-apoptotic effects, rescued energy metabolism of chondrocytes in vitro and prevented cartilage degeneration in vivo, which thereby showed positive performance for OA therapy. Collagen type II-targeting peptide and positive surface potential endow RB@MPMW with a fine cartilage affinity ability. RB@MPMW possess superb biological functions of scavenging free radicals and autophagy induction. RB@MPMW effectively promotes chondrocyte mitochondrial energy metabolism in the inflammatory microenvironment. RB@MPMW has a good MR imaging ability, which could monitor its therapeutic effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Weilin Sang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Haiming Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Libo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Chuanglong He
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jinzhong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
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Transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases as the mediators of inflammation-a review. Gene 2020; 769:145200. [PMID: 33031895 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) belong to the serine/threonine kinase family, and their unique interactions with a variety of cyclin complexes influence its catalytic activity to ensure unimpaired cell cycle progression. In addition to their cell cycle regulatory roles, it is becoming increasingly clear that the CDKs can have multiple functional roles like transcription, epigenetic regulation, metabolism, stem cell self-renewal, neuronal functions, and in spermatogenesis. Further in addition, recent reports suggest that CDKs have a remarkable regulatory role in influencing the pro-inflammatory functions of various cytokines during the clinical inflammatory responses. CDKs initiate the inflammatory responses by triggering the activity of prominent pro-inflammatory transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and activator protein 1 (AP-1). The transcriptional CDKs (tCDKs) is crucial for organizing various transcription events and associated processes such as RNA capping, splicing, 3' end formation, and chromatin remodeling. Although the in-depth mechanism of certain mammalian CDKs is explored with respect to inflammation, the role of other tCDKs or any synergistic play among the members still remains unexplored. Until today, there is only supportive and palliative care available most of the inflammatory disorders, and thus it is the right time to explore novel pharmacological targets. In this regard, we focus on the pathophysiological role of CDK7, CDK8 and CDK9 and their impact on the development of inflammatory disorders within the mammals. Additionally, we discuss the potential trends of having tCDKs as a therapeutic target for fine-tuning inflammatory disorders.
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Kang K, Xu P, Wang M, Chunyu J, Sun X, Ren G, Xiao W, Li D. FGF21 attenuates neurodegeneration through modulating neuroinflammation and oxidant-stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110439. [PMID: 32768941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that FGF21 has ability to repair nerve injury, but the specific mechanism is less studied. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of FGF21 on neurodegeneration changes in aging and diabetic mice and its mechanism. The diabetic and aging mice were used to study the effects of FGF21 on neurodegeneration and possible mechanisms. These mice were administrated with PBS, FGF21 or metformin once daily for 4 or 6 months, then the mechanism was studied in SH-SY5Y cells. The relevant gene expression for neurodegeneration was assessed by Quantitative Real Time-PCR, Western blot, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry and ELISA. The Western blot results of NeuN showed that FGF21 inhibited the loss of neurons in diabetic and aging mice. H&E staining results showed that the karyopyknosis and tissue edema around dentate gyrus and Cornu Amonis 3 (CA3) area of hippocampus were also inhibited by FGF21 in aging and diabetes mice. In vivo results revealed that administration of FGF21 suppressed the aggregation of tau and β-amyloid1-42 in the brains of diabetic and aging mice. The aggregation resulted in apoptosis of neurons. Meanwhile, FGF21 significantly reduced the expression of Iba1, NF-κB, IL6 and IL8 (p < 0.05) and enhanced anti-oxidant enzymes (p < 0.05) in aging and diabetic mice. In addition, the phosphorylation of AKT and AMPKα were increased by FGF21 treatment. In vitro experiment showed that the aggregation of tau and β-amyloid1-42 wereincreased by LPS in SH-SY5Y cells, and FGF21 inhibited the aggregation through inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and promoting the phosphorylation of AKT and AMPKα. In conclusion, FGF21 attenuates neurodegeneration by reducing neuroinflammation and oxidant stress through regulating the NF-κB pathway and AMPKα/AKT pathway, which enhances the protective effect on mitochondria in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Pengfei Xu
- National Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Xinke College of Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Jian Chunyu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xu Sun
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Guiping Ren
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu, Lianyungang, China.
| | - Deshan Li
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Shao Q, Xue S, Jiang Y, Lu H, Sang W, Wang C, Xue B, Liu Y, Zhu L, Ma J. Esculentoside A protects against osteoarthritis by ameliorating inflammation and repressing osteoclastogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106376. [PMID: 32163857 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a relatively common disorder of articular deterioration related to cartilage damage, subchondral bone remodelling, inflammation and metabolism. Agents that can inhibit cartilage degradation and osteoclastogenesis are required for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. Esculentoside A, the highest concentration triterpene saponin isolated from the root of Phytolacca esculenta, has commonly been used for the treatment of chronic bronchitis. However, the role esculentoside A plays in ameliorating osteoarthritis has not been reported. We found that esculentoside A suppresses the expression of IL-1β-induced inflammatory and metabolic factors (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MMP2, MMP3 and MMP13). In addition, esculentoside A restrains osteoclast formation by inhibiting the marker gene expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos. Our results indicate that esculentoside A markedly suppresses IL-1β-induced NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathway activation in chondrocytes, and inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast precursor generation. Finally, treatment with esculentoside A inhibits the progressive cartilage degeneration and osteoclastogenesis in osteoarthritis mouse models. In summary, these results demonstrate that esculentoside A could be a latent therapeutic reagent for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yafei Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Haiming Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Weilin Sang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Bao Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Libo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jinzhong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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