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Chu Y, He X, Xue Y, Jiang H, Zhu C, Qi C, Zhang X, Chen D, Dai H, Xian Q, Zhu W. An exploratory clinical study of β-glucan combined with camrelizumab and SOX chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1448485. [PMID: 39253086 PMCID: PMC11381272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1448485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background β-glucan has been reported to be a potential natural immune modulator for tumor growth inhibition. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of β-glucan plus immunotherapy and chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods This is a phase IB, prospective, single-arm, investigator-initiated trail. Advanced gastric adenocarcinoma patients received β-glucan, camrelizumab, oxaliplatin, oral S-1 every 3 weeks. The curative effect was evaluated every 2 cycles. The primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and safety, with secondary endpoints were median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS). The exploratory endpoint explored biomarkers of response to treatment efficacy. Results A total of 30 patients had been enrolled, including 20 (66.7%) males and all patients with an ECOG PS score of ≥1. The ORR was 60%, the mPFS was 10.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.52-11.27), the mOS was 14.0 months (95% CI, 11.09-16.91). A total of 19 patients (63.3%) had TRAEs, with 9 patients (30%) with grade ≥ 3. The most common TRAEs were nausea (53.3%). After 2 cycles of treatment, the levels of IL-2, IFN-γ and CD4+ T cells significantly increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, biomarker analysis indicated that patient with better response and longer OS exhibited lower GZMA expression at baseline serum. Conclusions This preliminary study demonstrates that β-glucan plus camrelizumab and SOX chemotherapy offers favorable efficacy and a manageable safety profile in patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma, and further studies are needed to verify its efficacy and safety. Clinical Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ChiCTR2100044088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Chu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xuan He
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Xue
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chan Zhu
- Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., The State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., The State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., The State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanjue Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qingying Xian
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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2
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Honkanen M, Narvi E, Ojala VK, Jokilammi A, Rantakari P, Kronqvist P, Kähäri VM, Veräjänkorva E, Kurppa KJ, Rahkila J, Ekambaram R, Savolainen J, Leino R, Elenius K. Immunomodulatory Synthetic Glycocluster Molecule Prevents Melanoma Growth In Vivo. Chembiochem 2024:e202400264. [PMID: 38864514 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Triacedimannose (TADM) is a synthetic trivalent acetylated glycocluster and a transmembrane macrophage activator independent of the mannose receptor. TADM induces Th1-type immune responses and suppresses Th2-type cytokines in acute and chronic allergic inflammation models in vivo. We, therefore, wanted to test whether TADM could also facilitate anti-tumour tissue responses similar to what has been observed for the immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4. A syngeneic mouse melanoma model was selected since metastatic melanoma has been successfully targeted by checkpoint inhibitors in the clinic. TADM inhibited the growth of B16 mouse melanoma tumours at levels comparable to an anti-PD-1 antibody. TADM-treated tumours encompassed significantly more apoptotic cells as measured by TUNEL staining, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) expression was increased in the spleens of TADM-treated mice compared to untreated controls. TADM-treated mice also demonstrated increased Ly6 C low monocytes and neutrophils in the spleens. However, TADM-treated tumours showed no discernible differences in infiltrating immune cells. TADM can alone suppress the growth of melanoma tumours. TADM likely activates M1 type macrophages, type N1 neutrophils, and CD8+ and Th1 T cells, suppressing the type 2 immune response milieu of melanoma tumour with a strong type 1 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meija Honkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
- Turku Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elli Narvi
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
| | - Veera K Ojala
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
- Turku Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Jokilammi
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Rantakari
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Pauliina Kronqvist
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland
- FICANWest Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Esko Veräjänkorva
- Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari J Kurppa
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Rahkila
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, Finland
| | - Ramesh Ekambaram
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, Finland
| | - Johannes Savolainen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Institute of Biomedicine and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, Turku, Finland
- Department of Oncology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, Finland
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3
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Al-Hawary SIS, Jasim SA, Hjazi A, Oghenemaro EF, Kaur I, Kumar A, Al-Ani AM, Alwaily ER, Redhee AH, Mustafa YF. Nucleic acid-based vaccine for ovarian cancer cells; bench to bedside. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3978. [PMID: 38515237 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer continues to be a difficult medical issue that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Important platforms for cancer immunotherapy include checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, bispecific antibodies, cancer vaccines, and other cell-based treatments. To avoid numerous infectious illnesses, conventional vaccinations based on synthetic peptides, recombinant subunit vaccines, and live attenuated and inactivated pathogens are frequently utilized. Vaccine manufacturing processes, however, are not entirely safe and carry a significant danger of contaminating living microorganisms. As a result, the creation of substitute vaccinations is required for both viral and noninfectious illnesses, including cancer. Recently, there has been testing of nucleic acid vaccines, or NAVs, as a cancer therapeutic. Tumor antigens (TAs) are genetically encoded by DNA and mRNA vaccines, which the host uses to trigger immune responses against ovarian cancer cells that exhibit the TAs. Despite being straightforward, safe, and easy to produce, NAVs are not currently thought to be an ideal replacement for peptide vaccines. Some obstacles to this strategy include selecting the appropriate therapeutic agents (TAs), inadequate immunogenicity, and the immunosuppressive characteristic of ovarian cancer. We focus on strategies that have been employed to increase NAVs' effectiveness in the fight against ovarian cancer in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Anbar, Iraq
- Biotechnology Department, College of Applied Science, Fallujah University, Fallujah, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enwa Felix Oghenemaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Irwanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after The First President of Russia, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Huseen Redhee
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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4
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Relationship of FDG Uptake of the Reticuloendothelial System with Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030771. [PMID: 36983926 PMCID: PMC10053773 DOI: 10.3390/life13030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) uptake of the reticuloendothelial system, including the bone marrow (BM) and spleen, on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been shown to be a significant prognostic factor in diverse malignancies. However, the relationship between FDG uptake of the BM and spleen and histopathological findings, including the tumor immune microenvironment, has not been fully evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of FDG uptake in the BM and spleen with histopathological findings and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with gastric cancer. Seventy patients with gastric cancer who underwent pre-operative FDG PET/CT and subsequent curative surgery were retrospectively enrolled. On image analysis, the BM-to-liver uptake ratio (BLR) and spleen-to-liver uptake ratio (SLR) were measured from PET/CT images, and on immunohistochemical analysis, the densities of immune cell infiltration in the tumor tissue were graded. The BLR and SLR showed significant positive correlations with the grades of CD163 cell and CD8 cell infiltration in the tumor tissue, respectively (p < 0.05). In multivariate survival analysis, both BLR and SLR were significant predictors of RFS (p < 0.05). FDG uptake in the BM and spleen might be potential imaging biomarkers for evaluating tumor immune microenvironment conditions and predicting RFS in patients with gastric cancer.
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5
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Shen W, Wang X, Xiang H, Shichi S, Nakamoto H, Kimura S, Sugiyama K, Taketomi A, Kitamura H. IFN-γ-STAT1-mediated NK2R expression is involved in the induction of antitumor effector CD8 + T cells in vivo. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1816-1829. [PMID: 36715504 PMCID: PMC10154869 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of antitumor effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment is a crucial event for cancer immunotherapy. Neurokinin receptor 2 (NK2R), a G protein-coupled receptor for neurokinin A (NKA), regulates diverse physiological functions. However, the precise role of NKA-NK2R signaling in antitumor immunity is unclear. Here, we found that an IFN-γ-STAT1 cascade augmented NK2R expression in CD8+ T cells, and NK2R-mediated NKA signaling was involved in inducing antitumor effector T cells in vivo. The administration of a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), into a liver cancer mouse model induced type I and type II IFNs and significantly suppressed the tumorigenesis of Hepa1-6 liver cancer cells in a STAT1-dependent manner. The reduction in tumor growth was diminished by the depletion of CD8+ T cells. IFN-γ stimulation significantly induced NK2R and tachykinin precursor 1 (encodes NKA) gene expression in CD8+ T cells. NKA stimulation combined with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment significantly augmented IFN-γ and granzyme B production by CD8+ T cells compared with the anti-CD3 mAb alone in vitro. ERK1/2 phosphorylation and IκBα degradation in activated CD8+ T cells were suppressed under NK2R deficiency. Finally, we confirmed that tumor growth was significantly increased in NK2R-deficient mice compared with that in wild-type mice, and the antitumor effects of poly I:C were abolished by NK2R absence. These findings suggest that IFN-γ-STAT1-mediated NK2R expression is involved in the induction of antitumor effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which contributes to the suppression of cancer cell tumorigenesis in vivo. In this study, we revealed that IFN-γ-STAT1-mediated NK2R expression is involved in the induction of antitumor effector CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which contributes to suppressing the tumorigenesis of liver cancer cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shen
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Huihui Xiang
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shichi
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakamoto
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Kimura
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ko Sugiyama
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Kitamura
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Ge W, Dong Y, Deng Y, Chen L, Chen J, Liu M, Wu J, Wang W, Ma X. Potential biomarkers: Identifying powerful tumor specific T cells in adoptive cellular therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003626. [PMID: 36451828 PMCID: PMC9702804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific T cells (TSTs) are essential components for the success of personalized tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-based adoptive cellular therapy (ACT). Therefore, the selection of a common biomarker for screening TSTs in different tumor types, followed by ex vivo expansion to clinical number levels can generate the greatest therapeutic effect. However, studies on shared biomarkers for TSTs have not been realized yet. The present review summarizes the similarities and differences of a number of biomarkers for TSTs in several tumor types studied in the last 5 years, and the advantages of combining biomarkers. In addition, the review discusses the possible shortcomings of current biomarkers and highlights strategies to identify TSTs accurately using intercellular interactions. Finally, the development of TSTs in personalized TIL-based ACT for broader clinical applications is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Ge
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqian Dong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lujuan Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muqi Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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Wang M, Bai Y, Pei J, Li D, Pu X, Zhu W, Xia L, Qi C, Jiang H, Ning Y. β-Glucan Combined With PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade for Immunotherapy in Patients With Advanced Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887457. [PMID: 35548349 PMCID: PMC9084312 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blocking antibodies have been shown to be a powerful immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy for patients with cancer. However, patients quickly develop resistance to immunotherapy. β-glucan, an immune adjuvant, has been found to stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we assessed the use of whole glucan particle (WGP) β-glucan in combination with PD-1/PD-L1–blocking antibodies to slow down the resistance to immunotherapy. Results from a tumor mouse model demonstrated that administration of WGP β-glucan plus PD-1/PD-L1–blocking antibodies led to increased recruitment of immune-associated cells, improved regulation of the balance between T-cell activation and immune tolerance, and delayed tumor progression. This combination therapy was also found to improve progression-free survival in patients with advanced cancer who had previously discontinued anti-PD-1/PD-L1 because of disease progression. These findings suggest that β-glucan could be used as an immune adjuvant to reverse anti-PD-1/PD-L1 resistance by regulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Pei
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Pu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Jiang, ; Yongling Ning,
| | - Yongling Ning
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Jiang, ; Yongling Ning,
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8
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Chen T, Zhang Q, Zhang N, Liu B, Chen J, Huang F, Lin J, Lan R, Xie X, Wang Z. Intermittent administration of tacrolimus enhances anti-tumor immunity in melanoma-bearing mice. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:338-348. [PMID: 35136987 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One key reason for T cell exhaustion is continuous antigen exposure. Early exhausted T cells can reverse exhaustion and differentiate into fully functional memory T cells if removed from persisting antigen stimulation. Therefore, this study viewed T cell exhaustion as an over-activation status induced by chronic antigen stimuli. This study hypothesized that blocking TCR signal intermittently to terminate over-activation signal can defer the developmental process of T cell exhaustion. In this study, melanoma-bearing mice were treated with tacrolimus (FK506) every five days. The tumor size and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were analyzed. We found that intermittent administration of tacrolimus significantly inhibited tumor growth, and this effect was mediated by CD8+T cells. Intermittent tacrolimus treatment facilitated the infiltration of CD8+TILs. RNA-seq and quantitative RT-PCR of sorted CD8+TILs showed the expression of Nr4a1 (an exhaustion-related transcription factor) and Ctla4 (a T cell inhibitory receptor) was remarkably downregulated. These results indicated that intermittently blocking TCR signal by tacrolimus can promote anti-tumor immunity and inhibit the tumor growth in melanoma-bearing mice, inhibiting the transcription of several exhaustion-related genes, such as Nr4a1 and Ctla4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Nianhai Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junying Chen
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Platform for Medical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Platform for Medical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Fujian Orthopedics Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruilong Lan
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Platform for Medical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xianhe Xie
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Molecular Oncology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zili Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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9
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Zhand S, Saghaeian Jazi M, Mohammadi S, Tarighati Rasekhi R, Rostamian G, Kalani MR, Rostamian A, George J, Douglas MW. COVID-19: The Immune Responses and Clinical Therapy Candidates. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5559. [PMID: 32756480 PMCID: PMC7432271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with rising numbers of patients worldwide, presents an urgent need for effective treatments. To date, there are no therapies or vaccines that are proven to be effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several potential candidates or repurposed drugs are under investigation, including drugs that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and block infection. The most promising therapy to date is remdesivir, which is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for emergency use in adults and children hospitalized with severe suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Herein we summarize the general features of SARS-CoV-2's molecular and immune pathogenesis and discuss available pharmacological strategies, based on our present understanding of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections. Finally, we outline clinical trials currently in progress to investigate the efficacy of potential therapies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Zhand
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Marie Saghaeian Jazi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medcial Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran;
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran;
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran;
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Tarighati Rasekhi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Kalani
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran;
| | - Aida Rostamian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Alborz 3149968111, Iran;
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Mark W Douglas
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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