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Pawlik VE, Mohi A, Rommel F, Kakkassery V, Ranjbar M, Grisanti S. [Transparent Depiction of Case Reports Linked to COVID-19 and its Vaccination - a Temporal Coincidence]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2024; 241:828-833. [PMID: 35426111 DOI: 10.1055/a-1775-8405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Elisabeth Pawlik
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Armin Mohi
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Felix Rommel
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Vinodh Kakkassery
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Mahdy Ranjbar
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Deutschland
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2
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Łysak K, Walulik A, Błaszkiewicz M, Gomułka K. ANCA-Positive Small-Vessel Vasculitis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination-A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:656. [PMID: 38932385 PMCID: PMC11209111 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As vaccinations against the SARS-CoV-2 virus have become a crucial tool in controlling the spread of the disease, reports of rare health complications have emerged, including new-onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). We systematically reviewed new-onset AAV following COVID-19 vaccination case reports and case series published in three databases before January 2024 following PRISMA guidelines to understand the characteristics of possible causal relationships or coincidences. In total, 404 articles were screened respectively by title, abstracts, and full-texts. Thirty-four papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and have been analyzed, covering 44 patients with new-onset AAV after COVID-19 vaccination with no prior history of COVID-19 infection. Data regarding patients' metrics, comorbidities, vaccination characteristics, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, and outcomes were investigated and summarized. The cohort consisted predominantly of females. AAV diagnosis was confirmed via biopsy, with renal dysfunction as a prevailing manifestation. In most cases, the first symptoms of AAV developed after the second dose; moreover, Pfizer-BioNTech was the most frequently administered vaccine among the analyzed cohort. Primary treatment involved glucocorticoid therapy, with a mostly favourable response. This systematic review aims to raise awareness among clinicians in the field regarding this rare but possible complication, to promote the prompt recognition and diagnosis of de novo ANCA-positive small-vessel vasculitis in timely association with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Łysak
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Agata Walulik
- Student Scientific Group of Internal Medicine and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Błaszkiewicz
- Student Scientific Group of Internal Medicine and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gomułka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Kim S, Bea S, Choe SA, Choi NK, Shin JY. Autoimmune disorders reported following COVID-19 vaccination: A disproportionality analysis using the WHO database. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:445-453. [PMID: 38212538 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Owing to adverse event following immunization (AEFI) related to autoimmune disorders and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines sharing common biological mechanisms, identifying the risk of AEFIs associated with COVID-19 vaccines remains a critical unmet need. We aimed to assess the potential safety signals for 16 AEFIs and explore co-reported adverse events (AEs) and drugs using the global database of the World Health Organization, VigiBase. METHODS We assessed the occurrence of 16 AEFIs following COVID-19 vaccination through the Standardized MedDRA Queries group "Immune-mediated/Autoimmune Disorders" from MedDRA and performed a disproportionality analysis using reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We identified 25,219 events associated with COVID-19 vaccines in VigiBase. Although rare, we detected four potential safety signals related to autoimmune disorders following COVID-19 vaccination, including ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis (ROR 1.86; 95% CI 1.53-2.27), inflammatory bowel disease (ROR 1.77; 95% CI 1.60-1.96), polymyalgia rheumatica (ROR 1.42; 95% CI 1.30-1.55), and thyroiditis (ROR 1.40; 95% CI 1.30-1.50), with positive IC025 values. The top co-reported AEs were musculoskeletal disorders, and immunosuppressants were the most representative co-reported drugs. CONCLUSION In addressing the imperative to comprehend AEFI related to autoimmune disorders following COVID-19 vaccination, our study identified four potential safety signals. Thus, our research underscores the importance of proactive safety monitoring for the identification of the four AEFIs following COVID-19 vaccination, considering the associated advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Kim
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sungho Bea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Choe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam-Kyong Choi
- Department of Health Convergence, College of Science & Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Shin
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea.
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
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4
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Ding Z, Wei X, Pan H, Shi H, Shi Y. Unveiling the intricacies of COVID-19: Autoimmunity, multi-organ manifestations and the role of autoantibodies. Scand J Immunol 2024; 99:e13344. [PMID: 39007954 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a severe infectious disease caused by a SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has caused a global pandemic and can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Beyond the respiratory system, the disease manifests in multiple organs, producing a spectrum of clinical symptoms. A pivotal factor in the disease's progression is autoimmunity, which intensifies its severity and contributes to multi-organ injuries. The intricate interaction between the virus' spike protein and human proteins may engender the generation of autoreactive antibodies through molecular mimicry. This can further convolute the immune response, with the potential to escalate into overt autoimmunity. There is also emerging evidence to suggest that COVID-19 vaccinations might elicit analogous autoimmune responses. Advanced technologies have pinpointed self-reactive antibodies that target diverse organs or immune-modulatory proteins. The interplay between autoantibody levels and multi-organ manifestations underscores the importance of regular monitoring of serum antibodies and proinflammatory markers. A combination of immunosuppressive treatments and antiviral therapy is crucial for managing COVID-19-associated autoimmune diseases. The review will focus on the generation of autoantibodies in the context of COVID-19 and their impact on organ health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyi Wei
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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5
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Bandinelli F, Pagano M, Vallecoccia MS. Post-COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Vaccine Arthritis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Horton's Arteritis: A Single-Center Assessment of Clinical, Serological, Genetic, and Ultrasonographic Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7563. [PMID: 38137631 PMCID: PMC10743539 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of the COVID-19 vaccine and infection to induce autoimmunity is currently underestimated despite the literature emphasizing arthralgia as a common adverse event. We aimed to study the impact of rheumatological complications post-COVID-19 (PC) and post-COVID-19 vaccine (PCV), comparing undifferentiated arthritis (UA) to Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Horton's Arteritis (PMR-HA) and isolated arthritis to UA with "connective-like" accompanying symptoms. We retrospectively included 109 patients with at least 6 months of follow-up, analyzing serum biomarkers, joint ultrasound (US), lung HRCT, DLCO, and HLA haplotypes. There were 87 UA patients showing increased gastrointestinal and lung involvement (p = 0.021 and p = 0.012), higher anti-spike protein IgG levels (p = 0.003), and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity (p = 0.003). Among them, 66 cases progressed to ACR-EULAR 2010 early arthritis after 3 months, whereas PMR-HA patients were more commonly PCV (81.8%, p = 0.008), demonstrating higher CRP (p = 0.007) and ESR (p = 0.006) levels, a lower rate of ANA positivity (p = 0.005), and a higher remission rate after six months (p = 0.050). In UA patients, the prevalent HLA was DRB1*11 and C*07 (36.8% and 42.1%). Serum calprotectin, interleukin-6, and C*07 (p = 0.021, 0.041, 0.018) seemed more specific for isolated UA. Conversely, "connective-like" arthritis showed poorer DLCO (p = 0.041) and more frequent US synovitis (p = 0.041). In conclusion, UA is a frequent common PC and PCV complication and may persist over time when compared to PMR-HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bandinelli
- Rheumatology Department, Usl Tuscany Center, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Pagano
- National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Maria Sole Vallecoccia
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, 50122 Florence, Italy;
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6
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Sadeghi E, Mahmoudzadeh R, Garg SJ, Nowroozzadeh MH. Ocular posterior segment complications following COVID-19 vaccination. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4343-4357. [PMID: 37432598 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a significant impact on healthcare, including eye care, worldwide. Effective and safe vaccines have been developed using both conventional and novel technologies to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. While vaccination has been shown to be remarkably effective in reducing the spread and associated morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 disease, there have been reports of complications to the posterior segment of the eye. METHODS We present a case-based analysis of reported complications of COVID-19 vaccination to the posterior segment of the eye. The study aims to highlight the diversity of possible complications and discuss the plausible involved pathophysiologic mechanisms. RESULTS The most significant complications reported were retinal macro or microvascular occlusions, uveitis, and central serous chorioretinopathy. These complications are rare but require prompt diagnosis and management to prevent serious visual morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the need for ophthalmologists to be aware of possible complications related to COVID-19 vaccination and the importance of prompt diagnosis and management. The findings of this study may help ophthalmologists to better understand and manage these rare complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sadeghi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Poostchi Clinic, Zand Street, Shiraz, 7134997446, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh
- MidAtlantic Retina, The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunir J Garg
- MidAtlantic Retina, The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Hossein Nowroozzadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Poostchi Clinic, Zand Street, Shiraz, 7134997446, Iran.
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7
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Althomali MM, Almalki AS, Alotaibi SM, Alsalman AM, Alqhatani SM, Shehab GM, Abdel-Moneim AS. Navigating Vaccine Uncertainty: Anxiety and Fourth Dose Hesitancy Among Saudi Adults. Cureus 2023; 15:e48766. [PMID: 38098907 PMCID: PMC10719428 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The continuous evolution of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and early evidence of declining effectiveness of the third dose over time have generated anxiety and hesitancy regarding vaccinations. The current study aimed to assess anxiety levels and the willingness to receive a fourth dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Potential factors leading to this reluctance were also assessed. Methodology This was a cross-sectional cohort study conducted among the adult Saudi population. A questionnaire including demographic data, questions regarding Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) assessment, and questions related to accepting the vaccine and reasons for hesitancy was employed. Results Of the 1,924 participants who responded, 1,033 were males, and 891 were females. Among the respondents, a significant level of anxiety toward receiving the fourth dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was reported in 1,097 cases, representing 57% of the total, with varying degrees of anxiety. Both gender and age were identified as co-factors contributing to this anxiety. A substantial portion of the participants, 1,369 individuals, accounting for 71.2%, exhibited vaccine hesitancy and reluctance to receive the fourth dose. Conclusions Our findings underscore the pressing need for targeted interventions to combat vaccine hesitancy and alleviate associated anxieties, particularly among the adult Saudi population. As we persist in confronting the ongoing challenges brought about by the evolving pandemic, it is crucial that we customize our vaccination campaigns and communication strategies to tackle the apprehensions and hesitations of the Saudi population directly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gaber M Shehab
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
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Yang Y, Dong Y, Li G, Yin B, Tang X, Jia L, Zhang X, Yang W, Wang C, Peng X, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Xu X. Pregnancy outcomes following natural conception and assisted reproduction treatment in women who received COVID-19 vaccination prior to conception: a population-based cohort study in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1250165. [PMID: 37886353 PMCID: PMC10598612 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1250165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has swept across the world and continues to exert serious adverse effects on vulnerable populations, including pregnant women and neonates. The vaccines available at present were designed to prevent infection from COVID-19 strains and control viral spread. Although the incidence of pregnancy cycle outcomes are not likely to increase patients vaccinated prior to pregnancy compared with unvaccinated patients based on our knowledge of vaccination safety, there is no specific evidence to support this hypothesis. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the association between maternal vaccination prior to conception and pregnancy outcomes. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 2,614 women who received prenatal care and delivered in the Obstetrical Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between February 2022 and November 2022. Of the 1,380 eligible pregnant women, 899 women who had received preconception vaccination were assigned to a vaccine group and 481 women who were not vaccinated were control group. Of the enrolled patients, 291 women received fertility treatment (141 vaccinated women, 150 unvaccinated women). The primary outcomes were pregnancy complications (hypothyroidism, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, premature rupture of membranes and postpartum hemorrhage), obstetric outcomes (preterm birth rate, cesarean section rate) and neonatal outcomes (birth-weight, body length, low-birth-weight rate, rate of congenital defects, neonatal mortality and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit). Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications during pregnancy and delivery when compared between the vaccine group and control group in either univariate- or multivariate-models. The type of vaccine was not associated with the odds of adverse pregnancy outcome. Among the women with infertility treatment, the vaccinated group and the unvaccinated group had similar pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion Women who received COVID-19 vaccination prior to conception had similar maternal and neonatal outcomes as women who were unvaccinated. Our findings indicate that COVID-19 vaccinations can be safely administered prior to pregnancy in women who are planning pregnancy or assisted reproductive treatment. During new waves of COVID-19 infection, women who are planning pregnancy should be vaccinated as soon as possible to avoid subsequent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yujie Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guojing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Biqi Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Hefei First People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xiong Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liangfang Jia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueke Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center of Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center of Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
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Safary A, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M, Barar J, Omidi Y. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-triggered autoimmunity: Molecular mimicry and/or bystander activation of the immune system. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 13:269-273. [PMID: 37645029 PMCID: PMC10460773 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Induced autoimmunity or autoinflammatory-like conditions as a rare vaccine-related adverse event have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination. Such inadvertent adverse reactions have raised somewhat concerns about the long-term safety of the developed vaccines. Such multifactorial phenomena may be related to the cross-reactivity between the viral-specific antigens with the host self-proteins through molecular mimicry mechanism and/or nonspecific bystander activation of the non-target antigen-independent immunity by the entities of the vaccine products. However, due to the low incidence of the reported/identified individuals and insufficient evidence, autoimmunity following the COVID-19 vaccination has not been approved. Thereby, it seems that further designated studies might warrant post-monitoring of the inevitable adverse immunologic reactions in the vaccinated individuals, especially among hypersensitive cases, to address possible immunological mechanisms induced by the viral vaccines, incorporated adjuvants, and even vaccine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Safary
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Pelà G, Visioli F, Aiello M, Solinas E, Ferrari C, Chetta A. The anti-COVID-19 vaccine unveils latent systemic sclerosis. Scand J Rheumatol 2023:1-3. [PMID: 37339397 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2023.2211384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Pelà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of General and Specialistic Medicine, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - F Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - M Aiello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit University-Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - E Solinas
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - C Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A Chetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit University-Hospital of Parma, Italy
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11
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Takedani K, Notsu M, Ishiai N, Asami Y, Uchida K, Kanasaki K. Graves' disease after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:132. [PMID: 37316819 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) is characterized by immune system dysregulation after exposure to adjuvants, such as aluminum. Although cases of autoimmune thyroid diseases caused by ASIA have been reported, Graves' disease is one of the rarer diseases. There are some reports that vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause ASIA. Here, we describe a case of Graves' disease following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and a review of the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 41-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of palpitations and fatigue. Two weeks after receiving the second SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BNT162b2, Coronavirus Modified Uridine messenger RNA (mRNA) Vaccine, Pfizer), she developed fatigue and gradually worsened. On admission, she exhibited thyrotoxicosis (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) < 0.01 mIU/L (0.08-0.54), free triiodothyronine (FT3) 33.2 pmol/L (3.8-6.3), and free thyroxine (FT4) 72.1 pmol/L (11.6-19.3)) and palpitations associated with atrial fibrillation. TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) was positive (TRAb 5.0 IU/L (< 2.0)), and 99mTc scintigraphy showed diffuse uptake in the thyroid gland, suggesting that the thyrotoxicosis in this case was caused by Graves' disease. Thiamazole was prescribed to correct her condition, and soon after this treatment was initiated, her symptoms and thyroid hormone levels were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS This case report reinforces the potential correlation between ASIA affecting the thyroid and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. The clinical course suggests that it is essential to consider the possibility of developing ASIA, such as Graves' disease, after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Takedani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Masuda Red Cross Hospital, Masuda, Shimane, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-Cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Masakazu Notsu
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-Cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoto Ishiai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Masuda Red Cross Hospital, Masuda, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yu Asami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Masuda Red Cross Hospital, Masuda, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchida
- Department of Cardiology, Masuda Red Cross Hospital, Masuda, Shimane, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-Cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
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12
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Zirkenbach VA, Ignatz RM, Öttl R, Cehreli Z, Stroikova V, Kaya M, Lehmann LH, Preusch MR, Frey N, Kaya Z. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-Vaccine on the Induction of Myocarditis in Different Murine Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055011. [PMID: 36902442 PMCID: PMC10002951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, vaccination safety and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-vaccines were under consideration after case reports of vaccine-related side effects, such as myocarditis, which were mostly described in young men. However, there is almost no data on the risk and safety of vaccination, especially in patients who are already diagnosed with acute/chronic (autoimmune) myocarditis from other causes, such as viral infections, or as a side effect of medication and treatment. Thus, the risk and safety of these vaccines, in combination with other therapies that could induce myocarditis (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy), are still poorly assessable. Therefore, vaccine safety, with respect to worsening myocardial inflammation and myocardial function, was studied in an animal model of experimentally induced autoimmune myocarditis. Furthermore, it is known that ICI treatment (e.g., antibodies (abs) against PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, or a combination of those) plays an important role in the treatment of oncological patients. However, it is also known that treatment with ICIs can induce severe, life-threatening myocarditis in some patients. Genetically different A/J (most susceptible strain) and C57BL/6 (resistant strain) mice, with diverse susceptibilities for induction of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) at various age and gender, were vaccinated twice with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-vaccine. In an additional A/J group, an autoimmune myocarditis was induced. In regard to ICIs, we tested the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in PD-1-/- mice alone, and in combination with CTLA-4 abs. Our results showed no adverse effects related to inflammation and heart function after mRNA-vaccination, independent of age, gender, and in different mouse strains susceptible for induction of experimental myocarditis. Moreover, there was no worsening effect on inflammation and cardiac function when EAM in susceptible mice was induced. However, in the experiments with vaccination and ICI treatment, we observed, in some mice, low elevation of cardiac troponins in sera, and low scores of myocardial inflammation. In sum, mRNA-vaccines are safe in a model of experimentally induced autoimmune myocarditis, but patients undergoing ICI therapy should be closely monitored when vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca M. Ignatz
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renate Öttl
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zeynep Cehreli
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Stroikova
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mansur Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz H. Lehmann
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael R. Preusch
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-5639617
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13
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Dağ Y, Acet Y. Evaluation of the Effect of İnfection and İmmunity on the Tear Film by Scheimpflug-Placido Disc Topography- A Case Control Study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 41:103216. [PMID: 36470405 PMCID: PMC9719847 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to compare the tear film stability of individuals who had recovered from coronavirus disease (COVID-19), that of individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 and that of healthy individuals in a control group. METHODS This study included 61 eyes of 61 post-COVID-19 patients, 63 eyes of 63 participants who had received at least two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine, and 57 eyes of healthy individuals in a control group. We compared the groups' tear film stability. RESULTS The mean non-invasive first tear break-up time (NIF-BUT) value was 4.1±2.7 seconds in the post-COVID-19 group, 4.7±2.9 seconds in the vaccinated group, and 5.8±2.8 seconds in the control group. This value was statistically significantly lower in the post-COVID-19 and vaccinated groups than in the control group (p= 0.007). The rate of superotemporal (ST) quadrant breakup, statistically significantly higher in the vaccinated group than in the other two groups (p=0.001). According to a qualitative examination of the results, at least one breakup occurred in 47 (77%) of the post-COVID-19 participants' eyes, 50 (79.4%) of the vaccinated group's eyes, and 33 (57.9%) of the control group's eyes. In terms of this qualitative value, the post-COVID-19 and vaccinated groups had significantly higher breakup rates than the control group (p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS Destabilization in the tear film was more common in both the post covid group and the vaccinated group. In addition to individuals who have post-Covid, we think that post-vaccination individuals should be followed closely in terms of ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaşar Dağ
- Department of Ophthalmology, Başakşehir çam ve sakura city hospital. Istanbul, Turkey, Mobile: +0905330188247.
| | - Yakup Acet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mardin Training and Research Hospital. Mardin, Turkey, Mobile: +0905307849019.
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14
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Ture HY, Kim NR, Nam EJ. New-onset retroperitoneal fibrosis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: Coincidental or vaccine-induced phenomenon? Int J Rheum Dis 2023. [PMID: 36814401 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Although it is reported to be safe and effective, immune dysregulation leading to autoimmunity has become an area of concern. Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is an immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disease characterized by the deposition of fibrous tissues, primarily around the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries. Herein, we report a case of RPF following Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no published reports on RPF after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. A 58-year-old woman with no history of autoimmune diseases presented with acute onset of epigastric pain 5 weeks after the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. She had been diagnosed with stage I breast cancer 9 years ago and was in complete remission on admission. Abdominal computed tomography showed preaortic soft-tissue infiltration around the origin of the superior mesenteric artery but no evidence of breast cancer recurrence. Considering the temporal relationship between current symptoms and vaccination and the absence of other possible causes, she was diagnosed with RPF secondary to Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine-induced autoimmunity. This case may raise awareness of the possibility of RPF development following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirut Yadeta Ture
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Na Ri Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eon Jeong Nam
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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15
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Stefanou MI, Palaiodimou L, Theodorou A, Christodoulou MV, Tzartos JS, Tzanetakos D, Kitsos D, Chondrogianni M, Zouvelou V, Dardiotis E, Tzavellas E, Syrigou E, Benetou V, Paraskevas GP, Tsiodras S, Tsivgoulis G, Giannopoulos S. Safety of COVID-19 vaccines in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler 2023; 29:585-594. [PMID: 36722184 PMCID: PMC9895285 DOI: 10.1177/13524585221150881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data are sparse regarding the safety of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE To estimate (1) the pooled proportion of MS patients experiencing relapse among vaccine recipients; (2) the rate of transient neurological worsening, adverse events, and serious adverse events; (3) the previous outcomes of interest for different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine types. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacovigilance registries and observational studies. RESULTS Nineteen observational studies comprising 14,755 MS patients who received 23,088 doses of COVID-19 vaccines were included. Mean age was 43.3 years (95% confidence interval (CI): 40-46.6); relapsing-remitting, secondary-progressive, primary-progressive MS and clinically isolated syndrome were diagnosed in 82.6% (95% CI: 73.9-89.8), 12.6% (95% CI: 6.3-20.8), 6.7% (95% CI: 4.2-9.9), and 2.9% (95% CI: 1-5.9) of cases, respectively. The pooled proportion of MS patients experiencing relapse at a mean time interval of 20 days (95% CI: 12-28.2) from vaccination was 1.9% (95% CI: 1.3%-2.6%; I2 = 78%), with the relapse risk being independent of the type of administered SARS-CoV-2-vaccine (p for subgroup differences = 0.7 for messenger RNA (mRNA), inactivated virus, and adenovector-based vaccines). After vaccination, transient neurological worsening was observed in 4.8% (95% CI: 2.3%-8.1%) of patients. Adverse events and serious adverse events were reported in 52.8% (95% CI: 46.7%-58.8%) and 0.1% (95% CI: 0%-0.2%) of vaccinations, respectively. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccination does not appear to increase the risk of relapse and serious adverse events in MS. Weighted against the risks of SARS-CoV-2-related complications and MS exacerbations, these safety data provide compelling pro-vaccination arguments for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aikaterini Theodorou
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon”
University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Veatriki Christodoulou
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon”
University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John S Tzartos
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon”
University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzanetakos
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon”
University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kitsos
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon”
University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Chondrogianni
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon”
University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Zouvelou
- First Department of Neurology, Eginition
Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of
Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital
of Larissa, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Elias Tzavellas
- First Department of Psychiatry, Aiginition
Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of
Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vassiliki Benetou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and
Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens,
Greece
| | - George P Paraskevas
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon”
University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine,
Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- S Giannopoulos Second Department of
Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and
Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece.
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16
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Iwai S, Takayama K, Sora D, Takeuchi M. A Case of Acute Retinal Necrosis Associated with Reactivation of Varicella Zoster Virus after COVID-19 Vaccination. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:233-235. [PMID: 34802376 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.2001541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) after receiving COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS A case report. RESULTS A 78-year-old man complained of blurred vision and floaters in the right eye 2 days after receiving BNT162b2 mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine and was referred to our hospital with worsening visual acuity after 7 days. He had no systemic symptoms and no history of systemic diseases. Ophthalmic examination revealed white-yellowish placoid lesions spreading to the entire circumference of the retina, and temporal and upper lesions extending to the posterior pole, although anterior inflammation and vitreous opacity were mild. Diagnostic and therapeutic vitrectomy was performed, and VZV-DNA was detected by comprehensive PCR using a vitreous fluid sample. The ocular inflammation subsided by systemic administration of antivirals and corticosteroids. However, total retinal detachment requiring repeat vitrectomy using silicone oil occurred after the second vaccination. CONCLUSION ARN associated with VZV reactivation may develop after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seima Iwai
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kei Takayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sora
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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17
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Li M, Hao J, Jiang T, Deng W, Lu H, Wang S, Wan G, Xie Y, Yi W. Maternal and neonatal safety of COVID-19 vaccination during the peri-pregnancy period: A prospective study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28378. [PMID: 36478410 PMCID: PMC9878102 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the safety of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in Chinese pregnant women and their fetuses when inoculated during the peri-pregnancy period. METHODS Eligible pregnant women were prospectively collected and divided into a vaccine group (n = 93) and control group (n = 160) according to whether they had been vaccinated against COVID-19 within 3 months before their last menstruation period (LMP) and after pregnancy. Demographic data of couples, complications during pregnancy and delivery of pregnant women, and data of newborns at birth were collected. RESULTS Sixty-six women were vaccinated with a median time of 35.5 (range = 0-91) days before LMP, and 27 women were vaccinated with a median time of 17 (range = 1-72) days after LMP. The incidence of premature rupture of membrane (PROM) in the vaccine group was significantly higher than that in the control group (16.13% vs. 6.88%, p = 0.019). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that maternal peri-pregnancy COVID-19 vaccination was not an independent risk factor for PROM (odds ratio: 2.407, 95% confidence interval: 0.932-6.216, p = 0.069). There was no difference in the incidence of other complications during pregnancy and delivery between the two groups. A total of 253 neonates were delivered, including two cases with congenital abnormalities in each group. The incidence of congenital abnormalities between the two groups was similar (2.15% vs. 1.25%, p = 0.626). There was no difference in neonatal length, weight, head circumference, and Apgar score between the two groups (p > 0.05), but the incidence of neonatal jaundice in the vaccine group was significantly higher than that in the control group (20.43% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that maternal peri-pregnancy vaccination, postpartum blood loss, cesarean section, 1-min Apgar score, and paternal smoking were independent risk factors for neonatal jaundice. CONCLUSIONS It is safe for pregnant women and their fetuses to be inoculated the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine during the peri-pregnancy period, but attention should be paid to neonatal jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Ditan HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Hepatology Division 2Peking University Ditan Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jianzhen Hao
- Department of GynecologyMaternal and Children's Healthcare Hospital of Beijing Dongcheng DistrictBeijingChina
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Ditan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Ditan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Huihui Lu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Ditan HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Ditan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Gang Wan
- Department of Biostatistics, Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Ditan HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Hepatology Division 2Peking University Ditan Teaching HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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18
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Tseng PH, Chuang SH, Pan Y, Shih HJ, Chang CP, Huang SH. Gross hematuria and IgA nephropathy flare-up following the first dose of Moderna vaccine: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32524. [PMID: 36595987 PMCID: PMC9803522 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the mass vaccination for COVID-19, several case reports indicated the risk of autoimmune disease flare-ups after the vaccination. Among them, COVID-19 vaccine-induced glomerular diseases have drawn attention worldwide. The cases demonstrating the association between the mRNA vaccine and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) exacerbation had been noticed. Mostly mentioned, the flare-ups usually occurred after the second dose. METHODS We present a Taiwanese female with IgAN who developed gross hematuria within only six hours after the first dose of the Moderna vaccine. RESULTS Six hours after the first dose of Moderna vaccine on 8 June 2021, the patient developed gross hematuria and significantly decreased urine output. All symptoms resolved spontaneously on the fifth day after the vaccination without any intervention. On the fourth day after the vaccination, the patient were able to back to her original condition. CONCLUSION This was an intriguing case of IgAN flare-up following the first dose of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hung Tseng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanROC
| | - Shu-Han Chuang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh Pan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanROC
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Jen Shih
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanROC
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Pao Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanROC
| | - Sheng-Hsien Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, TaiwanROC
- * Correspondence: Sheng-Hsien Huang, MD, Address: No. 135, Nanxiao St., Changhua City, Changhua County 500209, Taiwan, ROC (e-mail: )
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19
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Cherif YYS, Djeffal C, Abu Serhan H, Elnahhas A, Yousef H, Katamesh BE, Abdelazeem B, Abdelaal A. The Characteristics of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Uveitis: A Summative Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:69. [PMID: 36679914 PMCID: PMC9860710 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous complications following COVID-19 vaccination has been reported in the literature, with an increasing body of evidence reporting vaccination-associated uveitis (VAU). In this systematic review, we searched six electronic databases for articles reporting the occurrence of VAU following COVID-19 vaccination. Data were synthesized with emphasis on patients' characteristics [age, gender], vaccination characteristics [type, dose], and outcome findings [type, nature, laterality, course, location, onset, underlying cause, and associated findings]. Data are presented as numbers (percentages) for categorical data and as mean (standard deviation) for continuous data. Sixty-five studies were finally included [43 case reports, 16 case series, four cohort, one cross-sectional, and one registry-based study]. VAU occurred in 1526 cases, most commonly in females (68.93%) and middle-aged individuals (41-50 years: 19.71%), following the first dose (49.35%) of vaccination, especially in those who received Pfizer (77.90%). VAU occurred acutely (71.77%) as an inflammatory reaction (88.29%) in unilateral eyes (77.69%), particularly in the anterior portion of the uvea (54.13%). Importantly, most cases had a new onset (69.92%) while only a limited portion of cases had a reactivation of previous uveitis condition. In conclusion, although rare, uveitis following COVID-19 vaccination should be considered in new-onset and recurrent cases presenting with either acute or chronic events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chakib Djeffal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Algiers, Algiers 16311, Algeria
| | - Hashem Abu Serhan
- Tanta Research Team, El-Gharbia 31516, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamad Medical Corporations, Doha 576214, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Elnahhas
- Tanta Research Team, El-Gharbia 31516, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah Yousef
- Tanta Research Team, El-Gharbia 31516, Egypt
- Ophthalmology Department, Kafr Ash Shaykh Ophthalmology Hospital, Kafr Ash Shaykh 33511, Egypt
| | - Basant E. Katamesh
- Tanta Research Team, El-Gharbia 31516, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Basel Abdelazeem
- Tanta Research Team, El-Gharbia 31516, Egypt
- McLaren Health Care, Flint, MI 48532, USA
- Internal Medicine Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, MI 48824, USA
| | - Abdelaziz Abdelaal
- Tanta Research Team, El-Gharbia 31516, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Harvard Medical School, Postgraduate Medical Education, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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20
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Zheng Q, Lin R, Chen Y, Lv Q, Zhang J, Zhai J, Xu W, Wang W. SARS-CoV-2 induces "cytokine storm" hyperinflammatory responses in RA patients through pyroptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058884. [PMID: 36532040 PMCID: PMC9751040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease that threatens worldwide public health, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune disease. COVID-19 and RA are each strong risk factors for the other, but their molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to investigate the biomarkers between COVID-19 and RA from the mechanism of pyroptosis and find effective disease-targeting drugs. Methods We obtained the common gene shared by COVID-19, RA (GSE55235), and pyroptosis using bioinformatics analysis and then did the principal component analysis(PCA). The Co-genes were evaluated by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and ClueGO for functional enrichment, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built by STRING, and the k-means machine learning algorithm was employed for cluster analysis. Modular analysis utilizing Cytoscape to identify hub genes, functional enrichment analysis with Metascape and GeneMANIA, and NetworkAnalyst for gene-drug prediction. Network pharmacology analysis was performed to identify target drug-related genes intersecting with COVID-19, RA, and pyroptosis to acquire Co-hub genes and construct transcription factor (TF)-hub genes and miRNA-hub genes networks by NetworkAnalyst. The Co-hub genes were validated using GSE55457 and GSE93272 to acquire the Key gene, and their efficacy was assessed using receiver operating curves (ROC); SPEED2 was then used to determine the upstream pathway. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using CIBERSORT and validated by the HPA database. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) were used to explore and validate drug-gene relationships through computer-aided drug design. Results COVID-19, RA, and pyroptosis-related genes were enriched in pyroptosis and pro-inflammatory pathways(the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex, death-inducing signaling complex, regulation of interleukin production), natural immune pathways (Network map of SARS-CoV-2 signaling pathway, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19-and RA-related cytokine storm pathways (IL, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), TNF signaling pathway and regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling). Of these, CASP1 is the most involved pathway and is closely related to minocycline. YY1, hsa-mir-429, and hsa-mir-34a-5p play an important role in the expression of CASP1. Monocytes are high-caspase-1-expressing sentinel cells. Minocycline can generate a highly stable state for biochemical activity by docking closely with the active region of caspase-1. Conclusions Caspase-1 is a common biomarker for COVID-19, RA, and pyroptosis, and it may be an important mediator of the excessive inflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 in RA patients through pyroptosis. Minocycline may counteract cytokine storm inflammation in patients with COVID-19 combined with RA by inhibiting caspase-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcong Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongjie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weihong Xu, ; Wanming Wang,
| | - Wanming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weihong Xu, ; Wanming Wang,
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21
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The Risk of Autoimmunity Development following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122655. [PMID: 36560659 PMCID: PMC9788148 DOI: 10.3390/v14122655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The broad spectrum of interactions between autoimmune diseases and the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is not fully understood. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-ENA, anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL), and anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-β2GPI) before and after the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in a real-life setting in healthcare professionals. The identification of risk factors associated with vaccine immunogenicity was evaluated. The study group consisted of employees of two hospitals (354 individuals). Samples for antibody assays were collected before vaccination and at 7-9 months after complete immunisation. There was no significant increase in the prevalence of ANA, ACL or anti-β2GPI antibodies, or autoimmune diseases in subjects who were vaccinated 7-9 months after complete immunisation. In terms of detected anti-ENA, the anti-DFS70 antibodies were found in 6 times more subjects than before vaccination at the second blood draw (in 18 and 3 subjects, respectively) (p = 0.001). There were no significant relationships between a SARS-CoV-2 infection history, humoral response, cellular response, subject category, smoking, sex, body weight, ANA, anti-ENA, ACL, or anti-β2GPI. This study revealed a possible association between the severity of vaccine adverse events (VAEs) and ANA titre. Individuals with more severe VAEs (>10 points) after the second dose of the vaccine had significantly higher ANA titre after complete immunization. When analysing the significance of time between the ANA, anti-ENA, ACL, and anti- β2GPI assays and complete immunisation antibody values, no qualitative result was statistically significant. There was correlation between the time since complete immunization and ANA after.
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22
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Rosen B, Davidovitch N, Chodick G, Israeli A. The role of Israeli researchers in the scientific literature regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Isr J Health Policy Res 2022; 11:39. [PMID: 36419188 PMCID: PMC9684862 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-022-00548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate and timely publication of scientific findings is a key component of the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article explores the role of Israeli researchers in the scientific literature regarding COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS Content and bibliometric analysis of articles included in the Web of Science database regarding COVID-19 vaccines, that were published between January 2020 and June 2022. RESULTS The Web of Science includes 18,596 articles regarding COVID-19 vaccines that were published between January 2020 and June 2022. 536 (3%) of those articles had at least one Israeli author. These "Israeli articles" accounted for 11% of the NEJM articles on COVID-19 vaccines, 9% of such articles in Nature Medicine, and 4% of such articles in the Lancet. 80 of the 536 Israeli articles (15%) were recognized as "Highly Cited Papers" (articles that rank in the top 1% by citations for field and publication year). Most of the Israeli Highly Cited Papers (HCPs) analyzed the safety and/or efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech (BNT162b2). Most of the Israeli HCPs made use of detailed and comprehensive individual data available from Israel's health plans, hospitals, or Ministry of Health. The 15% HCP rate (i.e., the number of HCPs divided by the number of all articles) for the Israeli articles was triple the HCP rate for all articles on COVID-19 vaccines (5%). A key factor contributing to Israel's prominent role in rapid publication of vaccination impact studies was Israel's being a world leader in the initial vaccination rollout, the administration of boosters, and the vaccination of pregnant women. Other contributing factors include Israeli researchers' access to well-developed electronic health record systems linking vaccinations and outcomes, the analytic strengths of leading Israeli researchers and research institutions, collaborations with leading research institutions in other countries, and the ability to quickly identify emerging research opportunities and mobilize accordingly. Recent developments in the priorities and selection criteria of leading journals have also played a role; these include an increased openness to well-designed observational studies and to manuscripts from outside of Europe and North America. CONCLUSIONS Israeli researchers, Israeli research institutions, and the Israeli government can, and should, take concrete steps to build upon lessons learned in the course of the recent surge of high-quality publications related to COVID-19 vaccines (such as the value of linking data across organizations). These lessons can be applied to a wide range of fields, including fields that go well beyond vaccines and pandemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Rosen
- Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Nadav Davidovitch
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
- Taub Center for Social Policy Studies in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avi Israeli
- Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
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23
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Yang Y, Zou S, Xu G. An update on the interaction between COVID-19, vaccines, and diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999534. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to now, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still affecting worldwide due to its highly infectious nature anrapid spread. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes, and they have a certain correlation in some aspects. Particularly, the activated renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulation state play an important role in the underlying mechanism linking COVID-19 to DKD. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor is considered a potential therapy for COVID-19 and has similarly shown organ protection in DKD. In addition, neuropilin-1 as an alternative pathway for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 also contributes to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entering the host cells, and its decreased expression can affect podocyte migration and adhesion. Here, we review the pathogenesis and current evidence of the interaction of DKD and COVID-19, as well as focus on elevated blood glucose following vaccination and its possible mechanism. Grasping the pathophysiology of DKD patients with COVID-19 is of great clinical significance for the formulation of therapeutic strategies.
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24
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Rodríguez Y, Rojas M, Beltrán S, Polo F, Camacho-Domínguez L, Morales SD, Gershwin ME, Anaya JM. Autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions after COVID-19 vaccination. New case reports and updated literature review. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102898. [PMID: 36041291 PMCID: PMC9399140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity linked to COVID-19 immunization has been recorded throughout the pandemic. Herein we present six new patients who experienced relapses of previous autoimmune disease (AD) or developed a new autoimmune or autoinflammatory condition following vaccination. In addition, we documented additional cases through a systematic review of the literature up to August 1st, 2022, in which 464 studies (928 cases) were included. The majority of patients (53.6%) were women, with a median age of 48 years (IQR: 34 to 66). The median period between immunization and the start of symptoms was eight days (IQR: 3 to 14). New-onset conditions were observed in 81.5% (n: 756) of the cases. The most common diseases associated with new-onset events following vaccination were immune thrombocytopenia, myocarditis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. In contrast, immune thrombocytopenia, psoriasis, IgA nephropathy, and systemic lupus erythematosus were the most common illnesses associated with relapsing episodes (18.5%, n: 172). The first dosage was linked with new-onset events (69.8% vs. 59.3%, P = 0.0100), whereas the second dose was related to relapsing disease (29.5% vs. 59.3%, P = 0.0159). New-onset conditions and relapsing diseases were more common in women (51.5% and 62.9%, respectively; P = 0.0081). The groups were evenly balanced in age. No deaths were recorded after the disease relapsed, while 4.7% of patients with new-onset conditions died (P = 0.0013). In conclusion, there may be an association between COVID-19 vaccination and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Some ADs seem to be more common than others. Vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 may induce autoimmunity through similar mechanisms. Large, well-controlled studies are warranted to validate this relationship and assess additional variables such as genetic and other environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yhojan Rodríguez
- Clínica del Occidente, Bogota, Colombia; Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Manuel Rojas
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Santiago Beltrán
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Fernando Polo
- Hospital Infantil de San José, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Department of Pathology, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Laura Camacho-Domínguez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Samuel David Morales
- Hospital Infantil de San José, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Department of Pathology, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Clínica del Occidente, Bogota, Colombia; LifeFactors, Rionegro, Colombia.
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25
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Ramdas S, Hum RM, Price A, Paul A, Bland J, Burke G, Farrugia M, Palace J, Storrie A, Ho P, Standing E, Lilleker JB, Jungbluth H. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and new-onset myasthenia gravis: A report of 7 cases and review of the literature. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:785-789. [PMID: 36130855 PMCID: PMC9443923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated immune disorder of the neuromuscular junction. SARS-CoV-2 is now recognised as a trigger factor for autoimmune diseases and to cause immune-mediated dysregulation, likely due to molecular mimicry induced by viral antigens. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, similarly, results in exposure to viral antigen. Here we report 7 cases of new-onset myasthenia gravis in timely association with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, including the first paediatric case identified to date. We also reviewed the literature for other new-onset MG cases reported within 4 weeks of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and discuss our findings in the context of altered (auto)immunity following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and/or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithara Ramdas
- MDUK Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Malcolm Hum
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Price
- Department of Paediatrics, QEQM Hospital, Margate, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Paul
- Department of Paediatrics, QEQM Hospital, Margate, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Bland
- Department of Neurophysiology, East Kent University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Burke
- Wessex Neurological Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Farrugia
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Storrie
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Ho
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Standing
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - James B Lilleker
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
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26
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Safary A, Esalatmanesh K, Eftekharsadat AT, Jafari Nakjavani MR, Khabbazi A. Autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases post-COVID-19 vaccination. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109061. [PMID: 35978510 PMCID: PMC9283674 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination against COVID-19 is one of the critical tools to provide herd immunity, reduce mortality, and control the pandemic worldwide. Despite the safety of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in the healthy population, a minority of people may develop rare post-vaccine adverse reactions such as autoimmune syndromes. The current study aimed to identify and present a series of patients with de-novo autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) associated with COVID-19 vaccines. Inclusion criteria were the onset of ARDs symptoms at ∼3-4 weeks post-vaccination, age ≥ 16, no previous history of ARDs, meeting the classification criteria for one of the ARDs, and staying in the follow-up. The most commonly used vaccines in patients were Sinopharm [7 cases (50%)] and AstraZeneca [6 cases (42.9%)]. ARDs were significantly more common in subjects who received the AstraZeneca vaccine than in those who received other vaccines. Based on the results, patients were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis or one of its subtypes (5 cases), vasculitis (4 cases), systemic lupus erythematosus (3 cases), and peripheral seronegative spondyloarthritis (2 cases). Except for one patient with self-limitation of ARD, others were treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and one case developed irreversible neurological complications. Indeed, our data can warn physicians about the possibility of ARDs post-vaccination, lead to faster diagnosis, prevent loss of window of opportunity for treatment, and prevent irreversible organ damage. Based on the published literature, autoimmune phenomena post-COVID-19 vaccination may be related to the overstimulation of mediators and cytokines due to complicated antigen-specific/non-specific immunological responses and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Safary
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Kamal Esalatmanesh
- Internal Medicine Department, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Amir Taher Eftekharsadat
- Department of Pathology, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Alireza Khabbazi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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27
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Al-Allaf AW, Neethu M, Al-Allaf Y. A Case Series and Literature Review of the Association of COVID-19 Vaccination With Autoimmune Diseases: Causality or Chance? Cureus 2022; 14:e28677. [PMID: 36199642 PMCID: PMC9526518 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a challenging time for the whole world. Ever since the start of the pandemic, vaccine development has been underway and now there are several approved COVID-19 vaccines bringing hope for the end of the pandemic. However, there have been been a few individuals who have been affected in some other ways by the COVID-19 vaccinations. Here in this case series, we present 16 cases of autoimmune diseases with a strong temporal relation with the COVID-19 vaccine. We would like to emphasize that COVID-19 vaccines are essential to alter the course of the pandemic and save lives and the temporal relation is not by any means proof of causation. However, we must be vigilant for the occurrence of these conditions.
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28
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Waseem S, Ahmed SH, Fatima S, Shaikh TG, Ahmed J. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and uveitis: Are they linked? Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 81:104472. [PMID: 36060437 PMCID: PMC9420081 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the discovery of a new strain of Coronavirus, later referred to as SARS-CoV2 took the world by storm, leading to a pandemic and shutting down all global activities. Several measures were taken adequately to combat the viral havoc, including developing numerous vaccines. All the vaccines currently available for the general population went through rigorous screenings and trials to ensure maximum safety and were only approved after that. However, once they were rolled out in the markets and administered to the population, some adverse reactions were reported, one of which included uveitis. It is an ocular inflammatory condition of the uveal tract, choroid, or iris. If untreated, it can lead to severe consequences, including blindness. It is further divided into four categories based on its anatomical location. Despite the rare incidence of uveitis following COVID-19 vaccination, it may contribute to vaccine hesitancy; hence addressing and digging into the pathophysiological cause is crucial. This study evaluates all the pathophysiological and demographical links between COVID-19 vaccination and uveitis, suggesting appropriate management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jawad Ahmed
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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29
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Kurtulmus N, Kayikci K. Subacute Thyroiditis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Six Cases Report and Review of the Literature. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:556-561. [PMID: 35318621 DOI: 10.1055/a-1804-9561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid that develops following viral upper respiratory tract infections. SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of COVID-19, binds to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) molecule expressed on the target cell surface. Thyroid gland shows high levels of ACE2 expression. The cases of SARS-CoV-2-related subacute thyroiditis and Graves' disease have been reported. It has recently been noted that vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 also induce autoimmune and inflammatory reactions. We present six (4 male, 2 female) cases of SAT that developed after mRNA and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. And we have reviewed the literature. SAT was seen in 5 patients after mRNA vaccine, in one after inactivated vaccine. Their clinic and laboratory findings suggested to SAT. They were treated with nonsteroid anti-inflamatory drugs and/or methylprednisolone.They recovered within few weeks. Out patients did not have permanent hypothyroidism after SAT. The history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination should be questioned in patients with subacute thyroiditis in pandemic days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Kurtulmus
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubra Kayikci
- Medical School, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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30
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ANCA-Associated Vasculitis May Result as a Complication to Both SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071072. [PMID: 35888159 PMCID: PMC9316790 DOI: 10.3390/life12071072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last two years, our world experienced one of the most devastating and fast-exploding pandemic, due to the wide spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The scientific community managed to develop effective vaccines, the main weapons to shield the immune system and protect people. Nevertheless, both SARS-CoV-2 infection and the vaccination against it have been associated with the stimulation of inflammatory cells such as T and B lymphocytes that results in a cytokine storm, endothelial inflammation and vascular injury, which can lead to different types of vasculitis. We present the first case of de novo MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis, which developed shortly after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, adequately responded to treatment, and subsequently relapsed after COVID-19 infection. With this case, we indicate an etiological connection between viral infection and disease development, as well as the possibility of a common immune mechanism between SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, that can stimulate vascular events and lead to vasculitis. There have been several case reports of de novo vasculitis, affecting large, medium, or small vessels, following either infection or vaccination against COVID-19, during the pandemic outbreak. We summarize previous reports and also analyze proposed pathogenic mechanisms between SARS-CoV-2 and vasculitis.
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31
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Magen E, Mukherjee S, Bhattacharya M, Detroja R, Merzon E, Blum I, Livoff A, Shlapobersky M, Baum G, Talisman R, Cherniavsky E, Dori A, Frenkel-Morgenstern M. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of a Rare Case of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Myositis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1135. [PMID: 35891299 PMCID: PMC9324661 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial clinical trials and surveillance data have shown that the most commonly administered BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is effective and safe. However, several cases of mRNA vaccine-induced mild to moderate adverse events were recently reported. Here, we report a rare case of myositis after injection of the first dose of BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine into the left deltoid muscle of a 34-year-old, previously healthy woman who presented progressive proximal muscle weakness, progressive dysphagia, and dyspnea with respiratory failure. One month after vaccination, BNT162b2 vaccine mRNA expression was detected in a tissue biopsy of the right deltoid and quadriceps muscles. We propose this case as a rare example of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced myositis. This study comprehensively characterizes the clinical and molecular features of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine-associated myositis in which the patient was severely affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Magen
- Medicine C Department, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel;
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel;
| | - Sumit Mukherjee
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.M.); (M.B.); (R.D.); (G.B.)
- Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Mahua Bhattacharya
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.M.); (M.B.); (R.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Rajesh Detroja
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.M.); (M.B.); (R.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Eugene Merzon
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv 6473817, Israel;
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Idan Blum
- Medicine C Department, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel;
| | - Alejandro Livoff
- Pathology Department, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel; (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Mark Shlapobersky
- Pathology Department, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel; (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Gideon Baum
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.M.); (M.B.); (R.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Ran Talisman
- Plastic Surgery Department, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel;
| | - Evgenia Cherniavsky
- Imaging Department, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel;
| | - Amir Dori
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel;
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Hsieh MH, Yamaguchi Y. Immune Response in Regard to Hypersensitivity Reactions after COVID-19 Vaccination. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071641. [PMID: 35884946 PMCID: PMC9312871 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus. This virus was first detected in December 2019, and the situation quickly escalated to cause a global pandemic within a few months. COVID-19 had caused more than 5.5 million deaths as of January 2022. Hence, the urgency of effective vaccination contributed to the fastest rate of vaccine development seen to date (i.e., within 1.5 years). Despite reports of good vaccine efficacy without severe systemic reactions at the clinical trial stage, hypersensitivity reactions have been reported following worldwide vaccination campaigns. We provide a brief review regarding the structure of SARS-CoV-2. We also review the most acceptable types of vaccines in terms of safety profiles, namely the BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and AZD1222 vaccines. This review aims to facilitate an understanding of the possible immune mechanisms regarding COVID-19-vaccination-related hypersensitivity reactions, such as thrombosis and thrombocytopenia, cutaneous adverse reactions, myocarditis, and perimyocarditis.
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Mahroum N, Lavine N, Ohayon A, Seida R, Alwani A, Alrais M, Zoubi M, Bragazzi NL. COVID-19 Vaccination and the Rate of Immune and Autoimmune Adverse Events Following Immunization: Insights From a Narrative Literature Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872683. [PMID: 35865539 PMCID: PMC9294236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their proven efficacy and huge contribution to the health of humankind, vaccines continue to be a source of concern for some individuals around the world. Vaccinations against COVID-19 increased the number of distressed people and intensified their distrust, particularly as the pandemic was still emerging and the populations were encouraged to be vaccinated under various slogans like "back to normal life" and "stop coronavirus", goals which are still to be achieved. As fear of vaccination-related adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) is the main reason for vaccine hesitancy, we reviewed immune and autoimmune AEFIs in particular, though very rare, as the most worrisome aspect of the vaccines. Among others, autoimmune AEFIs of the most commonly administered COVID-19 vaccines include neurological ones such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis, and Bell's palsy, as well as myocarditis. In addition, the newly introduced notion related to COVID-19 vaccines, "vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia/vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia" (VITT/VIPITT)", is of importance as well. Overviewing recent medical literature while focusing on the major immune and autoimmune AEFIs, demonstrating their rate of occurrence, presenting the cases reported, and their link to the specific type of COVID-19 vaccines represented the main aim of our work. In this narrative review, we illustrate the different vaccine types in current use, their associated immune and autoimmune AEFIs, with a focus on the 3 main COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1). While the rate of AEFIs is extremely low, addressing the issue in this manner, in our opinion, is the best strategy for coping with vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Mahroum
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Noy Lavine
- Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- St. George School of Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aviran Ohayon
- Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- St. George School of Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ravend Seida
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulkarim Alwani
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmoud Alrais
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Magdi Zoubi
- Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Şendur SN, Özmen F, Oğuz SH, İremli BG, Malkan ÜY, Gürlek A, Erbas T, Ünlütürk U. Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen Genotypes with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine-Induced Subacute Thyroiditis. Thyroid 2022; 32:640-647. [PMID: 35387473 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite mass vaccination, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine-induced subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is rarely seen as a complication. The reason why some individuals are susceptible to developing vaccine-induced SAT is not known. SAT develops in genetically predisposed individuals who carry specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes. It is unknown whether specific HLA alleles are associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced SAT. Objective: This study compared the HLA profiles of patients with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced SAT to controls, to assess whether there is an association between specific HLA genotypes and development of SAT. The relationship between HLA genotypes and the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced SAT was also evaluated. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in a Turkish tertiary care center. Fourteen patients with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced SAT and 100 healthy controls were included. HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1 frequencies were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Results: The frequencies of HLA-B*35 and HLA-C*04 alleles were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced SAT cohort when compared with controls (HLA-B*35: 13 [93%] vs. 40 [40%], p < 0.001; HLA-C*04: 13 [93%] vs. 43 [43%], p < 0.001, respectively). More severe thyrotoxicosis was seen in patients having HLA-B*35 and HLA-C*04 homozygous alleles (free thyroxine: 4.47 ng/dL [3.77-5.18] vs. 1.41 ng/dL [1.22-2.63], p = 0.048). Inflammation tended to be more severe in homozygous patients (C-reactive protein: 28.2 mg/dL [13.6-42.9] vs. 4.8 [1.2-10.5], p = 0.07). Conclusions: The frequencies of HLA-B*35 and HLA-C*04 alleles were higher in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced SAT compared with controls. Homozygosity for HLA-B*35 and HLA-C*04 was associated with thyrotoxicosis and a greater inflammatory reaction. Our findings should be confirmed in studies of other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Nahit Şendur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Füsun Özmen
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seda Hanife Oğuz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burçin Gönül İremli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ümit Yavuz Malkan
- Division of Hematology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alper Gürlek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tomris Erbas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uğur Ünlütürk
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Gedik B, Erol MK, Bulut M, Suren E, Bozdogan YC, Seymen B. Two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, two different side effects: Skin and eye. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:767-770. [PMID: 35659461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 47-year-old male patient presented to our clinic with the complaints of eye pain, reduced vision and redness in the right eye three days after administration of the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. The patient was diagnosed with uveitis associated with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and inflammatory glaucoma due to the uveitis. In addition, an erythematous, morbilliform rash had developed three days after the first dose of the vaccine. This is the first case report in the literature to show both skin and eye side effects after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gedik
- Antalya Serik State Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, 07500 Serik Antalya, Turkey.
| | - M K Erol
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M Bulut
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - E Suren
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Y C Bozdogan
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - B Seymen
- University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya, Turkey
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36
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Metin Z, Celepli P. A case of morphea following the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine: on the basis of viral spike proteins. Int J Dermatol 2022; 61:639-641. [PMID: 35073411 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Metin
- Department of Dermatology, Zonguldak Ataturk State Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Pinar Celepli
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Momenaei B, Cheraqpour K, Soleimani M, Tabatabaei SA, Shahriari M, Etesali H, Hussein A, Vaseghi Y, Ramezani B, Djalilian AR. Ophthalmic side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2022.2066523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bita Momenaei
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Cheraqpour
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleimani
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seyed Ali Tabatabaei
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoor Shahriari
- Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Etesali
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmed Hussein
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Vaseghi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Ramezani
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Ozdede A, Guner S, Ozcifci G, Yurttas B, Toker Dincer Z, Atli Z, Uygunoğlu U, Durmaz E, Uçar D, Uğurlu S, Saip S, Tabak F, Hamuryudan V, Seyahi E. Safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with Behcet’s syndrome and familial Mediterranean fever: a cross-sectional comparative study on the effects of M-RNA based and inactivated vaccine. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:973-987. [PMID: 35376962 PMCID: PMC8977433 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most of the published data relate to classical forms of rheumatic diseases (RD) and information on rare inflammatory disorders such as Behçet’s syndrome (BS) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is limited. We studied the frequency of side effects and disease flares after COVID-19 vaccination with either Pfizer/BioNTech or Sinovac/CoronaVac in 256 patients with BS, 247 with FMF, and 601 with RD. Telephone interviews were conducted using a questionnaire survey in a cross-sectional design in patients with BS, FMF, and RD followed by a single university hospital. Study participants were vaccinated either with CoronaVac (BS:109, FMF: 90, and RD: 343,) or BioNTech (BS: 147, FMF: 157 and RD: 258). The majority have received double dose (BS: 94.9%, FMF 92.3% and RD: 86.2%). BioNTech ensured a significantly better efficacy than CoronaVac against COVID-19 in all patient groups (BS: 1.4% vs 10.1%; FMF: 3.2% vs 12.2%, RD:2.7% vs 6.4%). Those with at least one adverse event (AE) were significantly more frequent among those vaccinated with BioNTech than those with CoronaVac (BS: 86.4% vs 45%; FMF: 83.4% vs 53.3%; and RD: 83.3% vs 45.5%). The majority of AEs were mild to moderate and transient and this was true for either vaccine. There were also AEs that required medical attention in all study groups following CoronaVac (BS: 5.5%, FMF: 3.3%, and RD:2.9%) or BioNTech (BS: 5.4%, FMF: 1.9%, and RD: 4.7%). The main causes for medical assistance were disease flare and cardiovascular events. Patients with BS (16.0%) and FMF (17.4%) were found to flare significantly more frequently when compared to those with RD (6.0%) (p < 0.001). This was true for either vaccine. BS patients reported mainly skin-mucosa lesions; there were however, 11 (4.3%) who developed major organ attack such as uveitis, thrombosis or stroke. Flare in FMF patients were associated mainly with acute serositis with or without fever. Arthralgia/arthritis or inflammatory back pain were observed mainly in the RD group. Our study demonstrates that BS and FMF patients vaccinated with either CoronaVac or BioNTech demonstrated similar AE profile and frequency compared to RD patients. AEs that required physician consultation or hospitalization occurred in all study groups after either CoronaVac or BioNTech. Increased frequency of flares in BS and FMF compared to that seen in RD might reflect defects in innate immunity and deserves further investigation. Caution should be required when monitoring these patients after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ozdede
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sabriye Guner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guzin Ozcifci
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Berna Yurttas
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Toker Dincer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Atli
- Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of Accounting and Taxation, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Uğur Uygunoğlu
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eser Durmaz
- Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didar Uçar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdal Uğurlu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sabahattin Saip
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fehmi Tabak
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vedat Hamuryudan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emire Seyahi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cole A, Thomas R, Goldman N, Howell K, Chakravarty K, Denton CP, Ong VH. Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis following SARS-Co V-2 vaccination. J Autoimmun 2022; 128:102812. [PMID: 35247654 PMCID: PMC8888103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The largest world-wide vaccination rollout ever is currently underway to tackle the covid-19 pandemic. We report a case of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (SSc) in a 70-year-old male with rapidly progressive skin thickening which developed two weeks after receiving the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 vaccine. As the onset of SSc skin was in close temporal proximity to the administration of the first dose vaccine with no other triggers, we suspected a possible adverse reaction to the ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 vaccine. We hypothesise that the recombinant adenoviral vector encoding the spike protein antigen of SARS-CoV-2 triggered an unexpected immune activation resulting in an atypical presentation of late-onset SSc, within the well-recognised ANA positive, ENA negative subgroup of patients.We review the possible mechanisms underlying autoimmunity when provoked by vaccination and other published rheumatological phenomenon occurring shortly after COVID vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cole
- UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, London, UK
| | - Rhys Thomas
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nina Goldman
- UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, London, UK
| | - Kevin Howell
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Voon H Ong
- UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, London, UK.
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40
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Luchetti Gentiloni MM, Paci V, Marconi V, Gigli M, Benfaremo D, Sordillo R, Macchini C, Massaccesi L, Perna GP, Offidani AM, Moroncini G. SARS-COV-2 Infection, Vaccination, and Immune-Mediated Diseases: Results of a Single-Center Retrospective Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859550. [PMID: 35386714 PMCID: PMC8977466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The relationship between infections or vaccine antigens and exacerbations or new onset of immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) has long been known. In this observational study, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, we evaluated the onset of clinical and laboratory immune manifestations related to COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods Four groups of patients were evaluated: A) 584 COVID-19 inpatients hospitalized from March 2020 to June 2020 and from November 2020 to May 2021; B) 135 outpatients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, assessed within 6 months of recovery; C) outpatients with IMDs in remission and flared after SARS-COV-2 infection; D) outpatients with symptoms of probable immune-mediated origin after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Results In cohort A we observed n. 28 (4.8%) arthralgia/myalgia, n. 2 (0.3%) arthritis, n. 3 (0.5%) pericarditis, n. 1 (0.2%) myocarditis, n. 11 (1.9%) thrombocytopenia or pancytopenia, and in the follow up cohort B we identified 9 (6.7%) cases of newly diagnosed IMDs after the recovery from COVID-19. In all cases, serological alterations were not observed.In cohort C we observed n.5 flares of pre-existing IMD after SARS-COV2 infection, and in the cohort D n. 13 IMD temporally close with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in 8 healthy subjects (with clinical classifiable IMD-like presentation) and in 5 patients affected by an anamnestic IMD. Also in these latter cases, except in 2 healthy subjects, there were not found serological alterations specific of a classifiable IMD. Conclusions This study suggests that the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the host may induce complex immune-mediated reactions, probably induced by the anti-spike antibodies, in healthy people and IMD patients without specific serological autoimmunity. Moreover, our data suggest that the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies generated by the vaccination may cause in healthy subjects' clinical manifestations similar to well-definite IMDs. These findings support the hypothesis that SARS-Cov2 infection in COVID-19 induce an innate and adaptive immune response that may be both responsible of the symptoms correlated with the occurrence of the IMDs described in our study. And, in this context, the IMDs observed in healthy people in close temporal correlation with the vaccination suggest that the anti-Spike antibodies may play a key role in the induction of an abnormal and deregulated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Maria Luchetti Gentiloni
- Clinica Medica, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentino Paci
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Marconi
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Gigli
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Devis Benfaremo
- Clinica Medica, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Sordillo
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Macchini
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Massaccesi
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gian Piero Perna
- Cardiologia Subintensiva, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Offidani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- Clinica Dermatologica, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Clinica Medica, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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Roongta R, Mondal S, Haldar S, Kumar MS, Ghosh A. Two flares of Still’s disease after two doses of the ChAdOx1 vaccine. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:1591-1596. [PMID: 35249157 PMCID: PMC8898172 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of an 18-year-old male with Still’s disease for the last 3 years, in remission, who developed two flares of his disease after receiving two doses of the ChAdOX1 nCoV-19 vaccine. While the first flare was mild requiring steroid initiation and resolved rapidly, the second flare after the second dose was much severe, requiring pulse steroid and tocilizumab. We also review three reported cases of flares of Still’s disease after COVID-19 vaccination. The temporal association of the flares with both vaccine doses strengthens the association between the vaccine administration and the flare. The proposed mechanism may be due to activation of the innate immune system by the vaccine adjuvants. This review serves to inform the medical community regarding a possible role of the vaccine in producing a systemic inflammatory response. Early detection and treatment can help reduce morbidity in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Roongta
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244, A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020 West Bengal India
| | - Sumantro Mondal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244, A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020 West Bengal India
| | - Subhankar Haldar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244, A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020 West Bengal India
| | - Mavidi Sunil Kumar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244, A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020 West Bengal India
| | - Alakendu Ghosh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, 244, A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020 West Bengal India
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Taşcı İ, Uğur K. A Case of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome After COVID-19 Vaccination and Possible Mechanisms of Vaccines in the Formation of This Syndrome. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2022; 32:89-92. [PMID: 38764902 PMCID: PMC11099655 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2022.21288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is characterized by muscle stiffness, hyperthermia, autonomic dysfunction, elevation in serum creatine phosphokinase, and changes in consciousness, which usually occur due to the side effects of life-threatening neuroleptic and antipsychotic drugs, and it can cause high mortality. A few cases of neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with coronavirus disease 2019 infection and vaccination have been reported in the literature. Our case presented with epileptic seizure and neuroleptic malignant syndrome signs 10 days after receiving a single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine when under low-dose olanzapine treatment with a diagnosis of autism and epilepsy. According to the laboratory test, the creatine kinase value was very high, there was hyponatremia, and the iron value was low. The patient died. Our aim in reporting this case is to draw attention to the possibility that coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines may trigger neuroleptic malignant syndrome, which can be a fatal complication in patients taking antipsychotics, albeit very rare among the large vaccinated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Taşcı
- Department of Neurology, Malatya Turgut Özal University Medical School, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Kerim Uğur
- Department of Psychiatry, Malatya Turgut Özal University Medical School, Malatya, Turkey
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Intracellular Reverse Transcription of Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 In Vitro in Human Liver Cell Line. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1115-1126. [PMID: 35723296 PMCID: PMC8946961 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2, developed by Pfizer and BioNTech, showed reversible hepatic effects in animals that received the BNT162b2 injection. Furthermore, a recent study showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be reverse-transcribed and integrated into the genome of human cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of BNT162b2 on the human liver cell line Huh7 in vitro. Huh7 cells were exposed to BNT162b2, and quantitative PCR was performed on RNA extracted from the cells. We detected high levels of BNT162b2 in Huh7 cells and changes in gene expression of long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1), which is an endogenous reverse transcriptase. Immunohistochemistry using antibody binding to LINE-1 open reading frame-1 RNA-binding protein (ORFp1) on Huh7 cells treated with BNT162b2 indicated increased nucleus distribution of LINE-1. PCR on genomic DNA of Huh7 cells exposed to BNT162b2 amplified the DNA sequence unique to BNT162b2. Our results indicate a fast up-take of BNT162b2 into human liver cell line Huh7, leading to changes in LINE-1 expression and distribution. We also show that BNT162b2 mRNA is reverse transcribed intracellularly into DNA in as fast as 6 h upon BNT162b2 exposure.
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44
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Ocular Complications Following Vaccination for COVID-19: A One-Year Retrospective. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020342. [PMID: 35214800 PMCID: PMC8875181 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination efforts as a mitigation strategy in the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are fully underway. A vital component of understanding the optimal clinical use of these vaccines is a thorough investigation of adverse events following vaccination. To date, some limited reports and reviews have discussed ocular adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination, but a systematic review detailing these reports with manifestations and clinical courses as well as proposed mechanisms has yet to be published. This comprehensive review one-year into vaccination efforts against COVID-19 is meant to furnish sound understanding for ophthalmologists and primary care physicians based on the existing body of clinical data. We discuss manifestations categorized into one of the following: eyelid, orbit, uveitis, retina, vascular, neuro-ophthalmology, ocular motility disorders, and other.
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Actis GC, Ribaldone DG, Pellicano R. COVID vaccine's hot problems: erratic serious blood clotting, ill-defined prion-like reactogenicity of the spike, unclear roles of other factors. Minerva Med 2022; 112:695-697. [PMID: 35168305 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide G Ribaldone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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46
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Abstract
A favorable outcome of the COVID-19 crisis might be achieved with massive vaccination. The proposed vaccines contain several different vaccine active principles (VAP), such as inactivated virus, antigen, mRNA, and DNA, which are associated with either standard adjuvants or nanomaterials (NM) such as liposomes in Moderna's and BioNTech/Pfizer's vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine adjuvants may be chosen among liposomes or other types of NM composed for example of graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, micelles, exosomes, membrane vesicles, polymers, or metallic NM, taking inspiration from cancer nano-vaccines, whose adjuvants may share some of their properties with those of viral vaccines. The mechanisms of action of nano-adjuvants are based on the facilitation by NM of targeting certain regions of immune interest such as the mucus, lymph nodes, and zones of infection or blood irrigation, the possible modulation of the type of attachment of the VAP to NM, in particular VAP positioning on the NM external surface to favor VAP presentation to antigen presenting cells (APC) or VAP encapsulation within NM to prevent VAP degradation, and the possibility to adjust the nature of the immune response by tuning the physico-chemical properties of NM such as their size, surface charge, or composition. The use of NM as adjuvants or the presence of nano-dimensions in COVID-19 vaccines does not only have the potential to improve the vaccine benefit/risk ratio, but also to reduce the dose of vaccine necessary to reach full efficacy. It could therefore ease the overall spread of COVID-19 vaccines within a sufficiently large portion of the world population to exit the current crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Alphandéry
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France. .,Nanobacterie SARL, 36 Boulevard Flandrin, 75116, Paris, France.,Institute of Anatomy, UZH University of Zurich, Instiute of Anatomy, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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47
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Bindoli S, Giollo A, Galozzi P, Doria A, Sfriso P. Hyperinflammation after anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA/DNA vaccines successfully treated with anakinra: Case series and literature review. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:338-344. [PMID: 35068221 PMCID: PMC8899337 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211070290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic diffused worldwide has encouraged the rapid development of vaccines to counter the spread of the virus. At present in Italy, 75.01% of the population completed the vaccination course (AIFA.gov.it) and very few adverse events have been recorded by now. Side-effects related to a theoretical over-reaction of the immune system in response to vaccines administration have been described, and the possibility that an autoimmune or a hyperinflammatory condition may occur was recently observed. Herein, we report four cases of hyperinflammatory syndrome with features indicative of Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), occurred after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine injection and seen at our Unit between March and May 2021. Since interleukin (IL)-1 is one of the pivotal cytokines involved in AOSD pathogenesis, the inhibition of IL-1 is crucial in ameliorating the clinical symptoms of those patients. Moreover, it has been highlighted the central role of IL-1 as a hallmark of the hyperinflammatory status elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this case series, we successfully employed the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra to curb the cytokine release likely unleashed by the vaccine stimulation in potentially predisposed subjects. We also made a literature search to detect other patients with hyperinflammation temporally related to vaccines injection who benefited from IL-1 inhibition, while other AOSD/MAS-like described syndromes improved with other immunomodulatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bindoli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giollo
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Galozzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Elkharsawi A, Arnim UV, Schmelz R, Sander C, Stallmach A, Teich N, Walldorf J, Reuken PA. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination does not induce relapses of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:77-80. [PMID: 35042256 DOI: 10.1055/a-1710-3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is a promising strategy to protect immunocompromised IBD patients from a severe course of COVID-19. As these patients were excluded from initial clinical vaccination trials, patients frequently express concerns regarding the safety of these vaccines, especially whether vaccination might trigger IBD flares ("hit-and-run-hypothesis"). METHODS In order to assess the risk of an IBD flare after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, an anonymous survey was performed at five German IBD centers and one patient organization (Deutsche Morbus Crohn/Colitis ulcerosa Vereinigung (DCCV) e.V.) in August and October 2021. RESULTS The questionnaire was answered by 914 patients, 781 of whom reported a previous vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (85.4%). Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 was not associated with an increased risk of IBD flares (p=0.319) or unscheduled visits to the IBD physician (p=0.848). Furthermore, typical symptoms of an IBD flare including abdominal pain, increases in stool frequency, or rectal bleeding were not influenced by the vaccination. CONCLUSION Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is safe in IBD patients. These results may help to reduce fears regarding the vaccination in IBD patients. Our results can help to reduce fears in IBD patients regarding the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. A close communication between patients and physicians before and after the vaccination may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkharsawi
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike von Arnim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious diseases, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg AöR, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renate Schmelz
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelia Sander
- Deutsche Morbus Crohn/Colitis Ulcerosa Vereinigung e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Niels Teich
- Internistische Gemeinschaftspraxis für Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Walldorf
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Philipp A Reuken
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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COVID-19 vaccine and autoimmunity. A new case of autoimmune hepatitis and review of the literature. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 5:100140. [PMID: 35013724 PMCID: PMC8730708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity following COVID-19 vaccination has been reported. Herein, a 79-year-old man with clinical and immunological features of autoimmune hepatitis type 1 after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination is presented. Clinical manifestations rapidly remitted after the instauration of immunomodulatory management. This case, together with a comprehensive review of the literature, illustrates the association between COVID-19 vaccines and the development of autoimmune conditions.
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Kikkawa D, Park K, Fung S, Ting M, Ozzello D, Yoon J, Liu C, Korn B. Thyroid eye disease reactivation associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2022; 12:93-96. [PMID: 35399967 PMCID: PMC8988971 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_61_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To describe the presentation of both new-onset and reactivation of thyroid eye disease (TED) following COVID-19 vaccination. Single-institution retrospective case series of patients presenting with symptoms and signs of new or reactivated TED coinciding with recent COVID-19 vaccination. Data collected included patient age, gender, presenting symptoms, ocular history, clinical signs, and interval duration between vaccination and onset of ocular symptoms. Three female patients were identified. All patients were over 18 years of age (range 45–66 years). Patients received either the Moderna or Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine and presented with symptoms of TED within 24 h to 21 days of receiving their first or second dose. None of the patients had previous infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Two patients had a history of inactive TED with stable thyroid function tests: One of these patients had stable disease for at least 15 years and the other had stable disease for 5 years. The third patient had no previous history of thyroid dysfunction or TED and presented with low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. All three cases presented with proptosis. In two of three cases, periorbital edema, eyelid retraction, and diplopia were present. None were current smokers. One had prior facial hyaluronic acid filler injections. Symptoms in all cases were improving at 4 to 8 months. While the possibility of unrelated TED flaring concurrently with COVID-19 vaccination exists, questions remain on the effects of the COVID-19 vaccine in patients with autoimmune ophthalmic diseases. Physicians should be aware of this potential association and counsel patients appropriately.
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