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Li T, Dou Y, Ji J, Chen H, Zhu S, Wang M, Xiong Y, Wang Z, Shan J, Qian K, An L, Lin L, Wang S, Dai Q. Lipidomics reveals the serum profiles of pediatric allergic rhinitis and its severity. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5927. [PMID: 38866427 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent upper airway chronic inflammatory disease in children worldwide. The role of bioactive lipids in the regulation of AR has been recognized, but the underlying serum lipidomic basis of its pathology remains unclear. We utilized ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/mass spectrometry (MS) to investigate the serum lipidomic profiles of children with AR. The lipidomic analysis identified 42 lipids that were differentially expressed (p < 0.05, fold change > 2) between the AR (n = 75) and normal control groups (n = 44). Specifically, the serum levels of diacylglycerol (DG), triacylglycerol (TG), fatty acid (FA), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, and cardiolipins were significantly higher in the AR group. The diagnostic potential of the identified lipids was further evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The analysis revealed that five lipids, including FA 30:7, LPC O-18:1, LPC 18:0, LPC 16:0, and DG 34:0, had area under the curve values greater than 0.9 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, serum levels of IgE and IL-33, markers of AR severity, were found to have a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with DGs, LPCs, TGs, and FAs in AR patients. This study revealed the lipid disorders associated with AR and its severity, providing new insights into the pathological process of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhu Dou
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoyun Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingcai Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Li An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shouchuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qigang Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Kang MH, Bae YS. IL-33 and IL-33-derived DC-based tumor immunotherapy. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1340-1347. [PMID: 38825642 PMCID: PMC11263671 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family, is a cytokine released in response to tissue damage and is recognized as an alarmin. The multifaceted roles of IL-33 in tumor progression have sparked controversy within the scientific community. However, most findings generally indicate that endogenous IL-33 has a protumor effect, while exogenous IL-33 often has an antitumor effect in most cases. This review covers the general characteristics of IL-33 and its effects on tumor growth, with detailed information on the immunological mechanisms associated with dendritic cells (DCs). Notably, DCs possess the capability to uptake, process, and present antigens to CD8+ T cells, positioning them as professional antigen-presenting cells. Recent findings from our research highlight the direct association between the tumor-suppressive effects of exogenous IL-33 and a novel subset of highly immunogenic cDC1s. Exogenous IL-33 induces the development of these highly immunogenic cDC1s through the activation of other ST2+ immune cells both in vivo and in vitro. Recognizing the pivotal role of the immunogenicity of DC vaccines in DC-based tumor immunotherapy, we propose compelling methods to enhance this immunogenicity through the addition of IL-33 and the promotion of highly immunogenic DC generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Ho Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Immune Research on Non-Lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Immune Research on Non-Lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Kang JY, Choi MR, Kim YM. Nasal instillation of povidone-iodine ameliorates ongoing mucosal inflammation in a pre-sensitized murine model of Der p1-induced allergic rhinitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:1046-1057. [PMID: 38078671 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-33, when cleaved into smaller fragments by proteases, becomes hyperactive, contributing to allergic inflammation. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is an iodine-based compound that exhibits antimicrobial properties and inhibits proteases. This study aimed to investigate whether PVP-I treatment inhibits IL-33 cleavage, improves allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms, and suppresses allergic inflammation in a mouse model. METHODS In vitro experiments using full-length recombinant human IL-33 and allergens, including house dust mites or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1, were conducted using western blotting. Fifty BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: control (CON), AR with phosphate-buffered saline treatment (AR), PVP-I treatment (AR + PVP), trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane (E64) treatment (AR + E64), and dexamethasone treatment (AR + Dexa). Nasal symptom scores, including rubbing and sneezing, were measured. The cytokine levels in the nasal lavage fluid (NLF) and the concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood serum were assessed. Nasal mucosa from each group was used for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and histological analyses were conducted. RESULTS PVP-I treatment reduced nasal symptoms, suppressed allergic inflammation, and decreased the levels of IL-33, IL-5, and IL-13 in the NLF and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and specific IgE in the serum. Histopathological analysis revealed a reduction in the number of eosinophils and goblet cells in the nasal mucosa of the AR + PVP group when compared to the AR group. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the downregulation of genes and proteins associated with allergic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that nasal irrigation with PVP-I may be a promising therapeutic option for managing AR by inhibiting IL-33 activation and suppressing allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yoon Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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He BX, Fang SB, Xie YC, Lou DX, Wu ZC, Li CG, Liu XQ, Zhou ZR, Huang LX, Tian T, Chen DH, Fu QL. Small extracellular vesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells prevent Th17-dominant neutrophilic airway inflammation via immunoregulation on Th17 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112126. [PMID: 38669946 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Type 17 helper T cells (Th17)-dominant neutrophilic airway inflammation is critical in the pathogenesis of steroid-resistant airway inflammation such as severe asthma. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display extensive therapeutic effects and advantages in many diseases. However, the role of MSC-sEV in Th17-dominant neutrophilic airway inflammation and the related mechanisms are still poorly studied. Here we found that MSC-sEV significantly alleviated the infiltration of inflammatory cells in peribronchial interstitial tissues and reduced levels of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of mice with neutrophilic airway inflammation. Consistently, MSC-sEV significantly decreased levels of IL-17A in BALF and Th17 in lung tissues. Furthermore, we found that labelled MSC-sEV were taken up by human CD4+ T cells most obviously at 12 h after incubation, and distributed mostly in mouse lungs. More importantly, potential signaling pathways involved in the MSC-sEV mediated inhibition of Th17 polarization were found using RNA sequencing. Using Western blot, JAK2-STAT3 pathway was identified as an important role in the inhibition of Th17 polarization by MSC-sEV. We found that proteins in MSC-sEV were mostly involved in the therapeutic effects of MSC-sEV. In total, our study suggested that MSC-sEV could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neutrophilic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Xin He
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Bing Fang
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Chun Xie
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Xiao Lou
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zi-Cong Wu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chan-Gu Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Rou Zhou
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long-Xin Huang
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Hua Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Kumar B, Deshmukh R. A Review on Novel Therapeutic Modalities and Evidence-based Drug Treatments against Allergic Rhinitis. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:887-901. [PMID: 38486383 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128295952240306072100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated atopic disease that occurs due to inhaled antigens in the immediate phase. Misdiagnosis, insufficient treatment, or no treatment at all are frequent problems associated with the widespread condition known as chronic allergic rhinitis. AR symptoms include runny, itchy, stuffy, and sneezing noses. Asthma and nasal polyps, for example, sometimes occur simultaneously in patients. In order for people living with AR to be as comfortable and productive as possible, treatment should center on reducing their symptoms. The online sources and literature, such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Medline, were reviewed to gather information regarding therapeutic modalities of AR and evidence-based treatments for the disease as the objectives of the present study. An increasing number of people are suffering from AR, resulting in a heavy financial and medical burden on healthcare systems around the world. Undertreating AR frequently results in a decline in quality of life. Treatment compliance is a critical challenge in the administration of AR. Innovative therapies are needed for RA to provide patients with symptom alleviation that is less expensive, more effective, and longer duration of action. Evidence-based guidelines are helpful for managing AR illness. Treating AR according to evidence-based standards can help in disease management. AR treatment includes allergen avoidance, drug therapy, immunotherapy, patient education, and follow-up. However, AR treatment with intranasal corticosteroids is more popular. Hence, in this review article, treatment options for AR are discussed in depth. We also discussed the incidence, causes, and new treatments for this clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Rohitas Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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Yu W, Du J, Peng L, Zhang T. RORα overexpression reduced interleukin-33 expression and prevented mast cell degranulation and inflammation by inducing autophagy in allergic rhinitis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1017. [PMID: 37904695 PMCID: PMC10580702 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid acid receptor related orphan receptor α (RORα) is a nuclear receptor that along with other bioactive factors regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulation in vivo. AIMS The objective of this study was to explore the function and mechanism of RORα in allergic rhinitis (AR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Derp1 was used to construct an AR cell model in HNEpC cells, and RORα was overexpressed or silenced in the AR HNEpC cells. Next, LAD2 cells were co-cultured with the Derp1-treated HNEpC cells. Additionally, an AR mouse model was established using by OVA, and a RORα Adenovirus was delivered by nebulizing. Pathological tissue structures were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the levels of RORα, interleukin-33 (IL-33), and other proteins were analyzed immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. IL-33, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and cell migration was assessed by Transwell assays. RESULTS Our data showed that RORα was downregulated in the nasal mucosa tissues of AR patients. Derp1 treatment could cause a downregulation of RORα, upregulation of IL-33, the induction of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and cell migration in HNEpC cells. Furthermore, RORα overexpression dramatically attenuated IL-33 levels, NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and the migration of AR HNEpC cells induced with Derp1. Moreover, RORα in AR HNEpC cells could prevent mast cell (MC) degranulation and inflammation by accelerating autophagy, RORα overexpression inhibited MC degranulation and NLRP3-induced inflammation in the AR model mice. RORα overexpression reduced IL-33 expression in nasal epithelial cells, and also suppressed MC degranulation and inflammation by promoting autophagy. CONCLUSION RORα inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome in HNEpC, and attenuated mast cells degranulation and inflammation through autophagy in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangbo Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Jingwei Du
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical CollegeNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences,North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Súkeníková L, Černý V, Thon T, Roubalová R, Jirásková Zákostelská Z, Novotná O, Petrásková P, Boráková K, Kocourková I, Lodinová-Žádníková R, Musil Z, Kolářová L, Prokešová L, Valenta Z, Hrdý J. Effect of early postnatal supplementation of newborns with probiotic strain E. coli O83:K24:H31 on allergy incidence, dendritic cells, and microbiota. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1038328. [PMID: 36703968 PMCID: PMC9872645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotic administration seems to be a rational approach to promote maturation of the neonatal immune system. Mutual interaction of the microbiota with the host immune system is critical for the setting of appropriate immune responses including a tolerogenic one and thevmaintenance of homeostasis. On the other hand, our knowledge on the modes of actions of probiotics is still scarce. Methods In our study, probiotic strain Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83) was administered to neonates of allergic mothers (AMs; neonates with increased risk for allergy development) within 48 h after the delivery, and the impact of this early postnatal supplementation on allergy incidence and selected immune markers has been analyzed 10 years after the primary EcO83 administration. Results We have observed decreased allergy incidence in 10-year-old children supplemented with EcO83 (13 of 52 children were allergic) in comparison with non-supplemented children of AMs (16 of 42 children were allergic). The early postnatal EcO83 supplementation appeared to limit the allergy in the high-risk group (children of AMs) compared to that in the low-risk group (children of healthy mothers). Dendritic cells (DCs) in the peripheral blood of EcO83-supplemented children do not differ significantly in cell surface presence of CD83. The immunomodulatory capacity of EcO83 on DCs was tested in vitro as well. Both directly isolated myeloid and in vitro monocyte-derived DCs from cord blood increased CD83 expression together with interleukin (IL)-10 secretion after EcO83 stimulation. The effect of early postnatal EcO83 supplementation on the microbiota composition of 10-year-old children was characterized by next-generation sequencing, and we have not observed significant changes in the microbiota composition of EcO83-supplemented and non-supplemented children at the age of 10 years. Conclusions Early postnatal EcO83 supplementation appears to lower allergy incidence in children of AMs. It seems that the beneficial effect of EcO83 is mediated via modulation of DC functional capacities without impacting the microbiota composition. Larger-scale studies will be necessary to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Súkeníková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktor Černý
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Thon
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radka Roubalová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Olga Novotná
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Petrásková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kristýna Boráková
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ingrid Kocourková
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Zdeněk Musil
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Libuše Kolářová
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ludmila Prokešová
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdeněk Valenta
- Department of Statistical Modelling, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Hrdý
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: Jiří Hrdý,
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Zhang Y, Lan F, Zhang L. Update on pathomechanisms and treatments in allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2022; 77:3309-3319. [PMID: 35892225 DOI: 10.1111/all.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem with increasing prevalence and association with an enormous medical and socioeconomic burden. New recognition of immune cells such as type 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s), T helper (Th2) 2 cells, follicular helper T cells, follicular regulatory T cells, regulatory T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells in AR pathogenesis has been updated in this review paper. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying AR will aid the identification of biomarkers associated with disease and ultimately provide valuable parameters critical to guide personalized targeted therapy. As the only etiological treatment option for AR, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has attracted increasing attention, with evidence for effectiveness of AIT recently demonstrated in several randomized controlled trials and long-term real-life studies. The exploration of biologics as therapeutic options has only involved anti-IgE and anti-type 2 inflammatory agents; however, the cost-effectiveness of these agents remains to be elucidated precisely. In the midst of the currently on-going COVID-19 pandemic, a global life-threatening disease, although some studies have indicated that AR is not a risk factor for severity and mortality of COVID-19, this needs to be confirmed in multi-centre, real-life studies of AR patients from different parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Di Carmine S, Scott MM, McLean MH, McSorley HJ. The role of interleukin-33 in organ fibrosis. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 1:kyac006. [PMID: 38566909 PMCID: PMC10917208 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is highly expressed in the nucleus of cells present at barrier sites and signals via the ST2 receptor. IL-33 signalling via ST2 is essential for return to tissue homeostasis after acute inflammation, promoting fibrinogenesis and wound healing at injury sites. However, this wound-healing response becomes aberrant during chronic or sustained inflammation, leading to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) release, excessive extracellular matrix deposition, and fibrosis. This review addresses the role of the IL-33 pathway in fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver, gastrointestinal tract, skin, kidney and heart. In the lung and liver, IL-33 release leads to the activation of pro-fibrotic TGF-β, and in these sites, IL-33 has clear pro-fibrotic roles. In the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and kidney, the role of IL-33 is more complex, being both pro-fibrotic and tissue protective. Finally, in the heart, IL-33 serves cardioprotective functions by favouring tissue healing and preventing cardiomyocyte death. Altogether, this review indicates the presence of an unclear and delicate balance between resolving and pro-fibrotic capabilities of IL-33, which has a central role in the modulation of type 2 inflammation and fibrosis in response to tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Di Carmine
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Molly M Scott
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Mairi H McLean
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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