1
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Nagai H, Adachi Y, Nakasugi T, Takigawa E, Ui J, Makino T, Miura M, Nakajima YI. Highly regenerative species-specific genes improve age-associated features in the adult Drosophila midgut. BMC Biol 2024; 22:157. [PMID: 39090637 PMCID: PMC11295675 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The remarkable regenerative abilities observed in planarians and cnidarians are closely linked to the active proliferation of adult stem cells and the precise differentiation of their progeny, both of which typically deteriorate during aging in low regenerative animals. While regeneration-specific genes conserved in highly regenerative organisms may confer regenerative abilities and long-term maintenance of tissue homeostasis, it remains unclear whether introducing these regenerative genes into low regenerative animals can improve their regeneration and aging processes. RESULTS Here, we ectopically express highly regenerative species-specific JmjC domain-encoding genes (HRJDs) in Drosophila, a widely used low regenerative model organism. Surprisingly, HRJD expression impedes tissue regeneration in the developing wing disc but extends organismal lifespan when expressed in the intestinal stem cell lineages of the adult midgut under non-regenerative conditions. Notably, HRJDs enhance the proliferative activity of intestinal stem cells while maintaining their differentiation fidelity, ameliorating age-related decline in gut barrier functions. CONCLUSIONS These findings together suggest that the introduction of highly regenerative species-specific genes can improve stem cell functions and promote a healthy lifespan when expressed in aging animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nagai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Yuya Adachi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tenki Nakasugi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ema Takigawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junichiro Ui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Makino
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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2
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Wang L, Zhang C, Fan S, Wang J, Zhou W, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Wang Q, Liu W, Dai X. Chitosan oligosaccharide improves intestinal homeostasis to achieve the protection for the epithelial barrier of female Drosophila melanogaster via regulating intestinal microflora. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0363923. [PMID: 38411050 PMCID: PMC10986574 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03639-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a new type of marine functional oligosaccharide with biological activities such as regulating intestinal microflora and improving intestinal immunity. In this study, female Drosophila melanogaster was used as a model organism to evaluate the effect of COS on intestinal injury by H2O2 induction, and its mechanism was explored through the analysis of intestinal homeostasis. The results showed that 0.25% of COS could effectively prolong the lifespan of stressed female D. melanogaster by increasing its antioxidant capacity and maintaining intestinal homeostasis, which included protecting the mechanical barrier, promoting the chemical barrier, and regulating the biological barrier by affecting its autophagy and the antioxidant signaling pathway. Additionally, the protective effect of COS on the intestinal barrier and homeostasis of D. melanogaster under oxidative stress status is directly related to its regulation of the intestinal microflora, which could decrease excessive autophagy and activate the antioxidant system to promote health. IMPORTANCE The epithelial barrier plays an important role in the organism's health. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a new potential prebiotic, exhibits excellent antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory effects. Our study elucidated the protective mechanisms of COS on the intestinal barrier of Drosophila melanogaster under oxidative stress, which could provide new insights into COS application in various industries, such as food, agriculture, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuhang Fan
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Weihao Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianna Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianjun Dai
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Choi R, Bodkhe R, Pees B, Kim D, Berg M, Monnin D, Cho J, Narayan V, Deller E, Savage-Dunn C, Shapira M. An Enterobacteriaceae bloom in aging animals is restrained by the gut microbiome. AGING BIOLOGY 2024; 2:20240024. [PMID: 38736850 PMCID: PMC11085993 DOI: 10.59368/agingbio.20240024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays important roles in host function and health. Core microbiomes have been described for different species, and imbalances in their composition, known as dysbiosis, are associated with pathology. Changes in the gut microbiome and dysbiosis are common in aging, possibly due to multi-tissue deterioration, which includes metabolic shifts, dysregulated immunity, and disrupted epithelial barriers. However, the characteristics of these changes, as reported in different studies, are varied and sometimes conflicting. Using clonal populations of Caenorhabditis elegans to highlight trends shared among individuals, we employed 16s rRNA gene sequencing, CFU counts and fluorescent imaging, identifying an Enterobacteriaceae bloom as a common denominator in aging animals. Experiments using Enterobacter hormaechei, a representative commensal, suggested that the Enterobacteriaceae bloom was facilitated by a decline in Sma/BMP immune signaling in aging animals and demonstrated its potential for exacerbating infection susceptibility. However, such detrimental effects were context-dependent, mitigated by competition with commensal communities, highlighting the latter as determinants of healthy versus unhealthy aging, depending on their ability to restrain opportunistic pathobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Choi
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Bodkhe
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Pees
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dan Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Maureen Berg
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David Monnin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Juhyun Cho
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ethan Deller
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cathy Savage-Dunn
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing NY, USA
| | - Michael Shapira
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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4
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Ureña E, Xu B, Regan JC, Atilano ML, Minkley LJ, Filer D, Lu YX, Bolukbasi E, Khericha M, Alic N, Partridge L. Trametinib ameliorates aging-associated gut pathology in Drosophila females by reducing Pol III activity in intestinal stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311313121. [PMID: 38241436 PMCID: PMC10823232 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311313121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological therapies are promising interventions to slow down aging and reduce multimorbidity in the elderly. Studies in animal models are the first step toward translation of candidate molecules into human therapies, as they aim to elucidate the molecular pathways, cellular mechanisms, and tissue pathologies involved in the anti-aging effects. Trametinib, an allosteric inhibitor of MEK within the Ras/MAPK (Ras/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) pathway and currently used as an anti-cancer treatment, emerged as a geroprotector candidate because it extended lifespan in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we confirm that trametinib consistently and robustly extends female lifespan, and reduces intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, tumor formation, tissue dysplasia, and barrier disruption in guts in aged flies. In contrast, pro-longevity effects of trametinib are weak and inconsistent in males, and it does not influence gut homeostasis. Inhibition of the Ras/MAPK pathway specifically in ISCs is sufficient to partially recapitulate the effects of trametinib. Moreover, in ISCs, trametinib decreases the activity of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III), a conserved enzyme synthesizing transfer RNAs and other short, non-coding RNAs, and whose inhibition also extends lifespan and reduces gut pathology. Finally, we show that the pro-longevity effect of trametinib in ISCs is partially mediated by Maf1, a repressor of Pol III, suggesting a life-limiting Ras/MAPK-Maf1-Pol III axis in these cells. The mechanism of action described in this work paves the way for further studies on the anti-aging effects of trametinib in mammals and shows its potential for clinical application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Ureña
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Bowen Xu
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer C. Regan
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Magda L. Atilano
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy J. Minkley
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Danny Filer
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Xuan Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, CologneD-50931, Germany
| | - Ekin Bolukbasi
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Mobina Khericha
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Nazif Alic
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, CologneD-50931, Germany
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5
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Homolak J. Gastrointestinal redox homeostasis in ageing. Biogerontology 2023; 24:741-752. [PMID: 37436501 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) barrier acts as the primary interface between humans and the external environment. It constantly faces the risk of inflammation and oxidative stress due to exposure to foreign substances and microorganisms. Thus, maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the GI barrier is crucial for overall well-being, as it helps prevent systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which are major contributors to age-related diseases. A healthy gut relies on maintaining gut redox homeostasis, which involves several essential elements. Firstly, it requires establishing a baseline electrophilic tone and an electrophilic mucosal gradient. Secondly, the electrophilic system needs to have sufficient capacity to generate reactive oxygen species, enabling effective elimination of invading microorganisms and rapid restoration of the barrier integrity following breaches. These elements depend on physiological redox signaling mediated by electrophilic pathways such as NOX2 and the H2O2 pathway. Additionally, the nucleophilic arm of redox homeostasis should exhibit sufficient reactivity to restore the redox balance after an electrophilic surge. Factors contributing to the nucleophilic arm include the availability of reductive substrates and redox signaling mediated by the cytoprotective Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Future research should focus on identifying preventive and therapeutic strategies that enhance the strength and responsiveness of GI redox homeostasis. These strategies aim to reduce the vulnerability of the gut to harmful stimuli and address the decline in reactivity often observed during the aging process. By strengthening GI redox homeostasis, we can potentially mitigate the risks associated with age-related gut dyshomeostasis and optimize overall health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 11, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 12, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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6
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Dornan AJ, Halberg KV, Beuter LK, Davies SA, Dow JAT. Compromised junctional integrity phenocopies age-dependent renal dysfunction in Drosophila Snakeskin mutants. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261118. [PMID: 37694602 PMCID: PMC10565245 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transporting epithelia provide a protective barrier against pathogenic insults while allowing the controlled exchange of ions, solutes and water with the external environment. In invertebrates, these functions depend on formation and maintenance of 'tight' septate junctions (SJs). However, the mechanism by which SJs affect transport competence and tissue homeostasis, and how these are modulated by ageing, remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that the Drosophila renal (Malpighian) tubules undergo an age-dependent decline in secretory capacity, which correlates with mislocalisation of SJ proteins and progressive degeneration in cellular morphology and tissue homeostasis. Acute loss of the SJ protein Snakeskin in adult tubules induced progressive changes in cellular and tissue architecture, including altered expression and localisation of junctional proteins with concomitant loss of cell polarity and barrier integrity, demonstrating that compromised junctional integrity is sufficient to replicate these ageing-related phenotypes. Taken together, our work demonstrates a crucial link between epithelial barrier integrity, tubule transport competence, renal homeostasis and organismal viability, as well as providing novel insights into the mechanisms underpinning ageing and renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Dornan
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kenneth V. Halberg
- Section for Cell and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Liesa-Kristin Beuter
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Shireen-Anne Davies
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Julian A. T. Dow
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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7
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Zhang XQ, Yang R, Jin L, Li GQ. Requirement of Snakeskin for normal functions of midgut and Malpighian tubules in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22033. [PMID: 37401505 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Septate junctions (SJs) are located between epithelial cells and play crucial roles in epithelial barrier formation and epithelia cell homeostasis. Nevertheless, the molecular constituents, especially those related to smooth SJs (sSJs), have not been well explored in non-Drosophilid insects. A putative integral membrane protein Snakeskin (Ssk) was identified in a Coleoptera foliar pest Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. RNA interference-aided knockdown of Hvssk at the third-instar larval stage arrested larval development. Most resultant larvae failed to shed larval exuviae until their death. Silence of Hvssk at the fourth-instar larvae inhibited the growth and reduced foliage consumption. Dissection and microscopic observation revealed that compromised expression of Hvssk caused obvious phenotypic defects in the midgut. A great number of morphologically abnormal columnar epithelial cells accumulated throughout the midgut lumen. Moreover, numerous vesicles were observed in the malformed cells of the Malpighian tubules (Mt). All the Hvssk depleted larvae remained as prepupae; they gradually darkened and eventually died. Furthermore, depletion of Hvssk at the pupal stage suppressed adult feeding and shortened adult lifespan. These findings demonstrated that Ssk plays a vital role in the integrity and function of both midguts and Mt, and established the conservative roles of Ssk in the formation of epithelial barrier and the homeostasis of epithelial cells in H. vigintioctopunctata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Zhang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Hodge RA, Ghannam M, Edmond E, de la Torre F, D’Alterio C, Kaya NH, Resnik-Docampo M, Reiff T, Jones DL. The septate junction component bark beetle is required for Drosophila intestinal barrier function and homeostasis. iScience 2023; 26:106901. [PMID: 37332603 PMCID: PMC10276166 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of intestinal barrier function has been documented across species, but the causes remain unknown. The intestinal barrier is maintained by tight junctions (TJs) in mammals and septate junctions (SJs) in insects. Specialized TJs/SJs, called tricellular junctions (TCJs), are located at the nexus of three adjacent cells, and we have shown that aging results in changes to TCJs in intestines of adult Drosophila melanogaster. We now demonstrate that localization of the TCJ protein bark beetle (Bark) decreases in aged flies. Depletion of bark from enterocytes in young flies led to hallmarks of intestinal aging and shortened lifespan, whereas depletion of bark in progenitor cells reduced Notch activity, biasing differentiation toward the secretory lineage. Our data implicate Bark in EC maturation and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. Understanding the assembly and maintenance of TCJs to ensure barrier integrity may lead to strategies to improve tissue integrity when function is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Hodge
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mirna Ghannam
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emma Edmond
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fernando de la Torre
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cecilia D’Alterio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nida Hatice Kaya
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Resnik-Docampo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tobias Reiff
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D. Leanne Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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9
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Choi R, Bodkhe R, Pees B, Kim D, Berg M, Monnin D, Cho J, Narayan V, Deller E, Shapira M. An Enterobacteriaceae bloom in aging animals is restrained by the gut microbiome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544815. [PMID: 37398063 PMCID: PMC10312681 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays important roles in host function and health. Core microbiomes have been described for different species, and imbalances in their composition, known as dysbiosis, are associated with pathology. Changes in the gut microbiome and dysbiosis are common in aging, possibly due to multi-tissue deterioration, which includes metabolic shifts, dysregulated immunity, and disrupted epithelial barriers. However, the characteristics of these changes, as reported in different studies, are varied and sometimes conflicting. Using clonal populations of C. elegans to highlight trends shared among individuals, and employing NextGen sequencing, CFU counts and fluorescent imaging to characterize age-dependent changes in worms raised in different microbial environments, we identified an Enterobacteriaceae bloom as a common denominator in aging animals. Experiments using Enterobacter hormachei, a representative commensal, suggested that the Enterobacteriaceae bloom was facilitated by a decline in Sma/BMP immune signaling in aging animals and demonstrated its detrimental potential for increasing susceptibility to infection. However, such detrimental effects were context-dependent, mitigated by competition with commensal communities, highlighting the latter as determinants of healthy versus unhealthy aging, depending on their ability to restrain opportunistic pathobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Choi
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Bodkhe
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Pees
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dan Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Maureen Berg
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David Monnin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Juhyun Cho
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ethan Deller
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael Shapira
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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10
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Salazar AM, Aparicio R, Clark RI, Rera M, Walker DW. Intestinal barrier dysfunction: an evolutionarily conserved hallmark of aging. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049969. [PMID: 37144684 PMCID: PMC10184675 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the biology of aging is to understand how specific age-onset pathologies relate to the overall health of the organism. The integrity of the intestinal epithelium is essential for the wellbeing of the organism throughout life. In recent years, intestinal barrier dysfunction has emerged as an evolutionarily conserved feature of aged organisms, as reported in worms, flies, fish, rodents and primates. Moreover, age-onset intestinal barrier dysfunction has been linked to microbial alterations, elevated immune responses, metabolic alterations, systemic health decline and mortality. Here, we provide an overview of these findings. We discuss early work in the Drosophila model that sets the stage for examining the relationship between intestinal barrier integrity and systemic aging, then delve into research in other organisms. An emerging concept, supported by studies in both Drosophila and mice, is that directly targeting intestinal barrier integrity is sufficient to promote longevity. A better understanding of the causes and consequences of age-onset intestinal barrier dysfunction has significant relevance to the development of interventions to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Salazar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
| | - Ricardo Aparicio
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rebecca I. Clark
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Michael Rera
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Paris 75004, France
| | - David W. Walker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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11
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Li J, Wang L, Yang K, Zhang G, Li S, Gong H, Liu M, Dai X. Structure characteristics of low molecular weight pectic polysaccharide and its anti-aging capability by modulating the intestinal homeostasis. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120467. [PMID: 36657846 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pectic polysaccharide has attracted increasing attention for their potential biological properties and applications in health industries. In this study, a low-molecular-weight pectic polysaccharide, POS4, was obtained from citrus peel. The structure of POS4 was preliminarily analyzed by gel-permeation chromatography, monosaccharide analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Results showed that the molecular weight of POS4 was 4.76 kDa and it was a galacturonic acid enriched pectic polysaccharide. The anti-aging activity in vivo showed that POS4 could notably prolong the average lifespan of fruit flies by suppressing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further studies demonstrated that POS4 could enhance intestinal homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota in a positive way and regulating autophagy associated genes. Taken together, we proposed that galacturonic acid enriched low molecular weight pectic polysaccharide have great potential in the development of healthy foods such as anti-aging health care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Kun Yang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Guocai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongjian Gong
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xianjun Dai
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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12
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Pan L, Trimarco A, Zhang AJ, Fujimori K, Urade Y, Sun LO, Taveggia C, Zhang Y. Oligodendrocyte-lineage cell exocytosis and L-type prostaglandin D synthase promote oligodendrocyte development and myelination. eLife 2023; 12:e77441. [PMID: 36779701 PMCID: PMC9946447 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the developing central nervous system, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiate into oligodendrocytes, which form myelin around axons. Oligodendrocytes and myelin are essential for the function of the central nervous system, as evidenced by the severe neurological symptoms that arise in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and leukodystrophy. Although many cell-intrinsic mechanisms that regulate oligodendrocyte development and myelination have been reported, it remains unclear whether interactions among oligodendrocyte-lineage cells (OPCs and oligodendrocytes) affect oligodendrocyte development and myelination. Here, we show that blocking vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) 1/2/3-dependent exocytosis from oligodendrocyte-lineage cells impairs oligodendrocyte development, myelination, and motor behavior in mice. Adding oligodendrocyte-lineage cell-secreted molecules to secretion-deficient OPC cultures partially restores the morphological maturation of oligodendrocytes. Moreover, we identified L-type prostaglandin D synthase as an oligodendrocyte-lineage cell-secreted protein that promotes oligodendrocyte development and myelination in vivo. These findings reveal a novel autocrine/paracrine loop model for the regulation of oligodendrocyte and myelin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Amelia Trimarco
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS, San Raffaele HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Alice J Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Ko Fujimori
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- Hirono Satellite, Isotope Science Center, The University of TokyoFukushimaJapan
| | - Lu O Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Carla Taveggia
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS, San Raffaele HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
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13
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Targeting the "hallmarks of aging" to slow aging and treat age-related disease: fact or fiction? Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:242-255. [PMID: 35840801 PMCID: PMC9812785 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders. Aging processes have therefore been discussed as potential targets for the development of novel and broadly effective preventatives or therapeutics for age-related diseases, including those affecting the brain. Mechanisms thought to contribute to aging have been summarized under the term the "hallmarks of aging" and include a loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered nutrient sensing, telomere attrition, genomic instability, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, epigenetic alterations and altered intercellular communication. We here examine key claims about the "hallmarks of aging". Our analysis reveals important weaknesses that preclude strong and definitive conclusions concerning a possible role of these processes in shaping organismal aging rate. Significant ambiguity arises from the overreliance on lifespan as a proxy marker for aging, the use of models with unclear relevance for organismal aging, and the use of study designs that do not allow to properly estimate intervention effects on aging rate. We also discuss future research directions that should be taken to clarify if and to what extent putative aging regulators do in fact interact with aging. These include multidimensional analytical frameworks as well as designs that facilitate the proper assessment of intervention effects on aging rate.
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14
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Regan JC, Lu YX, Ureña E, Meilenbrock RL, Catterson JH, Kißler D, Fröhlich J, Funk E, Partridge L. Sexual identity of enterocytes regulates autophagy to determine intestinal health, lifespan and responses to rapamycin. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:1145-1158. [PMID: 37118538 PMCID: PMC10154239 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological attenuation of mTOR presents a promising route for delay of age-related disease. Here we show that treatment of Drosophila with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin extends lifespan in females, but not in males. Female-specific, age-related gut pathology is markedly slowed by rapamycin treatment, mediated by increased autophagy. Treatment increases enterocyte autophagy in females, via the H3/H4 histone-Bchs axis, whereas males show high basal levels of enterocyte autophagy that are not increased by rapamycin feeding. Enterocyte sexual identity, determined by transformerFemale expression, dictates sexually dimorphic cell size, H3/H4-Bchs expression, basal rates of autophagy, fecundity, intestinal homeostasis and lifespan extension in response to rapamycin. Dimorphism in autophagy is conserved in mice, where intestine, brown adipose tissue and muscle exhibit sex differences in autophagy and response to rapamycin. This study highlights tissue sex as a determining factor in the regulation of metabolic processes by mTOR and the efficacy of mTOR-targeted, anti-aging drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Regan
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Yu-Xuan Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Enric Ureña
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - James H Catterson
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Disna Kißler
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jenny Fröhlich
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emilie Funk
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
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15
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Juricic P, Lu YX, Leech T, Drews LF, Paulitz J, Lu J, Nespital T, Azami S, Regan JC, Funk E, Fröhlich J, Grönke S, Partridge L. Long-lasting geroprotection from brief rapamycin treatment in early adulthood by persistently increased intestinal autophagy. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:824-836. [PMID: 37118497 PMCID: PMC10154223 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The licensed drug rapamycin has potential to be repurposed for geroprotection. A key challenge is to avoid adverse side effects from continuous dosing. Here we show that geroprotective effects of chronic rapamycin treatment can be obtained with a brief pulse of the drug in early adulthood in female Drosophila and mice. In Drosophila, a brief, early rapamycin treatment of adults extended lifespan and attenuated age-related decline in the intestine to the same degree as lifelong dosing. Lasting memory of earlier treatment was mediated by elevated autophagy in intestinal enterocytes, accompanied by increased levels of intestinal LManV and lysozyme. Brief elevation of autophagy in early adulthood itself induced a long-term increase in autophagy. In mice, a 3-month, early treatment also induced a memory effect, with maintenance similar to chronic treatment, of lysozyme distribution, Man2B1 level in intestinal crypts, Paneth cell architecture and gut barrier function, even 6 months after rapamycin was withdrawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Juricic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Lunaphore Technologies SA, Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Xuan Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Leech
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa F Drews
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jiongming Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sina Azami
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer C Regan
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emilie Funk
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jenny Fröhlich
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
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16
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Arias-Rojas A, Iatsenko I. The Role of Microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:909509. [PMID: 35821860 PMCID: PMC9261426 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.909509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microbial communities participate in essential aspects of host biology, including nutrient acquisition, development, immunity, and metabolism. During host aging, dramatic shifts occur in the composition, abundance, and function of the gut microbiota. Although such changes in the microbiota are conserved across species, most studies remain descriptive and at most suggest a correlation between age-related pathology and particular microbes. Therefore, the causal role of the microbiota in host aging has remained a challenging question, in part due to the complexity of the mammalian intestinal microbiota, most of which is not cultivable or genetically amenable. Here, we summarize recent studies in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that have substantially progressed our understanding at the mechanistic level of how gut microbes can modulate host aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Iatsenko
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Sheng K, Yang J, Xu Y, Kong X, Wang J, Wang Y. Alleviation effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on inflammation and oxidative stress in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2022; 13:1348-1359. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract delayed the d-galactose-induced aging process in mice through the gut microbiota–liver axis and microbiota–brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangliang Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowei Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
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18
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Zhu Y, Cai Q, Zheng X, Liu L, Hua Y, Du B, Zhao G, Yu J, Zhuo Z, Xie Z, Ji S. Aspirin Positively Contributes to Drosophila Intestinal Homeostasis and Delays Aging through Targeting Imd. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1821-1834. [PMID: 34631223 PMCID: PMC8460307 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine, a high-turnover tissue, plays a critical role in regulating aging and health in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Maintaining the epithelial barrier function of the intestine by preserving innate immune homeostasis significantly delays aging and prevents mortality. In an effort to explore effective chemicals and materials that can improve intestinal integrity, we performed a nonbiased screen utilizing Drosophila as an animal model. We showed that long-term uptake of aspirin markedly prevented age-onset gut leakage, the over-proliferation of intestinal stem cells, and the dysbiosis of commensal microbiota in fruit flies. Mechanistically, aspirin efficiently downregulated chronic activation of intestinal immune deficiency signaling during aging. Furthermore, our in vivo and in vitro biochemical analyses indicated that aspirin is a negative modulator in control of the K63-linked ubiquitination of Imd. Our findings uncover a novel regulatory mechanism by which aspirin positively modulates intestinal homeostasis, thus delaying aging, in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhu
- 1Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Qingshuang Cai
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xianrui Zheng
- 3Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- 1Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yongzhi Hua
- 1Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Beibei Du
- 1Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Guomin Zhao
- 1Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jiangliu Yu
- 4School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhao Zhuo
- 5College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Shanming Ji
- 1Centre for Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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19
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Jonusaite S, Rodan AR. Molecular basis for epithelial morphogenesis and ion transport in the Malpighian tubule. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 47:7-11. [PMID: 33581351 PMCID: PMC8353009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During development, the insect Malpighian tubule undergoes several programmed morphogenetic events that give rise to the tubule's ability to transport ions and water at unparalleled speed. Studies in Diptera, in particular, have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular pathways underlying embryonic tubule development. In this review, we discuss recent work that has revealed new insights into the molecular players required for the development and maintenance of structurally and functionally intact adult Malpighian tubules. We highlight the contribution of the smooth septate junction (sSJ) proteins to the morphogenesis and transport function of the epithelial cells of the Drosophila melanogaster Malpighian tubule and also discuss new findings on the role of the GATAe transcription factor. We also consider the roles of sSJ proteins in the fly midgut, as compared to the Malpighian tubule, and the importance of cellular context for the functions of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Jonusaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario NIG 2W1, Canada
| | - Aylin R Rodan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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20
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Lynn MA, Eden G, Ryan FJ, Bensalem J, Wang X, Blake SJ, Choo JM, Chern YT, Sribnaia A, James J, Benson SC, Sandeman L, Xie J, Hassiotis S, Sun EW, Martin AM, Keller MD, Keating DJ, Sargeant TJ, Proud CG, Wesselingh SL, Rogers GB, Lynn DJ. The composition of the gut microbiota following early-life antibiotic exposure affects host health and longevity in later life. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109564. [PMID: 34433065 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating whether there is a causative link between the gut microbiota and lifespan have largely been restricted to invertebrates or to mice with a reduced lifespan because of a genetic deficiency. We investigate the effect of early-life antibiotic exposure on otherwise healthy, normal chow-fed, wild-type mice, monitoring these mice for more than 700 days in comparison with untreated control mice. We demonstrate the emergence of two different low-diversity community types, post-antibiotic microbiota (PAM) I and PAM II, following antibiotic exposure. PAM II but not PAM I mice have impaired immunity, increased insulin resistance, and evidence of increased inflammaging in later life as well as a reduced lifespan. Our data suggest that differences in the composition of the gut microbiota following antibiotic exposure differentially affect host health and longevity in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Georgina Eden
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Feargal J Ryan
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Julien Bensalem
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blake
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Choo
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Yee Tee Chern
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Anastasia Sribnaia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jane James
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Saoirse C Benson
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Lauren Sandeman
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jianling Xie
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sofia Hassiotis
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Emily W Sun
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Alyce M Martin
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Marianne D Keller
- Preclinical, Imaging & Research Laboratories (PIRL), South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Timothy J Sargeant
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Steve L Wesselingh
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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21
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Tan S, Ma H, Wang J, Wang M, Wang M, Yin H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Shen J, Wang D, Banes GL, Zhang Z, Wu J, Huang X, Chen H, Ge S, Chen CL, Zhang YE. DNA transposons mediate duplications via transposition-independent and -dependent mechanisms in metazoans. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4280. [PMID: 34257290 PMCID: PMC8277862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite long being considered as "junk", transposable elements (TEs) are now accepted as catalysts of evolution. One example is Mutator-like elements (MULEs, one type of terminal inverted repeat DNA TEs, or TIR TEs) capturing sequences as Pack-MULEs in plants. However, their origination mechanism remains perplexing, and whether TIR TEs mediate duplication in animals is almost unexplored. Here we identify 370 Pack-TIRs in 100 animal reference genomes and one Pack-TIR (Ssk-FB4) family in fly populations. We find that single-copy Pack-TIRs are mostly generated via transposition-independent gap filling, and multicopy Pack-TIRs are likely generated by transposition after replication fork switching. We show that a proportion of Pack-TIRs are transcribed and often form chimeras with hosts. We also find that Ssk-FB4s represent a young protein family, as supported by proteomics and signatures of positive selection. Thus, TIR TEs catalyze new gene structures and new genes in animals via both transposition-independent and -dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Man Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Center for Cancer Bioinformatics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Graham L Banes
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Center for Cancer Bioinformatics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Siqin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Curie Institute, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3244, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
| | - Yong E Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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22
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Resnik-Docampo M, Cunningham KM, Ruvalcaba SM, Choi C, Sauer V, Jones DL. Neuroglian regulates Drosophila intestinal stem cell proliferation through enhanced signaling via the epidermal growth factor receptor. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1584-1597. [PMID: 33961791 PMCID: PMC8190597 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila intestine is an excellent system for elucidating mechanisms regulating stem cell behavior. Here we show that the septate junction (SJ) protein Neuroglian (Nrg) is expressed in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and enteroblasts (EBs) within the fly intestine. SJs are not present between ISCs and EBs, suggesting Nrg plays a different role in this tissue. We reveal that Nrg is required for ISC proliferation in young flies, and depletion of Nrg from ISCs and EBs suppresses increased ISC proliferation in aged flies. Conversely, overexpression of Nrg in ISC and EBs promotes ISC proliferation, leading to an increase in cells expressing ISC/EB markers; in addition, we observe an increase in epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) activation. Genetic epistasis experiments reveal that Nrg acts upstream of Egfr to regulate ISC proliferation. As Nrg function is highly conserved in mammalian systems, our work characterizing the role of Nrg in the intestine has implications for the treatment of intestinal disorders that arise due to altered ISC behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Resnik-Docampo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kathleen M Cunningham
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S Mateo Ruvalcaba
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Charles Choi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vivien Sauer
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - D Leanne Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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23
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Lu YX, Regan JC, Eßer J, Drews LF, Weinseis T, Stinn J, Hahn O, Miller RA, Grönke S, Partridge L. A TORC1-histone axis regulates chromatin organisation and non-canonical induction of autophagy to ameliorate ageing. eLife 2021; 10:62233. [PMID: 33988501 PMCID: PMC8186904 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes to histone levels are seen in many species. However, it is unclear whether changes to histone expression could be exploited to ameliorate the effects of ageing in multicellular organisms. Here we show that inhibition of mTORC1 by the lifespan-extending drug rapamycin increases expression of histones H3 and H4 post-transcriptionally through eIF3-mediated translation. Elevated expression of H3/H4 in intestinal enterocytes in Drosophila alters chromatin organisation, induces intestinal autophagy through transcriptional regulation, and prevents age-related decline in the intestine. Importantly, it also mediates rapamycin-induced longevity and intestinal health. Histones H3/H4 regulate expression of an autophagy cargo adaptor Bchs (WDFY3 in mammals), increased expression of which in enterocytes mediates increased H3/H4-dependent healthy longevity. In mice, rapamycin treatment increases expression of histone proteins and Wdfy3 transcription, and alters chromatin organisation in the small intestine, suggesting that the mTORC1-histone axis is at least partially conserved in mammals and may offer new targets for anti-ageing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer C Regan
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Eßer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa F Drews
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Weinseis
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Stinn
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Sciambra N, Chtarbanova S. The Impact of Age on Response to Infection in Drosophila. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050958. [PMID: 33946849 PMCID: PMC8145649 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the known cellular pathways and mechanisms involved in Drosophila age-dependent immunity to pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. We discuss the implication of host signaling pathways such as the Toll, Immune Deficiency (IMD), Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), and Insulin/Insulin Growth Factor/Target of Rapamycin (IIS/TOR) on immune function with aging. Additionally, we review the effects that factors such as sexual dimorphism, environmental stress, and cellular physiology exert on age-dependent immunity in Drosophila. We discuss potential tradeoffs between heightened immune function and longevity in the absence of infection, and we provide detailed tables outlining the various assays and pathogens used in the cited studies, as well as the age, sex, and strains of Drosophila used. We also discuss the overlapping effects these pathways and mechanisms have on one another. We highlight the great utility of Drosophila as a model organism and the importance of a greater focus on age-dependent antiviral immunity for future studies.
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25
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Izumi Y, Furuse K, Furuse M. The novel membrane protein Hoka regulates septate junction organization and stem cell homeostasis in the Drosophila gut. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.257022. [PMID: 33589496 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.257022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth septate junctions (sSJs) regulate the paracellular transport in the intestinal tract in arthropods. In Drosophila, the organization and physiological function of sSJs are regulated by at least three sSJ-specific membrane proteins: Ssk, Mesh and Tsp2A. Here, we report a novel sSJ membrane protein, Hoka, which has a single membrane-spanning segment with a short extracellular region, and a cytoplasmic region with Tyr-Thr-Pro-Ala motifs. The larval midgut in hoka mutants shows a defect in sSJ structure. Hoka forms a complex with Ssk, Mesh and Tsp2A, and is required for the correct localization of these proteins to sSJs. Knockdown of hoka in the adult midgut leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction and stem cell overproliferation. In hoka-knockdown midguts, aPKC is upregulated in the cytoplasm and the apical membrane of epithelial cells. The depletion of aPKC and yki in hoka-knockdown midguts results in reduced stem cell overproliferation. These findings indicate that Hoka cooperates with the sSJ proteins Ssk, Mesh and Tsp2A to organize sSJs, and is required for maintaining intestinal stem cell homeostasis through the regulation of aPKC and Yki activities in the Drosophila midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Izumi
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan .,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kyoko Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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26
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Cai Q, Ji S, Li M, Zheng S, Zhou X, Guo H, Deng S, Zhu J, Li D, Xie Z. Theaflavin-regulated Imd condensates control Drosophila intestinal homeostasis and aging. iScience 2021; 24:102150. [PMID: 33665569 PMCID: PMC7905455 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Black tea is the most widely consumed tea drink in the world and has consistently been reported to possess anti-aging benefits. However, whether theaflavins, one type of the characteristic phytochemicals in black tea extracts, are involved in regulating aging and lifespan in consumers remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that theaflavins play a beneficial role in preventing age-onset intestinal leakage and dysbiosis, thus delaying aging in Drosophila. Mechanistically, theaflavins regulate the condensate assembly of Imd to negatively govern the overactivation of Imd signals in fruit fly intestines. In addition, theaflavins prevent DSS-induced colitis in mice, suggesting theaflavins play a role in modulating intestinal integrity. Overall, our study reveals a molecular mechanism by which theaflavins regulate gut homeostasis likely through controlling Imd coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshuang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Shanming Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Mengwan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Sen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xiuhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Siyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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27
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Abstract
Dietary intervention has received considerable attention as an approach to extend lifespan and improve aging. However, questions remain regarding optimal dietary regimes and underlying mechanisms of lifespan extension. Here, we asked how an increase of glucose in a chemically defined diet extends the lifespan of adult Drosophila melanogaster We showed that glucose-dependent lifespan extension is not a result of diminished caloric intake, or changes to systemic insulin activity, two commonly studied mechanisms of lifespan extension. Instead, we found that flies raised on glucose-supplemented food increased the expression of cell-adhesion genes, delaying age-dependent loss of intestinal barrier integrity. Furthermore, we showed that chemical disruption of the gut barrier negated the lifespan extension associated with glucose treatment, suggesting that glucose-supplemented food prolongs adult viability by enhancing the intestinal barrier. We believe our data contribute to understanding intestinal homeostasis, and may assist efforts to develop preventative measures that limit effects of aging on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Galenza
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Edan Foley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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28
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29
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Rouka E, Gourgoulianni N, Lüpold S, Hatzoglou C, Gourgoulianis K, Blanckenhorn WU, Zarogiannis SG. The Drosophila septate junctions beyond barrier function: Review of the literature, prediction of human orthologs of the SJ-related proteins and identification of protein domain families. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13527. [PMID: 32603029 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of Septate Junctions (SJs) in critical cellular functions that extend beyond their role as diffusion barriers in the epithelia and the nervous system has made the fruit fly an ideal model for the study of human diseases associated with impaired Tight Junction (TJ) function. In this study, we summarized current knowledge of the Drosophila melanogaster SJ-related proteins, focusing on their unconventional functions. Additionally, we sought to identify human orthologs of the corresponding genes as well as protein domain families. The systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Scopus databases using relevant key terms. Orthologs were predicted using the DIOPT tool and aligned protein regions were determined from the Pfam database. 3-D models of the smooth SJ proteins were built on the Phyre2 and DMPFold protein structure prediction servers. A total of 30 proteins were identified as relatives to the SJ cellular structure. Key roles of these proteins, mainly in the regulation of morphogenetic events and cellular signalling, were highlighted. The investigation of protein domain families revealed that the SJ-related proteins contain conserved domains that are required not only for cell-cell interactions and cell polarity but also for cellular signalling and immunity. DIOPT analysis of orthologs identified novel human genes as putative functional homologs of the fruit fly SJ genes. A gap in our knowledge was identified regarding the domains that occur in the proteins encoded by eight SJ-associated genes. Future investigation of these domains is needed to provide functional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erasmia Rouka
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of ThessalyBIOPOLIS Larissa Greece
| | - Natalia Gourgoulianni
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Stefan Lüpold
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Chrissi Hatzoglou
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of ThessalyBIOPOLIS Larissa Greece
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of ThessalyBIOPOLIS Larissa Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of ThessalyBIOPOLIS Larissa Greece
| | - Wolf U. Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of ThessalyBIOPOLIS Larissa Greece
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences University of ThessalyBIOPOLIS Larissa Greece
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30
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Joly A, Rousset R. Tissue Adaptation to Environmental Cues by Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Modes of Intestinal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176362. [PMID: 32887329 PMCID: PMC7504256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues must adapt to the different external stimuli so that organisms can survive in their environments. The intestine is a vital organ involved in food processing and absorption, as well as in innate immune response. Its adaptation to environmental cues such as diet and biotic/abiotic stress involves regulation of the proliferative rate and a switch of division mode (asymmetric versus symmetric) of intestinal stem cells (ISC). In this review, we outline the current comprehension of the physiological and molecular mechanisms implicated in stem cell division modes in the adult Drosophila midgut. We present the signaling pathways and polarity cues that control the mitotic spindle orientation, which is the terminal determinant ensuring execution of the division mode. We review these events during gut homeostasis, as well as during its response to nutrient availability, bacterial infection, chemical damage, and aging. JNK signaling acts as a central player, being involved in each of these conditions as a direct regulator of spindle orientation. The studies of the mechanisms regulating ISC divisions allow a better understanding of how adult stem cells integrate different signals to control tissue plasticity, and of how various diseases, notably cancers, arise from their alterations.
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31
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Rodriguez-Fernandez IA, Tauc HM, Jasper H. Hallmarks of aging Drosophila intestinal stem cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Lee HY, Lee SH, Lee JH, Lee WJ, Min KJ. The role of commensal microbes in the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4611-4640. [PMID: 31299010 PMCID: PMC6660043 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Commensal microbes have mutualistic relationships with their host and mainly live in the host intestine. There are many studies on the relationships between commensal microbes and host physiology. However, there are inconsistent results on the effects of commensal microbes on host lifespan. To clarify this controversy, we generated axenic flies by using two controlled methods – bleaching and antibiotic treatment – and investigated the relationship between the commensal microbes and host lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. The removal of microbes by using bleaching and antibiotic treatments without detrimental effects increased fly lifespan. Furthermore, a strain of flies colonized with a high load of microbiota showed a greater effect on lifespan extension when the microbes were eliminated, suggesting that commensal bacteria abundance may be a critical determinant of host lifespan. Consistent with those observations, microbial flora of aged fly gut significantly decreased axenic fly lifespan via an increase in bacterial load rather than through a change of bacterial composition. Our elaborately controlled experiments showed that the elimination of commensal microbes without detrimental side effects increased fly lifespan, and that bacterial load was a significant determinant of lifespan. Furthermore, our results indicate the presence of a deterministic connection between commensal microbes and host lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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33
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Funk MC, Zhou J, Boutros M. Ageing, metabolism and the intestine. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50047. [PMID: 32567155 PMCID: PMC7332987 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium serves as a dynamic barrier to the environment and integrates a variety of signals, including those from metabolites, commensal microbiota, immune responses and stressors upon ageing. The intestine is constantly challenged and requires a high renewal rate to replace damaged cells in order to maintain its barrier function. Essential for its renewal capacity are intestinal stem cells, which constantly give rise to progenitor cells that differentiate into the multiple cell types present in the epithelium. Here, we review the current state of research of how metabolism and ageing control intestinal stem cell function and epithelial homeostasis. We focus on recent insights gained from model organisms that indicate how changes in metabolic signalling during ageing are a major driver for the loss of stem cell plasticity and epithelial homeostasis, ultimately affecting the resilience of an organism and limiting its lifespan. We compare findings made in mouse and Drosophila and discuss differences and commonalities in the underlying signalling pathways and mechanisms in the context of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja C Funk
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jun Zhou
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boutros
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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34
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The Snakeskin-Mesh Complex of Smooth Septate Junction Restricts Yorkie to Regulate Intestinal Homeostasis in Drosophila. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:828-844. [PMID: 32330445 PMCID: PMC7220990 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions in mammals and septate junctions in insects are essential for epithelial integrity. We show here that, in the Drosophila intestine, smooth septate junction proteins provide barrier and signaling functions. During an RNAi screen for genes that regulate adult midgut tissue growth, we found that loss of two smooth septate junction components, Snakeskin and Mesh, caused a hyperproliferation phenotype. By examining epitope-tagged endogenous Snakeskin and Mesh, we demonstrate that the two proteins are present in the cytoplasm of differentiating enteroblasts and in cytoplasm and septate junctions of mature enterocytes. In both enteroblasts and enterocytes, loss of Snakeskin and Mesh causes Yorkie-dependent expression of the JAK-STAT pathway ligand Upd3, which in turn promotes proliferation of intestinal stem cells. Snakeskin and Mesh form a complex with each other, with other septate junction proteins and with Yorkie. Therefore, the Snakeskin-Mesh complex has both barrier and signaling function to maintain stem cell-mediated tissue homeostasis. Snakeskin and Mesh are septate junction proteins essential for intestinal homeostasis Snakeskin and Mesh act in enteroblasts and enterocytes to regulate stem cell division Snakeskin and Mesh form a complex with and restrict the activity of Yorkie Loss of Snakeskin and Mesh allows Yorkie to promote Upd3 expression and growth
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35
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JNK-dependent intestinal barrier failure disrupts host-microbe homeostasis during tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9401-9412. [PMID: 32277031 PMCID: PMC7196803 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913976117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium forms a tight barrier to the environment and is constantly regenerated. Precise control of barrier function and tissue renewal is important to maintain homeostasis. Using an inducible tumor model in the Drosophila intestine, this study shows that tumor progression disrupts the intestinal barrier and leads to commensal dysbiosis, thereby further fueling tumor growth. This reenforcing feedback loop can be interrupted by treatments with JNK inhibitor or antibiotics. In all animals, the intestinal epithelium forms a tight barrier to the environment. The epithelium regulates the absorption of nutrients, mounts immune responses, and prevents systemic infections. Here, we investigate the consequences of tumorigenesis on the microbiome using a Drosophila intestinal tumor model. We show that upon loss of BMP signaling, tumors lead to aberrant activation of JNK/Mmp2 signaling, followed by intestinal barrier dysfunction and commensal imbalance. In turn, the dysbiotic microbiome triggers a regenerative response and stimulates tumor growth. We find that inhibiting JNK signaling or depletion of the microbiome restores barrier function of the intestinal epithelium, leading to a reestablishment of host–microbe homeostasis, and organismic lifespan extension. Our experiments identify a JNK-dependent feedback amplification loop between intestinal tumors and the microbiome. They also highlight the importance of controlling the activity level of JNK signaling to maintain epithelial barrier function and host–microbe homeostasis.
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36
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Colombani J, Andersen DS. The
Drosophila
gut: A gatekeeper and coordinator of organism fitness and physiology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 9:e378. [DOI: 10.1002/wdev.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Colombani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen O Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - Ditte S. Andersen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen O Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
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37
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Molecular organization, regulation and function of tricellular junctions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Belmonte RL, Corbally MK, Duneau DF, Regan JC. Sexual Dimorphisms in Innate Immunity and Responses to Infection in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3075. [PMID: 32076419 PMCID: PMC7006818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sexes show profound differences in responses to infection and the development of autoimmunity. Dimorphisms in immune responses are ubiquitous across taxa, from arthropods to vertebrates. Drosophila melanogaster shows strong sex dimorphisms in immune system responses at baseline, upon pathogenic challenge, and over aging. We have performed an exhaustive survey of peer-reviewed literature on Drosophila immunity, and present a database of publications indicating the sex(es) analyzed in each study. While we found a growing interest in the community in adult immunity and in reporting both sexes, the main body of work in this field uses only one sex, or does not stratify by sex. We synthesize evidence for sexually dimorphic responses to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Dimorphisms may be mediated by distinct immune compartments, and we review work on sex differences in behavioral, epithelial, cellular, and systemic (fat body-mediated) immunity. Emerging work on sexually dimorphic aging of immune tissues, immune senescence, and inflammation are examined. We consider evolutionary drivers for sex differences in immune investment, highlight the features of Drosophila biology that make it particularly amenable to studies of immune dimorphisms, and discuss areas for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Belmonte
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mary-Kate Corbally
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David F. Duneau
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversite Biologique, UMR5174 EDB, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jennifer C. Regan
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Jonusaite S, Beyenbach KW, Meyer H, Paululat A, Izumi Y, Furuse M, Rodan AR. The septate junction protein Mesh is required for epithelial morphogenesis, ion transport, and paracellular permeability in the Drosophila Malpighian tubule. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C675-C694. [PMID: 31913700 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00492.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Septate junctions (SJs) are occluding cell-cell junctions that have roles in paracellular permeability and barrier function in the epithelia of invertebrates. Arthropods have two types of SJs, pleated SJs and smooth SJs (sSJs). In Drosophila melanogaster, sSJs are found in the midgut and Malpighian tubules, but the functions of sSJs and their protein components in the tubule epithelium are unknown. Here we examined the role of the previously identified integral sSJ component, Mesh, in the Malpighian tubule. We genetically manipulated mesh specifically in the principal cells of the tubule at different life stages. Tubules of flies with developmental mesh knockdown revealed defects in epithelial architecture, sSJ molecular and structural organization, and lack of urine production in basal and kinin-stimulated conditions, resulting in edema and early adult lethality. Knockdown of mesh during adulthood did not disrupt tubule epithelial and sSJ integrity but decreased the transepithelial potential, diminished transepithelial fluid and ion transport, and decreased paracellular permeability to 4-kDa dextran. Drosophila kinin decreased transepithelial potential and increased chloride permeability, and it stimulated fluid secretion in both control and adult mesh knockdown tubules but had no effect on 4-kDa dextran flux. Together, these data indicate roles for Mesh in the developmental maturation of the Drosophila Malpighian tubule and in ion and macromolecular transport in the adult tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Jonusaite
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Klaus W Beyenbach
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Division of Zoology and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- Division of Zoology and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Yasushi Izumi
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Aylin R Rodan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Izumi Y, Furuse K, Furuse M. Septate junctions regulate gut homeostasis through regulation of stem cell proliferation and enterocyte behavior in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.232108. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth septate junctions (sSJs) contribute to the epithelial barrier, which restricts leakage of solutes through the paracellular route of epithelial cells in the Drosophila midgut. We previously identified three sSJ-associated membrane proteins, Ssk, Mesh, and Tsp2A, and showed that these proteins were required for sSJ formation and intestinal barrier function in the larval midgut. Here, we investigated the roles of sSJs in the Drosophila adult midgut. Depletion of any of the sSJ-proteins from enterocytes resulted in remarkably shortened lifespan and intestinal barrier dysfunction in flies. Interestingly, the sSJ-protein-deficient flies showed intestinal hypertrophy accompanied by accumulation of morphologically abnormal enterocytes. The phenotype was associated with increased stem cell proliferation and activation of the MAP kinase and Jak-Stat pathways in stem cells. Loss of cytokines Unpaired2 and Unpaired3, which are involved in Jak-Stat pathway activation, reduced the intestinal hypertrophy, but not the increased stem cell proliferation, in flies lacking Mesh. The present findings suggest that SJs play a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis through regulation of stem cell proliferation and enterocyte behavior in the Drosophila adult midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Izumi
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kyoko Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
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