1
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Wu K, Wang TZ, Zhang CP, Guan YQ, Liang YF. N-Alkoxyphthalimides as Nitrogen Electrophiles to Construct C-N Bonds via Reductive Cross-Coupling. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38935867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
N-Alkoxyphthalimides, one kind of phthalimide derivative, have great importance in synthesis, mainly used as free radical precursors. While the phthalimide unit, for a long time, was treated as part of the waste stream. Construction of C-N bonds has always been a hot spot, especially in reductive cross-coupling. Herein, a nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reaction of N-methoxyphthalimides with alkyl halides is described, where N-methoxyphthalimides serve as nitrogen electrophiles. This tactic provides a new approach to construct C-N bonds under mild neutral conditions. Alkyl chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sulfonates are all fit to this transformation. Moreover, the reaction could tolerate a broad substrate scope, especially base-sensitive functional groups (boron or silicon groups), as well as competitive nucleophilic groups (phenols and amides), which are incompatible with traditional Gabriel synthesis under basic conditions, demonstrating a complementary role of this work to Gabriel synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tian-Zhang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chao-Peng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu-Feng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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2
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Monteith JJ, Rousseaux SAL. A Dual Ni/Photoredox Cross-Coupling Approach toward Mandelic Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:4566-4570. [PMID: 38758597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Mandelic acid derivatives represent a valuable class of compounds due to their wide use in synthetic organic chemistry and the pharmaceutical sector. Herein, we report a novel reductive Ni/photoredox cross-coupling of readily accessible, bench stable N-alkoxyphthalimides and aryl halides to prepare unprotected mandelic acid ester derivatives. Mechanistic experiments suggest that this cross-coupling likely proceeds via a pathway that is distinct from previous reports using similar redox-active alkoxy radical precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Monteith
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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3
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Xing Z, Yan J, Miao Y, Ruan Y, Yao H, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Li G, Song Z, Peng Y, Huang J. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeting Quinazolinone-Based Lipophilic Probe for Specific Photoinduced Ferroptosis and Its Induced Lipid Dynamic Regulation. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1900-1913. [PMID: 38284969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Lethal lipid peroxidation caused by reactive oxygen species occurs in different types of programmed cell death, especially in ferroptosis. Ferroptosis inducers, which serve as small-molecule probes, can provide insight into the mechanism of ferroptosis and facilitate drug discovery. The classical ferroptosis inducers indirectly lead to lipid peroxidation; thus, it is difficult to explore lipid regulation during the ferroptotic process. In this study, we designed two quinazolinone-based lipophilic probes BODIQPy-TPA and QPy-TPA, which proved to directly induce lipid peroxidation by light irradiation in vitro. The probe BODIQPy-TPA, which was mainly distributed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), specifically triggered ferroptosis in B16 and HepG2 cells upon light irradiation. As a comparison, the probe QPy-TPA, which was mainly distributed in lipid droplets (LDs), induced cell death by a nonferroptotic pathway. Further lipidomic analysis revealed that these two probes caused different patterns of lipid regulation and lipid peroxidation, suggesting that ferroptosis might activate distinct lipid regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Xing
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082. China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082. China
| | - Yongxiang Miao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yawen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082. China
| | - Haojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082. China
| | - Youkang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yingqun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Guorui Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, the "Double-First Class" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Pharmaceutical Science), Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Zhibin Song
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082. China
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4
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Gallego-Gamo A, Pleixats R, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Vallribera A, Granados A. Hydroxytrifluoroethylation and Trifluoroacetylation Reactions via SET Processes. Chemistry 2024:e202303854. [PMID: 38183331 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxytrifluoroethyl and trifluoroacetyl groups are of utmost importance in biologically active compounds, but methods to tether these motifs to organic architectures have been limited. Typically, the preparation of these compounds relied on the use of strong bases or multistep routes. The renaissance of radical chemistry in photocatalytic, transition metal mediated, and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes have allowed the installation of these medicinally relevant fluorinated motifs. This review provides an overview of the methods available for the direct synthesis of hydroxytrifluoroethyl- and trifluoroacetyl-derived compounds governed by single-electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gallego-Gamo
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Pleixats
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Granados
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Jiang Y, Liu D, Rotella ME, Deng G, Liu Z, Chen W, Zhang H, Kozlowski MC, Walsh PJ, Yang X. Net-1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer of Amidyl Radicals: Toward the Synthesis of 1,2-Diamine Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16045-16057. [PMID: 37441806 PMCID: PMC10411589 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes are among the most useful approaches for the selective construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds. 1,5-HAT with heteroatom-centered radicals (O•, N•) have been well established and are favored relative to other 1,n-HAT processes. In comparison, net 1,2-HAT processes have been observed infrequently. Herein, the first amidyl radicalls are reported that preferentially undergo a net 1,2-HAT over 1,5-HAT. Beginning with single electron transfer from 2-azaallyl anions to N-alkyl N-aryloxy amides, the latter generate amidyl radicals. The amidyl radical undergoes a net-1,2-HAT to generate a C-centered radical that participates in an intermolecular radical-radical coupling with the 2-azaallyl radical to generate 1,2-diamine derivatives. Mechanistic and EPR experiments point to radical intermediates. Density functional theory calculations provide support for a base-assisted, stepwise-1,2-HAT process. It is proposed that the generation of amidyl radicals under basic conditions can be greatly expanded to access α-amino C-centered radicals that will serve as valuable synthetic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Madeline E. Rotella
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
| | - Guogang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhengfen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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6
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Thakur A, Gupta SS, Dhiman AK, Sharma U. Photoredox Minisci-Type Hydroxyfluoroalkylation of Isoquinolines with N-Trifluoroethoxyphthalimide. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2314-2321. [PMID: 36705295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward photocatalytic approach has been demonstrated to incorporate a trifluoroethanol unit onto the isoquinolines. Herein, we report N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide as a hydroxyfluoroalkyl radical precursor, enabling efficient synthesis of trifluoroethanol-substituted heteroarenes. Radical quenching experiments confirmed the involvement of a free-radical pathway under developed photocatalytic conditions. The DFT calculations confirmed the intramolecular 1,2-HAT reactivity of the O-centered trifluoroethoxy radical (generated from N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide under photocatalytic condition) to the C-centered trifluoroethanol radical. Fluorescence quenching studies suggested that isoquinoline was responsible for the quenching of Ir-photocatalyst emission. A catalytic cycle involving trifluoroethanol radical reaction with isoquinolines has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Thakur
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shiv Shankar Gupta
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Dhiman
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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7
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Liu D, Yang K, Fang D, Li SJ, Lan Y, Chen Y. Formyl Radical Generation from α-Chloro N-Methoxyphthalimides Enables Selective Aldehyde Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213686. [PMID: 36342432 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aldehydes installation by radical formylation constitutes an attractive synthetic strategy. However, the generation of formyl radicals for organic synthesis applications remains unknown. Herein we report the first formyl radical generation from α-chloro N-methoxyphthalimides, which selectively synthesize aldehydes by alkene hydroformylation under mild photoredox conditions. The aldehydes can be installed on acrylates, acrylamides, vinyl sulfones, vinyl ketones, and complex steroids by radical hydroformylation in excellent chemoselectivity and regioselectivity. The concerted hydrochloride elimination for the formyl radical generation from α-chloro methoxy radicals is established by experimental and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Di Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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8
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Chen F, Xu XH, Chu L, Qing FL. Visible-Light-Induced Nickel-Catalyzed Radical Cross-Couplings to Access α-Aryl-α-trifluoromethyl Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:9332-9336. [PMID: 36484514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A photochemically induced nickel-catalyzed radical cross-coupling of phthalimido trifluoroethanol with aryl bromides to furnish α-aryl-α-trifluoromethyl alcohols is reported. This reaction proceeds via a photoinduced charge transfer of an electron donor-acceptor complex between Hantzsch ester and phthalimido trifluoroethanol, followed by 1,2-hydrogen atom transfer, to generate the α-hydroxytrifluoroethyl radical for the cross-coupling of aryl bromides. No exogenous photocatalysts or stoichiometric metal reductants are required in this mild and operationally simple protocol. Broad substrate compatibility and excellent functional group tolerance are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingling Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Lombardi L, Cerveri A, Giovanelli R, Castiñeira Reis M, Silva López C, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Direct Synthesis of α-Aryl-α-Trifluoromethyl Alcohols via Nickel Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211732. [PMID: 36161744 PMCID: PMC9828748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-electrophile coupling between the redox-active N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide and iodoarenes is documented. The protocol reproduces a formal arylation of trifluoroacetaldehyde under mild conditions in high yields (up to 88 %) and with large functional group tolerance (30 examples). A combined computational and experimental investigation revealed a pivotal solvent assisted 1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) process to generate a nucleophilic α-hydroxy-α-trifluoromethyl C-centered radical for the Csp2 -Csp3 bond forming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Alessandro Cerveri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Riccardo Giovanelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | | | | | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
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10
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Murray PRD, Leibler INM, Hell SM, Villalona E, Doyle AG, Knowles RR. Radical Redox Annulations: A General Light-Driven Method for the Synthesis of Saturated Heterocycles. ACS Catal 2022; 12:13732-13740. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | | | - Sandrine M. Hell
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Eris Villalona
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
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11
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Martínez-Balart P, Tóth BL, Velasco-Rubio Á, Fañanás-Mastral M. Direct C-H Allylation of Unactivated Alkanes by Cooperative W/Cu Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:6874-6879. [PMID: 36098628 PMCID: PMC9513794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a photocatalytic methodology that enables the direct allylation of strong aliphatic C-H bonds with simple allylic chlorides. The method relies on a cooperative interaction of two metal catalysts in which the decatungstate anion acts as a hydrogen-atom abstractor generating a nucleophilic carbon-centered radical that engages in an SH2' reaction with an activated allylic π-olefin-copper complex. Because of this dual catalysis, the protocol allows for the functionalization of a range of chemical feedstocks and natural products under mild conditions in short reaction times.
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12
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Du X, Zhang C, Liu S. Radical-Friedel-Crafts benzylation of arenes with benzyl ethers over 2H-MoS 2: ether cleavage into carbon- and oxygen-centered radicals. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15322-15329. [PMID: 36102605 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02801h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective activation of C-O ether bonds is an essential tool in organic synthesis and natural polymer depolymerization. However, the direct cleavage of the ether bond is still challenging work, especially breaking this inert and redox-neutral bond to provide one active carbon radical and another oxygen-centered fragment with oxidation capacity that can participate in the controllable radical reaction. We herein report that commercial 2H-MoS2 with negligible acidity can efficiently catalyze the benzylation of arenes with benzyl ethers, and a new Radical-Friedel-Crafts mechanism is proposed, which is quite different from the strong acid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts mechanism. With dibenzyl ether as the model benzylation reagent, 2H-MoS2 can achieve the homolytic cleavage of the Bn-OR bond to generate the benzyl carbon radical and RO˙ species, identified by EPR measurement and radical trap experiments. The following radical-involved benzylation is confirmed by the Hammett results and a plausible pathway is proposed to clarify the Radical-Friedel-Crafts process. Heterogeneous 2H-MoS2 can be consecutively used four times without regeneration and it offers 94-95% yields of 2-benzyl-1,4-dimethylbenzene from dibenzyl ether and p-xylene in 30 min at 140 °C. Furthermore, this mechanism can provide some inspiration to activate the ether bond and to utilize ether as an oxidant in C-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinze Du
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shenglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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13
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Budnikov AS, Krylov I, Lastovko AV, Yu B, Terent'ev AO. N‐Alkoxyphtalimides as Versatile Alkoxy Radical Precursors in Modern Organic Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Budnikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory for Studies of Homolytic Reactions RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Igor Krylov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory for Studies of Homolytic Reactions Leninsky Prospect, 47 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Andrey V. Lastovko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory for Studies of Homolytic Reactions RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Bing Yu
- Zhengzhou University Green Catalysis Center CHINA
| | - Alexander O. Terent'ev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory for Studies of Homolytic Reactions Leninsky prospekt 47 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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14
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Kuang S, Wei F, Karges J, Ke L, Xiong K, Liao X, Gasser G, Ji L, Chao H. Photodecaging of a Mitochondria-Localized Iridium(III) Endoperoxide Complex for Two-Photon Photoactivated Therapy under Hypoxia. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4091-4101. [PMID: 35171598 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of photodynamic therapy (PDT), the application of this medical technique is intrinsically limited by the low oxygen concentrations found in cancer tumors, hampering the production of therapeutically necessary singlet oxygen (1O2). To overcome this limitation, we report on a novel mitochondria-localized iridium(III) endoperoxide prodrug (2-O-IrAn), which, upon two-photon irradiation in NIR, synergistically releases a highly cytotoxic iridium(III) complex (2-IrAn), singlet oxygen, and an alkoxy radical. 2-O-IrAn was found to be highly (photo-)toxic in hypoxic tumor cells and multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) in the nanomolar range. To provide cancer selectivity and improve the pharmacological properties of 2-O-IrAn, it was encapsulated into a biotin-functionalized polymer. The generated nanoparticles were found to nearly fully eradicate the tumor inside a mouse model within a single treatment. This study presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of an iridium(III)-based endoperoxide prodrug for synergistic photodynamic therapy/photoactivated chemotherapy, opening up new avenues for the treatment of hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Kuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Libing Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 400201, P. R. China
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15
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Chu XQ, Ge D, Cui YY, Shen ZL, Li CJ. Desulfonylation via Radical Process: Recent Developments in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12548-12680. [PMID: 34387465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As the "chemical chameleon", sulfonyl-containing compounds and their variants have been merged with various types of reactions for the efficient construction of diverse molecular architectures by taking advantage of their incredible reactive flexibility. Currently, their involvement in radical transformations, in which the sulfonyl group typically acts as a leaving group via selective C-S, N-S, O-S, S-S, and Se-S bond cleavage/functionalization, has facilitated new bond formation strategies which are complementary to classical two-electron cross-couplings via organometallic or ionic intermediates. Considering the great influence and synthetic potential of these novel avenues, we summarize recent advances in this rapidly expanding area by discussing the reaction designs, substrate scopes, mechanistic studies, and their limitations, outlining the state-of-the-art processes involved in radical-mediated desulfonylation and related transformations. With a specific emphasis on their synthetic applications, we believe this review will be useful for medicinal and synthetic organic chemists who are interested in radical chemistry and radical-mediated desulfonylation in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Chu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Danhua Ge
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan-Ying Cui
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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16
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Tong C, Xu X, Qing F. Nucleophilic and Radical Heptafluoroisopropoxylation with Redox‐Active Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Lai Tong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiu‐Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Feng‐Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Science Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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17
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Tong CL, Xu XH, Qing FL. Nucleophilic and Radical Heptafluoroisopropoxylation with Redox-Active Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22915-22924. [PMID: 34414643 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The heptafluoroisopropyl group (CF(CF3 )2 ) is prevalent in pharmaceuticals and agrichemicals. However, heptafluoroisopropoxylated (OCF(CF3 )2 ) compounds remain largely underexplored, presumably due to the lack of efficient access to these compounds. Herein, we disclose the practical and efficient heptafluoroisopropoxylation reactions through the invention of a series of redox-active N-OCF(CF3 )2 reagents. These reagents were readily prepared from the oxidative heptafluoroisopropylation of hydroxylamines with AgCF(CF3 )2 . The substitutions on the nitrogen atom significantly affected the properties and reactivities of N-OCF(CF3 )2 reagents. Accordingly, two types of N-OCF(CF3 )2 reagents including N-OCF(CF3 )2 phthalimide A and N-OCF(CF3 )2 benzotriazolium salt O' were used as OCF(CF3 )2 anion and radical precursors, respectively. This protocol enables the direct heptafluoroisopropoxylation of a range of substrates, delivering the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Lai Tong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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18
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Chang L, An Q, Duan L, Feng K, Zuo Z. Alkoxy Radicals See the Light: New Paradigms of Photochemical Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2429-2486. [PMID: 34613698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alkoxy radicals are highly reactive species that have long been recognized as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. However, their development has long been impeded due to a lack of convenient methods for their generation. Thanks to advances in photoredox catalysis, enabling facile access to alkoxy radicals from bench-stable precursors and free alcohols under mild conditions, research interest in this field has been renewed. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in alkoxy radical-mediated transformations under visible light irradiation. Elementary steps for alkoxy radical generation from either radical precursors or free alcohols are central to reaction development; thus, each section is categorized and discussed accordingly. Throughout this review, we have focused on the different mechanisms of alkoxy radical generation as well as their impact on synthetic utilizations. Notably, the catalytic generation of alkoxy radicals from abundant alcohols is still in the early stage, providing intriguing opportunities to exploit alkoxy radicals for diverse synthetic paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, China
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19
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Zhu H, Zheng H, Zhang J, Feng J, Kong L, Zhang F, Xue XS, Zhu G. Solvent-controlled photocatalytic divergent cyclization of alkynyl aldehydes: access to cyclopentenones and dihydropyranols. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11420-11426. [PMID: 34567496 PMCID: PMC8409468 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03416b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Divergent synthesis is a powerful strategy for the fast assembly of different molecular scaffolds from identical starting materials. We describe here a solvent-controlled photocatalytic divergent cyclization of alkynyl aldehydes with sulfonyl chlorides for the direct construction of highly functionalized cyclopentenones and dihydropyranols that widely exist in bioactive molecules and natural products. Density functional theory calculations suggest that a unique N,N-dimethylacetamide-assisted 1,2-hydrogen transfer of alkoxy radicals is responsible for the cyclopentenone formation, whereas a C–C cleavage accounts for the selective production of dihydropyranols in acetonitrile and water at 50 °C. Given the simple and mild reaction conditions, excellent functional group compatibility, forming up to four chemical bonds, and tunable selectivity, it may find wide applications in synthetic chemistry. A solvent-controlled photocatalytic divergent cyclization of alkynyl aldehydes is developed, providing a facile access to sulfonylated cyclopentenones and dihydropyranols under mild conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Hanliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Jian Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Lichun Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P. R. China
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20
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Yang Z, Niu Y, He X, Chen S, Liu S, Li Z, Chen X, Zhang Y, Lan Y, Shen X. Tuning the reactivity of alkoxyl radicals from 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer to 1,2-silyl transfer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2131. [PMID: 33837201 PMCID: PMC8035221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the reactivity of reactive intermediates is essential to achieve selective transformations. Due to the facile 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), alkoxyl radicals have been proven to be important synthetic intermediates for the δ-functionalization of alcohols. Herein, we disclose a strategy to inhibit 1,5-HAT by introducing a silyl group into the α-position of alkoxyl radicals. The efficient radical 1,2-silyl transfer (SiT) allows us to make various α-functionalized products from alcohol substrates. Compared with the direct generation of α-carbon radicals from oxidation of α-C-H bond of alcohols, the 1,2-SiT strategy distinguishes itself by the generation of alkoxyl radicals, the tolerance of many functional groups, such as intramolecular hydroxyl groups and C-H bonds next to oxygen atoms, and the use of silyl alcohols as limiting reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhong Niu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suo Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Shen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Shin S, Lee S, Choi W, Kim N, Hong S. Visible‐Light‐Induced 1,3‐Aminopyridylation of [1.1.1]Propellane with
N
‐Aminopyridinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Namhoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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22
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23
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Shin S, Lee S, Choi W, Kim N, Hong S. Visible-Light-Induced 1,3-Aminopyridylation of [1.1.1]Propellane with N-Aminopyridinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7873-7879. [PMID: 33403785 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Through the formation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, strain-release aminopyridylation of [1.1.1]propellane with N-aminopyridinium salts as bifunctional reagents enabled the direct installation of amino and pyridyl groups onto bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) frameworks in the absence of an external photocatalyst. The robustness of this method to synthesize 1,3-aminopyridylated BCPs under mild and metal-free conditions is highlighted by the late-stage modification of structurally complex biorelevant molecules. Moreover, the strategy was extended to P-centered and CF3 radicals for the unprecedented incorporation of such functional groups with pyridine across the BCP core in a three-component coupling. This practical method lays the foundation for the straightforward construction of new valuable C4-pyridine-functionalized BCP chemical entities, thus significantly expanding the range of accessibility of BCP-type bioisosteres for applications in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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24
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Yu J, Zhao C, Zhou R, Gao W, Wang S, Liu K, Chen S, Hu K, Mei L, Yuan L, Chai Z, Hu H, Shi W. Visible-Light-Enabled C-H Functionalization by a Direct Hydrogen Atom Transfer Uranyl Photocatalyst. Chemistry 2020; 26:16521-16529. [PMID: 32901978 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of the uranyl cation as a powerful photocatalyst is seriously delayed in comparison with the advances in its fundamental and structural chemistry. However, its characteristic high oxidative capability in the excited state ([UO2 ]2+ * (+2.6 V vs. SHE; SHE=standard hydrogen electrode) combined with blue-light absorption (hv=380-500 nm) and a long-lived fluorescence lifetime up to microseconds have reveals that the uranyl cation approaches an ideal photocatalyst for visible-light-driven organic transformations. Described herein is the successful use of uranyl nitrate as a photocatalyst to enable C(sp3 )-H activation and C-C bond formation through hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) under blue-light irradiation. In particular, this operationally simple strategy provides an appropriate approach to the synthesis of diverse and valuable diarylmethane motifs. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations have provided insights into the detailed mechanism of the photoinduced HAT pathway. This research suggests a general platform that could popularize promising uranyl photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Kongqiu Hu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Liyong Yuan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.,Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P.R. China
| | - Hanshi Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Weiqun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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25
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Chen Y, Liu D, Zhang J. Investigations on the 1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactivity of Alkoxyl Radicals under Visible-Light-Induced Reaction Conditions. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1300-3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe alkoxyl radicals have demonstrated superior hydrogen atom transfer reactivity in organic synthesis due to the strong oxygen–hydrogen bond dissociation energy. However, only the intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and intramolecular 1,5-HAT have been widely studied and synthetically utilized for C(sp3)–H functionalization. This Account summarizes our investigations on the unusual 1,2-HAT reactivity of alkoxyl radicals under visible-light-induced reaction conditions for the α-C–H functionalization. Various mechanistic investigations were discussed in this Account to address three key questions to validate the 1,2-HAT reactivity of alkoxyl radicals.1 Introduction2 Could Aldehydes/Ketones Be the Sole Reaction Intermediate for the α-C–H Allylation? NO3 Is the Alkoxyl Radical Absolutely Involved in the Reaction? YES4 Does the 1,2-HAT of Alkoxyl Radicals Irrefutably Exist? YES5 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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26
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Toward Rational Understandings of α-C-H Functionalization: Energetic Studies of Representative Tertiary Amines. iScience 2020; 23:100851. [PMID: 32058963 PMCID: PMC6997867 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalization of α-C–H bonds of tertiary amines to build various α-C–X bonds has become a mainstream in synthetic chemistry nowadays. However, due to lack of fundamental knowledge on α-C–H bond strength as an energetic guideline, rational exploration of new synthetic methodologies remains a far-reaching anticipation. Herein, we report a unique hydricity-based approach to establish the first integrated energetic scale covering both the homolytic and heterolytic energies of α-C–H bonds for 45 representative tertiary amines and their radical cations. As showcased from the studies on tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) by virtue of their thermodynamic criteria, the feasibility and mechanisms of THIQ oxidation were deduced, which, indeed, were found to correspond well with experimental observations. This integrated scale provides a good example to relate bond energetics with mechanisms and thermodynamic reactivity of amine α-C–H functionalization and hence, may be referenced for analyzing similar structure-property problems for various substrates. A unique hydricity-based methodology for bond energy determination The first integrated α-C–H bond energy scale of tertiary amines Thermodynamics-based diagnosis of the feasibility/mechanism of amine oxidation
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27
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Zhong LJ, Wang HY, Ouyang XH, Li JH, An DL. Benzylic C–H heteroarylation of N-(benzyloxy)phthalimides with cyanopyridines enabled by photoredox 1,2-hydrogen atom transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8671-8674. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03619f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Visible light initiated α-C(sp3)–H hetroarylation of N-(benzyloxy)phthalimides with cyanopyridines via 1,2-hydrogen atom transfer is depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
| | - De-Lie An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
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