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Dermitzakis I, Kampitsi DD, Manthou ME, Evangelidis P, Vakirlis E, Meditskou S, Theotokis P. Ontogeny of Skin Stem Cells and Molecular Underpinnings. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8118-8147. [PMID: 39194698 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin stem cells (SCs) play a pivotal role in supporting tissue homeostasis. Several types of SCs are responsible for maintaining and regenerating skin tissue. These include bulge SCs and others residing in the interfollicular epidermis, infundibulum, isthmus, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The emergence of skin SCs commences during embryogenesis, where multipotent SCs arise from various precursor populations. These early events set the foundation for the diverse pool of SCs that will reside in the adult skin, ready to respond to tissue repair and regeneration demands. A network of molecular cues regulates skin SC behavior, balancing quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation. The disruption of this delicate equilibrium can lead to SC exhaustion, impaired wound healing, and pathological conditions such as skin cancer. The present review explores the intricate mechanisms governing the development, activation, and differentiation of skin SCs, shedding light on the molecular signaling pathways that drive their fate decisions and skin homeostasis. Unraveling the complexities of these molecular drivers not only enhances our fundamental knowledge of skin biology but also holds promise for developing novel strategies to modulate skin SC fate for regenerative medicine applications, ultimately benefiting patients with skin disorders and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Dimitria Kampitsi
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Evangelidis
- Hematology Unit-Hemophilia Centre, 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstratios Vakirlis
- First Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tan IJ, Podwojniak A, Parikh A, Cohen BA. Precision Dermatology: A Review of Molecular Biomarkers and Personalized Therapies. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2975-2990. [PMID: 38666916 PMCID: PMC11049353 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolution of personalized medicine in dermatology signifies a transformative shift towards individualized treatments, driven by the integration of biomarkers. These molecular indicators serve beyond diagnostics, offering insights into disease staging, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. Specific criteria guide biomarker selection, ensuring attributes like specificity, sensitivity, cost feasibility, stability, rapid detection, and reproducibility. This literature review, based on data from PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, explores biomarkers in Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS), Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis (AD), Alopecia Areata (AA), Vitiligo, and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU). In HS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMPs serve as biomarkers, influencing targeted therapies like adalimumab and anakinra. Psoriasis involves biomarkers such as TNF-α, IL-23, and HLA genes, shaping treatments like IL23 and IL17 inhibitors. AD biomarkers include ECP, IL-4, IL-13, guiding therapies like dupilumab and tralokinumab. For AA, lipocalin-2, cytokines, and genetic polymorphisms inform JAK inhibitors' use. Vitiligo biomarkers range from cytokines to genetic markers like TYR, TYRP1, guiding treatments like JAK inhibitors. CSU biomarkers encompass IgE, cytokines, and autologous serum tests, influencing therapies like omalizumab and cyclosporine. Comparing conditions, common proinflammatory markers reveal limited specificity. While some biomarkers aid diagnosis and standard treatments, others hold more scientific than clinical value. Precision medicine, driven by biomarkers, has shown success in skin malignancies. Future directions involve AI-powered algorithms, nanotechnology, and multi-omics integration for personalized dermatological care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella J. Tan
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Steet, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (I.J.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Alicia Podwojniak
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, 113 E Laurel Road, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA;
| | - Aarushi Parikh
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Steet, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (I.J.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Bernard A. Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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To TT, Oparaugo NC, Kheshvadjian AR, Nelson AM, Agak GW. Understanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin Connection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2021. [PMID: 38396697 PMCID: PMC10888374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a diverse population of lymphocytes classified into natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and ILCregs, broadly following the cytokine secretion and transcription factor profiles of classical T cell subsets. Nonetheless, the ILC lineage does not have rearranged antigen-specific receptors and possesses distinct characteristics. ILCs are found in barrier tissues such as the skin, lungs, and intestines, where they play a role between acquired immune cells and myeloid cells. Within the skin, ILCs are activated by the microbiota and, in turn, may influence the microbiome composition and modulate immune function through cytokine secretion or direct cellular interactions. In particular, ILC3s provide epithelial protection against extracellular bacteria. However, the mechanism by which these cells modulate skin health and homeostasis in response to microbiome changes is unclear. To better understand how ILC3s function against microbiota perturbations in the skin, we propose a role for these cells in response to Cutibacterium acnes, a predominant commensal bacterium linked to the inflammatory skin condition, acne vulgaris. In this article, we review current evidence describing the role of ILC3s in the skin and suggest functional roles by drawing parallels with ILC3s from other organs. We emphasize the limited understanding and knowledge gaps of ILC3s in the skin and discuss the potential impact of ILC3-microbiota crosstalk in select skin diseases. Exploring the dialogue between the microbiota and ILC3s may lead to novel strategies to ameliorate skin immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Tam To
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicole Chizara Oparaugo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander R. Kheshvadjian
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amanda M. Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - George W. Agak
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Zielińska M, Pawłowska A, Orzeł A, Sulej L, Muzyka-Placzyńska K, Baran A, Filipecka-Tyczka D, Pawłowska P, Nowińska A, Bogusławska J, Scholz A. Wound Microbiota and Its Impact on Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17318. [PMID: 38139146 PMCID: PMC10743523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process influenced by age, systemic conditions, and local factors. The wound microbiota's crucial role in this process is gaining recognition. This concise review outlines wound microbiota impacts on healing, emphasizing distinct phases like hemostasis, inflammation, and cell proliferation. Inflammatory responses, orchestrated by growth factors and cytokines, recruit neutrophils and monocytes to eliminate pathogens and debris. Notably, microbiota alterations relate to changes in wound healing dynamics. Commensal bacteria influence immune responses, keratinocyte growth, and blood vessel development. For instance, Staphylococcus epidermidis aids keratinocyte progression, while Staphylococcus aureus colonization impedes healing. Other bacteria like Group A Streptococcus spp. And Pseudomonas affect wound healing as well. Clinical applications of microbiota-based wound care are promising, with probiotics and specific bacteria like Acinetobacter baumannii aiding tissue repair through molecule secretion. Understanding microbiota influence on wound healing offers therapeutic avenues. Tailored approaches, including probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics, can manipulate the microbiota to enhance immune modulation, tissue repair, and inflammation control. Despite progress, critical questions linger. Determining the ideal microbiota composition for optimal wound healing, elucidating precise influence mechanisms, devising effective manipulation strategies, and comprehending the intricate interplay between the microbiota, host, and other factors require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Zielińska
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Agnieszka Pawłowska
- Students Research Group of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at St. Sophia Hospital, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.)
| | - Anna Orzeł
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Luiza Sulej
- Students Research Group of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at St. Sophia Hospital, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Muzyka-Placzyńska
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Arkadiusz Baran
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Dagmara Filipecka-Tyczka
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Paulina Pawłowska
- Students Scientific Association, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Nowińska
- Students Scientific Association, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Bogusławska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Scholz
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.O.)
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Bai R, Guo Y, Liu W, Song Y, Yu Z, Ma X. The Roles of WNT Signaling Pathways in Skin Development and Mechanical-Stretch-Induced Skin Regeneration. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1702. [PMID: 38136575 PMCID: PMC10741662 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway plays a critical role in a variety of biological processes, including development, adult tissue homeostasis maintenance, and stem cell regulation. Variations in skin conditions can influence the expression of the WNT signaling pathway. In light of the above, a deeper understanding of the specific mechanisms of the WNT signaling pathway in different physiological and pathological states of the skin holds the potential to significantly advance clinical treatments of skin-related diseases. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the WNT signaling pathway in skin development, wound healing, and mechanical stretching. Our review sheds new light on the crucial role of the WNT signaling pathway in the regulation of skin physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxue Bai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yaotao Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of The Cadet Team 6, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yajuan Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xianjie Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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Veniaminova NA, Jia YY, Hartigan AM, Huyge TJ, Tsai SY, Grachtchouk M, Nakagawa S, Dlugosz AA, Atwood SX, Wong SY. Distinct mechanisms for sebaceous gland self-renewal and regeneration provide durability in response to injury. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113121. [PMID: 37715952 PMCID: PMC10591672 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sebaceous glands (SGs) release oils that protect our skin, but how these glands respond to injury has not been previously examined. Here, we report that SGs are largely self-renewed by dedicated stem cell pools during homeostasis. Using targeted single-cell RNA sequencing, we uncovered both direct and indirect paths by which resident SG progenitors ordinarily differentiate into sebocytes, including transit through a Krt5+PPARγ+ transitional basal cell state. Upon skin injury, however, SG progenitors depart their niche, reepithelialize the wound, and are replaced by hair-follicle-derived stem cells. Furthermore, following targeted genetic ablation of >99% of SGs from dorsal skin, these glands unexpectedly regenerate within weeks. This regenerative process is mediated by alternative stem cells originating from the hair follicle bulge, is dependent upon FGFR2 signaling, and can be accelerated by inducing hair growth. Altogether, our studies demonstrate that stem cell plasticity promotes SG durability following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Veniaminova
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yunlong Y Jia
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Adrien M Hartigan
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas J Huyge
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shih-Ying Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marina Grachtchouk
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seitaro Nakagawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, Department of Cutaneous Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andrzej A Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Scott X Atwood
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Sunny Y Wong
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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7
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Veniaminova NA, Jia Y, Hartigan AM, Huyge TJ, Tsai SY, Grachtchouk M, Nakagawa S, Dlugosz AA, Atwood SX, Wong SY. Distinct mechanisms for sebaceous gland self-renewal and regeneration provide durability in response to injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539454. [PMID: 37205445 PMCID: PMC10187279 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sebaceous glands (SGs) release oils that protect our skin, but how these glands respond to injury has not been previously examined. Here, we report that SGs are largely self-renewed by dedicated stem cell pools during homeostasis. Using targeted single cell RNA-sequencing, we uncovered both direct and indirect paths by which these resident SG progenitors ordinarily differentiate into sebocytes, including transit through a PPARγ+Krt5+ transitional cell state. Upon skin injury, however, SG progenitors depart their niche, reepithelialize the wound, and are replaced by hair follicle-derived stem cells. Furthermore, following targeted genetic ablation of >99% of SGs from dorsal skin, these glands unexpectedly regenerate within weeks. This regenerative process is mediated by alternative stem cells originating from the hair follicle bulge, is dependent upon FGFR signaling, and can be accelerated by inducing hair growth. Altogether, our studies demonstrate that stem cell plasticity promotes SG durability following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Veniaminova
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yunlong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Adrien M. Hartigan
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas J. Huyge
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shih-Ying Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marina Grachtchouk
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seitaro Nakagawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrzej A. Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Scott X. Atwood
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sunny Y. Wong
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Lead Contact:
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