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Dang P, Wang F, Yu H. Prognostic potential of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio in acute myocardial infarction patients combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1401634. [PMID: 39070559 PMCID: PMC11272454 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1401634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is considered to play an important role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the relationship between inflammation and poor prognosis in these patients has not yet been studied. Methods We enrolled AMI patients combined with COPD and divided them into three groups according to the tertiles of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) respectively. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for in-hospital all-cause death in these patients. Covariates were adjusted stepwise to determine the association between inflammatory markers and poor prognosis. Also, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the greatest predictive indicator for all-cause death. Results A total of 281 AMI patients combined with COPD were enrolled, of which 31 experienced in-hospital mortality. The risk of all-cause death was significantly higher among those with higher NLR. The highest tertile of NLR was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause death (all P < 0.05). This association remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors [Odds Ratio (OR): 10.571, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.307-48.442, P = 0.002]. Moreover, compared to MLR and PLR, NLR had the highest predictive value for all-cause death [area under the curve (AUC): 0.764, 95% CI: 0.681-0.847]. Conclusion In AMI patients combined with COPD, elevated levels of inflammation were associated with increased all-cause mortality. Compared to other inflammatory indicators, NLR may provide a more superior predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhu Dang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Feiyang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Recent advances in function and structure of two leukotriene B 4 receptors: BLT1 and BLT2. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115178. [PMID: 35850310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is generated by the enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid, which is then released from the cell membrane and acts as a potent activator of leukocytes and other inflammatory cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated the physiological and pathophysiological significance of this lipid in various diseases. LTB4 exerts its activities by binding to its specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): BLT1 and BLT2. In mouse disease models, treatment with BLT1 antagonists or BLT1 gene ablation attenuated various diseases, including bronchial asthma, arthritis, and psoriasis, whereas BLT2 deficiency exacerbated several diseases in the skin, cornea, and small intestine. Therefore, BLT1 inhibitors and BLT2 activators could be beneficial for the treatment of several inflammatory and immune disorders. As a result, attractive compounds targeting LTB4 receptors have been developed by several pharmaceutical companies. This review aims to understand the potential of BLT1 and BLT2 as therapeutic targets for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. In addition, recent topics are discussed with major focuses on the structure and post-translational modifications of BLT1 and BLT2. Collectively, current evidence on modulating LTB4 receptor functions provides new strategies for the treatment of various diseases.
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Bie X, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Wang X, Luan Y, Wang Y, Yang S, Xu L, Zhang X, Zhou B, Dong H, Xu Y, Yang D, Zheng H, He Y. Epigenetic regulation mechanism of DNA methylation and miRNAs on the expression of the ALOX5AP gene in patients with ischemic stroke. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1484. [PMID: 34765025 PMCID: PMC8576617 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), encoded by the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) gene, can adjust the biogenesis of proinflammatory leukotrienes to increase the adhesion and permeability of the vascular internal wall. Moreover, it participates in the process of atherosclerosis and is closely associated with ischemic stroke (IS). Accumulating evidence has shown that the expression levels of the ALOX5AP gene are upregulated in patients with IS. However, the mechanism of ALOX5AP action in IS remain elusive. The present study hypothesized that epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation and microRNA (miR/miRNA) regulation, affects the expression levels of the ALOX5AP gene. Therefore, 200 patients with a first diagnosis of acute IS and 200 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the present study. Initially, the mRNA expression levels of the ALOX5AP gene were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. It was found that the mRNA levels of ALOX5AP gene in the IS group were significantly higher compared with controls (P<0.05). Subsequently, the methylation status of 17 CpG sites located in the promoter region of ALOX5AP was assessed by MethyTarget sequencing. However, the levels of methylation exhibited no significant differences between IS and control groups (P>0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of miR-335 and miR-495 were examined as two potential miRNAs targeting the ALOX5AP gene. The expression levels of miR-335 and miR-495 in the IS group were significantly lower compared with the control group (P<0.05). Finally, the luciferase assay results indicated that the luciferase activity of the experimental group following co-transfection of miRNA mimic and wild-type reporter gene plasmid was significantly lower compared with the other experimental groups (P<0.05), suggesting that miR-335 and miR-495 could specifically bind to the 3'-untranslated region of the ALOX5AP gene, thereby downregulating its expression. The present study provided preliminary evidence demonstrating that epigenetic regulation affects the expression of the ALOX5AP gene in patients with IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Bie
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Genetics of Anyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojing Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoou Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Luan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuanli Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shangdong Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Xu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xuran Zhang
- Medical Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Baixue Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Dongzhi Yang
- School of Life Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Lin G, Dai C, Xu K, Wu M. Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and red cell distribution width on death for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11506. [PMID: 34075154 PMCID: PMC8169857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many clinical scoring criteria for predicting the risk of death in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but most of the indicators are complex to calculate and are not suitable for use in primary hospitals. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red cell distribution width (RDW) are blood routine indicators that are easy to obtain and may help primary hospitals to evaluate the risk of death in patients with STEMI. Our aim was to explore the predictive value of NLR combined with RDW in the long-term prognosis of patients with STEMI after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 181 patients with STEMI who underwent emergency PCI in the Affiliated Hospital of Pu-tian University from January 2017 to August 2018 were selected. Clinical profile, prognosis of all patients were collected. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. In all patients, cardiovascular death during the follow-up period was defined as cardiovascular death group, and surviving during the follow-up period was defined as survival group. There were no significant differences in demography and comorbidities between the two groups. The differences between the two groups in NLR, RDW, C-reactive protein, N-terminal-pro B type natriuretic peptide were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that NLR (OR = 1.122, 95% CI 1.041 ~ 1.210, P = 0.003) and RDW (OR = 1.288, 95% CI 1.126 ~ 1.472, P = 0.0005) were important predictors of mortality in patients with STEMI (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that as the NLR increased, the risk of death increased (P < 0.001). In conclusion, NLR and RDW are independent predictors of cardiovascular death in patients with STEMI, and they have a certain predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian University, No. 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China.
| | - Caizhi Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian University, No. 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Kaizu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian University, No. 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Meifang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian University, No. 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
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Yang Y, Xu Y, Wang J, Zhai X, Jiang H. Predictive efficacy of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for long-term prognosis in new onset acute coronary syndrome: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:500. [PMID: 33256605 PMCID: PMC7706201 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of coronary artery diseases (CADs), including acute coronary syndrome. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been identified as a novel marker of the pro-inflammatory state. We aimed to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the NLR for the prognosis of patients with new-onset ACS. METHODS We retrospectively included consecutive patients with new-onset ACS treated with emergency coronary angiography. NLR was measured at baseline and analyzed by tertiles. The severity of coronary lesions was evaluated by the Gensini score. Correlations of NLR with the severity of CAD and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular diseases (MACEs) during follow-up were determined. RESULTS Overall, 737 patients were included. The NLR was positively correlated with the severity of coronary lesions as assessed by Gensini score (P < 0.05). During the follow-up period (mean, 43.49 ± 23.97 months), 65 MACEs occurred. No significant association was detected between baseline NLR and the risk of MACEs during follow-up by either Kaplan-Meier or Cox regression analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that a higher NLR was independently associated with coronary lesion severity as measured by the Gensini score (1st tertile vs. 3rd tertile hazard ratio [HR]: 0.527, P < 0.001, and 2nd tertile vs. 3rd tertile HR: 0.474, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS The NLR may be associated with coronary disease severity at baseline but is not associated with adverse outcomes in patients with new-onset ACS. ETHICS APPROVAL NUMBER 2019XE0208.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology Fourth Ward, The Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- The People's Hospital of Xuancheng City, Anhui, 242000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The People's Hospital of Xuancheng City, Anhui, 242000, China
| | - Xueqin Zhai
- Department of Cardiology Fourth Ward, The Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Haibing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology Fourth Ward, The Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Calcagno C, Lairez O, Hawkins J, Kerr SW, Dugas MS, Simpson T, Epskamp J, Robson PM, Eldib M, Bander I, K-Raman P, Ramachandran S, Pruzan A, Kaufman A, Mani V, Ehlgen A, Niessen HG, Broadwater J, Fayad ZA. Combined PET/DCE-MRI in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis: Integrated Quantification of Plaque Inflammation, Permeability, and Burden During Treatment With a Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase Inhibitor. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 11:291-301. [PMID: 29413439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors sought to develop combined positron emission tomography (PET) dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify plaque inflammation, permeability, and burden to evaluate the efficacy of a leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) inhibitor in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. BACKGROUND Multimodality PET/MRI allows combining the quantification of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, neovascularization, permeability, and burden by combined 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET, DCE-MRI, and morphological MRI. The authors describe a novel, integrated PET-DCE/MRI protocol to noninvasively quantify these parameters in aortic plaques of a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. As proof-of-concept, the authors apply this protocol to assess the efficacy of the novel LTA4H inhibitor BI691751. METHODS New Zealand White male rabbits (N = 49) were imaged with integrated PET-DCE/MRI after atherosclerosis induction and 1 and 3 months after randomization into 3 groups: 1) placebo; 2) high-dose BI691751; and 3) low-dose BI691751. All animals were euthanized at the end of the study. RESULTS Among the several metrics that were quantified, only maximum standardized uptake value and target-to-background ratio by 18F-FDG PET showed a modest, but significant, reduction in plaque inflammation in rabbits treated with low-dose BI691751 (p = 0.03), whereas no difference was detected in the high-fat diet and in the high-dose BI691751 groups. No differences in vessel wall area by MRI and area under the curve by DCE-MRI were detected in any of the groups. No differences in neovessel and macrophage density were found at the end of study among groups. CONCLUSIONS The authors present a comprehensive, integrated 18F-FDG PET and DCE-MRI imaging protocol to noninvasively quantify plaque inflammation, neovasculature, permeability, and burden in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis on a simultaneous PET/MRI scanner. A modest reduction was found in plaque inflammation by 18F-FDG PET in the group treated with a low dose of the LTA4H inhibitor BI691751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calcagno
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Olivier Lairez
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging Center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Hawkins
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Steven W Kerr
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Melanie S Dugas
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Thomas Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Jelle Epskamp
- Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip M Robson
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mootaz Eldib
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ilda Bander
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Purushothaman K-Raman
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York
| | - Sarayu Ramachandran
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alison Pruzan
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Audrey Kaufman
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Venkatesh Mani
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexander Ehlgen
- Department of Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Heiko G Niessen
- Department of Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - John Broadwater
- Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Karadeniz E, Bayramoğlu A, Atamanalp SS. Sensitivity and Specificity of the Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio and the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Diagnosing Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in Patients Operated on for the Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. J INVEST SURG 2019; 33:774-781. [PMID: 30885018 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2019.1566418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The present study aims to determine whether various hematological parameters and ratios of patients could be used to diagnose AMI. Materials and Methods: The subjects of the study are the patients who were hospitalized with an acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) pre-diagnosis and underwent surgery as a consequence. The patients who were determined to have the diagnosis of AMI intraoperatively are categorized in the AMI Group. The patients whose operations do not reveal AMI (negative exploration) are categorized in the Control Group. These two groups are compared in terms of hematological parameters and rates. Results: In the study, the PLR (p = 0.017), NLR (p = 0.33), PDW (0.023), RDW (p = 0.025) values are significantly higher in the AMI group compared to the control group while the LYMP (p = 0.023) count is significantly lower. Conclusions: For the patients admitted to the emergency clinics with suspected AMI, the increased PLR, NLR, PDW, and RDW values together with the reduced lymphocyte count can be used to support the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Karadeniz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Atıf Bayramoğlu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Role of the high-affinity leukotriene B4 receptor signaling in fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0202842. [PMID: 30818366 PMCID: PMC6394974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a lipid mediator that acts as a potent chemoattractant for inflammatory leukocytes. Kidney fibrosis is caused by migrating inflammatory cells and kidney-resident cells. Here, we examined the role of the high-affinity LTB4 receptor BLT1 during development of kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in wild-type (WT) mice and BLT1 knockout (BLT1-/-) mice. We found elevated expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), which generates LTB4, in the renal tubules of UUO kidneys from WT mice and BLT1-/- mice. Accumulation of immunoreactive type I collagen in WT UUO kidneys increased over time; however, the increase was less prominent in BLT1-/- UUO kidneys. Accumulation of S100A4-positive fibroblasts increased temporally in WT UUO kidneys, but was again less pronounced in-BLT1-/- UUO kidneys. The same was true of mRNA encoding transforming growth factor-β (TGF)-β and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Finally, accumulation of F4/80-positive macrophages, which secrete TGF-β, increased temporally in WT UUO and BLT1-/- UUO kidneys, but to a lesser extent in the latter. Following LTB4 stimulation in vitro, macrophages showed increased expression of mRNA encoding TGF-β/FGF-2 and Col1a1, whereas L929 fibroblasts showed increased expression of mRNA encoding α smooth muscle actin (SMA). Bone marrow (BM) transplantation studies revealed that the area positive for type I collagen was significantly smaller in BLT1-/—BM→WT than in WT-BM→WT. Thus, LTB4-BLT1 signaling plays a critical role in fibrosis in UUO kidneys by increasing accumulation of macrophages and fibroblasts. Therefore, blocking BLT1 may prevent renal fibrosis.
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Ventura MT, Boni E, Cecere R, Buquicchio R, Calogiuri GF, Martignago I, Incorvaia C, Ridolo E. Importance of hypersensitivity in adverse reactions to drugs in the elderly. Clin Mol Allergy 2018; 16:7. [PMID: 29618951 PMCID: PMC5880019 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-018-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of drugs in the elderly is very extensive because of the frequent occurrence of chronic diseases. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) commonly occur in geriatric patients receiving multiple therapeutic regimens. In the literature, little attention has been given to ADRs in the elderly, and particularly to allergic reactions. Objective The aim of the present study is to provide data on possible inappropriate prescriptions in the elderly in relation to allergic reactions and to identify a list of drugs which are likely inducers of allergic reactions. Methods We retrospectively evaluated ADRs in patients referring to Immunoallergy Unit of Hospital Policlinico in Bari on the basis of Beers criteria. Among adverse reactions, hypersensitivity reactions were extracted and a comparison between different age groups was assessed. Results Out of 823 patients with ADRs, in 30.6% hypersensitivity drug reactions (HDR) were diagnosed. Data about drug intake, comorbidities and clinical presentation were collected, aiming to identify possible risk factors. An evaluation of drugs most commonly involved was assessed. Conclusions HDR are reported to represent 5-10% of all ADRs, while in our study population the prevalence was about 30%. This suggests the need to develop strategies to minimize the incidence of drug allergy in the elderly, as well to reduce the phenomenon of inappropriate prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosa Cecere
- 1Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosalba Buquicchio
- 1Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Irene Martignago
- 4Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Erminia Ridolo
- 4Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Shen Z, Ma Y, Ji Z, Hao Y, Yan X, Zhong Y, Tang X, Ren W. Arachidonic acid induces macrophage cell cycle arrest through the JNK signaling pathway. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:26. [PMID: 29426338 PMCID: PMC5807765 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arachidonic acid (AA) has potent pro-apoptotic effects on cancer cells at a low concentration and on macrophages at a very high concentration. However, the effects of AA on the macrophage cell cycle and related signaling pathways have not been fully investigated. Herein we aim to observe the effect of AA on macrophages cell cycle. Results AA exposure reduced the viability and number of macrophages in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The reduction in RAW264.7 cell viability was not caused by apoptosis, as indicated by caspase-3 and activated caspase-3 detection. Further research illustrated that AA exposure induced RAW264.7 cell cycle arrested at S phase, and some cell cycle-regulated proteins were altered accordingly. Moreover, JNK signaling was stimulated by AA, and the stimulation was partially reversed by a JNK signaling inhibitor in accordance with cell cycle-related factors. In addition, nuclear and total Foxo1/3a and phosphorylated Foxo1/3a were elevated by AA in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and this elevation was suppressed by the JNK signaling inhibitor. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that AA inhibits macrophage viability by inducing S phase cell cycle arrest. The JNK signaling pathway and the downstream FoxO transcription factors are involved in AA-induced RAW264.7 cell cycle arrest. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0673-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Shen
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi'an Road, 5333#, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Yunqing Ma
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi'an Road, 5333#, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Zhonghao Ji
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi'an Road, 5333#, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Yang Hao
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi'an Road, 5333#, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Xuan Yan
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi'an Road, 5333#, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi'an Road, 5333#, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi'an Road, 5333#, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Wenzhi Ren
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi'an Road, 5333#, Jilin, 130062, China.
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11
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Xu N, Tang XF, Yao Y, Zhao X, Chen J, Gao Z, Yang Y, Gao RL, Xu B, Yuan JQ. Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in long-term outcomes of left main and/or three-vessel disease in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 91:551-557. [PMID: 29330938 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beilishi Road No. 167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
- Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beilishi Road No. 167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
- Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beilishi Road No. 167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
- Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan- Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beilishi Road No. 167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
- Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
| | - Jue- Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beilishi Road No. 167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
- Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan- Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beilishi Road No. 167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
- Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejin- Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beilishi Road No. 167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
- Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beilishi Road No. 167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
- Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beilishi Road No. 167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
- Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Qing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beilishi Road No. 167, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
- Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100037 People's Republic of China
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12
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Abstract
The high affinity leukotriene B4 receptor, BLT1 mediates chemotaxis of diverse leukocyte subsets to the sites of infection or inflammation. Whereas the pathological functions of LTB4/BLT1 axis in allergy, autoimmunity and cardiovascular disorders are well established; its role in cancer is only beginning to emerge. In this review, we summarize recent findings on LTB4/BLT1 axis enabling distinct outcomes toward tumor progression. In a mouse lung tumor model promoted by silicosis-induced inflammation, genetic deletion of BLT1 attenuated neutrophilic inflammation and tumor promotion. In contrast, in a spontaneous model of intestinal tumorigenesis, absence of BLT1 led to defective mucosal host response, altered microbiota and bacteria dependent colon tumor progression. Furthermore, BLT1 mediated CD8+ T cell recruitment was shown to be essential for initiating anti-tumor immunity in number of xenograft models and is critical for effective PD1 based immunotherapy. BLT2 mediated chemotherapy resistance, tumor promotion and metastasis are also discussed. This new information points to a paradigm shift in our understanding of the LTB4 pathways in cancer.
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13
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Xu W, Wei Z, Dong J, Duan F, Chen K, Chen C, Liu J, Yang X, Chen L, Xiao H, Liu A. Global Metabolomics Reveals the Metabolic Dysfunction in Ox-LDL Induced Macrophage-Derived Foam Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:586. [PMID: 28912717 PMCID: PMC5583968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic disorder of large arteries that is a major risk factors of high morbidity and mortality. Oxidative modification LDL is one of the important contributors to atherogenesis. Macrophages take up ox-LDL and convert into foam cells, which is the hallmark of AS. To advance the understanding of the metabolic perturbation involved in ox-LDL induced macrophage-derived foam cells and discover the potential biomarkers of early AS, a global metabolomics approach was applied based on UHPLC-QTOF/MS. Multivariate statistical analyses identified five metabolites (25-azacholesterol, anandamide, glycocholate, oleoyl ethanolamide, and 3-oxo-4, 6-choladienoate) for distinguishing foamy macrophages from controls. Among the six main metabolic pathways, the unsaturated fatty acid, especially arachidonic acid metabolism, contributed importantly to early AS. A new biomarker, anandamide (AEA), whose synthesis and metabolism in macrophages are disturbed by overloaded ox-LDL, results in metabolic obstruction. This study is the first to investigate the metabolic disturbance in macrophage-derived foam cells induced by ox-LDL and screen potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with early AS. Our findings provide a new insight in the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and also help to identify novel targets for the intervention of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Ziyi Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Feipeng Duan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Kuikui Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Lianming Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - An Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
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14
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Consumption of Red Meat, but Not Cooking Oils High in Polyunsaturated Fat, Is Associated with Higher Arachidonic Acid Status in Singapore Chinese Adults. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020101. [PMID: 28146136 PMCID: PMC5331532 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) status may have adverse effects on inflammation and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Concerns about high intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are based on the premise that endogenous conversion from linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) is an important source of AA, but few population-based studies have investigated dietary determinants of AA status. In this study, we examined habitual food consumption in relation to plasma concentrations of AA and other PUFAs in population-based studies. We used cross-sectional data from 269 healthy, ethnic Chinese participants (25–80 years old) with contrasting intakes of fish and red meat from the Singapore Prospective Study Program and 769 healthy participants (44–74 years old) from the Singapore Chinese Health Study as a validation set. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine PUFA intake (% energy) and food sources of PUFA (fish, red meat, poultry, soy and cooking oils) in relation to plasma PUFAs (AA, LA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20:3n-6), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3)) concentrations. Higher intake of red meat was associated with higher plasma AA concentrations. High intake of PUFA or PUFA-rich oils was associated with higher plasma ALA but not with plasma AA. Higher intakes of soy were associated with higher ALA and fish with higher DHA and EPA concentrations. These associations were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in both studies. Red meat consumption, but not PUFA or PUFA-rich cooking oil, was associated with circulating AA suggesting that intake of pre-formed AA rather than LA is an important determinant of AA status. A diet high in fish, soy products and polyunsaturated cooking oil, and low in red meat may be associated with an optimal plasma profile of PUFA in this Chinese population.
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15
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Ertem AG, Ozcelik F, Kasapkara HA, Koseoglu C, Bastug S, Ayhan H, Sari C, Akar Bayram N, Bilen E, Durmaz T, Keles T, Bozkurt E. Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Left Ventricular Apical Thrombus in Patients with Myocardial Infarction. Korean Circ J 2016; 46:768-773. [PMID: 27826334 PMCID: PMC5099331 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.46.6.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined the role of inflammatory parameters in an apical mural thrombus with a reduced ejection fraction due to large anterior myocardial infarction (MI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 103 patients who had suffered from heart failure, 45 of whom had left ventricular apical thrombus (AT) after a large anterior MI, were enrolled in the study. A detailed clinical history was taken of each participant, biochemical inflammatory markers, which were obtained during admission, were analyzed and an echocardiographical and angiographical evaluation of specific parameters were performed. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in terms of age, gender, and history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation between both groups (p>0.05). Similarly there were no statistically significant differences in terms of biochemical and echocardiographic parameters (p>0.05). However, there were significant differences in terms of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (p=0.032). After a multivariate regression analysis, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was an independent predictor of thrombus formation (β: 0.296, p=0.024). The NLR >2.74 had a 78% sensivity and 61% specifity in predicting thrombus in patients with a low left ventricular ejection fraction. CONCLUSION In this study, neutrophil lymphocyte ratios were significantly higher in patients with apical thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Goktug Ertem
- Department of Cardiology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Ozcelik
- Department of Cardiology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Cemal Koseoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdal Bastug
- Department of Cardiology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Ayhan
- Department of Cardiology, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cenk Sari
- Department of Cardiology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihal Akar Bayram
- Department of Cardiology, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Bilen
- Department of Cardiology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tahir Durmaz
- Department of Cardiology, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Telat Keles
- Department of Cardiology, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Engin Bozkurt
- Department of Cardiology, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Ye ZN, Zhuang Z, Wu LY, Liu JP, Chen Q, Zhang XS, Zhou ML, Zhang ZH, Li W, Wang XL, Hang CH. Expression and cell distribution of leukotriene B4 receptor 1 in the rat brain cortex after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain Res 2016; 1652:127-134. [PMID: 27725151 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Convincing evidence supports that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-meditated inflammation contributes to the adverse prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and pathologic neutrophil accumulation after SAH in the brain parenchyma enhances the inflammatory process. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a highly potent lipid chemoattractant of neutrophils, and its biological effects are mediated primarily through the high-affinity LTB4 receptor 1 (BLT1). It is verified that NF-κB-dependent BLT1 mediates LTB4 signaling and LTB4 stimulates NF-κB-dependent inflammation via BLT1. This study aimed to determine the expression and cell distribution of BLT1 in the brain cortex after SAH and investigate the potential relationship between protein expressions of BLT1 and NF-κB. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into sham group and SAH groups at 6h, 12h and on day 1, day 2 and day 3 (n=6 for each subgroup). SAH groups suffered experimental SAH by injecting 0.3ml autologous blood into the prechiasmatic cistern. BLT1 expression was measured by real-time PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Nuclear expression of p65 protein, the major subunit of NF-κB, was also detected by western blot. Our data showed that the expression levels of BLT1 and nuclear p65 protein were both markedly increased after SAH. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between BLT1 and nuclear p65 protein expressions in the same specific time course. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that BLT1 were mainly expressed in neurons, microglia and endothelial cells rather than astrocytes after SAH. These results suggest that BLT1 may participate in the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response after SAH, and there might be important implications for further studies using specific BLT1 antagonists to attenuate the NF-κB-mediated inflammation after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Nan Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Peng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Liang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Huan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongdu Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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17
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BLT1 signalling protects the liver against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by preventing excessive accumulation of hepatic neutrophils. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29650. [PMID: 27404729 PMCID: PMC4939602 DOI: 10.1038/srep29650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils. Signalling of LTB4 receptor type 1 (BLT1) has pro-inflammatory functions through neutrophil recruitment. In this study, we investigated whether BLT1 signalling plays a role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury by affecting inflammatory responses including the accumulation of hepatic neutrophils. BLT1-knockout (BLT1−/−) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts were subjected to a single APAP overdose (300 mg/kg), and various parameters compared within 24 h after treatment. Compared with WT mice, BLT1−/− mice exhibited exacerbation of APAP-induced liver injury as evidenced by enhancement of alanine aminotransferase level, necrotic area, hepatic neutrophil accumulation, and expression of cytokines and chemokines. WT mice co-treated with APAP and ONO-0457, a specific antagonist for BLT1, displayed amplification of the injury, and similar results to those observed in BLT1−/− mice. Hepatic neutrophils in BLT1−/− mice during APAP hepatotoxicity showed increases in the production of reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Administration of isolated BLT1-deficient neutrophils into WT mice aggravated the liver injury elicited by APAP. These results demonstrate that BLT1 signalling dampens the progression of APAP hepatotoxicity through inhibiting an excessive accumulation of activated neutrophils. The development of a specific agonist for BLT1 could be useful for the prevention of APAP hepatotoxicity.
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18
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Tsen SY, Tan XY, Tan YM, Yan BY, Loke WM. Relative Inhibitions of 5-Lipoxygenase and Myeloperoxidase and Free-Radical Scavenging Activities of Daidzein, Dihydrodaidzein, and Equol. J Med Food 2016; 19:543-8. [PMID: 27027338 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of bioavailability and metabolic transformation on the biological activities of daidzein are relatively unknown. The effects of daidzein, dihydrodaidzein, and equol at physiologically relevant concentrations on the production of leukotriene B4 and F2-isoprostanes, and myeloperoxidase enzyme activity in freshly isolated human neutrophils were examined. Equol, at physiological concentrations, inhibited leukotriene B4 production (IC50-200 nmol/L) in human neutrophils significantly more than daidzein and dihydrodaidzein (IC50 values >1000 nmol/L). Daidzein, dihydrodaidzein, and equol did not affect the enzymatic hydrolysis of leukotriene A4 to leukotriene B4, suggesting that they exerted their inhibitory effects on the 5-lipoxygenase activity. Daidzein (IC50 = 600 nmol/L) protected against free radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid significantly more than did equol and dihydrodaidzein (IC50 values >1000 nmol/L). Equol also showed significantly greater inhibition of myeloperoxidase activity (IC50 = 450 nmol/L) when compared to daidzein and dihydrodaidzein. Equol accumulated within the human neutrophils at significantly higher concentrations than daidzein and dihydrodaidzein after incubation with the three compounds at physiologically relevant concentrations. Neutrophils were able to accumulate intracellular daidzein, dihydrodaidzein, and equol up to a concentration of ∼600 nmol/L. Our results provide in vitro evidence that the biological activities of daidzein are profoundly influenced by bioavailability and metabolic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yih Tsen
- 1 Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical and Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore .,2 Centre for Functional Food & Human Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Tan
- 1 Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical and Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Mei Tan
- 1 Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical and Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bao Yi Yan
- 1 Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical and Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Mun Loke
- 1 Food Science & Nutrition Group, School of Chemical and Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore .,2 Centre for Functional Food & Human Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences , Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Novel hematologic inflammatory parameters to predict acute mesenteric ischemia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2016; 27:127-30. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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20
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Sharma RK, Chheda ZS, Jala VR, Haribabu B. Regulation of cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte trafficking to tumors by chemoattractants: implications for immunotherapy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:537-49. [PMID: 25482400 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.982101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as an important treatment modality. FDA approval of provenge, ipilimumab and pembrolizumab has started to deliver on the long awaited promise of cancer immunotherapy. Many new modalities of immunotherapies targeting cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) responses, such as adoptive cell therapies and vaccines, are in advanced clinical trials. In all these immunotherapies, migration of CTLs to the tumor site is a critical step for achieving therapeutic efficacy. However, inefficient infiltration of activated CTLs into established tumors is increasingly being recognized as one of the major hurdles limiting efficacy. Mechanisms that control migration of CTLs to tumors are poorly defined. In this review, the authors discuss the chemoattractants and their receptors that have been implicated in endogenous- or immunotherapy-induced CTL recruitment to tumors and the potential for targeting these pathways for therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Sharma
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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21
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Ke X, Wu X, Guo H, Li Q. Association of ALOX5AP rs10507391/SG13S114 A>T polymorphism with cerebral infarction in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis study. Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:726-32. [PMID: 25242267 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.967769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have investigated that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs10507391/SG13S114 A>T polymorphism could increase the risk of cerebral infarction, however these results still remain controversial. Therefore we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the association of the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein gene (ALOX5AP) rs10507391/SG13S114 A > T polymorphism with the incidence of cerebral infarction in the Chinese population. Our researchers searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science databases, China Biological Medicine Database (CBMD), Wanfang Chinese database, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled to assess the strength of the association between the ALOX5AP rs10507391/SG13S114 A>T polymorphism and incidence of cerebral infarction. A total of 12 eligible studies including 6,844 cases and 7,850 controls based on the search criteria were involved in this meta-analysis. The distributions of genotypes in the cases and controls were all in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. We observed that the ALOX5AP rs10507391/SG13S114 A>T polymorphism carried with T allele contrast model, the homozygote codominant model, the heterozygote codominant model, the dominant model and the recessive model (all the models p > 0.05) had no risk of cerebral infarction when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that ALOX5AP rs10507391/SG13S114 A>T polymorphism is not associated with the risk of cerebral infarction in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjin Ke
- a Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
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22
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Matralis AN, Kourounakis AP. Design of Novel Potent Antihyperlipidemic Agents with Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory Properties: Exploiting Phenothiazine’s Strong Antioxidant Activity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2568-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexios N. Matralis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki P. Kourounakis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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23
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Wilson GA, Butcher LM, Foster HR, Feber A, Roos C, Walter L, Woszczek G, Beck S, Bell CG. Human-specific epigenetic variation in the immunological Leukotriene B4 Receptor (LTB4R/BLT1) implicated in common inflammatory diseases. Genome Med 2014; 6:19. [PMID: 24598577 PMCID: PMC4062055 DOI: 10.1186/gm536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common human diseases are caused by the complex interplay of genetic susceptibility as well as environmental factors. Due to the environment's influence on the epigenome, and therefore genome function, as well as conversely the genome's facilitative effect on the epigenome, analysis of this level of regulation may increase our knowledge of disease pathogenesis. METHODS In order to identify human-specific epigenetic influences, we have performed a novel genome-wide DNA methylation analysis comparing human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque. RESULTS We have identified that the immunological Leukotriene B4 receptor (LTB4R, BLT1 receptor) is the most epigenetically divergent human gene in peripheral blood in comparison with other primates. This difference is due to the co-ordinated active state of human-specific hypomethylation in the promoter and human-specific increased gene body methylation. This gene is significant in innate immunity and the LTB4/LTB4R pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of the spectrum of human inflammatory diseases. This finding was confirmed by additional neutrophil-only DNA methylome and lymphoblastoid H3K4me3 chromatin comparative data. Additionally we show through functional analysis that this receptor has increased expression and a higher response to the LTB4 ligand in human versus rhesus macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Genome-wide we also find human species-specific differentially methylated regions (human s-DMRs) are more prevalent in CpG island shores than within the islands themselves, and within the latter are associated with the CTCF motif. CONCLUSIONS This result further emphasises the exclusive nature of the human immunological system, its divergent adaptation even from very closely related primates, and the power of comparative epigenomics to identify and understand human uniqueness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth A Wilson
- Medical Genomics, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK ; Current address: Translational Cancer Therapeutics, CR-UK London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK
| | - Lee M Butcher
- Medical Genomics, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Holly R Foster
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Feber
- Medical Genomics, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christian Roos
- Genebank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Centre, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Genebank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Centre, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephan Beck
- Medical Genomics, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher G Bell
- Medical Genomics, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK ; Current address: Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
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Gürsoy OM, Karakoyun S, Kalçik M, Gökdeniz T, Yesin M, Gündüz S, Astarcioğlu MA, Ozkan M. Usefulness of novel hematologic inflammatory parameters to predict prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113:860-4. [PMID: 24411287 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is a life-threatening complication. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been studied as inflammatory biomarkers in atherosclerosis, but data regarding valvular disease are lacking. The study population included patients with mitral PVT (n = 152) versus control subjects (n = 164) with functional mitral prosthesis. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed to diagnose PVT. NLR and PLR were calculated using complete blood count. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also analyzed. Neutrophil and platelet levels did not differ between the groups (4.9 ± 2.0 vs 4.7 ± 1.5, p = 0.84 and 254.8 ± 89.7 vs 241.5 ± 62.8 p = 0.36, respectively), but lymphocyte levels were significantly lower in patients with PVT than the controls (1.8 ± 0.7 vs 2.2 ± 0.6, p <0.001). NLR, PLR, and CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with PVT than in controls (3.2 ± 2.1 vs 2.2 ± 0.8, p <0.001; 163 ± 77.5 vs 114.9 ± 37.3, p <0.001; and 1.97 ± 3.02 vs 1.02 ± 1.22, p = 0.01, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between NLR and PLR (r = 528, p <0.001). NLR level of >2.23, measured on admission, yielded an area under the curve value of 0.659 (95% confidence interval 0.582 to 0.736, sensitivity 66%, specificity 60%, p <0.001) and PLR level of >117.78 yielded an area under the curve value of 0.707 (95% confidence interval 0.636 to 0.777, sensitivity 70%, specificity 58%, p <0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that increased PLR and inadequate anticoagulation were independent predictors of thrombosis in patients with PVT. In conclusion, patients with PVT had increased NLR, PLR, and CRP levels compared with subjects with normofunctional prosthesis, and increased PLR was an independent predictor of mitral PVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Mustafa Gürsoy
- Department of Cardiology, Koşuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Süleyman Karakoyun
- Department of Cardiology, Koşuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Macit Kalçik
- Department of Cardiology, Koşuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayyar Gökdeniz
- Department of Cardiology, Koşuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Yesin
- Department of Cardiology, Koşuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sabahattin Gündüz
- Department of Cardiology, Koşuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Astarcioğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Koşuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozkan
- Department of Cardiology, Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine, Kars, Turkey
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Zhao J, Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Yeh F, Zhang Y, Haack K, Best LG, Cole SA, Lee ET, Howard BV. Leukotriene haplotype × diet interaction on carotid artery hypertrophy and atherosclerosis in American Indians: the Strong Heart Family Study. Atherosclerosis 2014; 233:165-71. [PMID: 24529139 PMCID: PMC3932307 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gene × diet interaction plays an important role in atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder. Leukotrienes are the most potent inflammatory mediators, and genetic variants encoding leukotriene genes have been implicated in atherosclerosis. This study tests nutrigenetic interaction of a previously defined leukotriene haplotype on carotid artery hypertrophy and atherosclerosis in American Indians. METHODS This study included 3402 American Indians participating in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). Carotid artery measurements, including intima-media thickness (IMT), vascular mass, and plaque, were assessed using ultrasound. Eleven tagSNPs in the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) gene were genotyped in all subjects. Main haplotype effect and haplotype × diet interaction were examined by generalized estimating equation, adjusting for known risk factors. RESULTS There was no significant main effect of haplotype or diet on any of the carotid artery measures. However, a previously defined LTA4H haplotype, called HapE, significantly interacted with dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on both IMT (P(HapE × n3) = 0.018, P(HapE × n6) = 0.040) and vascular mass (P(HapE × n3) = 0.012, P(HapE × n6) = 0.018), but not plaque. The direction of this nutrigenetic interaction on IMT was consistent with that reported in a recent study of Caucasian twins. CONCLUSION Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly modifies the effect of a leukotriene haplotype on carotid artery hypertrophy but not atherosclerosis in American Indians, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors. Replication of nutrigenetic interaction in two distinct ethnic groups suggests the robustness and generalizability of our findings to diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Mary J Roman
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Fawn Yeh
- Center for American Indian Health Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for American Indian Health Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Karin Haack
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lyle G Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc, Timber Lake, SD, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elisa T Lee
- Center for American Indian Health Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Barbara V Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute Hyattsville, MD and Georgetown and Howard Universities Centers for Translational Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Doğan M, Akyel A, Bilgin M, Erat M, Çimen T, Sunman H, Efe TH, Açıkel S, Yeter E. Can Admission Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Predict Infarct-Related Artery Patency in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2013; 21:172-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029613515071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and infarct-related artery (IRA) patency in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: A total of 349 patients with STEMI were recruited to this retrospective study. Baseline characteristics were reviewed. Patency of IRA was evaluated by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade. Results: Of all patients, 293 patients formed the occluded IRA group and 56 patients formed the patent IRA group. The NLR was significantly higher in occluded IRA group (4.4 ± 4.1 vs 1.9 ± 1.1, P < .001). Glucose levels were also higher in occluded IRA group (171.3 ± 78.0 vs 144.7 ± 49.7, P = .022). Regression analysis demonstrated admission NLR and plasma glucose levels as independent predictors of IRA patency. Conclusion: In this study, we found that admission NLR and glucose levels were higher in patients with occluded IRA than in patients with STEMI. We also found that NLR and glucose levels were independent predictors of IRA patency. Because hemogram is a cheap, fast, and widely available test, it can be used in daily practice as a predictor of IRA patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Doğan
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Akyel
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Bilgin
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erat
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tolga Çimen
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamza Sunman
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tolga Han Efe
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sadık Açıkel
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Yeter
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Health Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Ohkubo H, Ito Y, Minamino T, Mishima T, Hirata M, Hosono K, Shibuya M, Yokomizo T, Shimizu T, Watanabe M, Majima M. Leukotriene B4 type-1 receptor signaling promotes liver repair after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury through the enhancement of macrophage recruitment. FASEB J 2013; 27:3132-43. [PMID: 23629862 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-227421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recruited macrophages play a critical role in liver repair after acute liver injury. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent chemoattractant for macrophages. In this study, we investigated the role of LTB4 receptor type 1 (BLT1) in liver repair during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. BLT1-knockout mice (BLT1(-/-)) or their wild-type counterparts (WT) were subjected to partial hepatic I/R. Compared with WT, BLT1(-/-) exhibited delayed liver repair and hepatocyte proliferation accompanied by a 70% reduction in the recruitment of macrophages and a 70-80% attenuation in hepatic expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1). Disruption of BLT1 signaling also reduced the expression of EGF by 67% on recruited macrophages expressing VEGFR1 in the injured liver. Treatment of WT mice with an EGF-neutralizing antibody delayed liver repair and reduced macrophage recruitment, compared with control immunoglobulin G (IgG). BLT1 signaling enhanced the expression of VEGF, VEGFR1, and EGF in isolated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. These results indicate that BLT1 signaling plays a role in liver repair after hepatic I/R through enhanced expression of EGF in recruited macrophages and that the development of a specific agonist for BLT1 could be useful for liver recovery from acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoki Ohkubo
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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28
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Sen N, Afsar B, Ozcan F, Buyukkaya E, Isleyen A, Akcay AB, Yuzgecer H, Kurt M, Karakas MF, Basar N, Hajro E, Kanbay M. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was associated with impaired myocardial perfusion and long term adverse outcome in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction undergoing primary coronary intervention. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:203-10. [PMID: 23489347 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study we aimed to reveal any probable correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio) and the occurrence of no-reflow, along with assessment of the prognostic value of N/L ratio in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). BACKGROUND The N/L ratio stands practically for the balance between neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in the body, which can also be utilized as an index for systemic inflammatory status. METHODS In our study, we included 204 consecutive patients suffering from STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with STEMI were assigned into distinct tertiles based on their N/L ratios on admission. No-reflow encountered following PCI was evaluated through both angiography [Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow and myocardial blush grade (MBG)] and electrocardiography (as ST-segment resolution). RESULTS Patients featured with no ST-resolution were documented to have displayed significantly higher N/L ratio on admission compared to those with intermediate or complete ST-segment resolution. The number of the patients characterized with no-reflow, evident both angiographically (TIMI flow ≤ 2 or TIMI flow 3 with final myocardial bush grade ≤ 2 after PCI) and electrocardiographically (ST-resolution <30%), was encountered to depict increments throughout successive N/L ratio tertiles. Moreover, the same also held true for three-year mortality rates across the tertile groups (9% vs. 15% vs. 35%, p < 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis disclosed that N/L ratio on admission stood for a significant indicator for long-term mortality in patients with no-reflow phenomenon detected with MBG. Elevated N/L ratio on admission was also found to be a significant indicator for three-year mortality and major adverse cardiac events. CONCLUSIONS In patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI, elevated N/L ratios on admission were revealed to be correlated with both no-reflow phenomenon and long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihat Sen
- Department of Cardiology, Mustafa Kemal University, Tayfur Ata Sokmen Medical School, 06270 Hatay, Turkey.
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Zhao J, Goldberg J, Vaccarino V. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase haplotype, diet and atherosclerosis: a twin study. Atherosclerosis 2013; 226:238-44. [PMID: 23153620 PMCID: PMC3630507 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process resulting from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators generated from arachidonic acid, and genetic polymorphisms involved in leukotriene metabolism are implicated in atherosclerosis. The objectives of this study are to examine whether genetic variants in key leukotriene enzymes are associated with atherosclerosis, and whether dietary intake of competing leukotriene substrates modifies the effect of leukotriene variants on atherosclerosis. METHODS Atherosclerosis was assessed by common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) using ultrasound. Sequence variants within arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP) and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) genes were analyzed with 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 169 Caucasian twin pairs from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. The associations between genetic polymorphisms and carotid atherosclerosis, and gene × diet interactions were examined by generalized estimating equation controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS A six-SNP haplotype in LTA4H, designated HapE, was significantly associated with carotid IMT after adjusting for known coronary risk factors. Twins carrying HapE had a much lower IMT compared to twins not carrying (695 μm vs. 750 μm, p = 0.0007). Moreover, dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids strongly augmented the cardioprotective effect of HapE among those with this haplotype but not those without, suggesting a haplotype × diet interaction (interaction P(HapE×n-3) = 0.03, P(HapE×n-6) = 0.015). CONCLUSION We identified a novel leukotriene haplotype that appears to be protective toward subclinical atherosclerosis. This association is modified by dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2010-SL18, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
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30
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Kaya MG, Akpek M, Lam YY, Yarlioglues M, Celik T, Gunebakmaz O, Duran M, Ulucan S, Keser A, Oguzhan A, Gibson MC. Prognostic value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction undergoing primary coronary intervention: a prospective, multicenter study. Int J Cardiol 2012; 168:1154-9. [PMID: 23219132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pre-procedural neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N/L) is associated with adverse outcomes among patients with coronary artery disease but its prognostic value in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has not been fully investigated. This study evaluated the relations between pre-procedural N/L ratio and the in-hospital and long-term outcomes in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS A total of 682 STEMI patients presented within the first 6h of symptom onset were enrolled and stratified according to tertiles of N/L ratio based on the blood samples obtained in the emergency room upon admission. RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 43.3 months (1-131 months). In-hospital in-stent thrombosis, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality increased as the N/L tertile ratio increased (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.003, respectively). Long-term in-stent thrombosis, non-fatal myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also increased as the N/L ratio increased (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.002, respectively). On multivariate analysis, N/L ratio remained an independent predictor for both in-hospital (OR 1.189, 95% CI 1.000-1.339; p<0.001) and long-term major (OR 1.228, 95% CI 1.136-1.328; p<0.001) adverse cardiac events. CONCLUSION The N/L ratio was an independent predictor of both in-hospital and long-term adverse outcomes among STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. Our findings suggest that this inexpensive, universally available hematological marker may be incorporated into the current established risk assessment model for STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet G Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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31
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Tanis VM, Bacani GM, Blevitt JM, Chrovian CC, Crawford S, De Leon A, Fourie AM, Gomez L, Grice CA, Herman K, Kearney AM, Landry-Bayle AM, Lee-Dutra A, Nelson J, Riley JP, Santillán A, Wiener JJ, Xue X, Young AL. Azabenzthiazole inhibitors of leukotriene A4 hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7504-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rao CV, Janakiram NB, Mohammed A. Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase Pathways and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2012; 8:316-324. [PMID: 23293573 PMCID: PMC3535427 DOI: 10.1007/s11888-012-0146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the commonest malignancies in both men and women. In spite of significant progress in screening and in surgical and therapeutic interventions, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a major public health problem. Accumulating evidence suggests that targeting inflammatory pathways may provide protection against the development of CRC. Eicosanoids derived from the enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) may contribute to CRC carcinogenesis. Approaches for targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents or targeting COX-2 with specific inhibitors are highly successful at the preclinical and clinical levels; however, large-scale clinical applicability of these agents is limited owing to unwanted side effects. Emerging studies suggests that 5-LOX-derived leukotrienes may contribute to colon tumor development and risk of thrombotic events. Thus, developing drugs that target both 5-LOX and COX-2 may provide a safer strategy. In this review, we discuss evidence for the involvement of 5-LOX in colon tumor development and targeting 5-LOX and COX-2 with synthetic and naturally occurring agents for CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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GRICE CHERYLA, FOURIE ANNEM, LEE-DUTRA ALICE. Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase: Biology, Inhibitors and Clinical Applications. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG DISCOVERY 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735346-00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene A4 hydrolase is a zinc-containing cytosolic enzyme with both hydrolase and aminopeptidase activity. LTA4H stereospecifically catalyzes the transformation of the unstable epoxide LTA4 to the potent pro-inflammatory mediator LTB4. Variations in the lta4h gene have been linked to susceptibility to multiple diseases including myocardial infarction, stroke and asthma. Pre-clinical animal models and human biomarker data have implicated LTB4 in inflammatory diseases. Several groups have now identified selective inhibitors of LTA4H, many of which were influenced by the disclosure of a protein crystal structure a decade ago. Clinical validation of LTA4H remains elusive despite the progression of inhibitors into pre-clinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHERYL A. GRICE
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego California 92121 USA
| | - ANNE M. FOURIE
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego California 92121 USA
| | - ALICE LEE-DUTRA
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego California 92121 USA
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34
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Loke WM, Lam KMJ, Chong WL, Chew SE, Quek AML, Lim ECH, Seet RCS. Products of 5-lipoxygenase and myeloperoxidase activities are increased in young male cigarette smokers. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:1230-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.701291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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35
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Jala VR, Haribabu B. Real-time imaging of leukotriene B₄ mediated cell migration and BLT1 interactions with β-arrestin. J Vis Exp 2010:2315. [PMID: 21206474 PMCID: PMC3159663 DOI: 10.3791/2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to the seven transmembrane protein family and mediate the transduction of extracellular signals to intracellular responses. GPCRs control diverse biological functions such as chemotaxis, intracellular calcium release, gene regulation in a ligand dependent manner via heterotrimeric G-proteins(1-2). Ligand binding induces a series of conformational changes leading to activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins that modulate levels of second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacyl glycerol (DG). Concomitant with activation of the receptor ligand binding also initiates a series of events to attenuate the receptor signaling via desensitization, sequestration and/or internalization. The desensitization process of GPCRs occurs via receptor phosphorylation by G-protein receptor kinases (GRKs) and subsequent binding of β-arrestins(3). β-arrestins are cytosolic proteins and translocate to membrane upon GPCR activation, binding to phosphorylated receptors (most cases) there by facilitating receptor internalization (4-6). Leukotriene B(4;) (LTB(4;)) is a pro-inflammatory lipid molecule derived from arachidonic acid pathway and mediates its actions via GPCRs, LTB(4;) receptor 1 (BLT1; a high affinity receptor) and LTB(4;) receptor 2 (BLT2; a low affinity receptor)(7-9). The LTB(4;)-BLT1 pathway has been shown to be critical in several inflammatory diseases including, asthma, arthritis and atherosclerosis(10-17). The current paper describes the methodologies developed to monitor LTB(4;)-induced leukocyte migration and the interactions of BLT1 with β-arrestin and , receptor translocation in live cells using microscopy imaging techniques(18-19). Bone marrow derived dendritic cells from C57BL/6 mice were isolated and cultured as previously described (20-21). These cells were tested in live cell imaging methods to demonstrate LTB(4;) induced cell migration. The human BLT1 was tagged with red fluorescent protein (BLT1-RFP) at C-terminus and β-arrestin1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (β-arr-GFP) and transfected the both plasmids into Rat Basophilic Leukomia (RBL-2H3) cell lines(18-19). The kinetics of interaction between these proteins and localization were monitored using live cell video microscopy. The methodologies in the current paper describe the use of microscopic techniques to investigate the functional responses of G-protein coupled receptors in live cells. The current paper also describes the use of Metamorph software to quantify the fluorescence intensities to determine the kinetics of receptor and cytosolic protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatakrishna R Jala
- Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, USA
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Sun H, Wu H, Zhang J, Wang J, Lu Y, Ding H, Xiao H, Zhang J. A tagging SNP in ALOX5AP and risk of stroke: a haplotype-based analysis among eastern Chinese Han population. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4731-8. [PMID: 21153769 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide approach found significant association of two at-risk haplotypes (HapA, HapB) in the ALOX5AP gene with myocardial infarction and stroke. To date, it is still controversial whether ALOX5AP gene polymorphisms are risk factors for stroke. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between the ALOX5AP gene polymorphism and the risk for stroke in Eastern Chinese Han population with a haplotype-based analysis. We conducted a comprehensive association study of 507 stroke patients and 510 healthy controls to assess the association between the ALOX5AP tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) and stroke risk. Genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP assay. In the single-locus analysis, we found that the rs9579646 AG genotype was associated with a marginally decreased risk for stroke (adjusted odds ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.96), compared with the AA genotype. Haplotype-based association analysis of block 2 involving rs10507391 and rs12429692 revealed that the decreased risk of stroke was significantly associated with haplotype AA (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.95). These results suggested that the genetic variants in ALOX5AP might modulate the risk of stroke in Eastern Chinese Han population. The frequencies of single-marker alleles and haplotypes showed remarkable differences from those in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, 210029 Nanjing, China
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Kim J, Purushottam B, Chae YK, Chebrolu L, Amanullah A. Relation between common allergic symptoms and coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants. Am J Cardiol 2010; 106:984-7. [PMID: 20854961 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether there is an increased risk of coronary heart diseases (CHD) in those with common allergic symptoms using the NHANES III, which is a representative sample of the United States population in 1988 to 1994. CHD was defined by Rose questionnaire and history of heart attack. Allergic symptoms were categorized into no symptoms (NO), rhinoconjunctivitis without wheezing (RC), and wheezing (WZ) based on symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) of CHD. Eight thousand six hundred fifty-three nonpregnant subjects ≥20 years old with overnight fasting ≥8 hours were included. CHD was present in 5.9% of the population; 36.5% did not have allergic symptoms (NO), 45.9% had RC, and 17.6% had WZ. The prevalence of CHD was 3.9% in NO, 4.8% in RC, and 12.8% in WZ (p <0.001). Compared to NO, unadjusted ORs of CHD were 1.24 (95% confidence interval 0.94 to 1.62) in RC and 3.58 (2.68 to 4.78) in WZ and ORs adjusted for sociodemographic factors and co-morbidities were 1.40 (1.02 to 1.92) in RC and 2.64 (1.79 to 3.90) in WZ. Only the group of women <50 years of age had significantly increased ORs in RC and WZ. In conclusion, common allergic symptoms were significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD.
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Loke WM, Proudfoot JM, Hodgson JM, McKinley AJ, Hime N, Magat M, Stocker R, Croft KD. Specific Dietary Polyphenols Attenuate Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Knockout Mice by Alleviating Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:749-57. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.199687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Animal and clinical studies have suggested that polyphenols in fruits, red wine, and tea may delay the development of atherosclerosis through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated whether individual dietary polyphenols representing different polyphenolic classes, namely quercetin (flavonol), (−)-epicatechin (flavan-3-ol), theaflavin (dimeric catechin), sesamin (lignan), or chlorogenic acid (phenolic acid), reduce atherosclerotic lesion formation in the apolipoprotein E (ApoE)
−/−
gene–knockout mouse.
Methods and Results—
Quercetin and theaflavin (64-mg/kg body mass daily) significantly attenuated atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic sinus and thoracic aorta (
P
<0.05 versus ApoE
−/−
control mice). Quercetin significantly reduced aortic F
2
-isoprostane, vascular superoxide, vascular leukotriene B
4
, and plasma-sP-selectin concentrations; and augmented vascular endothelial NO synthase activity, heme oxygenase-1 protein, and urinary nitrate excretion (
P
<0.05 versus control ApoE
−/−
mice). Theaflavin showed similar, although less extensive, significant effects. Although (−)-epicatechin significantly reduced F
2
-isoprostane, superoxide, and endothelin-1 production (
P
<0.05 versus control ApoE
−/−
mice), it had no significant effect on lesion size. Sesamin and chlorogenic acid treatments exerted no significant effects. Quercetin, but not (−)-epicatechin, significantly increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein in lesions versus ApoE
−/−
controls.
Conclusion—
Specific dietary polyphenols, in particular quercetin and theaflavin, may attenuate atherosclerosis in ApoE
−/−
gene–knockout mice by alleviating inflammation, improving NO bioavailability, and inducing heme oxygenase-1. These data suggest that the cardiovascular protection associated with diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and some beverages may in part be the result of flavonoids, such as quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Mun Loke
- From the School of Medicine and Pharmacology (W.M.L., J.M.P., J.M.H., and K.D.C.), University of Western Australia, Perth; School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences (W.M.L. and A.J.M.), University of Western Australia, Perth; and the Department of Pathology (N.H., M.M., and R.S.), Centre for Vascular Research, Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie M. Proudfoot
- From the School of Medicine and Pharmacology (W.M.L., J.M.P., J.M.H., and K.D.C.), University of Western Australia, Perth; School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences (W.M.L. and A.J.M.), University of Western Australia, Perth; and the Department of Pathology (N.H., M.M., and R.S.), Centre for Vascular Research, Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Hodgson
- From the School of Medicine and Pharmacology (W.M.L., J.M.P., J.M.H., and K.D.C.), University of Western Australia, Perth; School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences (W.M.L. and A.J.M.), University of Western Australia, Perth; and the Department of Pathology (N.H., M.M., and R.S.), Centre for Vascular Research, Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allan J. McKinley
- From the School of Medicine and Pharmacology (W.M.L., J.M.P., J.M.H., and K.D.C.), University of Western Australia, Perth; School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences (W.M.L. and A.J.M.), University of Western Australia, Perth; and the Department of Pathology (N.H., M.M., and R.S.), Centre for Vascular Research, Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil Hime
- From the School of Medicine and Pharmacology (W.M.L., J.M.P., J.M.H., and K.D.C.), University of Western Australia, Perth; School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences (W.M.L. and A.J.M.), University of Western Australia, Perth; and the Department of Pathology (N.H., M.M., and R.S.), Centre for Vascular Research, Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Magat
- From the School of Medicine and Pharmacology (W.M.L., J.M.P., J.M.H., and K.D.C.), University of Western Australia, Perth; School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences (W.M.L. and A.J.M.), University of Western Australia, Perth; and the Department of Pathology (N.H., M.M., and R.S.), Centre for Vascular Research, Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- From the School of Medicine and Pharmacology (W.M.L., J.M.P., J.M.H., and K.D.C.), University of Western Australia, Perth; School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences (W.M.L. and A.J.M.), University of Western Australia, Perth; and the Department of Pathology (N.H., M.M., and R.S.), Centre for Vascular Research, Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- From the School of Medicine and Pharmacology (W.M.L., J.M.P., J.M.H., and K.D.C.), University of Western Australia, Perth; School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences (W.M.L. and A.J.M.), University of Western Australia, Perth; and the Department of Pathology (N.H., M.M., and R.S.), Centre for Vascular Research, Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
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Saiwai H, Ohkawa Y, Yamada H, Kumamaru H, Harada A, Okano H, Yokomizo T, Iwamoto Y, Okada S. The LTB4-BLT1 axis mediates neutrophil infiltration and secondary injury in experimental spinal cord injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:2352-66. [PMID: 20304963 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic injury in the central nervous system induces inflammation; however, the role of this inflammation is controversial. Precise analysis of the inflammatory cells is important to gain a better understanding of the inflammatory machinery in response to neural injury. Here, we demonstrated that leukotriene B4 plays a significant role in mediating leukocyte infiltration after spinal cord injury. Using flow cytometry, we revealed that neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage infiltration peaked 12 hours after injury and was significantly suppressed in leukotriene B4 receptor 1 knockout mice. Similar findings were observed in mice treated with a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist. Further, by isolating each inflammatory cell subset with a cell sorter, and performing quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we demonstrated the individual contributions of more highly expressed subsets, ie, interleukins 6 and 1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and FasL, to the inflammatory reaction and neural apoptosis. Inhibition of leukotriene B4 suppressed leukocyte infiltration after injury, thereby attenuating the inflammatory reaction, sparing the white matter, and reducing neural apoptosis, as well as inducing better functional recovery. These findings are the first to demonstrate that leukotriene B4 is involved in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury through the amplification of leukocyte infiltration, and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for traumatic spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Saiwai
- Department of Research Superstar Program Stem Cell Unit, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Silva AR, Pacheco P, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Maya-Monteiro CM, D'Alegria B, Magalhães KG, de Assis EF, Bandeira-Melo C, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Bozza PT. Lipid bodies in oxidized LDL-induced foam cells are leukotriene-synthesizing organelles: a MCP-1/CCL2 regulated phenomenon. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:1066-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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The anti-inflammatory pharmacology of Pycnogenol® in humans involves COX-2 and 5-LOX mRNA expression in leukocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1145-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether genetic variants involved in inflammation play a role in the sex difference in depression. Depression is, in part, genetically determined and inflammation has been implicated. Women are twice as likely to develop depression as men. METHODS We examined the association, separately in men and women, between seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) gene and 12 SNPs in the leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) gene and depression in 1368 white subjects (30.4% female) referred for cardiovascular evaluation. Depression was defined as a score of >or=10 in the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. Single marker analysis was assessed by the chi(2) test. Haplotype-specific associations were performed, using likelihood ratio tests. Empirical significance levels were determined by permutation tests. RESULTS Depressed individuals, comprising 14.5% of the total, were more likely to be female, current smokers, have a history of diabetes and myocardial infarction. None of the SNPs in the ALOX5AP gene, either singly or in combination, was associated with depression. The 12 SNPs in the LTA4H gene were not individually associated with depression. However, a six-SNP haplotype in LTA4H gene, named HapE, showed a significant protective effect on depression in women, but not in men, after correcting for cardiovascular effects. The interaction between HapE and sex on depression was statistically significant. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence for a sex-specific association of a novel haplotype in the LTA4H gene on depression. Although replication is needed, our study suggests that genetic variations may underlie sex differences in depression.
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Zhang WL, Yang XM, Shi J, Sun K, Hui RT. Polymorphism of SG13S114T/A in the ALOX5AP gene and the risk for stroke in a large Chinese cohort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 33:678-84. [PMID: 16939001 DOI: 10.1016/s0379-4172(06)60099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, an important regulator in the biosynthesis of proinflammatory leukotrienes, has been reported to confer risks for cardiovascular diseases and stroke. The purpose of this study is to assess whether genetic variants in the ALOX5AP encoding the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein will influence the risk for stroke in the Chinese population. A total of 1,773 patients with stroke and 1,713 controls were recruited from seven clinical centers. Polymorphisms of SG13S114T/A and SG13S89G/A in the ALOX5AP were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction and the restriction enzyme analysis. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to exclude the influence of the conventional vascular risk factors on stroke. The frequency of SG13S114A allele in the ALOX5AP was significantly higher in male patients with thrombotic stroke (33.6%) than in controls (29.2%; P=0.014). The SG13S114AA genotype was significantly associated with a 1.62-fold risk for thrombotic stroke in men (95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 2.35; P=0.012). The SG13S89G/A variant was not associated with stroke or its subtypes. Haplotype analysis showed no significant differences between stroke patients and controls. The present study suggested that a common genetic variant SG13S114T/A in the ALOX5AP gene is associated with an increased risk for atherothrombotic stroke in Chinese males, and racial differences in allele and genotype frequencies may account partially for the different association findings between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Zhang
- Core Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Ministry of Education, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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44
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45
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Costa-Junior HM, Mendes AN, Davis GHNG, da Cruz CM, Ventura ALM, Serezani CH, Faccioli LH, Nomizo A, Freire-de-Lima CG, Bisaggio RDC, Persechini PM. ATP-induced apoptosis involves a Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 and 5-lipoxygenase in macrophages. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2008; 88:51-61. [PMID: 18984060 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages express P2X(7) and other nucleotide (P2) receptors, and display the phenomena of extracellular ATP (ATP(e))-induced P2X(7)-dependent membrane permeabilization and cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. P2X(7) receptors also cooperate with toll-like receptors (TLRs) to induce inflammasome activation and IL-1beta secretion. We investigated signaling pathways involved in the induction of cell death by ATP(e) in intraperitoneal murine macrophages. Apoptosis (hypodiploid nuclei) and necrosis (LDH release) were detected 6h after an induction period of 20 min in the presence of ATP. Apoptosis was blocked by caspase 3 and caspase 9 inhibitors and by cyclosporin A. The MAPK inhibitors PD-98059, SB-203580 and SB-202190 provoked no significant effect on apoptosis, but SB-203580 blocked LDH release. Neither apoptosis nor necrosis was inhibited when both intra- and extracellular Ca(2+) were chelated during the induction period. Mepacrine, a generic PLA(2) inhibitor and BEL, an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) (iPLA(2)) blocked apoptosis, while pBPB and AACOOPF(3), inhibitors of secretory and Ca(2+)-dependent PLA(2) respectively, had no significant effect. Cycloxygenase inhibitors had no effect on apoptosis, while the inhibitors of lipoxygenase (LOX) and leukotriene biosynthesis nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), zileuton, AA-861, and MK-886 significantly decreased apoptosis. Neither NDGA nor MK-886 blocked apoptosis of 5-LOX(-/-) macrophages. CP-105696 and MK-571, antagonists of leukotriene receptors, had no significant effect on apoptosis. None of the inhibitors of PLA(2) and LOX/leukotriene pathway had a significant inhibitory effect on LDH release. Our results indicate that a Ca(2+)-independent step involving an iPLA(2) and 5-LOX are involved in the triggering of apoptosis but not necrosis by P2X(7) in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio Miranda Costa-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunobiofísica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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46
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Jacobsen FE, Buczynski MW, Dennis EA, Cohen SM. A macrophage cell model for selective metalloproteinase inhibitor design. Chembiochem 2008; 9:2087-95. [PMID: 18666306 PMCID: PMC2826882 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The desire to inhibit zinc-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has, over the course of the last 30 years, led to the development of a plethora of MMP inhibitors that bind directly to the active-site metal. With one exception, all of these drugs have failed in clinical trials, due to many factors, including an apparent lack of specificity for MMPs. To address the question of whether these inhibitors are selective for MMPs in a biological setting, a cell-based screening method is presented to compare the relative activities of zinc, heme iron, and non-heme iron enzymes in the presence of these compounds using the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. We screened nine different zinc-binding groups (ZBGs), four established MMP inhibitors (MMPis), and two novel MMP inhibitors developed in our laboratory to determine their selectivities against five different metalloenzymes. Using this model, we identified two nitrogen donor compounds--2,2'-dipyridylamine (DPA) and triazacyclononane (TACN)--as the most selective ZBGs for zinc metalloenzyme inhibitor development. We also demonstrated that the model could predict known nonspecific interactions of some of the most commonly used MMPis, and could also give cross-reactivity information for newly developed MMPis. This work demonstrates the utility of cell-based assays in both the design and the screening of novel metalloenzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith E. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California in San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358
| | - Matthew W. Buczynski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California in San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California in San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
| | - Edward A. Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California in San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California in San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601
| | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California in San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358
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Papa A, Emdin M, Passino C, Michelassi C, Battaglia D, Cocci F. Predictive value of elevated neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio on cardiac mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 395:27-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 04/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Enomoto H, Morikawa Y, Miyake Y, Tsuji F, Mizuchi M, Suhara H, Fujimura KI, Horiuchi M, Ban M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-mercaptoacylproline and N-mercaptoacylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4529-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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LEUKOTRIENE B4/LEUKOTRIENE B4 RECEPTOR PATHWAY IS INVOLVED IN HEPATIC MICROCIRCULATORY DYSFUNCTION ELICITED BY ENDOTOXIN. Shock 2008; 30:87-91. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31815d06a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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50
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Grice CA, Tays KL, Savall BM, Wei J, Butler CR, Axe FU, Bembenek SD, Fourie AM, Dunford PJ, Lundeen K, Coles F, Xue X, Riley JP, Williams KN, Karlsson L, Edwards JP. Identification of a potent, selective, and orally active leukotriene a4 hydrolase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4150-69. [PMID: 18588282 DOI: 10.1021/jm701575k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
LTA 4H is a ubiquitously distributed 69 kDa zinc-containing cytosolic enzyme with both hydrolase and aminopeptidase activity. As a hydrolase, LTA 4H stereospecifically catalyzes the transformation of the unstable epoxide LTA 4 to the diol LTB 4, a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils and a chemoattractant of eosinophils, macrophages, mast cells, and T cells. Inhibiting the formation of LTB 4 is expected to be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), asthma, and atherosclerosis. We developed a pharmacophore model using a known inhibitor manually docked into the active site of LTA 4H to identify a subset of compounds for screening. From this work we identified a series of benzoxazole, benzthiazole, and benzimidazole inhibitors. SAR studies resulted in the identification of several potent inhibitors with an appropriate cross-reactivity profile and excellent PK/PD properties. Our efforts focused on further profiling JNJ 27265732, which showed encouraging efficacy in a disease model relevant to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Grice
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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