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Simon D, Erdő-Bonyár S, Böröcz K, Balázs N, Badawy A, Bajnok A, Nörenberg J, Serény-Litvai T, Várnagy Á, Kovács K, Hantosi E, Mezősi E, Németh P, Berki T. Altered Levels of Natural Autoantibodies against Heat Shock Proteins in Pregnant Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1423. [PMID: 38338701 PMCID: PMC10855109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The function of natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) in maintaining immunological tolerance has been comprehensively explained; however, their function in pregnant patients dealing with autoimmune diseases has not been thoroughly investigated. As Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the predominant organ-specific autoimmune condition of women of childbearing age, this study's objective was to evaluate IgM and IgG nAAbs targeting mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS) and heat shock proteins (Hsp60 and Hsp70) in women diagnosed with HT who were pregnant (HTP). Serum samples collected from HTP and healthy pregnant (HP) women in the first and third trimesters were tested using in-house-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Our findings indicate the stability of nAAbs against CS and Hsps throughout the pregnancies of both healthy women and those with HT. However, during both trimesters, HTP patients displayed elevated levels of IgM isotype nAAbs against Hsp60 and Hsp70 compared to HP women, suggesting a regulatory role of IgM nAAbs during the pregnancies of patients with HT. Nonetheless, levels of IgG isotype nAAbs against Hsps were lower solely in the third trimester among HTP patients, resulting in a higher IgM/IgG ratio, which indicates their importance in alterations of the nAAb network during pregnancy in patients with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabina Erdő-Bonyár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Böröcz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Noémi Balázs
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ahmed Badawy
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anna Bajnok
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jasper Nörenberg
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Serény-Litvai
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Várnagy
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Kovács
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Hantosi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Mezősi
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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2
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Gál S, Gajdócsi E, Khanfar E, Olasz K, Simon D, Balogh P, Berki T, Németh P, Boldizsár F. Natural and Pathological Autoantibodies Show Age-Related Changes in a Spontaneous Autoimmune Mouse (NZB) Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9809. [PMID: 37372957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural autoantibody (natAAb) network is thought to play a role in immune regulation. These IgM antibodies react with evolutionary conserved antigens; however, they do not lead to pathological tissue destruction as opposed to pathological autoantibodies (pathAAb). The exact relation between the natAAbs and pathAAbs is still not completely understood; therefore, in the present study, we set out to measure nat- and pathAAb levels against three conserved antigens in a spontaneous autoimmune disease model: the NZB mouse strain which develops autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) from six months of age. There was an age dependent increase in the natAAb levels in the serum against Hsp60, Hsp70, and the mitochondrial citrate synthase until 6-9 months of age, followed by a gradual decrease. The pathological autoantibodies appeared after six months of age, which corresponded with the appearance of the autoimmune disease. The changes in nat/pathAAb levels were coupled with decreasing B1- and increasing plasma cell and memory B cell percentages. Based on this, we propose that there is a switch from natAAbs towards pathAAbs in aged NZB mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szonja Gál
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Gajdócsi
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Esam Khanfar
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Olasz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Diána Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Balogh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Boldizsár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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3
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Böröcz K, Kinyó Á, Simon D, Erdő-Bonyár S, Németh P, Berki T. Complexity of the Immune Response Elicited by Different COVID-19 Vaccines, in the Light of Natural Autoantibodies and Immunomodulatory Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076439. [PMID: 37047412 PMCID: PMC10094397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the abundance of data on the COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune activation, the impact of natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) on these processes is less well defined. Therefore, we investigated potential connections between vaccine efficacy and nAAb levels. We were also interested in the impact of immunomodulatory therapies on vaccine efficacy. Clinical residual samples were used for the assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine-elicited immune response (IR) (n=255), as well as for the investigation of the immunization-associated expansion of the nAAb pool (n=185). In order to study the potential interaction between immunomodulatory therapies and the vaccine-induced IR, untreated, healthy individuals and patients receiving anti-TNFα or anti-IL-17 therapies were compared (n total =45). In-house ELISAs (anticitrate synthase, anti-HSP60 and-70) and commercial ELISAs (anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISAs IgG, IgA, NeutraLISA and IFN-γ release assay 'IGRA') were applied. We found significant differences in the IR given to different vaccines. Moreover, nAAb levels showed plasticity in response to anti-COVID-19 immunization. We conclude that our findings may support the theorem about the non-specific beneficial 'side effects' of vaccination, including the broadening of the nAAb repertoire. Considering immunomodulation, we suggest that anti-TNFα and anti-IL17 treatments may interfere negatively with MALT-associated IR, manifested as decreased IgA titers; however, the modest sample numbers of the herein presented model might be a limiting factor of reaching a more comprehensive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Böröcz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kinyó
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Diana Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabina Erdő-Bonyár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Timea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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4
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Živković I, Muhandes L, Petrušić V, Minić R, Dimitrijević L. The effect of influenza vaccine immunization on natural antibodies. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm71-31544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural, polyreactive, low-affinity antibodies are known to play an important role not only in the immediate defense against pathogens, but also in shaping the acquired immune response. On the other hand, antigen specific, high-affinity antibodies can affect the balance of natural antibodies and lead to autoimmune diseases. In this study, we have analyzed the changes that occur in the IgM and IgG pool of natural antibodies after immunization with split or whole virion influenza vaccine. For this purpose, "in-house" developed ELISAs were used. The subjects were divided, according to the vaccination status, into those who had been immunized with the influenza vaccine in previous years and those who had been immunized for the first time. The analysis indicated that the pool of natural antibodies was not impaired by the immunization, evidenced by the lack of changes in any of the groups, and that certain fluctuations were induced in order to maintain the homeostasis of the immune system.
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Moritz CP, Paul S, Stoevesandt O, Tholance Y, Camdessanché JP, Antoine JC. Autoantigenomics: Holistic characterization of autoantigen repertoires for a better understanding of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Pashov A, Shivarov V, Hadzhieva M, Kostov V, Ferdinandov D, Heintz KM, Pashova S, Todorova M, Vassilev T, Kieber-Emmons T, Meza-Zepeda LA, Hovig E. Diagnostic Profiling of the Human Public IgM Repertoire With Scalable Mimotope Libraries. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2796. [PMID: 31849974 PMCID: PMC6901697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific antibody reactivities are routinely used as biomarkers, but the antibody repertoire reactivity (igome) profiles are still neglected. Here, we propose rationally designed peptide arrays as efficient probes for these system level biomarkers. Most IgM antibodies are characterized by few somatic mutations, polyspecificity, and physiological autoreactivity with housekeeping function. Previously, probing this repertoire with a set of immunodominant self-proteins provided a coarse analysis of the respective repertoire profiles. In contrast, here, we describe the generation of a peptide mimotope library that reflects the common IgM repertoire of 10,000 healthy donors. In addition, an appropriately sized subset of this quasi-complete mimotope library was further designed as a potential diagnostic tool. A 7-mer random peptide phage display library was panned on pooled human IgM. Next-generation sequencing of the selected phage yielded 224,087 sequences, which clustered in 790 sequence clusters. A set of 594 mimotopes, representative of the most significant sequence clusters, was shown to probe symmetrically the space of IgM reactivities in patients' sera. This set of mimotopes can be easily scaled including a greater proportion of the mimotope library. The trade-off between the array size and the resolution can be explored while preserving the symmetric sampling of the mimotope sequence and reactivity spaces. BLAST search of the non-redundant protein database with the mimotopes sequences yielded significantly more immunoglobulin J region hits than random peptides, indicating a considerable idiotypic connectivity of the targeted igome. The proof of principle predictors for random diagnoses was represented by profiles of mimotopes. The number of potential reactivity profiles that can be extracted from this library is estimated at more than 1070. Thus, a quasi-complete IgM mimotope library and a scalable representative subset thereof are found to address very efficiently the dynamic diversity of the human public IgM repertoire, providing informationally dense and structurally interpretable IgM reactivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastas Pashov
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Velizar Shivarov
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Hematology, Sofiamed University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski," Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Hadzhieva
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Victor Kostov
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Neurosurgery Clinic, St. Ivan Rilsky Hospital, Sofia MU, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dilyan Ferdinandov
- Neurosurgery Clinic, St. Ivan Rilsky Hospital, Sofia MU, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Karen-Marie Heintz
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shina Pashova
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Todorova
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tchavdar Vassilev
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, N.I. Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Research Center, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Nataf S, Guillen M, Pays L. Common Neurodegeneration-Associated Proteins Are Physiologically Expressed by Human B Lymphocytes and Are Interconnected via the Inflammation/Autophagy-Related Proteins TRAF6 and SQSTM1. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2704. [PMID: 31824497 PMCID: PMC6886494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is circumstantial evidence that, under neurodegenerative conditions, peptides deriving from aggregated or misfolded specific proteins elicit adaptive immune responses. On another hand, several genes involved in familial forms of neurodegenerative diseases exert key innate immune functions. However, whether or not such observations are causally linked remains unknown. To start addressing this issue, we followed a systems biology strategy based on the mining of large proteomics and immunopeptidomics databases. First, we retrieved the expression patterns of common neurodegeneration-associated proteins in two professional antigen-presenting cells, namely B lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Surprisingly, we found that under physiological conditions, numerous neurodegeneration-associated proteins are abundantly expressed by human B lymphocytes. A survey of the human proteome allowed us to map a unique protein-protein interaction network linking common neurodegeneration-associated proteins and their first shell interactors in human B lymphocytes. Interestingly, network connectivity analysis identified two major hubs that both relate with inflammation and autophagy, namely TRAF6 (TNF Receptor Associated Factor 6) and SQSTM1 (Sequestosome-1). Moreover, the mapped network in B lymphocytes comprised two additional hub proteins involved in both inflammation and autoimmunity: HSPA8 (Heat Shock Protein Family A Member 8 also known as HSC70) and HSP90AA1 (Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1). Based on these results, we then explored the Immune Epitope Database "IEDB-AR" and actually found that a large share of neurodegeneration-associated proteins were previously reported to provide endogenous MHC class II-binding peptides in human B lymphocytes. Of note, peptides deriving from amyloid beta A4 protein, sequestosome-1 or profilin-1 were reported to bind multiple allele-specific MHC class II molecules. In contrast, peptides deriving from microtubule-associated protein tau, presenilin 2 and serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 were exclusively reported to bind MHC molecules encoded by the HLA-DRB1 1501 allele, a recently-identified susceptibility gene for late onset Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we observed that the whole list of proteins reported to provide endogenous MHC class II-binding peptides in human B lymphocytes is specifically enriched in neurodegeneration-associated proteins. Overall, our work indicates that immunization against neurodegeneration-associated proteins might be a physiological process which is shaped, at least in part, by B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Nataf
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Banque de Tissus et de Cellules des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Guillen
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Pays
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Banque de Tissus et de Cellules des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
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8
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Yuste-Calvo C, López-Santalla M, Zurita L, Cruz-Fernández CF, Sánchez F, Garín MI, Ponz F. Elongated Flexuous Plant Virus-Derived Nanoparticles Functionalized for Autoantibody Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1438. [PMID: 31658770 PMCID: PMC6835482 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles derived from the elongated flexuous capsids of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) have been shown to be efficient tools for antibody sensing with a very high sensitivity if adequately functionalized with the corresponding epitopes. Taking advantage of this possibility, TuMV virus-like particles (VLPs) have been genetically derivatized with a peptide from the chaperonin Hsp60, a protein described to be involved in inflammation processes and autoimmune diseases. Antibodies against the peptide have been previously shown to have a diagnostic value in at least one autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis. The functionalized Hsp60-VLPs showed their significant increase in sensing potency when compared to monoclonal antibody detection of the peptide in a conventional immunoassay. Additionally, the developed Hsp60-VLPs allowed the detection of autoantibodies against the Hsp60 peptide in an in vivo mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The detection of minute amounts of the autoantibodies allowed us to perform the analysis of their evolution during the progression of the disease. The anti-Hsp60 autoantibody levels in the sera of the inflamed mice went down during the induction phase of the disease. Increased levels of the anti-HSP60 autoantibodies were detected during the resolution phase of the disease. An extension of a previously proposed model for the involvement of Hsp60 in inflammatory processes is considered, incorporating a role for Hsp60 autoantibodies. This, and related models, can now be experimentally tested thanks to the autoantibody detection hypersensitivity provided by the functionalized VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Yuste-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Autopista M-40, km 38. Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes López-Santalla
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Zurita
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Autopista M-40, km 38. Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - César F Cruz-Fernández
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Autopista M-40, km 38. Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Flora Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Autopista M-40, km 38. Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marina I Garín
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Advanced Therapy Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD/UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Ponz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Autopista M-40, km 38. Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Bakacs T, Moss RW, Kleef R, Szasz MA, Anderson CC. Exploiting autoimmunity unleashed by low-dose immune checkpoint blockade to treat advanced cancer. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12821. [PMID: 31589347 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the cancer immunotherapy revolution, more than 2000 immuno-oncology agents are currently being tested or are in use to improve responses. Not unexpectedly, the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their development of cancer therapy by the blockade of co-inhibitory signals. Unfortunately, manipulation of the co-inhibitory receptors has also resulted in a safety issue: widespread iatrogenic immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Autoimmunity is emerging as the nemesis of immunotherapy. Originally, it was assumed that CTLA-4 blockade selectively targets T cells relevant to the antitumour immune response. However, an uncontrolled pan T cell activation was induced compromising tolerance to healthy self-tissues. The irAEs are very similar to that of a chronic graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) reaction following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We hypothesized that ipilimumab induced a graft-versus-malignancy (GVM) effect, which eradicated metastatic melanoma in a minority of patients, but also involved an auto-GVHD reaction that resulted in widespread autoimmunity in the majority. Therefore, we argued for a profound theoretical point against the consensus of experts. The task is not to desperately put the genie back in the bottle by immune-suppressive treatments, but instead to harness the autoimmune forces. In this way, the same goal could be achieved by an antibody as by the adoptive transfer of alloreactive donor lymphocytes, but without severe GVHD. The proof-of-principle of a low-dose-combination immune checkpoint therapy, consisting only of approved drugs and treatments, was demonstrated in 111 stage IV cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralf Kleef
- Immunology & Integrative Oncology, Kleef Hyperthermie, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Colin C Anderson
- Departments of Surgery and Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Alberta Transplant Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Zaiss MM, Hall C, McGowan NWA, Babb R, Devlia V, Lucas S, Meghji S, Henderson B, Bozec A, Schett G, David JP, Panayi GS, Grigoriadis AE, Corrigall VM. Binding Immunoglobulin Protein (BIP) Inhibits TNF-α-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation and Systemic Bone Loss in an Erosive Arthritis Model. ACR Open Rheumatol 2019; 1:382-393. [PMID: 31777818 PMCID: PMC6857990 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The association between inflammation and dysregulated bone remodeling is apparent in rheumatoid arthritis and is recapitulated in the human tumor necrosis factor transgenic (hTNFtg) mouse model. We investigated whether extracellular binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) would protect the hTNFtg mouse from both inflammatory arthritis as well as extensive systemic bone loss and whether BiP had direct antiosteoclast properties in vitro. Methods hTNFtg mice received a single intraperitoneal administration of BiP at onset of arthritis. Clinical disease parameters were measured weekly. Bone analysis was performed by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry. Mouse bone marrow macrophage and human peripheral blood monocyte precursors were used to study the direct effect of BiP on osteoclast differentiation and function in vitro. Monocyte and osteoclast signaling was analyzed by Western blotting, flow cytometry, and imaging flow cytometry. Results BiP-treated mice showed reduced inflammation and cartilage destruction, and histomorphometric analysis revealed a decrease in osteoclast number with protection from systemic bone loss. Abrogation of osteoclast function was also observed in an ex vivo murine calvarial model. BiP inhibited differentiation of osteoclast precursors and prevented bone resorption by mature osteoclasts in vitro. BiP also induced downregulation of CD115/c-Fms and Receptor Activator of NF-κB (RANK) messenger RNA and protein, causing reduced phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and p38, with suppression of essential osteoclast transcription factors, c-Fos and NFATc1. BiP directly inhibited TNF-α- or Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL)-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation in THP-1 monocytic cells and preosteoclasts by the canonical and noncanonical pathways. Conclusion BiP combines an anti-inflammatory function with antiosteoclast activity, which establishes it as a potential novel therapeutic for inflammatory disorders associated with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M Zaiss
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Sébastien Lucas
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Sajeda Meghji
- UCL-Eastman Dental Institute University College London London UK
| | - Brian Henderson
- UCL-Eastman Dental Institute University College London London UK
| | - Aline Bozec
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre David
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, and Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics (IOBM) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
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11
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Abstract
Natural antibodies are an innate-like subset of serum antibodies involved in host defense, tumor surveillance, homeostasis, and autoimmunity. Defining the natural antibody repertoire is critical for identifying biomarkers, developing vaccines, controlling and preventing autoimmunity, and understanding the development and organization of the immune system. While natural antibodies to protein antigens have been studied in depth, little is known about natural antibodies to carbohydrate antigens. To address this, we profiled IgM from umbilical cord blood and matched maternal sera on a glycan microarray. Since standard methods to detect maternal contamination in cord serum did not have sufficient sensitivity for our study, we developed a highly sensitive microarray-based assay. Using this method, we found that over 50% of the cord samples had unacceptable levels of maternal contamination. For the cord samples with high purity, anti-glycan IgM antibodies were prevalent and recognized a broad range of non-human and human glycans. Using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, cord IgM repertoires showed a high degree of similarity with each other but were distinct from maternal IgM repertoires. Our results demonstrate that many anti-glycan antibodies in human serum are natural antibodies and provide new insights into the development of anti-glycan antibody repertoires.
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12
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Ceccin ADF, Souza APD, Hilário GT, Muller DM, Romão PRT, Rodrigues Junior LC. HspBP1 and anti-HspBP1 levels in the serum of HIV-infected individuals are associated to the disease progression. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:576-585. [PMID: 30786116 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this research was to quantify the levels of circulating HspBP1 and anti-HspBP1 IgG in HIV-infected individuals and to correlate them with CD4 T cell counts and viral load, as well as to determine the kinetics of those proteins during acute phase. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty serum samples from HIV-positive outpatients, thirty with high viral load and thirty with low viral load were analysed. The HspBP1 and anti-HspBP1 were quantified by ELISA. To investigate the kinetic of HspBP1 and anti-HspBp1 during the acute phase, these proteins and antibodies were quantified in samples of a commercial seroconverting HIV panel. All dosages were compared with the CD4 and CD8 T cell counts and HIV viral load. The results indicated that HIV positive outpatients presented significant increase in HspBP1 and anti-HspBP1 serum levels, compared with uninfected healthy. HspBP1 and anti-HspBP1 were negatively correlated with CD4 counts and CD4:CD8 ratio. In the acute phase, HspBP1 became significantly elevated 15 days after HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the quantification of HspBP1 can be associated to others well-established parameters of the HIV progression. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The discovery that HspBp1 and anti-HspBp1 are associated with progression of HIV infection is new and corroborates to validate the quantification of these proteins as an additional strategy in the management of the HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D F Ceccin
- Hemocenter of Santa Maria - Alameda Santiago de Chile Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A P D Souza
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, Escola de Ciências. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G T Hilário
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D M Muller
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P R T Romão
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L C Rodrigues Junior
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). Av. Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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13
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Abstract
The development of stress drives a host of biological responses that include the overproduction of a family of proteins named heat shock proteins (HSPs), because they were initially studied after heat exposure. HSPs are evolutionarily preserved proteins with a high degree of interspecies homology. HSPs are intracellular proteins that also have extracellular expression. The primary role of HSPs is to protect cell function by preventing irreversible protein damage and facilitating molecular traffic through intracellular pathways. However, in addition to their chaperone role, HSPs are immunodominant molecules that stimulate natural as well as disease-related immune reactivity. The latter may be a consequence of molecular mimicry, generating cross-reactivity between human HSPs and the HSPs of infectious agents. Autoimmune reactivity driven by HSPs could also be the result of enhancement of the immune response to peptides generated during cellular injury and of their role in the delivery of peptides to the major histocompatibility complex in antigen-presenting cells. In humans, HSPs have been found to participate in the pathogenesis of a large number of diseases. This review is focused on the role of HSPs in atherosclerosis and essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rodríguez-Iturbe
- 1 Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC-Zulia), Nephrology Service Hospital Universitario, Universidad del Zulia , Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - R J Johnson
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO, USA
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14
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Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ. The role of autoimmune reactivity induced by heat shock protein 70 in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1829-1838. [PMID: 29679484 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is increasingly recognized as having a central role in essential hypertension. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are immunodominant molecules with high interspecies homology and autoimmune reactivity directed against HSP70 may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Autoimmunity to HSP70 may result from molecular mimicry between human HSP and bacterial HSP or, alternatively, as a response to HSP70-peptide complexes generated during cellular stress and delivered to the major histocompatibility complex by antigen-presenting cells. HSP70 is increased in the circulation and kidney of hypertensive patients, and genetic polymorphisms of HSP70 are associated with essential hypertension. Depending on the route and conditions of administration, HSP70 may induce or suppress immune-related inflammation. Renal inflammation induced by immunity to HSP70 causes hypertension in laboratory animals, and administration of specific peptide sequences of HSP70 results in a protective anti-inflammatory response that prevents and corrects salt-induced hypertension. Potential therapeutic uses of HSP70 in essential hypertension deserve to be investigated. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Nephrology Service Hospital Universitario, Universidad del Zulia, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC-Zulia), Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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15
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Khasbiullina NR, Shilova NV, Navakouski ME, Nokel AY, Knirel YA, Blixt O, Bovin NV. Repertoire of Abs primed by bacteria in gnotobiotic mice. Innate Immun 2018; 24:180-187. [PMID: 29546786 PMCID: PMC6852387 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918763524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity natural Abs (NAbs) execute a number of functions, including protection and surveillance. Despite active research, the stimuli that induce the formation of NAbs are still described only hypothetically. Here, we compared repertoires of anti-glycan Abs in the peripheral blood of mice that received per os various bacteria. The repertoires of Abs of mice primed in this way were compared using a microarray that included about 350 glycans, as well as 150 bacterial polysaccharides. Sterile mice did not possess anti-glycan Abs. Oral inoculation of a single strain or combination of two to four strains of bacteria, as well as putting the animals on short-term nutrition with non-sterile food, did not contribute significantly to the formation of Abs, whereas a single gavage of digested food of non-sterile mice induced the formation of a repertoire close to the natural ones. Interestingly, the priming with polysaccharide Ags (in a composition of the bacterial cell envelope), that is, dominant Ags of bacteria, led to the induction of Abs against typical glycans of mammalian glycoproteins and glycolipids (e.g. Abs of the ABH blood group system) that do not have a structural similarity to the polysaccharides. The results support the importance of early contact with a naïve immune system with microorganisms of the environment to form a normal NAbs repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailia R Khasbiullina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Maxim E Navakouski
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Nokel
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Yuri A Knirel
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Ola Blixt
- University of Copenhagen, Department of
Chemistry, Denmark
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
- Auckland University of Technology, New
Zealand
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16
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van den Broek T, Madi A, Delemarre EM, Schadenberg AWL, Tesselaar K, Borghans JAM, Nierkens S, Redegeld FA, Otten HG, Rossetti M, Albani S, Sorek R, Cohen IR, Jansen NJG, van Wijk F. Human neonatal thymectomy induces altered B-cell responses and autoreactivity. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1970-1981. [PMID: 28691750 PMCID: PMC5697610 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201746971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An association between T‐cell lymphopenia and autoimmunity has long been proposed, but it remains to be elucidated whether T‐cell lymphopenia affects B‐cell responses to autoantigens. Human neonatal thymectomy (Tx) results in a decrease in T‐cell numbers and we used this model to study the development of autoreactivity. Two cohorts of neonatally thymectomized individuals were examined, a cohort of young (1–5 years post‐Tx, n = 10–27) and older children (>10 years, n = 26), and compared to healthy age‐matched controls. T‐cell and B‐cell subsets were assessed and autoantibody profiling performed. Early post‐Tx, a decrease in T‐cell numbers (2.75 × 109/L vs. 0.71 × 109/L) and an increased proportion of memory T cells (19.72 vs. 57.43%) were observed. The presence of autoantibodies was correlated with an increased proportion of memory T cells in thymectomized children. No differences were seen in percentages of different B‐cell subsets between the groups. The autoantigen microarray showed a skewed autoantibody response after Tx. In the cohort of older individuals, autoantibodies were present in 62% of the thymectomized children, while they were found in only 33% of the healthy controls. Overall, our data suggest that neonatal Tx skews the autoantibody profile. Preferential expansion and preservation of Treg (regulatory T) cell stability and function, may contribute to preventing autoimmune disease development after Tx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo van den Broek
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Asaf Madi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eveline M Delemarre
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alvin W L Schadenberg
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José A M Borghans
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henny G Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, SingHealth, Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, SingHealth, Singapore
| | | | - Irun R Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nicolaas J G Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Haller-Kikkatalo K, Alnek K, Metspalu A, Mihailov E, Metsküla K, Kisand K, Pisarev H, Salumets A, Uibo R. Demographic associations for autoantibodies in disease-free individuals of a European population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44846. [PMID: 28349935 PMCID: PMC5368634 DOI: 10.1038/srep44846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies usually precedes autoimmune disease, but is sometimes considered an incidental finding with no clinical relevance. The prevalence of immune-mediated diseases was studied in a group of individuals from the Estonian Genome Project (n = 51,862), and 6 clinically significant autoantibodies were detected in a subgroup of 994 (auto)immune-mediated disease-free individuals. The overall prevalence of individuals with immune-mediated diseases in the primary cohort was 30.1%. Similarly, 23.6% of the participants in the disease-free subgroup were seropositive for at least one autoantibody. Several phenotypic parameters were associated with autoantibodies. The results suggest that (i) immune-mediated diseases are diagnosed in nearly one-third of a random European population, (ii) 6 common autoantibodies are detectable in almost one-third of individuals without diagnosed autoimmune diseases, (iii) tissue non-specific autoantibodies, especially at high levels, may reflect preclinical disease in symptom-free individuals, and (iv) the incidental positivity of anti-TPO in men with positive familial anamnesis of maternal autoimmune disease deserves further medical attention. These results encourage physicians to evaluate autoantibodies in addition to treating a variety of patient health complaints to detect autoimmune-mediated disease early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Haller-Kikkatalo
- Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia.,Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu 50410, Estonia.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Kristi Alnek
- Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu 51010, Estonia.,Institute of Molecular and Cell biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Kaja Metsküla
- Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Kalle Kisand
- Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Heti Pisarev
- Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu 50410, Estonia.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, Tartu 51014, Estonia.,Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Raivo Uibo
- Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia.,Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tiigi 61b, Tartu 50410, Estonia
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18
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Abstract
While some autoimmune disorders remain extremely rare, others largely predominate the epidemiology of human autoimmunity. Notably, these include psoriasis, diabetes, vitiligo, thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Thus, despite the quasi-infinite number of "self" antigens that could theoretically trigger autoimmune responses, only a limited set of antigens, referred here as superautoantigens, induce pathogenic adaptive responses. Several lines of evidence reviewed in this paper indicate that, irrespective of the targeted organ (e.g. thyroid, pancreas, joints, brain or skin), a significant proportion of superautoantigens are highly expressed in the synaptic compartment of the central nervous system (CNS). Such an observation applies notably for GAD65, AchR, ribonucleoproteins, heat shock proteins, collagen IV, laminin, tyrosine hydroxylase and the acetylcholinesterase domain of thyroglobulin. It is also argued that cognitive alterations have been described in a number of autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Crohn's disease and autoimmune thyroiditis. Finally, the present paper points out that a great majority of the "incidental" autoimmune conditions notably triggered by neoplasms, vaccinations or microbial infections are targeting the synaptic or myelin compartments. On this basis, the concept of an immunological homunculus, proposed by Irun Cohen more than 25 years ago, is extended here in a model where physiological autoimmunity against brain superautoantigens confers both: i) a crucial evolutionary-determined advantage via cognition-promoting autoimmunity; and ii) a major evolutionary-determined vulnerability, leading to the emergence of autoimmune disorders in Homo sapiens. Moreover, in this theoretical framework, the so called co-development/co-evolution model, both the development (at the scale of an individual) and evolution (at the scale of species) of the antibody and T-cell repertoires are coupled to those of the neural repertoires (i.e. the distinct neuronal populations and synaptic circuits supporting cognitive and sensorimotor functions). Clinical implications and future experimental insights are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Nataf
- Bank of Tissues and Cells, Lyon University Hospital (Hospices Civils de Lyon), CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, F-69000, France
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19
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Abstract
The self-nonself discrimination hypothesis remains a landmark concept in immunology. It proposes that tolerance breaks down in the presence of nonself antigens. In strike contrast, in statistics, occurrence of nonself elements in a sample (i.e., outliers) is not obligatory to violate the null hypothesis. Very often, what is crucial is the combination of (self) elements in a sample. The two views on how to detect a change seem challengingly different and it could seem difficult to conceive how immunological cellular interactions could trigger responses with a precision comparable to some statistical tests. Here it is shown that frustrated cellular interactions reconcile the two views within a plausible immunological setting. It is proposed that the adaptive immune system can be promptly activated either when nonself ligands are detected or self-ligands occur in abnormal combinations. In particular we show that cellular populations behaving in this way could perform location statistical tests, with performances comparable to t or KS tests, or even more general data mining tests such as support vector machines or random forests. In more general terms, this work claims that plausible immunological models should provide accurate detection mechanisms for host protection and, furthermore, that investigation on mechanisms leading to improved detection in “in silico” models can help unveil how the real immune system works.
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20
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Khasbiullina NR, Bovin NV. Hypotheses of the origin of natural antibodies: a glycobiologist's opinion. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:820-35. [PMID: 26541997 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915070032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the generation of antibodies proceeds due to immunization of an organism by alien antigens, and the level and affinity of antibodies are directly correlated to the presence of immunogen. At the same time, vast experimental material has been obtained providing evidence of antibodies whose level remains unchanged and affinity is constant during a lifetime. In contrast to the first, adaptive immunoglobulins, the latter are named natural antibodies (nAbs). The nAbs are produced by B1 cells, whereas adaptive Abs are produced by B2. This review summarizes general data on nAbs and presents in more detail data on antigens of carbohydrate origin. Hypotheses on the origin of nAbs and their activation mechanisms are discussed. We present our thoughts on this matter supported by our experimental data on nAbs to glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Khasbiullina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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21
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Pantazes RJ, Reifert J, Bozekowski J, Ibsen KN, Murray JA, Daugherty PS. Identification of disease-specific motifs in the antibody specificity repertoire via next-generation sequencing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30312. [PMID: 27481573 PMCID: PMC4969583 DOI: 10.1038/srep30312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-specific antibodies can serve as highly effective biomarkers but have been identified for only a relatively small number of autoimmune diseases. A method was developed to identify disease-specific binding motifs through integration of bacterial display peptide library screening, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and computational analysis. Antibody specificity repertoires were determined by identifying bound peptide library members for each specimen using cell sorting and performing NGS. A computational algorithm, termed Identifying Motifs Using Next- generation sequencing Experiments (IMUNE), was developed and applied to discover disease- and healthy control-specific motifs. IMUNE performs comprehensive pattern searches, identifies patterns statistically enriched in the disease or control groups and clusters the patterns to generate motifs. Using celiac disease sera as a discovery set, IMUNE identified a consensus motif (QPEQPF[PS]E) with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in a validation sera set, in addition to novel motifs. Peptide display and sequencing (Display-Seq) coupled with IMUNE analysis may thus be useful to characterize antibody repertoires and identify disease-specific antibody epitopes and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Pantazes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.,Serimmune, Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
| | - Jack Reifert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.,Serimmune, Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
| | - Joel Bozekowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kelly N Ibsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Joseph A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Patrick S Daugherty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.,Serimmune, Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
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22
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Natural autoantibodies in Bos taurus calves during the first twelve weeks of life. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 178:70-8. [PMID: 27496745 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Natural autoantibodies (NAAb) have a role in maintaining physiological homeostasis and prevention of infections, and have been found in mammalian species tested so far. Albeit NAAb levels rise with age, little is known about the origin, function, regulation and initiation of NAAb in young animals. The present study addressed the presence of IgM and IgG NAAb binding glutamate dehydrogenase (GD), carbonic anhydrase (CA), myosin (MYO) and transferrin (TRANS) from before drinking colostrum until the first 12 weeks of life in plasma of female calves. In addition, NAAb to these four self-antigens were also measured in colostrum and in plasma of their mothers during three weeks before calving. Titers of NAAb binding GD, CA, MYO and TRANS were detected in plasma of cows before calving, in colostrum, and in plasma of calves before and after drinking of colostrum. Levels of NAAb in colostrum were positively related with levels of NAAb in plasma of cows. Before colostrum intake, levels of NAAb in plasma of calves were not related with levels of NAAb in plasma of their mother but were influenced by parity of their mother. After colostrum intake, levels of NAAb in plasma of calves in the first week of life were positively related with levels of NAAb in colostrum. Low NAAb levels in colostrum were related with low NAAb in plasma of calves in the first week of life, but after two weeks of life the relation between colostrum and plasma of calves was absent. In conclusion, NAAb are already present in the unborn calf, and levels of neonatal NAAb during the early weeks of life are affected by levels of maternal NAAb obtained via colostrum.
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Swiatczak B, Cohen IR. Gut feelings of safety: tolerance to the microbiota mediated by innate immune receptors. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 59:573-85. [PMID: 26306708 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To enable microbial colonization of the gut mucosa, the intestinal immune system must not only react to danger signals but also recognize cues that indicate safety. Recognition of safety, paradoxically, is mediated by the same environmental sensors that are involved in signaling danger. Indeed, in addition to their well-established role in inducing inflammation in response to stress signals, pattern recognition receptors and a variety of metabolic sensors also promote gut-microbiota symbiosis by responding to "microbial symbiosis factors", "resolution-associated molecular patterns", markers of energy extraction and other signals indicating the absence of pathogenic infection and tissue damage. Here we focus on how the paradoxical roles of immune receptors and other environmental sensors define the microbiota signature of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Swiatczak
- Department of History of Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Irun R Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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24
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Vaz NM. Self-tolerance revisited. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 55:128-132. [PMID: 27200443 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Hamilton JA, Li J, Wu Q, Yang P, Luo B, Li H, Bradley JE, Taylor JJ, Randall TD, Mountz JD, Hsu HC. General Approach for Tetramer-Based Identification of Autoantigen-Reactive B Cells: Characterization of La- and snRNP-Reactive B Cells in Autoimmune BXD2 Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 194:5022-34. [PMID: 25888644 PMCID: PMC4417409 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive B cells are associated with the development of several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The low frequency of these cells represents a major barrier to their analysis. Ag tetramers prepared from linear epitopes represent a promising strategy for the identification of small subsets of Ag-reactive immune cells. This is challenging given the requirement for identification and validation of linear epitopes and the complexity of autoantibody responses, including the broad spectrum of autoantibody specificities and the contribution of isotype to pathogenicity. Therefore, we tested a two-tiered peptide microarray approach, coupled with epitope mapping of known autoantigens, to identify and characterize autoepitopes using the BXD2 autoimmune mouse model. Microarray results were verified through comparison with established age-associated profiles of autoantigen specificities and autoantibody class switching in BXD2 and control (C57BL/6) mice and high-throughput ELISA and ELISPOT analyses of synthetic peptides. Tetramers were prepared from two linear peptides derived from two RNA-binding proteins (RBPs): lupus La and 70-kDa U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. Flow cytometric analysis of tetramer-reactive B cell subsets revealed a significantly higher frequency and greater numbers of RBP-reactive marginal zone precursor, transitional T3, and PDL-2(+)CD80(+) memory B cells, with significantly elevated CD69 and CD86 observed in RBP(+) marginal zone precursor B cells in the spleens of BXD2 mice compared with C57BL/6 mice, suggesting a regulatory defect. This study establishes a feasible strategy for the characterization of autoantigen-specific B cell subsets in different models of autoimmunity and, potentially, in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie A Hamilton
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Qi Wu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - PingAr Yang
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Bao Luo
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Hao Li
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - John E Bradley
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - John D Mountz
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Hui-Chen Hsu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294;
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Khobondo JO, Nieuwland MGB, Webb LE, Bokkers EAM, Parmentier HK. Natural (auto)antibodies in calves are affected by age and diet. Vet Q 2015; 35:64-75. [PMID: 25671329 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2015.1009657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural autoantibodies (N(a)ab) were found in every species tested so far, and are likely important in maintaining homeostasis. OBJECTIVES (1) To determine N(a)ab in Bos taurus calves, (2) evaluate effects of diet and age on N(a)ab binding repertoires in calves, and (3) delineate bovine liver cell lysate (BLL) antigens related with variation in rumen score and body weight. ANIMALS AND METHODS Effects of age and diet on staining of BLL fragments by IgM and IgG antibodies in serum samples collected at 20 or at 26 weeks of age from bull calves either fed a restricted or ad libitum diet were analyzed using quantitative Western blotting. Correlations between fragments stained and grouping of calves were done by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Redundancy analysis (RDA) was done to relate rumen score and body weight variation at slaughter at 27 weeks of age with stained BLL fragments. RESULTS In sera from all calves IgM and IgG antibodies binding BLL antigens were found. Corresponding fragments were stained, but quantitative differences in staining intensities were related to diet and age for both IgM and IgG. PCA revealed that age had a greater influence than diet on BLL fragment staining. RDA suggested that staining by IgM or IgG of specific BLL fragments was related with variation in rumen score and body weight. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Analyses of N(a)ab in serum could be a potential tool to estimate the health status of cattle, and be used to evaluate effects of husbandry practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel O Khobondo
- a Ministry of Agriculture , Livestock and Fisheries, Dairy Training Institute , Naivasha , Kenya
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27
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Paczesny S, Hakim FT, Pidala J, Cooke KR, Lathrop J, Griffith LM, Hansen J, Jagasia M, Miklos D, Pavletic S, Parkman R, Russek-Cohen E, Flowers MED, Lee S, Martin P, Vogelsang G, Walton M, Schultz KR. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: III. The 2014 Biomarker Working Group Report. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:780-92. [PMID: 25644957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biology-based markers to confirm or aid in the diagnosis or prognosis of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation or monitor its progression are critically needed to facilitate evaluation of new therapies. Biomarkers have been defined as any characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of a normal biological or pathogenic process, or of a pharmacologic response to a therapeutic intervention. Applications of biomarkers in chronic GVHD clinical trials or patient management include the following: (1) diagnosis and assessment of chronic GVHD disease activity, including distinguishing irreversible damage from continued disease activity; (2) prognostic risk to develop chronic GVHD; and (3) prediction of response to therapy. Sample collection for chronic GVHD biomarkers studies should be well documented following established quality control guidelines for sample acquisition, processing, preservation, and testing, at intervals that are both calendar and event driven. The consistent therapeutic treatment of subjects and standardized documentation needed to support biomarker studies are most likely to be provided in prospective clinical trials. To date, no chronic GVHD biomarkers have been qualified for use in clinical applications. Since our previous chronic GVHD Biomarkers Working Group report in 2005, an increasing number of chronic GVHD candidate biomarkers are available for further investigation. This paper provides a 4-part framework for biomarker investigations: identification, verification, qualification, and application with terminology based on Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Pediatrics and Immunology, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Frances T Hakim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph Pidala
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kenneth R Cooke
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julia Lathrop
- Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Linda M Griffith
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John Hansen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Madan Jagasia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David Miklos
- Stanford Bone Marrow Transplant-Cellular Therapy Facility, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Steven Pavletic
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robertson Parkman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Estelle Russek-Cohen
- Division of Biostatistics, Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Mary E D Flowers
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephanie Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul Martin
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and the Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Georgia Vogelsang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marc Walton
- Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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28
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van de Stolpe A, Kauffmann RH. Innovative human-specific investigational approaches to autoimmune disease. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15794j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An organ-on-chip disease model approach, including “pre-clinical trial-on-chip” is introduced for understanding of human autoimmune disease pathophysiology and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja van de Stolpe
- Precision & Decentralized Diagnostics
- Philips Research
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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29
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Identification of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of multiple sclerosis patients by immunoproteomics approach. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23269-82. [PMID: 25517032 PMCID: PMC4284765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. At present, the molecular mechanisms causing the initiation, development and progression of MS are poorly understood, and no reliable proteinaceous disease markers are available. In this study, we used an immunoproteomics approach to identify autoreactive antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients to use as candidate markers with potential diagnostic value. We identified an autoreactive anti-transferrin antibody that may have a potential link with the development and progression of MS. We found this antibody at high levels also in the serum of MS patients and created an immunoenzymatic assay to detect it. Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis, it is difficult to find a single marker for all of the processes involved in the origin and progression of the disease, so the development of a panel of biomarkers is desirable, and anti-transferrin antibody could be one of these.
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30
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Cohen IR. Activation of benign autoimmunity as both tumor and autoimmune disease immunotherapy: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2014; 54:112-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Vaz NM, Carvalho CR. On the origin of immunopathology. J Theor Biol 2014; 375:61-70. [PMID: 24937801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stranded between medicine and experimental biology, immunology is buried in its own problems and remains distant from important areas of current biology, such as evolutionary theory, developmental biology and cognitive sciences. Immunology has treated the living system merely as the place or dimension in which immune activity takes place, inserted on a misleading axis (progressive responsiveness versus no response; memory versus tolerance) which neglects the analysis of a robustly stable dynamics which is always present and is neither tolerance nor immunity-a problem currently approached as one of "regulatory" activity. However, a regulatory response also demands regulation, leading to an endless recursion and the adoption of a stimulus-response framework inevitably drives us away from the physiological processes in which lymphocytes are involved. Herein, we propose that immunological physiology, like everything else in the body is dynamic and conservative. Immunopathology, including inherited immunodeficiencies, severe forms of infectious diseases, allergy and autoimmune diseases, are interferences with this stability which frequently include oligoclonal expansions of T lymphocytes. We suggest that this decrease in clonal diversity results from a loss of the stabilizing connectivity among lymphocytes and are not simply markers of immunopathology, but are rather expressions of basic pathogenic mechanisms. The so-called autoimmune diseases are examples of this disequilibrium. In the last decade the characterization of an enormous and diversified commensal microbiota has posed a new and pressing problem: how to explain the harmonic conviviality with trillions of foreign macromolecules. In addition, robustly stable relations towards macromolecular diet can be established by simple ingestion, a state presently labeled as "oral tolerance", a problem that has been buffered for decades as anti-inflammatory protection of the gut. A major change in terminology is necessary to describe this new panorama. We focus on two important gaps in immunological discussions: (a) the organism, seen simultaneously as the medium with which the immune system is constantly in touch and as the entity that mediates the contact with external materials; and (b) the observer, the immunologist, who operates as a human being in human languaging with other human beings, and characterizes immunological specificity. We acknowledge that we are proposing radical departures from current dogma and that we should justify them. Most of what we propose stem form a way of seeing called Biology of Cognition and Language, that derives from ideas of the neurobiologist/philosopher Humberto Maturana, also known as "autopoiesis theory".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson M Vaz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Claudia R Carvalho
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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32
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Schulz R, Werner B, Behn U. Self-tolerance in a minimal model of the idiotypic network. Front Immunol 2014; 5:86. [PMID: 24653720 PMCID: PMC3948099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider the problem of self-tolerance in the frame of a minimalistic model of the idiotypic network. A node of this network represents a population of B-lymphocytes of the same idiotype, which is encoded by a bit string. The links of the network connect nodes with (nearly) complementary strings. The population of a node survives if the number of occupied neighbors is not too small and not too large. There is an influx of lymphocytes with random idiotype from the bone marrow. Previous investigations have shown that this system evolves toward highly organized architectures, where the nodes can be classified into groups according to their statistical properties. The building principles of these architectures can be analytically described and the statistical results of simulations agree very well with results of a modular mean-field theory. In this paper, we present simulation results for the case that one or several nodes, playing the role of self, are permanently occupied. These self nodes influence their linked neighbors, the autoreactive clones, but are themselves not affected by idiotypic interactions. We observe that the group structure of the architecture is very similar to the case without self antigen, but organized such that the neighbors of the self are only weakly occupied, thus providing self-tolerance. We also treat this situation in mean-field theory, which give results in good agreement with data from simulation. The model supports the view that autoreactive clones, which naturally occur also in healthy organisms are controlled by anti-idiotypic interactions, and could be helpful to understand network aspects of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schulz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Benjamin Werner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Ulrich Behn
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
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33
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Rimer J, Cohen IR, Friedman N. Do all creatures possess an acquired immune system of some sort? Bioessays 2014; 36:273-81. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Rimer
- Department of Immunology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Irun R. Cohen
- Department of Immunology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
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34
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Six A, Mariotti-Ferrandiz ME, Chaara W, Magadan S, Pham HP, Lefranc MP, Mora T, Thomas-Vaslin V, Walczak AM, Boudinot P. The past, present, and future of immune repertoire biology - the rise of next-generation repertoire analysis. Front Immunol 2013; 4:413. [PMID: 24348479 PMCID: PMC3841818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
T and B cell repertoires are collections of lymphocytes, each characterized by its antigen-specific receptor. We review here classical technologies and analysis strategies developed to assess immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) repertoire diversity, and describe recent advances in the field. First, we describe the broad range of available methodological tools developed in the past decades, each of which answering different questions and showing complementarity for progressive identification of the level of repertoire alterations: global overview of the diversity by flow cytometry, IG repertoire descriptions at the protein level for the identification of IG reactivities, IG/TR CDR3 spectratyping strategies, and related molecular quantification or dynamics of T/B cell differentiation. Additionally, we introduce the recent technological advances in molecular biology tools allowing deeper analysis of IG/TR diversity by next-generation sequencing (NGS), offering systematic and comprehensive sequencing of IG/TR transcripts in a short amount of time. NGS provides several angles of analysis such as clonotype frequency, CDR3 diversity, CDR3 sequence analysis, V allele identification with a quantitative dimension, therefore requiring high-throughput analysis tools development. In this line, we discuss the recent efforts made for nomenclature standardization and ontology development. We then present the variety of available statistical analysis and modeling approaches developed with regards to the various levels of diversity analysis, and reveal the increasing sophistication of those modeling approaches. To conclude, we provide some examples of recent mathematical modeling strategies and perspectives that illustrate the active rise of a "next-generation" of repertoire analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Six
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CIC-BTi Biotherapy , Paris , France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU), Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (i2B) , Paris , France
| | - Maria Encarnita Mariotti-Ferrandiz
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU), Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (i2B) , Paris , France
| | - Wahiba Chaara
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CIC-BTi Biotherapy , Paris , France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU), Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (i2B) , Paris , France
| | - Susana Magadan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Hang-Phuong Pham
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France
| | - Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT®, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System®, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR CNRS 1142, Université Montpellier 2 , Montpellier , France
| | - Thierry Mora
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, UMR8550, CNRS and Ecole Normale Supérieure , Paris , France
| | - Véronique Thomas-Vaslin
- UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; CNRS, UMR 7211, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) , Paris , France ; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU), Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy (i2B) , Paris , France
| | - Aleksandra M Walczak
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, UMR8549, CNRS and Ecole Normale Supérieure , Paris , France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires , Jouy-en-Josas , France
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